WEBVTT

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

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The Farewell Pilgrimage.

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In the tenth year of the Hijrah,

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on a Saturday,

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with four days remaining in Dhu al-Qa'dah,

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in the tenth year of the Prophet's migration,

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he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prepared for the Hajj.

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On the authority of Ja'far al-Sadiq,

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from Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn 'Ali ibn Abi Talib

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(may Allah be pleased with them), who said:

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I said to Jabir ibn 'Abdillah,

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"Tell me about the Hajj of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)."

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So he gestured with his hand,

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folding nine fingers, and then said:

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"Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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remained nine years in Medina

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without performing Hajj.

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Then it was announced among the people in the tenth year

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that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would perform Hajj.

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Thereupon, a multitude of people arrived in Medina,

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all of them seeking to follow the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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and to perform the rites just as he did.

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So we set out with him until we reached Dhu al-Hulayfah,

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where Asma' bint 'Umays gave birth

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to Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr.

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She sent word to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him):

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'What should I do?'

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He said:

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'Perform a ritual bath (ghusl),

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pad yourself with a cloth, and enter ihram.'

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This is the Sunnah regarding menstruating women and women experiencing postnatal bleeding:

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if her menses or postnatal bleeding begins before her ihram,

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she enters ihram, performs ghusl for ihram, and recites the Talbiyah."

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Jabir said:

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"Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prayed in the mosque,

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and thereafter mounted al-Qaswa'.

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When his camel reached the open plain of al-Bayda',

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I looked as far as my eye could see before him,

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seeing riders and pedestrians,

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and as many on his right,

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as many on his left,

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and as many behind him.

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was among us;

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the Qur'an was descending upon him,

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and he knew its true interpretation.

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Whatever he did, we also did.

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He pronounced the Talbiyah of Tawhid:

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'Labbayk Allahumma labbayk (Here I am, O Allah, here I am),

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labbayka la sharika laka labbayk (here I am, You have no partner, here I am).

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Inna al-hamda wa-n-ni'mata laka wa-l-mulk (Indeed, all praise, grace, and sovereignty belong to You),

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la sharika lak (You have no partner).'

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The people also raised their voices with whatever phrases they wished to chant,

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and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did not object to any of it."

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That is, some people recited the Talbiyah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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while others added different phrases to their Talbiyah,

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such as the saying of some:

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"Labbayka wa-sa'dayk (Here I am, at Your service and ready to obey You),

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wa-l-khayru kulluhu fi yadayk (and all goodness is in Your hands),"

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and the saying of others:

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"Labbayka haqqa haqqa (Here I am, in absolute truth),

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ta'abbudan wa-riqqa (in worship and servitude)."

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Some pronounced the Takbir,

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some pronounced the Tahmid,

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some pronounced the Tahlil,

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and so on.

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He said:

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"Yet the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) adhered strictly to his own Talbiyah."

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Jabir said:

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"We intended nothing but Hajj;

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we were not thinking of 'Umrah,"

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meaning combined with Hajj.

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"Until, when we arrived at the House with him,

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he touched the Corner,

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then walked briskly (ramal) for three circuits and walked normally for four.

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Then he proceeded to the Station of Ibrahim (peace be upon him),

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and recited:

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“And when We made the House (at Makka) a resort for mankind and sanctuary, (saying): Take as your place of worship the place where Abraham stood (to pray). And We imposed a duty upon Abraham and Ishmael, (saying): Purify My house for those who go around and those who meditate therein and those who bow down and prostrate themselves (in worship).” (2:125)

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He placed the Station between himself and the House.

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My father used to say—

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and I know he only narrated it from the Prophet (peace be upon him)—

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that he used to recite in those two rak'ahs:

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“Say: He is Allah, the One!” (112:1)

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and 'Say, O disbelievers...' (Surah al-Kafirun).

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Then he returned to the Corner and touched it,

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after which he went out through the gate toward al-Safa.

