WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.200 --> 00:00:08.039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammar. 00:00:14.539 --> 00:00:16.339 Surah Ghafir. 00:00:18.260 --> 00:00:22.699 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.730 --> 00:00:28.010 "And O my people, how is it that I invite you to salvation," 00:00:28.010 --> 00:00:31.850 "While you invite me to the Fire?" 00:00:32.009 --> 00:00:34.810 "You invite me to disbelieve in Allah." 00:00:34.810 --> 00:00:38.770 “Ye call me to disbelieve in Allah and ascribe unto Him as partners that whereof I have no knowledge, while I call you unto the Mighty, the Forgiver.” (40:42) 00:00:38.770 --> 00:00:43.649 “Ye call me to disbelieve in Allah and ascribe unto Him as partners that whereof I have no knowledge, while I call you unto the Mighty, the Forgiver.” (40:42) 00:00:45.060 --> 00:00:46.899 The Almighty says, 00:00:46.899 --> 00:00:51.299 Informing us of what this believer said to his people among the disbelievers: 00:00:51.299 --> 00:00:54.740 "How is it that I call you to salvation from the punishment of Allah," 00:00:54.740 --> 00:00:57.780 "While you call me to the deeds of the people of the Fire?" 00:00:57.780 --> 00:00:59.979 "You call me to disbelieve in Allah," 00:00:59.979 --> 00:01:02.899 "And to associate idols with Him in worship," 00:01:02.979 --> 00:01:06.180 "When I have no knowledge that it is appropriate for me to worship them," 00:01:06.459 --> 00:01:10.739 "Because Allah has not authorized me to do so, neither through revelation nor reason." 00:01:11.219 --> 00:01:16.420 "And I invite you to the worship of the One who is Mighty in His retribution against those who disbelieve in Him," 00:01:16.859 --> 00:01:21.019 "The Oft-Forgiving to those who repent to Him after disobeying Him." 00:01:22.019 --> 00:01:26.219 "There is no doubt that what you invite me to," 00:01:26.219 --> 00:01:28.180 "Has no power to answer a call." 00:01:28.379 --> 00:01:34.099 “Assuredly that whereunto ye call me hath no claim in the world or in the Hereafter, and our return will be unto Allah, and the prodigals will be owners of the Fire.” (40:43) 00:01:34.099 --> 00:01:40.819 “Assuredly that whereunto ye call me hath no claim in the world or in the Hereafter, and our return will be unto Allah, and the prodigals will be owners of the Fire.” (40:43) 00:01:40.819 --> 00:01:47.219 “Assuredly that whereunto ye call me hath no claim in the world or in the Hereafter, and our return will be unto Allah, and the prodigals will be owners of the Fire.” (40:43) 00:01:48.590 --> 00:01:52.150 "It is certain that the idols you invite me to," 00:01:52.549 --> 00:01:55.909 “Assuredly that whereunto ye call me hath no claim in the world or in the Hereafter, and our return will be unto Allah, and the prodigals will be owners of the Fire.” (40:43) 00:01:56.390 --> 00:02:00.670 "And that our return and final destination after our death is to Allah," 00:02:01.109 --> 00:02:04.670 "And that those who associate partners with Allah and transgress His limits," 00:02:04.909 --> 00:02:08.949 "Are the companions of the Fire of Hell when we return to Allah." 00:02:10.539 --> 00:02:18.219 “And ye will remember what I say unto you. I confide my cause unto Allah. Lo! Allah is Seer of (His) slaves.” (40:44) 00:02:18.539 --> 00:02:24.699 “And ye will remember what I say unto you. I confide my cause unto Allah. Lo! Allah is Seer of (His) slaves.” (40:44) 00:02:26.210 --> 00:02:30.090 "You will remember, O my people, when you witness the punishment of Allah," 00:02:30.289 --> 00:02:32.370 "The truth of what I say to you." 00:02:32.889 --> 00:02:34.729 "And I entrust my affair to Allah." 00:02:35.169 --> 00:02:37.770 "Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing of the affairs of His servants," 00:02:38.050 --> 00:02:40.250 "Both the obedient among them and the disobedient." 00:02:41.939 --> 00:02:45.860 “So Allah warded off from him the evils which they plotted, while a dreadful doom encompassed Pharaoh's folk,” (40:45) 00:02:46.340 --> 00:02:52.060 “So Allah warded off from him the evils which they plotted, while a dreadful doom encompassed Pharaoh's folk,” (40:45) 00:02:52.539 --> 00:02:59.139 "The Fire, they are exposed to it morning and evening." 