WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.060 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.139 --> 00:00:08.019 Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari. 00:00:08.609 --> 00:00:12.710 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil bin Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.109 --> 00:00:16.309 Surah al-An'am. 00:00:18.140 --> 00:00:23.500 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.500 --> 00:00:29.399 “And though We should send down the angels unto them, and the dead should speak unto them, and We should gather against them all things in array, they would not believe unless Allah so willed. Howbeit, most of them are ignorant.” (6:111) 00:00:29.399 --> 00:00:34.259 "And [even if] the dead spoke to them..." 00:00:34.299 --> 00:00:43.619 “And though We should send down the angels unto them, and the dead should speak unto them, and We should gather against them all things in array, they would not believe unless Allah so willed. Howbeit, most of them are ignorant.” (6:111) 00:00:43.619 --> 00:00:47.380 "...except if Allah wills." 00:00:47.380 --> 00:00:51.579 "But most of them are ignorant." 00:00:52.869 --> 00:00:57.789 Almighty Allah says, mentioning His words to His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 00:00:58.350 --> 00:01:02.590 How can there be any prosperity for these people who set up idols as equals to their Lord? 00:01:03.030 --> 00:01:08.230 For even if We were to send down the angels to them so that they could see them plainly with their own eyes, 00:01:08.230 --> 00:01:14.989 and the dead were to speak to them by Our resurrecting them as a proof for you and an indication of your prophethood, 00:01:14.989 --> 00:01:18.549 and We gathered all things before them face-to-face, 00:01:18.549 --> 00:01:19.989 —and it is said [concerning the word *qubulan*]: 00:01:19.989 --> 00:01:27.030 "We gathered every species and kind before them"—they still would not believe, 00:01:27.659 --> 00:01:32.659 but most of these polytheists are ignorant of the fact that this is the case. 00:01:32.659 --> 00:01:37.060 They imagine that faith and disbelief are entirely in their own hands, 00:01:37.060 --> 00:01:41.299 so that whenever they wish, they can believe, and whenever they wish, they can disbelieve. 00:01:41.299 --> 00:01:43.500 But the matter is not as they imagine; 00:01:43.500 --> 00:01:45.819 rather, it is entirely in My hand. 00:01:45.819 --> 00:01:52.299 "And thus We have made for every prophet an enemy—" 00:01:52.299 --> 00:01:56.659 "—devils among mankind and jinn..." 00:01:57.060 --> 00:02:07.859 “Thus have We appointed unto every prophet an adversary - devils of humankind and jinn who inspire in one another plausible discourse through guile. If thy Lord willed, they would not do so; so leave them alone with their devising;” (6:112) 00:02:07.859 --> 00:02:13.780 “Thus have We appointed unto every prophet an adversary - devils of humankind and jinn who inspire in one another plausible discourse through guile. If thy Lord willed, they would not do so; so leave them alone with their devising;” (6:112) 00:02:13.780 --> 00:02:18.280 "...So leave them and what they invent." 00:02:18.280 --> 00:02:20.840 And just as We have tested you, O Muhammad, 00:02:20.840 --> 00:02:24.280 by making enemies for you from among the polytheists of your people— 00:02:24.280 --> 00:02:26.680 the devils among mankind and jinn— 00:02:26.719 --> 00:02:31.039 so too We tested the prophets and messengers before you 00:02:31.039 --> 00:02:37.199 by making enemies for them from among their own people, who harmed them through disputation and antagonism. 00:02:37.199 --> 00:02:40.919 He made the rebellious among mankind and jinn enemies to every prophet, 00:02:40.919 --> 00:02:46.759 inspiring one another with speech adorned and embellished with falsehood, 00:02:46.759 --> 00:02:51.039 so that whoever hears it might be deceived by it and stray from the path of Allah. 00:02:51.039 --> 00:02:53.080 And had you wished, O Muhammad, 00:02:53.080 --> 00:02:58.960 for those devils among mankind and jinn who were enemies to the prophets to believe, 00:02:58.960 --> 00:03:00.919 so that their plotting would not reach them, 00:03:00.919 --> 00:03:02.439 I would have done so. 00:03:02.439 --> 00:03:04.919 But I did not so will, 00:03:04.919 --> 00:03:07.479 in order to test some of them by means of others. 00:03:07.479 --> 00:03:15.270 So leave alone the devils who dispute with you using falsehood, along with the slander and lies they fabricate. 