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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammar.

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Surah Ghafir.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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"And O my people, how is it that I invite you to salvation,"

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"While you invite me to the Fire?"

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"You invite me to disbelieve in Allah."

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“Ye call me to disbelieve in Allah and ascribe unto Him as partners that whereof I have no knowledge, while I call you unto the Mighty, the Forgiver.” (40:42)

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“Ye call me to disbelieve in Allah and ascribe unto Him as partners that whereof I have no knowledge, while I call you unto the Mighty, the Forgiver.” (40:42)

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The Almighty says,

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Informing us of what this believer said to his people among the disbelievers:

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"How is it that I call you to salvation from the punishment of Allah,"

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"While you call me to the deeds of the people of the Fire?"

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"You call me to disbelieve in Allah,"

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"And to associate idols with Him in worship,"

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"When I have no knowledge that it is appropriate for me to worship them,"

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"Because Allah has not authorized me to do so, neither through revelation nor reason."

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"And I invite you to the worship of the One who is Mighty in His retribution against those who disbelieve in Him,"

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"The Oft-Forgiving to those who repent to Him after disobeying Him."

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"There is no doubt that what you invite me to,"

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"Has no power to answer a call."

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“Assuredly that whereunto ye call me hath no claim in the world or in the Hereafter, and our return will be unto Allah, and the prodigals will be owners of the Fire.” (40:43)

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“Assuredly that whereunto ye call me hath no claim in the world or in the Hereafter, and our return will be unto Allah, and the prodigals will be owners of the Fire.” (40:43)

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“Assuredly that whereunto ye call me hath no claim in the world or in the Hereafter, and our return will be unto Allah, and the prodigals will be owners of the Fire.” (40:43)

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"It is certain that the idols you invite me to,"

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“Assuredly that whereunto ye call me hath no claim in the world or in the Hereafter, and our return will be unto Allah, and the prodigals will be owners of the Fire.” (40:43)

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"And that our return and final destination after our death is to Allah,"

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"And that those who associate partners with Allah and transgress His limits,"

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"Are the companions of the Fire of Hell when we return to Allah."

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“And ye will remember what I say unto you. I confide my cause unto Allah. Lo! Allah is Seer of (His) slaves.” (40:44)

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“And ye will remember what I say unto you. I confide my cause unto Allah. Lo! Allah is Seer of (His) slaves.” (40:44)

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"You will remember, O my people, when you witness the punishment of Allah,"

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"The truth of what I say to you."

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"And I entrust my affair to Allah."

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"Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing of the affairs of His servants,"

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"Both the obedient among them and the disobedient."

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“So Allah warded off from him the evils which they plotted, while a dreadful doom encompassed Pharaoh's folk,” (40:45)

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“So Allah warded off from him the evils which they plotted, while a dreadful doom encompassed Pharaoh's folk,” (40:45)

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"The Fire, they are exposed to it morning and evening."

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“The Fire; they are exposed to it morning and evening; and on the day when the Hour upriseth (it is said): Cause Pharaoh's folk to enter the most awful doom.” (40:46)

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Allah protected this believer,

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From the harm and punishment that Pharaoh used to inflict upon those who opposed him,

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And He saved him from it.

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While the worst of punishments befell the followers of Pharaoh and those who obeyed him.

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The Fire, they are exposed to it after they perished and Allah drowned them.

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Their souls were placed inside the bodies of black birds,

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Which are exposed to the Fire every day twice,

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Morning and evening,

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Until the Hour is established.

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And on the day the Hour is established, it will be said to the family of Pharaoh:

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"Enter, O family of Pharaoh, into the severest punishment."

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“And when they wrangle in the Fire, the weak say unto those who were proud: Lo! we were a following unto you; will ye therefor rid us of a portion of the Fire?” (40:47)

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“And when they wrangle in the Fire, the weak say unto those who were proud: Lo! we were a following unto you; will ye therefor rid us of a portion of the Fire?” (40:47)

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"Will you then relieve us of a portion of the Fire?"

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And when they argue within the Fire,

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The weak among them will say to their leaders:

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"We were followers of yours in the world, following you in disbelief in Allah,"

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"So can you relieve us today of a share of the Fire?"

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"So that you might lighten it for us?"

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"For we were quick to seek your pleasure in the world."

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“Those who were proud say: Lo! we are all (together) herein. Lo! Allah hath judged between (His) slaves.” (40:48)

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Those who were arrogant among the leaders who were followed will say:

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"Indeed, O people, we and you are all abiding eternally in this Fire,"

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"There is no escape for us from it."