00:02:59.580 --> 00:03:06.539 “The Fire; they are exposed to it morning and evening; and on the day when the Hour upriseth (it is said): Cause Pharaoh's folk to enter the most awful doom.” (40:46) 00:03:08.020 --> 00:03:10.099 Allah protected this believer, 00:03:10.379 --> 00:03:16.099 From the harm and punishment that Pharaoh used to inflict upon those who opposed him, 00:03:16.500 --> 00:03:17.699 And He saved him from it. 00:03:18.259 --> 00:03:22.580 While the worst of punishments befell the followers of Pharaoh and those who obeyed him. 00:03:23.139 --> 00:03:27.460 The Fire, they are exposed to it after they perished and Allah drowned them. 00:03:27.939 --> 00:03:31.139 Their souls were placed inside the bodies of black birds, 00:03:31.740 --> 00:03:35.099 Which are exposed to the Fire every day twice, 00:03:35.419 --> 00:03:37.060 Morning and evening, 00:03:37.379 --> 00:03:39.099 Until the Hour is established. 00:03:40.050 --> 00:03:43.210 And on the day the Hour is established, it will be said to the family of Pharaoh: 00:03:43.770 --> 00:03:46.969 "Enter, O family of Pharaoh, into the severest punishment." 00:03:48.460 --> 00:03:58.099 “And when they wrangle in the Fire, the weak say unto those who were proud: Lo! we were a following unto you; will ye therefor rid us of a portion of the Fire?” (40:47) 00:03:58.539 --> 00:04:09.620 “And when they wrangle in the Fire, the weak say unto those who were proud: Lo! we were a following unto you; will ye therefor rid us of a portion of the Fire?” (40:47) 00:04:10.020 --> 00:04:18.819 "Will you then relieve us of a portion of the Fire?" 00:04:20.250 --> 00:04:22.329 And when they argue within the Fire, 00:04:22.850 --> 00:04:25.889 The weak among them will say to their leaders: 00:04:26.410 --> 00:04:30.290 "We were followers of yours in the world, following you in disbelief in Allah," 00:04:30.990 --> 00:04:34.550 "So can you relieve us today of a share of the Fire?" 00:04:34.709 --> 00:04:36.430 "So that you might lighten it for us?" 00:04:36.990 --> 00:04:40.629 "For we were quick to seek your pleasure in the world." 00:04:42.050 --> 00:04:52.329 “Those who were proud say: Lo! we are all (together) herein. Lo! Allah hath judged between (His) slaves.” (40:48) 00:04:53.670 --> 00:04:57.029 Those who were arrogant among the leaders who were followed will say: 00:04:57.670 --> 00:05:02.509 "Indeed, O people, we and you are all abiding eternally in this Fire," 00:05:02.949 --> 00:05:04.750 "There is no escape for us from it." 00:05:05.470 --> 00:05:09.189 "Allah has judged between the servants with His decisive decree," 00:05:09.829 --> 00:05:12.029 "He has settled the people of Paradise in Paradise," 00:05:12.389 --> 00:05:14.029 "And the people of the Fire in the Fire." 00:05:15.470 --> 00:05:24.509 “And those in the Fire say unto the guards of hell: Entreat your Lord that He relieve us of a day of the torment.” (40:49) 00:05:24.990 --> 00:05:32.430 “And those in the Fire say unto the guards of hell: Entreat your Lord that He relieve us of a day of the torment.” (40:49) 00:05:34.089 --> 00:05:37.649 The people of Hell will say to its keepers and guardians: 00:05:38.209 --> 00:05:45.889 "Call upon your Lord to lighten for us, for even one day, the punishment we are in." 00:05:47.379 --> 00:05:53.699 “They say: Came not your messengers unto you with clear proofs? They say: Yea, verily. They say: Then do ye pray, although the prayer of disbelievers is in vain.” (40:50) 00:05:54.180 --> 00:05:55.860 They will say, "Yes." 00:05:56.339 --> 00:05:58.339 They will say, "Then call out yourselves." 00:05:58.860 --> 00:06:05.220 "But the supplication of the disbelievers is nothing but in error." 00:06:06.660 --> 00:06:08.699 The keepers of Hell will say to them: 00:06:09.379 --> 00:06:14.139 "Did your messengers not come to you in the world with clear proofs and arguments?" 