WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 Summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. Aqeel ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.900 --> 00:00:16.500 Surah al-A'raf. 00:00:17.899 --> 00:00:22.699 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.859 --> 00:00:34.060 Alif-Lam-Mim-Sad. 00:00:34.060 --> 00:00:46.460 “(It is) a Scripture that is revealed unto thee (Muhammad) - so let there be no heaviness in thy heart therefrom - that thou mayst warn thereby, and (it is) a Reminder unto believers.” (7:2) 00:00:46.460 --> 00:00:51.579 “(It is) a Scripture that is revealed unto thee (Muhammad) - so let there be no heaviness in thy heart therefrom - that thou mayst warn thereby, and (it is) a Reminder unto believers.” (7:2) 00:00:52.890 --> 00:00:55.570 Alif-Lam-Mim-Sad. 00:00:56.170 --> 00:00:58.170 This Qur'an, O Muhammad— 00:00:58.490 --> 00:01:00.810 is a Book revealed to you by Allah. 00:01:01.250 --> 00:01:04.689 So let there be no distress in your breast, O Muhammad, from warning with it, 00:01:05.209 --> 00:01:07.689 nor any doubt that it is from Me. 00:01:08.250 --> 00:01:13.489 We have sent down this Book to you so that you may warn with it and remind the believers. 00:01:14.810 --> 00:01:20.290 “(Saying): Follow that which is sent down unto you from your Lord, and follow no protecting friends beside Him. Little do ye recollect!” (7:3) 00:01:20.290 --> 00:01:25.370 “(Saying): Follow that which is sent down unto you from your Lord, and follow no protecting friends beside Him. Little do ye recollect!” (7:3) 00:01:25.769 --> 00:01:30.530 "Little do you remember." 00:01:31.730 --> 00:01:34.450 Say, O Muhammad, to these idolaters: 00:01:34.930 --> 00:01:40.609 "Follow, O people, the clear proofs and guidance that have come to you from your Lord, 00:01:41.049 --> 00:01:45.370 and do not follow anything besides what your Lord has revealed to you." 00:01:45.890 --> 00:01:50.370 Little do you take admonition, draw lessons, or return to the truth. 00:01:52.310 --> 00:02:07.069 “How many a township have We destroyed! As a raid by night, or while they slept at noon, Our terror came unto them.” (7:4) 00:02:08.539 --> 00:02:12.780 He warned those who worship others alongside Me of His wrath, destroying them; 00:02:13.379 --> 00:02:17.419 for how many a generation before them who disobeyed Me have I destroyed! 00:02:17.979 --> 00:02:21.259 Our punishment and retribution came upon them by night, 00:02:21.699 --> 00:02:25.020 or it came upon them during the day while they were resting at noon. 00:02:26.780 --> 00:02:42.539 “No plea had they, when Our terror came unto them, save that they said: Lo! We were wrong-doers.” (7:5) 00:02:44.099 --> 00:02:50.340 So the plea of the people of the town We destroyed, when Our torment and strike came upon them, 00:02:50.900 --> 00:02:56.500 was nothing other than admitting against themselves that they had wronged themselves, 00:02:57.060 --> 00:03:01.860 sinned against their Lord, and transgressed His commands and prohibitions. 00:03:03.569 --> 00:03:12.210 "We shall surely question those to whom [messengers] were sent, and We shall surely question the messengers." 00:03:13.550 --> 00:03:17.150 We shall surely question the nations to whom I sent My messengers 00:03:17.710 --> 00:03:20.909 about what they did in response to what the messengers brought them; 00:03:21.550 --> 00:03:25.069 and We shall surely question the messengers whom I sent to the nations: 00:03:25.550 --> 00:03:31.550 "Did you convey My messages to them, or did you fall short, neglect your duty, and fail to convey them?" 00:03:33.280 --> 00:03:45.099 “Then verily We shall narrate unto them (the event) with knowledge, for We were not absent (when it came to pass).” (7:7) 00:03:46.509 --> 00:03:52.750 We shall surely inform the messengers and those to whom they were sent, based on absolute knowledge, of what they did in the world— 00:03:53.310 --> 00:03:57.229 regarding what I had commanded them and what I had forbidden them. 00:03:57.870 --> 00:04:03.229 And We were never absent from them or unaware of the deeds they used to commit. 