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When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) drew near al-Safa, he recited:

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“Lo! (the mountains) As-Safa and Al-Marwah are among the indications of Allah. It is therefore no sin for him who is on pilgrimage to the House (of Allah) or visiteth it, to go around them (as the pagan custom is). And he who doeth good of his own accord, (for him) lo! Allah is Responsive, Aware.” (2:158)

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the verse,

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and then said: 'I begin with that which Allah began with.'

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So he began with al-Safa,

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ascending it until he could see the House.

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He faced the Qiblah, proclaimed the oneness of Allah, magnified Him,

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and said: 'There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, without partner.

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“All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth Allah; unto Him belongeth Sovereignty and unto Him belongeth praise, and He is Able to do all things.” (64:1)

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And He is over all things competent.

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There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone;

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He fulfilled His promise, granted victory to His servant,

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and defeated the confederates alone.'

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Then he supplicated between that,

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repeating such words three times.

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Then he descended toward al-Marwah."

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Many people today have abandoned this Sunnah,

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for they simply walk straight toward al-Marwah,

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and then return down to al-Safa,

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traversing seven times between al-Safa and al-Marwah like this.

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This contradicts the guidance of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

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For the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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is far more deserving and worthy of being followed as much as possible.

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He said: "Then he descended toward al-Marwah,

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and when his feet reached the bottom of the valley, he ran,

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and when the ground ascended, he walked,

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until he arrived at al-Marwah.

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He did on al-Marwah just as he had done on al-Safa,

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until, at the end of his circuits upon al-Marwah,

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he said:

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'Had I known beforehand what I know now,

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I would not have brought the sacrificial animals,

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and I would have made it an 'Umrah.

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So whoever among you does not have a sacrificial animal with him, let him exit ihram

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and make it an 'Umrah.'"

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The Hajj is of three types:

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Ifrad,

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which is performing Hajj alone;

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Qiran,

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which is combining Hajj and 'Umrah together;

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and Tamattu',

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which is performing 'Umrah during the months of Hajj,

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then exiting ihram,

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and subsequently entering ihram for Hajj.

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The correct opinion among the scholars

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is that the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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performed Hajj as a Qarin.

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The scholars have differed

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over which of the pilgrimage rites is superior:

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Ifrad,

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Qiran,

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or Tamattu'.

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Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah

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(may Allah have mercy on him) reconciled these views,

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stating:

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"Each of them holds merit.

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Whoever performs 'Umrah during the months of Hajj

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and then returns to his homeland,

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it is better for him to perform

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Ifrad for Hajj.

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Whoever brings a sacrificial animal,

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it is better for him to perform Hajj as a Qarin.

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And whoever does not bring a sacrificial animal,

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it is better for him to perform Hajj

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as a Mutamatti',

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just as the Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded

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his Companions to do."

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Returning to the hadith

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of Jabir:

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Suraqah ibn Malik ibn Ju'shum stood up

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and asked, "O Messenger of Allah,

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is this for this year of ours

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or forever?"

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meaning the joining of 'Umrah with Hajj.

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Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah

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(peace be upon him) interlaced his fingers, one

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into the other,

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and said, "'Umrah has entered

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into Hajj"—repeating it twice—

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"No,

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rather it is forever and ever."

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Meanwhile, 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him)

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arrived from Yemen

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bringing sacrificial camels for the Prophet (peace be upon him).

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'Ali found

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Fatimah among those who had exited ihram;

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she had put on dyed

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clothes and applied kohl.

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He disapproved of her doing so,

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but she said, "My father

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commanded me to do this."

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He said: Later in Iraq,

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during his caliphate, 'Ali

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used to say:

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"So I went to the Messenger of Allah

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(peace be upon him),

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inciting him against Fatimah

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regarding what she had done,

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seeking a ruling from the Messenger of Allah

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(peace be upon him) concerning what

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she had reported from him.