00:06:14.920 --> 00:06:18.279 They will say, "Yes, our messengers did come to us with that." 00:06:19.069 --> 00:06:20.709 The keepers will say to them: 00:06:21.189 --> 00:06:22.829 "Then call upon your Lord," 00:06:23.149 --> 00:06:26.910 "The One to whom the messengers invited you to believe in." 00:06:27.509 --> 00:06:28.550 And they will call out, 00:06:29.029 --> 00:06:31.509 But their supplication will be in vain, 00:06:31.949 --> 00:06:34.550 Because it is a supplication that does not benefit them. 00:06:36.269 --> 00:06:43.589 “Lo! We verily do help Our messengers, and those who believe, in the life of the world and on the day when the witnesses arise,” (40:51) 00:06:44.069 --> 00:06:49.550 “Lo! We verily do help Our messengers, and those who believe, in the life of the world and on the day when the witnesses arise,” (40:51) 00:06:50.069 --> 00:06:55.110 “The day when their excuse availeth not the evil-doers, and theirs is the curse, and theirs the ill abode.” (40:52) 00:06:55.509 --> 00:07:04.199 And for them is the curse, and for them is the worst of homes. 00:07:04.399 --> 00:07:08.959 “Lo! We verily do help Our messengers, and those who believe, in the life of the world and on the day when the witnesses arise,” (40:51) 00:07:09.560 --> 00:07:13.040 Either by granting us victory over those who denied us, 00:07:13.560 --> 00:07:17.319 Or by taking retribution from those who opposed and defied them. 00:07:17.879 --> 00:07:22.639 And on the day the witnesses arise—the angels, the prophets, and the believers— 00:07:23.000 --> 00:07:30.040 Against the nations who denied their messengers, testifying that the messengers delivered the messages of their Lord. 00:07:30.800 --> 00:07:34.560 That is a day when the excuses of the polytheists will not benefit them, 00:07:35.000 --> 00:07:39.000 Because if they offer excuses, they offer nothing but falsehood. 00:07:39.600 --> 00:07:43.120 This is because Allah has already provided them with proof in the world. 00:07:43.720 --> 00:07:47.959 And for the wrongdoers is the curse, which is distance from the mercy of Allah. 00:07:48.560 --> 00:07:52.000 And along with the curse, they have the worst of what is in the Hereafter, 00:07:52.399 --> 00:07:54.360 Which is the painful punishment. 00:08:32.120 --> 00:08:36.879 So ask forgiveness for your sin and glorify the praises of your Lord. 00:08:37.360 --> 00:08:42.559 “Then have patience (O Muhammad). Lo! the promise of Allah is true. And ask forgiveness of thy sin, and hymn the praise of thy Lord at fall of night and in the early hours.” (40:55) 00:08:44.120 --> 00:08:46.279 So be patient, O Muhammad, for the command of your Lord, 00:08:46.799 --> 00:08:49.679 And carry out the message with which He sent you. 00:08:50.320 --> 00:08:52.720 And be certain of the promise of Allah which He promised you. 00:08:53.279 --> 00:08:56.720 And ask Him for the forgiveness of your sins and His pardon for them. 00:08:57.360 --> 00:09:00.279 And perform your prayer with gratitude to your Lord in the evening, 00:09:00.840 --> 00:09:03.360 Which is from the decline of the sun until the night, 00:09:03.840 --> 00:09:04.840 And in the early morning, 00:09:05.360 --> 00:09:09.440 Which is from the break of the second dawn until the sunrise. 00:09:11.070 --> 00:09:18.029 “Lo! those who wrangle concerning the revelations of Allah without a warrant having come unto them, there is naught else in their breasts save pride which they will never attain. So take thou refuge in Allah. Lo! He, only He, is the Hearer, the Seer.” (40:56) 00:09:18.029 --> 00:09:29.909 “Lo! those who wrangle concerning the revelations of Allah without a warrant having come unto them, there is naught else in their breasts save pride which they will never attain. So take thou refuge in Allah. Lo! He, only He, is the Hearer, the Seer.” (40:56) 00:09:30.350 --> 00:09:39.100 “Lo! those who wrangle concerning the revelations of Allah without a warrant having come unto them, there is naught else in their breasts save pride which they will never attain. So take thou refuge in Allah. Lo! He, only He, is the Hearer, the Seer.” (40:56) 00:09:40.570 --> 00:09:46.769 Indeed, those who dispute with you, O Muhammad, regarding the signs He brought them without any proof, 00:09:47.529 --> 00:09:52.490 There is nothing in their hearts but pride, for which they disdain following you, 00:09:53.169 --> 00:09:56.529 Out of envy for the favor that Allah has bestowed upon you. 00:09:57.340 --> 00:10:02.059 And that which they envy you for is something they will neither attain nor reach, 00:10:02.539 --> 00:10:05.820 Because that is the favor of Allah, which He gives to whom He wills. 