00:04:04.909 --> 00:04:15.949 “The weighing on that day is the true (weighing). As for those whose scale is heavy, they are the successful.” (7:8) 00:04:17.680 --> 00:04:22.800 And the weighing on the Day We question those to whom messengers were sent and the messengers themselves shall be with absolute justice. 00:04:23.600 --> 00:04:31.519 So those whose good deeds weigh heavily are the ones who have attained success, immortality, and eternal abode in the Gardens. 00:04:33.180 --> 00:04:52.060 “And as for those whose scale is light: those are they who lose their souls because they used to wrong Our revelations.” (7:9) 00:04:53.649 --> 00:05:02.050 But those whose scales of righteous deeds are light—unweighted by the affirmation of Allah's Oneness and belief in Him and His Messenger— 00:05:02.529 --> 00:05:10.129 are the ones who have defrauded themselves of their ultimate reward because they used to deny the proofs and signs of Allah, 00:05:10.610 --> 00:05:12.689 refusing to acknowledge their truth. 00:05:14.290 --> 00:05:25.250 “And We have given you (mankind) power in the earth, and appointed for you therein livelihoods. Little give ye thanks!” (7:10) 00:05:26.509 --> 00:05:33.870 We have established you, O people, upon the earth and made it a stable dwelling place for you to settle in, 00:05:34.589 --> 00:05:41.870 and We have provided you therein with means of livelihood to sustain you throughout your lives, of food and drink. 00:05:42.589 --> 00:05:47.949 Yet little is your gratitude for these favors I have bestowed upon you. 00:05:49.699 --> 00:06:14.420 "We created you, then We fashioned you, then We said to the angels: 'Prostrate before Adam.' So they prostrated, except Iblis; he was not of those who prostrated." 00:06:15.540 --> 00:06:25.939 We created Adam, O people, then We fashioned him, then We said to the angels: "Prostrate before Adam," as a trial and a test. 00:06:26.420 --> 00:06:33.060 So the angels prostrated, except Iblis, for he was not among those who prostrated before Adam. 00:06:34.500 --> 00:06:49.300 “He said: What hindered thee that thou didst not fall prostrate when I bade thee? (Iblis) said: I am better than him. Thou createdst me of fire while him Thou didst create of mud.” (7:12) 00:06:50.370 --> 00:07:04.610 Allah said to Iblis: "What prevented you from prostrating when I commanded you?" Iblis replied: "I am better than Adam; You created me from fire and created him from clay." 00:07:06.189 --> 00:07:18.269 “He said: Then go down hence! It is not for thee to show pride here, so go forth! Lo! thou art of those degraded.” (7:13) 00:07:19.620 --> 00:07:38.500 Allah said to Iblis: "Descend from Paradise, for it is not for you to be arrogant against My obedience and My command, as no arrogant one shall inhabit Paradise. So get out of Paradise; indeed, you are among those struck by Allah with humiliation, disgrace, and abasement." 00:07:39.649 --> 00:07:51.730 He said: "Respite me until the Day they are resurrected." He said: "Indeed, you are of those respited." 00:07:52.420 --> 00:08:07.540 Iblis said to his Lord: "Delay me and grant me respite until the Day creation is resurrected." Allah—Exalted is His praise—said: "Indeed, you are of those respited until the Day Allah has decreed for destruction and death." 00:08:08.779 --> 00:08:17.100 “He said: Now, because Thou hast sent me astray, verily I shall lurk in ambush for them on Thy Right Path.” (7:16) 00:08:18.269 --> 00:08:32.110 Iblis said: "Because You have caused me to deviate, I will surely lie in wait for the children of Adam on Your straight path; I will surely turn them away from Your worship and mislead them just as You caused me to deviate." 00:08:33.500 --> 00:08:53.659 “Then I shall come upon them from before them and from behind them and from their right hands and from their left hands, and Thou wilt not find most of them beholden (unto Thee).” (7:17) 00:08:54.659 --> 00:09:06.899 "Then I will surely come upon them from every direction of truth and falsehood, turning them away from the truth and beautifying falsehood to them—from before them and from their right." 00:09:07.299 --> 00:09:19.460 "And You, my Lord, will not find most of Adam's children grateful for Your favor"—their gratitude to Him being their obedience through affirming His Oneness and following His commands and prohibitions. 