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"Allah has judged between the servants with His decisive decree,"

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"He has settled the people of Paradise in Paradise,"

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"And the people of the Fire in the Fire."

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“And those in the Fire say unto the guards of hell: Entreat your Lord that He relieve us of a day of the torment.” (40:49)

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“And those in the Fire say unto the guards of hell: Entreat your Lord that He relieve us of a day of the torment.” (40:49)

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The people of Hell will say to its keepers and guardians:

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"Call upon your Lord to lighten for us, for even one day, the punishment we are in."

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“They say: Came not your messengers unto you with clear proofs? They say: Yea, verily. They say: Then do ye pray, although the prayer of disbelievers is in vain.” (40:50)

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They will say, "Yes."

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They will say, "Then call out yourselves."

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"But the supplication of the disbelievers is nothing but in error."

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The keepers of Hell will say to them:

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"Did your messengers not come to you in the world with clear proofs and arguments?"

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They will say, "Yes, our messengers did come to us with that."

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The keepers will say to them:

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"Then call upon your Lord,"

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"The One to whom the messengers invited you to believe in."

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And they will call out,

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But their supplication will be in vain,

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Because it is a supplication that does not benefit them.

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“Lo! We verily do help Our messengers, and those who believe, in the life of the world and on the day when the witnesses arise,” (40:51)

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“Lo! We verily do help Our messengers, and those who believe, in the life of the world and on the day when the witnesses arise,” (40:51)

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“The day when their excuse availeth not the evil-doers, and theirs is the curse, and theirs the ill abode.” (40:52)

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And for them is the curse, and for them is the worst of homes.

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“Lo! We verily do help Our messengers, and those who believe, in the life of the world and on the day when the witnesses arise,” (40:51)

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Either by granting us victory over those who denied us,

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Or by taking retribution from those who opposed and defied them.

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And on the day the witnesses arise—the angels, the prophets, and the believers—

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Against the nations who denied their messengers, testifying that the messengers delivered the messages of their Lord.

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That is a day when the excuses of the polytheists will not benefit them,

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Because if they offer excuses, they offer nothing but falsehood.

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This is because Allah has already provided them with proof in the world.

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And for the wrongdoers is the curse, which is distance from the mercy of Allah.

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And along with the curse, they have the worst of what is in the Hereafter,

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Which is the painful punishment.

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So ask forgiveness for your sin and glorify the praises of your Lord.

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“Then have patience (O Muhammad). Lo! the promise of Allah is true. And ask forgiveness of thy sin, and hymn the praise of thy Lord at fall of night and in the early hours.” (40:55)

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So be patient, O Muhammad, for the command of your Lord,

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And carry out the message with which He sent you.

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And be certain of the promise of Allah which He promised you.

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And ask Him for the forgiveness of your sins and His pardon for them.

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And perform your prayer with gratitude to your Lord in the evening,

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Which is from the decline of the sun until the night,

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And in the early morning,

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Which is from the break of the second dawn until the sunrise.

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“Lo! those who wrangle concerning the revelations of Allah without a warrant having come unto them, there is naught else in their breasts save pride which they will never attain. So take thou refuge in Allah. Lo! He, only He, is the Hearer, the Seer.” (40:56)

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“Lo! those who wrangle concerning the revelations of Allah without a warrant having come unto them, there is naught else in their breasts save pride which they will never attain. So take thou refuge in Allah. Lo! He, only He, is the Hearer, the Seer.” (40:56)

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“Lo! those who wrangle concerning the revelations of Allah without a warrant having come unto them, there is naught else in their breasts save pride which they will never attain. So take thou refuge in Allah. Lo! He, only He, is the Hearer, the Seer.” (40:56)

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Indeed, those who dispute with you, O Muhammad, regarding the signs He brought them without any proof,

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There is nothing in their hearts but pride, for which they disdain following you,

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Out of envy for the favor that Allah has bestowed upon you.

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And that which they envy you for is something they will neither attain nor reach,

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Because that is the favor of Allah, which He gives to whom He wills.

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So seek refuge in Allah, O Muhammad, from the evil of these people.

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Indeed, Allah is the All-Hearing of what these disputers say regarding the signs of Allah,

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The All-Seeing of what their limbs perform.

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“Assuredly the creation of the heavens and the earth is greater than the creation of mankind; but most of mankind know not.” (40:57)

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But most people do not know.