00:10:06.700 --> 00:10:10.100 So seek refuge in Allah, O Muhammad, from the evil of these people. 00:10:10.899 --> 00:10:16.259 Indeed, Allah is the All-Hearing of what these disputers say regarding the signs of Allah, 00:10:16.779 --> 00:10:19.700 The All-Seeing of what their limbs perform. 00:10:21.399 --> 00:10:26.559 “Assuredly the creation of the heavens and the earth is greater than the creation of mankind; but most of mankind know not.” (40:57) 00:10:26.559 --> 00:10:31.480 But most people do not know. 00:10:33.370 --> 00:10:37.649 The creation of the heavens and the earth, and His bringing them into existence from nothing, 00:10:38.169 --> 00:10:41.570 Is greater, O people, in your estimation than the creation of mankind, 00:10:42.210 --> 00:10:47.970 But most people do not know that the creation of all of that is easy for Allah. 00:10:49.330 --> 00:10:58.090 “And the blind man and the seer are not equal, neither are those who believe and do good works (equal with) the evil-doer. Little do ye reflect!” (40:58) 00:10:58.490 --> 00:11:02.970 Little do you remember. 00:11:04.500 --> 00:11:07.659 And the blind man who does not see anything is not equal, 00:11:08.179 --> 00:11:12.460 Which is a parable for the disbeliever who does not contemplate the proofs of Allah with his eyes, 00:11:13.179 --> 00:11:15.419 To the one who sees with his eyes, 00:11:16.019 --> 00:11:20.299 Which is a parable for the believer who sees the proofs of Allah with his eyes, 00:11:20.820 --> 00:11:22.980 So he reflects upon them and takes heed. 00:11:23.779 --> 00:11:27.179 Nor are the believers in Allah and His Messenger equal, 00:11:27.620 --> 00:11:30.620 To the evildoer, who is the one who disbelieves in his Lord. 00:11:31.259 --> 00:11:37.179 Little do you remember, O people, the proofs of Allah, so you might take heed and be admonished. 00:11:38.690 --> 00:11:47.970 “Lo! the Hour is surely coming, there is no doubt thereof; yet most of mankind believe not.” (40:59) 00:11:49.539 --> 00:11:54.259 Indeed, the Hour in which Allah will resurrect the dead for reward and punishment, 00:11:54.740 --> 00:11:58.460 Is surely coming, O people; there is no doubt in its arrival. 00:11:59.059 --> 00:12:01.980 And you will be resurrected after your death, 00:12:02.580 --> 00:12:06.779 But most of the Quraysh do not believe in its coming. 00:12:08.279 --> 00:12:12.600 And your Lord says, "Call upon Me; I will answer you." 00:12:13.080 --> 00:12:22.039 “And your Lord hath said: Pray unto Me and I will hear your prayer. Lo! those who scorn My service, they will enter hell, disgraced.” (40:60) 00:12:23.490 --> 00:12:24.850 And your Lord says, 00:12:25.409 --> 00:12:28.649 "O people, call upon Me and devote your worship solely to Me," 00:12:29.210 --> 00:12:32.730 "I will answer your supplication, forgive you, and have mercy upon you." 00:12:33.620 --> 00:12:39.820 Indeed, those who are too arrogant to worship Me alone will enter Hell in humiliation. 00:12:41.139 --> 00:12:48.539 “Allah it is Who hath appointed for you night that ye may rest therein, and day for seeing. Lo! Allah is a Lord of bounty for mankind, yet most of mankind give not thanks.” (40:61) 00:12:49.100 --> 00:12:54.299 Indeed, Allah is full of bounty to the people, 00:12:54.299 --> 00:12:59.500 But most people do not give thanks. 00:13:00.899 --> 00:13:04.059 Allah, to whom alone divinity belongs, 00:13:04.659 --> 00:13:10.299 Whose attribute is that He made for you, O people, the night as a dwelling so that you may rest in it, 00:13:10.779 --> 00:13:12.500 And find tranquility from your activities, 00:13:13.299 --> 00:13:17.059 And made the day bright for you to seek your livelihood. 