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I told him that I

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had disapproved of that in her behavior,

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but he said: 'She spoke the truth,

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she spoke the truth.'

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He then asked, 'What did you say when

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you assumed the obligations of Hajj?'

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I said, 'I said:

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O Allah, I enter ihram for that which

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Your Messenger has entered ihram for.'"

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It is recommended for a Muslim to specify the rite

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and name it,

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though this is not considered vocalizing

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the intention (niyyah),

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because the intention resides in the heart.

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It is also permissible not to specify the rite,

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If he were waiting for

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a companion or one of the scholars,

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he would say,

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"I am here, in the same state as so-and-so."

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For ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him,

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did not specify the type of ritual,

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but rather said,

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"I am here, in the same state as

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the Messenger of Allah."

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to him,

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"I have the sacrificial animals with me,

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so do not exit the state of ihram."

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Jabir said,

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"The total number of sacrificial animals

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that ‘Ali brought

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from Yemen, and those brought by

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the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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was one hundred camels."

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The minimum Sunnah

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is for a Muslim to offer a sacrifice

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consisting of a sheep.

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If it is a camel, then this is

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better.

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And the greater the number, the better it is.

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Jabir said,

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"All the people entered the state of ihram

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and shortened their hair,

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except for the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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and those who had sacrificial animals with them."

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When the Day of Tarwiyah arrived,

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they headed toward Mina,

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and they entered the state of ihram for Hajj.

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The Messenger of Allah,

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peace be upon him, rode,

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and he prayed in Mina the Dhuhr, ‘Asr,

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Maghrib, Isha,

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and Fajr prayers,

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shortening them without combining them.

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Then he remained there until

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the sun rose.

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He ordered a tent of hair

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to be pitched for him at Namirah.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out,

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and the Quraysh did not doubt

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that he would

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stand at the Mash'ar al-Haram,

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just as the Quraysh

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used to do in the pre-Islamic era.

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This is because the Quraysh

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would not leave the Sacred Precincts,

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and they called themselves the Hums,

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meaning those who were zealous for their religion,

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and they would never enter ‘Arafah

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at all.

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He said: The Messenger of Allah,

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peace be upon him, proceeded

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until he reached ‘Arafah,

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and he found that the tent had been pitched

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for him at Namirah.

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He stayed there until,

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when the sun had passed its zenith,

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he ordered the Qaswa’ to be saddled

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for him, and he came to

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the bottom of the valley and delivered a sermon.

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He said, "Indeed, your blood

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and your wealth are sacred to you,

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as sacred as this day of yours,

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in this month of yours,

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in this land of yours.

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Beware, everything

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from the affairs of the pre-Islamic era

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is placed beneath my feet.

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Then he, peace be upon him, said,

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'And the blood feuds

00:11:10.830 --> 00:11:12.830
of the pre-Islamic era are abolished.

00:11:12.830 --> 00:11:14.830
The first blood feud I abolish

00:11:14.830 --> 00:11:16.830
from our blood feuds

00:11:16.830 --> 00:11:18.830
is the blood of the son of Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith,'

00:11:18.830 --> 00:11:20.830
who was being nursed among the Banu Sa'd

00:11:20.830 --> 00:11:22.830
when the Hudhayl killed him."

00:11:22.830 --> 00:11:24.960
The Messenger, peace be upon him,

00:11:24.960 --> 00:11:26.960
was establishing

00:11:26.960 --> 00:11:28.960
that the affairs of the pre-Islamic era

00:11:28.960 --> 00:11:30.960
had ended.

00:11:30.960 --> 00:11:32.960
The blood feuds of the pre-Islamic era had ended,

00:11:32.960 --> 00:11:34.960
and the first blood I abolish

00:11:34.960 --> 00:11:36.960
is the blood of my cousin,

00:11:36.960 --> 00:11:38.960
who is the son of Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith

00:11:38.960 --> 00:11:40.960
ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib.