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The creation of the heavens and the earth, and His bringing them into existence from nothing,

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Is greater, O people, in your estimation than the creation of mankind,

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But most people do not know that the creation of all of that is easy for Allah.

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“And the blind man and the seer are not equal, neither are those who believe and do good works (equal with) the evil-doer. Little do ye reflect!” (40:58)

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Little do you remember.

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And the blind man who does not see anything is not equal,

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Which is a parable for the disbeliever who does not contemplate the proofs of Allah with his eyes,

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To the one who sees with his eyes,

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Which is a parable for the believer who sees the proofs of Allah with his eyes,

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So he reflects upon them and takes heed.

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Nor are the believers in Allah and His Messenger equal,

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To the evildoer, who is the one who disbelieves in his Lord.

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Little do you remember, O people, the proofs of Allah, so you might take heed and be admonished.

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“Lo! the Hour is surely coming, there is no doubt thereof; yet most of mankind believe not.” (40:59)

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Indeed, the Hour in which Allah will resurrect the dead for reward and punishment,

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Is surely coming, O people; there is no doubt in its arrival.

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And you will be resurrected after your death,

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But most of the Quraysh do not believe in its coming.

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And your Lord says, "Call upon Me; I will answer you."

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“And your Lord hath said: Pray unto Me and I will hear your prayer. Lo! those who scorn My service, they will enter hell, disgraced.” (40:60)

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And your Lord says,

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"O people, call upon Me and devote your worship solely to Me,"

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"I will answer your supplication, forgive you, and have mercy upon you."

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Indeed, those who are too arrogant to worship Me alone will enter Hell in humiliation.

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“Allah it is Who hath appointed for you night that ye may rest therein, and day for seeing. Lo! Allah is a Lord of bounty for mankind, yet most of mankind give not thanks.” (40:61)

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Indeed, Allah is full of bounty to the people,

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But most people do not give thanks.

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Allah, to whom alone divinity belongs,

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Whose attribute is that He made for you, O people, the night as a dwelling so that you may rest in it,

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And find tranquility from your activities,

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And made the day bright for you to seek your livelihood.

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Indeed, Allah has not failed to show you favor, O people,

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But most of them do not thank Him through obedience to Him,

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And by dedicating divinity and worship solely to Him.

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“Such is Allah, your Lord, the Creator of all things, There is no Allah save Him. How then are ye perverted?” (40:62)

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There is no deity except Him.

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So how are you deluded?

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“Thus are they perverted who deny the revelations of Allah.” (40:63)

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The One who performed these actions,

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And bestowed this favor upon you, O people,

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Is Allah, your Master and the One who sets your affairs aright.

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He is your Creator and the Creator of all things.

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There is no deity worthy of worship except Him.

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So to what direction are you being turned away?

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And to where are you going away from Him?

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Your turning away from the truth to falsehood has occurred,

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Just as those who were before you among the nations went away,

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Denying the proofs and signs of Allah.

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So you, O company of Quraysh, have followed their path.

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“Allah it is Who appointed for you the earth for a dwelling-place and the sky for a canopy, and fashioned you and perfected your shapes, and hath provided you with good things. Such is Allah, your Lord. Then blessed be Allah, the Lord of the Worlds!” (40:64)

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He is the One who built the sky.

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He built the sky and fashioned you,

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And perfected your forms and provided for you,

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And provided for you from the good things.

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That is Allah, your Lord.

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“Allah it is Who appointed for you the earth for a dwelling-place and the sky for a canopy, and fashioned you and perfected your shapes, and hath provided you with good things. Such is Allah, your Lord. Then blessed be Allah, the Lord of the Worlds!” (40:64)

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Allah, who made for you the earth upon which you dwell,

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A place of settlement for you to reside upon.

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And the sky, He built it and raised it above you,

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And He created you and perfected your creation,

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And provided for you from lawful provisions,

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And from all kinds of food and drink.

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So the One who performed these actions is Allah,

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To whom alone divinity is appropriate.

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And your Lord, to whom alone Lordship is appropriate.

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So blessed is Allah, the Master of all creation.

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“He is the Living One. There is no Allah save Him. So pray unto Him, making religion pure for Him (only). Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds!” (40:65)

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All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds.

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He is the Ever-Living who does not die,

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The Eternal in life.

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There is no deity worthy of worship in truth except Him.

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So call upon Him, O people, while being sincere to Him in obedience,

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Dedicating divinity solely to Him.

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Gratitude is due to Allah, who is the Master of all kinds of creation.