00:09:19.460 --> 00:09:35.740 “He said: Go forth from hence, degraded, banished. As for such of them as follow thee, surely I will fill hell with all of you.” (7:18) 00:09:51.230 --> 00:09:54.350 And for Iblis and his followers is Hell. 00:09:56.610 --> 00:10:13.250 "And O Adam, dwell, you and your wife, in Paradise and eat from wherever you will, but do not approach this tree, lest you be among the wrongdoers." 00:10:14.399 --> 00:10:32.559 "And O Adam, dwell, you and your wife, in Paradise and eat from its fruits wherever you wish, but do not approach the fruit of a specific tree, lest you be among those who violate their Lord's command and commit what is impermissible." 00:10:32.559 --> 00:11:00.580 “Then Satan whispered to them that he might manifest unto them that which was hidden from them of their shame, and he said: Your Lord forbade you from this tree only lest ye should become angels or become of the immortals.” (7:20) 00:11:02.980 --> 00:11:14.990 Then Satan whispered to them to expose that which was hidden from them of their private parts, which Allah had covered with His veil. 00:11:14.990 --> 00:11:28.539 Satan said to Adam and his wife: "Your Lord only forbade you from eating the fruit of this tree lest you become angels or become immortal." 00:11:28.539 --> 00:11:37.460 "And he swore to them: 'Indeed, I am to you one of the sincere advisors.'" 00:11:37.460 --> 00:11:43.940 And he swore an oath to them: "Indeed, I am giving you sincere counsel in my advice." 00:11:43.940 --> 00:11:57.149 So he enticed them through deception; and when they tasted of the tree, their private parts became exposed to them, and he swore to them. 00:11:57.230 --> 00:12:04.190 And they began to fasten together over themselves the leaves of Paradise. 00:12:04.190 --> 00:12:15.309 And their Lord called out to them: "Did I not forbid you from that tree and tell you that Satan is an avowed enemy to you?" 00:12:15.309 --> 00:12:32.940 “Thus did he lead them on with guile. And when they tasted of the tree their shame was manifest to them and they began to hide (by heaping) on themselves some of the leaves of the Garden. And their Lord called them, (saying): Did I not forbid you from that tree and tell you: Lo! Satan is an open enemy to you?” (7:22) 00:12:32.940 --> 00:12:36.220 So he deceived them with adorned words. 00:12:36.220 --> 00:12:40.539 Thus, when Adam and Eve tasted the fruit of the tree, 00:12:40.620 --> 00:12:47.019 their private parts were exposed to them, for Allah stripped them of their heavenly garments. 00:12:47.019 --> 00:12:54.299 So they turned and began to join leaves from Paradise over themselves to cover their private parts. 00:12:54.299 --> 00:13:03.259 And Adam and Eve's Lord called out to them: "Did I not forbid you from eating the fruit of that tree which you ate, 00:13:03.259 --> 00:13:06.539 and inform you that Iblis is an enemy to you, 00:13:06.539 --> 00:13:12.539 who manifested his enmity toward you by refusing to prostrate before Adam out of envy and transgression?" 00:13:12.539 --> 00:13:30.899 “They said: Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If thou forgive us not and have not mercy on us, surely we are of the lost!” (7:23) 00:13:31.139 --> 00:13:33.379 Adam and Eve said: 00:13:33.379 --> 00:13:39.860 "O our Lord, we have wronged ourselves through disobedience and opposing Your command, 00:13:39.860 --> 00:13:43.220 and by obeying our enemy and Yours. 00:13:43.220 --> 00:13:47.940 If You do not conceal our sin and cover it over us, 00:13:47.940 --> 00:13:52.980 refrain from exposing us, and show us mercy through Your compassion, 00:13:52.980 --> 00:13:56.899 we shall surely be among the lost." 00:13:56.899 --> 00:14:01.139 “He said: Go down (from hence), one of you a foe unto the other. There will be for you on earth a habitation and provision for a while.” (7:24) 00:14:01.220 --> 00:14:09.360 "And for you on earth is a dwelling place and enjoyment for a time." 00:14:09.360 --> 00:14:13.679 Allah said: "Descend from heaven to the earth, 00:14:13.679 --> 00:14:19.600 enemies to one another, O Adam, Eve, Iblis, and the serpent. 