00:11:40.960 --> 00:11:42.960
So he began with his own family, peace be upon him.

00:11:42.960 --> 00:11:45.090
Then he said,

00:11:45.090 --> 00:11:47.090
peace be upon him,

00:11:47.090 --> 00:11:49.090
"And the usury of the pre-Islamic era

00:11:49.090 --> 00:11:51.090
is abolished.

00:11:51.090 --> 00:11:53.090
The first usury I abolish

00:11:53.090 --> 00:11:55.090
is our usury,

00:11:55.090 --> 00:11:57.090
the usury of ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib,

00:11:57.090 --> 00:11:59.149
for it is all abolished.

00:11:59.149 --> 00:12:01.149
So fear Allah regarding women,

00:12:01.149 --> 00:12:03.149
for you have taken them

00:12:03.149 --> 00:12:05.149
by the security of Allah,

00:12:05.149 --> 00:12:07.149
and made their private parts lawful to you

00:12:07.149 --> 00:12:09.149
by the word of Allah.

00:12:09.149 --> 00:12:11.149
You have the right over them that they do not allow

00:12:11.149 --> 00:12:13.149
anyone you dislike to tread upon your bedding.

00:12:13.149 --> 00:12:15.149
If they do that,

00:12:15.149 --> 00:12:17.149
then strike them, but not in a way that causes injury.

00:12:17.149 --> 00:12:19.149
And they have the right over you

00:12:19.149 --> 00:12:21.149
to their provision and clothing

00:12:21.149 --> 00:12:23.149
in a reasonable manner.

00:12:23.149 --> 00:12:25.149
I have left among you that which you will never go astray

00:12:25.149 --> 00:12:27.149
after if you hold fast to it:

00:12:27.149 --> 00:12:29.149
the Book of Allah.

00:12:29.149 --> 00:12:31.149
And you will be asked about me,

00:12:31.149 --> 00:12:33.149
so what will you say?"

00:12:33.149 --> 00:12:35.149
They said,

00:12:35.149 --> 00:12:37.149
"We bear witness that you have conveyed,

00:12:37.149 --> 00:12:39.220
fulfilled, and given counsel."

00:12:39.220 --> 00:12:41.220
He then pointed with his index finger,

00:12:41.220 --> 00:12:43.220
raising it to the sky

00:12:43.220 --> 00:12:45.220
and pointing it toward the people,

00:12:45.220 --> 00:12:47.220
"O Allah, bear witness!

00:12:47.220 --> 00:12:49.220
O Allah, bear witness!

00:12:49.220 --> 00:12:51.220
O Allah, bear witness!"

00:12:51.220 --> 00:12:53.220
Then the adhan was called,

00:12:53.220 --> 00:12:55.220
meaning by Bilal,

00:12:55.220 --> 00:12:57.220
then the iqamah was called,

00:12:57.220 --> 00:12:59.220
and he prayed Dhuhr.

00:12:59.220 --> 00:13:01.220
Then the iqamah was called,

00:13:01.220 --> 00:13:03.220
and he prayed ‘Asr,

00:13:03.220 --> 00:13:05.220
and he did not pray anything between them,

00:13:05.220 --> 00:13:07.220
meaning the regular Sunnah prayer for Dhuhr.

00:13:07.220 --> 00:13:09.220
Then the Messenger of Allah,

00:13:09.220 --> 00:13:11.220
peace be upon him, rode,

00:13:11.220 --> 00:13:13.220
and he positioned the belly of his camel,

00:13:13.220 --> 00:13:15.220
the Qaswa’, toward the rocks,

00:13:15.220 --> 00:13:17.220
which are near the Mount of Mercy

00:13:17.220 --> 00:13:19.220
in ‘Arafah.

00:13:19.220 --> 00:13:21.220
He kept the rope of the camel in front of him

00:13:21.220 --> 00:13:23.220
and faced the Qiblah.