00:13:17.820 --> 00:13:21.139 Indeed, Allah has not failed to show you favor, O people, 00:13:21.659 --> 00:13:25.220 But most of them do not thank Him through obedience to Him, 00:13:25.620 --> 00:13:28.259 And by dedicating divinity and worship solely to Him. 00:13:29.820 --> 00:13:34.259 “Such is Allah, your Lord, the Creator of all things, There is no Allah save Him. How then are ye perverted?” (40:62) 00:13:34.740 --> 00:13:37.340 There is no deity except Him. 00:13:37.820 --> 00:13:41.379 So how are you deluded? 00:13:41.940 --> 00:13:48.700 “Thus are they perverted who deny the revelations of Allah.” (40:63) 00:13:50.289 --> 00:13:52.330 The One who performed these actions, 00:13:52.769 --> 00:13:56.009 And bestowed this favor upon you, O people, 00:13:56.450 --> 00:13:59.490 Is Allah, your Master and the One who sets your affairs aright. 00:14:00.009 --> 00:14:02.730 He is your Creator and the Creator of all things. 00:14:03.370 --> 00:14:06.210 There is no deity worthy of worship except Him. 00:14:06.889 --> 00:14:08.649 So to what direction are you being turned away? 00:14:08.929 --> 00:14:10.970 And to where are you going away from Him? 00:14:11.779 --> 00:14:14.379 Your turning away from the truth to falsehood has occurred, 00:14:14.860 --> 00:14:18.179 Just as those who were before you among the nations went away, 00:14:18.179 --> 00:14:21.299 Denying the proofs and signs of Allah. 00:14:21.860 --> 00:14:25.299 So you, O company of Quraysh, have followed their path. 00:14:27.059 --> 00:14:32.139 “Allah it is Who appointed for you the earth for a dwelling-place and the sky for a canopy, and fashioned you and perfected your shapes, and hath provided you with good things. Such is Allah, your Lord. Then blessed be Allah, the Lord of the Worlds!” (40:64) 00:14:32.139 --> 00:14:36.419 He is the One who built the sky. 00:14:36.980 --> 00:14:43.179 He built the sky and fashioned you, 00:14:43.179 --> 00:14:46.340 And perfected your forms and provided for you, 00:14:46.899 --> 00:14:51.740 And provided for you from the good things. 00:14:52.299 --> 00:14:55.019 That is Allah, your Lord. 00:14:55.539 --> 00:15:00.100 “Allah it is Who appointed for you the earth for a dwelling-place and the sky for a canopy, and fashioned you and perfected your shapes, and hath provided you with good things. Such is Allah, your Lord. Then blessed be Allah, the Lord of the Worlds!” (40:64) 00:15:01.509 --> 00:15:06.190 Allah, who made for you the earth upon which you dwell, 00:15:06.590 --> 00:15:08.909 A place of settlement for you to reside upon. 00:15:09.590 --> 00:15:12.629 And the sky, He built it and raised it above you, 00:15:13.269 --> 00:15:15.590 And He created you and perfected your creation, 00:15:16.149 --> 00:15:18.269 And provided for you from lawful provisions, 00:15:18.750 --> 00:15:21.309 And from all kinds of food and drink. 00:15:22.029 --> 00:15:24.710 So the One who performed these actions is Allah, 00:15:25.149 --> 00:15:27.830 To whom alone divinity is appropriate. 00:15:28.269 --> 00:15:31.710 And your Lord, to whom alone Lordship is appropriate. 00:15:32.309 --> 00:15:35.429 So blessed is Allah, the Master of all creation. 00:15:37.259 --> 00:15:43.779 “He is the Living One. There is no Allah save Him. So pray unto Him, making religion pure for Him (only). Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds!” (40:65) 00:15:44.379 --> 00:15:48.379 All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds. 00:15:50.100 --> 00:15:51.940 He is the Ever-Living who does not die, 00:15:52.340 --> 00:15:53.620 The Eternal in life. 00:15:54.220 --> 00:15:58.059 There is no deity worthy of worship in truth except Him. 00:15:58.740 --> 00:16:01.779 So call upon Him, O people, while being sincere to Him in obedience, 00:16:02.259 --> 00:16:03.980 Dedicating divinity solely to Him. 00:16:04.580 --> 00:16:08.779 Gratitude is due to Allah, who is the Master of all kinds of creation.