00:14:19.600 --> 00:14:24.720 On earth shall be a dwelling place for you to settle and a bed for you to inhabit, 00:14:24.720 --> 00:14:31.220 and in it you shall have enjoyment until the end of the world." 00:14:31.220 --> 00:14:39.519 “He said: There shall ye live, and there shall ye die, and thence shall ye be brought forth.” (7:25) 00:14:39.519 --> 00:14:44.909 Allah said: "Upon the earth you shall live the days of your life, 00:14:44.909 --> 00:14:47.710 upon the earth shall be your death, 00:14:47.710 --> 00:14:55.019 and from the earth your Lord shall bring you forth and gather you to Him alive for the Resurrection." 00:14:55.019 --> 00:15:04.299 “O Children of Adam! We have revealed unto you raiment to conceal your shame, and splendid vesture, but the raiment of restraint from evil, that is best. This is of the revelations of Allah, that they may remember.” (7:26) 00:15:04.299 --> 00:15:09.179 “O Children of Adam! We have revealed unto you raiment to conceal your shame, and splendid vesture, but the raiment of restraint from evil, that is best. This is of the revelations of Allah, that they may remember.” (7:26) 00:15:09.179 --> 00:15:16.720 “O Children of Adam! We have revealed unto you raiment to conceal your shame, and splendid vesture, but the raiment of restraint from evil, that is best. This is of the revelations of Allah, that they may remember.” (7:26) 00:15:16.720 --> 00:15:18.399 "O children of Adam, 00:15:18.399 --> 00:15:22.480 We have sent down upon you clothing to cover your private parts, 00:15:22.480 --> 00:15:24.720 and provisions and wealth. 00:15:24.720 --> 00:15:31.759 But the clothing of righteousness is best for you, O children of Adam, than garments that merely cover your private parts 00:15:31.759 --> 00:15:35.679 and the fine adornments We have sent down to you." 00:15:35.679 --> 00:15:42.639 "That which I have mentioned sending down to you, O people, of clothing and fine adornments, 00:15:42.639 --> 00:15:49.840 is among the proofs and signs of Allah by which the disbeliever may know the truth of Allah's Oneness. 00:15:49.840 --> 00:15:53.279 I have made that a sign for them so that they may remember, 00:15:53.360 --> 00:15:57.360 take admonition, return to the truth, and abandon falsehood." 00:15:57.360 --> 00:16:13.730 “O Children of Adam! Let not Satan seduce you as he caused your (first) parents to go forth from the Garden and tore off from them their robe (of innocence) that he might manifest their shame to them. Lo! he seeth you, he and his tribe, from whence ye see him not. Lo! We have made the devils protecting friends for those who believe not.” (7:27) 00:16:13.730 --> 00:16:24.370 “O Children of Adam! Let not Satan seduce you as he caused your (first) parents to go forth from the Garden and tore off from them their robe (of innocence) that he might manifest their shame to them. Lo! he seeth you, he and his tribe, from whence ye see him not. Lo! We have made the devils protecting friends for those who believe not.” (7:27) 00:16:24.370 --> 00:16:31.570 “O Children of Adam! Let not Satan seduce you as he caused your (first) parents to go forth from the Garden and tore off from them their robe (of innocence) that he might manifest their shame to them. Lo! he seeth you, he and his tribe, from whence ye see him not. Lo! We have made the devils protecting friends for those who believe not.” (7:27) 00:16:31.570 --> 00:16:41.250 “O Children of Adam! Let not Satan seduce you as he caused your (first) parents to go forth from the Garden and tore off from them their robe (of innocence) that he might manifest their shame to them. Lo! he seeth you, he and his tribe, from whence ye see him not. Lo! We have made the devils protecting friends for those who believe not.” (7:27) 00:16:42.399 --> 00:16:46.240 "O children of Adam, let not Satan tempt you, 00:16:46.240 --> 00:16:50.320 causing your private parts to be exposed to people through your obedience to him, 00:16:50.320 --> 00:16:53.759 just as he did with your parents, Adam and Eve, 00:16:53.759 --> 00:16:59.279 driving them out of Paradise through the trickery and deception he plotted against them, 00:16:59.279 --> 00:17:03.279 stripping them of the garments they were wearing, 00:17:03.279 --> 00:17:07.200 to show them their private parts by uncovering them 00:17:07.200 --> 00:17:11.680 and exposing them to their eyes after they had been concealed." 