00:13:23.220 --> 00:13:25.220
He remained standing

00:13:25.220 --> 00:13:27.220
until the sun set

00:13:27.220 --> 00:13:29.220
and the yellow light faded slightly,

00:13:29.220 --> 00:13:31.220
until the sun's disk disappeared.

00:13:31.220 --> 00:13:33.220
He had Usamah ride behind him

00:13:33.220 --> 00:13:35.220
on the way to Muzdalifah.

00:13:35.220 --> 00:13:37.220
He pulled the rein of the Qaswa’

00:13:37.220 --> 00:13:39.220
until

00:13:39.220 --> 00:13:41.220
its head touched the pommel of his saddle,

00:13:41.220 --> 00:13:43.220
and he said with his right hand,

00:13:43.220 --> 00:13:45.220
"Tranquility, tranquility!"

00:13:45.220 --> 00:13:47.220
Whenever he came to

00:13:47.220 --> 00:13:49.220
a hill,

00:13:49.220 --> 00:13:51.220
he would loosen the rein slightly

00:13:51.220 --> 00:13:53.220
until he reached Muzdalifah,

00:13:53.220 --> 00:13:55.220
peace be upon him.

00:13:55.220 --> 00:13:57.220
He prayed Maghrib and Isha there

00:13:57.220 --> 00:13:59.220
with one adhan

00:13:59.220 --> 00:14:01.220
and two iqamahs.

00:14:01.220 --> 00:14:03.220
He prayed them together,

00:14:03.220 --> 00:14:05.220
shortening them,

00:14:05.220 --> 00:14:07.220
and he did not pray any voluntary prayers between them.

00:14:07.220 --> 00:14:09.220
He rested until the dawn broke,

00:14:09.220 --> 00:14:11.220
and he prayed Fajr when

00:14:11.220 --> 00:14:13.220
the morning became clear to him,

00:14:13.220 --> 00:14:15.220
with an adhan and an iqamah.

00:14:15.220 --> 00:14:17.220
Then he rode the Qaswa’

00:14:17.220 --> 00:14:19.220
until he reached the Mash'ar al-Haram,

00:14:19.220 --> 00:14:21.220
faced the Qiblah,

00:14:21.220 --> 00:14:23.220
and supplicated to Him, magnified Him,

00:14:23.220 --> 00:14:25.220
declared His oneness, and proclaimed His greatness.

00:14:25.220 --> 00:14:27.220
He remained standing

00:14:27.220 --> 00:14:29.220
until it was very bright.

00:14:29.220 --> 00:14:31.220
Then he departed before the sun rose,

00:14:31.220 --> 00:14:33.220
in opposition to the Quraysh,

00:14:33.220 --> 00:14:35.279
for he opposed them,

00:14:35.279 --> 00:14:37.279
peace be upon him,

00:14:37.279 --> 00:14:39.279
in going to ‘Arafah,

00:14:39.279 --> 00:14:41.279
because they would not go to ‘Arafah,

00:14:41.279 --> 00:14:43.279
as we mentioned earlier.

00:14:43.279 --> 00:14:45.279
They thought that he

00:14:45.279 --> 00:14:47.279
would stand at Muzdalifah like others,

00:14:47.279 --> 00:14:49.279
but he departed to ‘Arafah,

00:14:49.279 --> 00:14:51.279
and they departed with him.

00:14:51.279 --> 00:14:53.279
Then, after that, when

00:14:53.279 --> 00:14:55.279
he returned to Muzdalifah,

00:14:55.279 --> 00:14:57.279
they thought he would remain until

00:14:57.279 --> 00:14:59.279
the sun rose,

00:14:59.279 --> 00:15:01.279
as the Quraysh used to do,

00:15:01.279 --> 00:15:03.279
for they would remain in Muzdalifah.

00:15:04.279 --> 00:15:06.279
But he left Muzdalifah

00:15:06.279 --> 00:15:08.279
before sunrise.

00:15:08.279 --> 00:15:10.500
He said,

00:15:10.500 --> 00:15:12.500
"And he had al-Fadl ibn ‘Abbas ride behind him."

00:15:12.500 --> 00:15:14.500
He was a man with beautiful hair,

00:15:14.500 --> 00:15:16.500
fair-skinned, and handsome.

00:15:16.500 --> 00:15:18.500
When the Messenger of Allah,

00:15:18.500 --> 00:15:20.500
peace be upon him, departed,

00:15:20.500 --> 00:15:22.500
A caravan of women passed by him.

00:15:22.500 --> 00:15:24.500
Al-Fadl began

00:15:24.500 --> 00:15:26.500
to look at them.

00:15:26.500 --> 00:15:28.500
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, placed

00:15:28.500 --> 00:15:30.500
his hand over the face of Al-Fadl.

00:15:30.500 --> 00:15:32.500
So he turned his face

00:15:32.500 --> 00:15:34.500
to the other side to look.

00:15:34.500 --> 00:15:36.500
The Messenger of Allah,

00:15:36.500 --> 00:15:38.500
peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

00:15:38.500 --> 00:15:40.500
moved his hand to the other side.

00:15:40.500 --> 00:15:42.500
Until he reached the valley of Muhassir,

00:15:42.500 --> 00:15:44.500
he moved slightly.

00:15:44.500 --> 00:15:46.539
Then he took the middle path

00:15:46.539 --> 00:15:48.539
that leads out

00:15:48.539 --> 00:15:50.539
to the Jamrat al-Kubra.

00:15:50.539 --> 00:15:52.539
Until he reached the Jamrah that

00:15:52.539 --> 00:15:54.539
is by the tree, and he stoned it

00:15:54.539 --> 00:15:56.539
with seven pebbles, saying the takbir

00:15:56.539 --> 00:15:58.539
with every pebble among them.

00:15:58.539 --> 00:16:00.539
He used a throwing motion.

00:16:01.539 --> 00:16:03.539
Then he went to the place of sacrifice,

00:16:03.539 --> 00:16:05.539
and he sacrificed sixty-three [camels]

00:16:05.539 --> 00:16:07.539
with his own hand.

00:16:07.539 --> 00:16:09.539
Then he gave [the rest] to Ali, who sacrificed

00:16:09.539 --> 00:16:11.539
the remainder.

00:16:11.539 --> 00:16:13.539
And he included him in his sacrificial offering.

00:16:13.539 --> 00:16:15.539
Then he ordered that from every camel

00:16:15.539 --> 00:16:17.539
a piece of meat be taken,

00:16:17.539 --> 00:16:19.539
and it was put into a pot and cooked.

00:16:19.539 --> 00:16:21.539
So he ate from its meat

00:16:21.539 --> 00:16:23.629
and drank from its broth.

00:16:23.629 --> 00:16:25.629
Then he mounted, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

00:16:25.629 --> 00:16:27.629
and proceeded to the House [the Ka'bah],

00:16:27.629 --> 00:16:29.629
where he performed the Tawaf al-Ifadah.

00:16:29.629 --> 00:16:31.629
He prayed Dhuhr in Makkah,

00:16:31.629 --> 00:16:33.629
then he came to the Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib,

00:16:33.629 --> 00:16:35.629
who were drawing water at Zamzam.

00:16:35.629 --> 00:16:37.629
He said,

00:16:37.629 --> 00:16:39.629
"Draw water, O Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib,

00:16:39.629 --> 00:16:41.629
for were it not that people would overwhelm you

00:16:41.629 --> 00:16:43.629
regarding your right to provide water,

00:16:43.629 --> 00:16:45.629
I would have drawn water with you."

00:16:45.629 --> 00:16:47.629
So they handed him a bucket,

00:16:47.629 --> 00:16:49.629
and he drank from it, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.