00:17:11.680 --> 00:17:15.519 "Indeed, Satan sees you—he and his tribe and kind— 00:17:15.519 --> 00:17:20.640 from where you, O people, cannot see Satan and his cohort. 00:17:20.640 --> 00:17:26.319 We have made the devils allies to the disbelievers who do not affirm Allah's Oneness 00:17:26.319 --> 00:17:30.349 nor believe in His Messenger." 00:17:30.509 --> 00:17:43.710 “And when they do some lewdness they say: We found our fathers doing it and Allah hath enjoined it on us. Say: Allah, verily, enjoineth not lewdness. Tell ye concerning Allah that which ye know not?” (7:28) 00:17:43.710 --> 00:17:46.750 "And 'Allah has commanded us to do it.'" 00:17:46.750 --> 00:17:54.000 "Say: 'Indeed, Allah does not command immorality. 00:17:54.000 --> 00:18:00.180 Do you say about Allah that which you do not know?'" 00:18:00.259 --> 00:18:04.900 And when those who believe in Allah commit a vile act— 00:18:04.900 --> 00:18:08.420 namely, stripping naked to perform Tawaf around the House— 00:18:08.420 --> 00:18:11.940 “And when they do some lewdness they say: We found our fathers doing it and Allah hath enjoined it on us. Say: Allah, verily, enjoineth not lewdness. Tell ye concerning Allah that which ye know not?” (7:28) 00:18:11.940 --> 00:18:15.650 [they say]: "We do as our forefathers used to do." 00:18:15.650 --> 00:18:22.930 Say, O Muhammad: "Indeed, Allah does not command His creation to commit vile and evil deeds. 00:18:22.930 --> 00:18:29.970 Do you claim regarding Allah that He commanded you to strip naked and disrobe to perform Tawaf, 00:18:29.970 --> 00:18:34.700 when you do not know that He commanded you to do so?" 00:18:34.700 --> 00:18:38.299 “Say: My Lord enjoineth justice. And set your faces upright (toward Him) at every place of worship and call upon Him, making religion pure for Him (only). As He brought you into being, so return ye (unto Him).” (7:29) 00:18:38.299 --> 00:18:48.220 “Say: My Lord enjoineth justice. And set your faces upright (toward Him) at every place of worship and call upon Him, making religion pure for Him (only). As He brought you into being, so return ye (unto Him).” (7:29) 00:18:48.220 --> 00:18:53.259 "As He originated you, so shall you return." 00:18:53.420 --> 00:18:58.220 Say, O Muhammad: "My Lord has not commanded what you claim; 00:18:58.220 --> 00:19:00.460 rather, my Lord has commanded justice." 00:19:00.460 --> 00:19:03.980 “Say: My Lord enjoineth justice. And set your faces upright (toward Him) at every place of worship and call upon Him, making religion pure for Him (only). As He brought you into being, so return ye (unto Him).” (7:29) 00:19:03.980 --> 00:19:08.299 He commanded the people to direct their worship to their Lord in prayer, 00:19:08.299 --> 00:19:13.660 to make their supplication purely for Him—devoid of whistling and clapping— 00:19:13.660 --> 00:19:17.980 and to act for your Lord, sincere to Him in religion and obedience, 00:19:17.980 --> 00:19:20.539 not mixing it with shirk; 00:19:20.539 --> 00:19:27.019 and to affirm that just as Allah originated your creation after you were nothing, 00:19:27.019 --> 00:19:31.549 so shall you return after your demise, created anew as before. 00:19:31.549 --> 00:19:37.230 "A group He guided, and a group deserved misguidance, 00:19:37.230 --> 00:19:44.910 “A party hath He led aright, while error hath just hold over (another) party, for lo! they choose the devils for protecting supporters instead of Allah and deem that they are rightly guided.” (7:30) 00:19:44.910 --> 00:19:54.819 while they reckon that they are rightly guided." 00:19:54.819 --> 00:19:59.700 Allah guided a group among them, granting them success to perform righteous deeds, 00:19:59.700 --> 00:20:01.700 so they are rightly guided; 00:20:01.700 --> 00:20:06.500 while misguidance away from guidance and righteousness was justified against another group 00:20:06.500 --> 00:20:10.660 because they took the devils as allies instead of Allah, 00:20:10.660 --> 00:20:14.579 out of ignorance regarding the error of their ways; 00:20:14.579 --> 00:20:19.460 rather, they did so while assuming they were upon guidance and truth.