00:03:15.310 --> 00:03:21.669 "And so that the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter may incline toward it..." 00:03:21.669 --> 00:03:32.000 “That the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter may incline thereto, and that they may take pleasure therein, and that they may earn what they are earning.” (6:113) 00:03:32.000 --> 00:03:38.759 Some of these devils inspire others with false speech to deceive the believers therewith, 00:03:38.759 --> 00:03:43.159 and so that the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter may incline toward it, 00:03:43.159 --> 00:03:48.849 and so that they may be pleased with it and commit whatever sins they are committing. 00:03:48.849 --> 00:03:58.610 “Shall I seek other than Allah for judge, when He it is Who hath revealed unto you (this) Scripture, fully explained? Those unto whom We gave the Scripture (aforetime) know that it is revealed from thy Lord in truth. So be not thou (O Muhammad) of the waverers.” (6:114) 00:03:58.610 --> 00:04:09.009 “Shall I seek other than Allah for judge, when He it is Who hath revealed unto you (this) Scripture, fully explained? Those unto whom We gave the Scripture (aforetime) know that it is revealed from thy Lord in truth. So be not thou (O Muhammad) of the waverers.” (6:114) 00:04:09.009 --> 00:04:15.270 "...so do not be among the doubters." 00:04:15.270 --> 00:04:21.829 Allah has judged regarding me by revealing mention of your gods that deters people from worshipping them, 00:04:21.829 --> 00:04:27.430 so it is not for me to transgress His judgment, for there is no judge more just than Him. 00:04:27.430 --> 00:04:36.110 He it is who sent down to you the Qur'an, explaining clearly in it the judgment concerning that which you and I differ upon. 00:04:36.149 --> 00:04:41.029 Those to whom We gave the Torah and the Gospel from among the Children of Israel 00:04:41.029 --> 00:04:47.709 know that the Qur'an is sent down from your Lord as a decisive criterion between the people of truth and falsehood. 00:04:47.709 --> 00:04:55.649 So do not be, O Muhammad, among those who doubt the reality of the news that has come to you from Allah. 00:04:55.649 --> 00:05:02.290 "And the word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and justice." 00:05:02.290 --> 00:05:11.100 "None can alter His words, and He is the Hearing, the Knowing." 00:05:11.100 --> 00:05:16.300 The word of your Lord—that is, the Qur'an—is complete in its truthfulness and justice; 00:05:16.300 --> 00:05:20.540 there is none to alter what He has informed of, such that its fulfillment would be nullified. 00:05:20.540 --> 00:05:23.579 And Allah is All-Hearing of what they say, 00:05:23.579 --> 00:05:28.160 All-Knowing of the ultimate outcome of His servants' affairs. 00:05:28.160 --> 00:05:37.279 “If thou obeyedst most of those on earth they would mislead thee far from Allah's way. They follow naught but an opinion, and they do but guess.” (6:116) 00:05:37.279 --> 00:05:46.399 "They follow nothing but conjecture, and they do nothing but lie." 00:05:46.399 --> 00:05:48.759 “If thou obeyedst most of those on earth they would mislead thee far from Allah's way. They follow naught but an opinion, and they do but guess.” (6:116) 00:05:48.759 --> 00:05:51.800 Should I follow their straying, I would go astray and become like them, 00:05:51.800 --> 00:05:55.800 for they do not call you to guidance, having strayed from it themselves. 00:05:55.839 --> 00:06:01.079 Thus, in their conduct, they rely upon speculation and assumption regarding the correctness of their resolve, 00:06:01.079 --> 00:06:03.720 even though it is erroneous in reality. 00:06:03.720 --> 00:06:08.339 They are nothing but conjecturers who merely guess. 00:06:08.339 --> 00:06:15.860 “Lo! thy Lord, He knoweth best who erreth from His way; and He knoweth best (who are) the rightly guided.” (6:117) 00:06:15.860 --> 00:06:20.509 "...and He is most knowing of the guided." 00:06:20.509 --> 00:06:22.550 Indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad— 00:06:22.550 --> 00:06:25.550 who forbade you to obey these people— 00:06:25.589 --> 00:06:28.629 is more knowledgeable than you and all His creation 00:06:28.629 --> 00:06:32.870 as to which of His creation strays from His path through adorned speech, 00:06:32.870 --> 00:06:36.790 which the devils inspire one another with. 00:06:36.790 --> 00:06:39.230 And He is also more knowledgeable than you and them 00:06:39.230 --> 00:06:42.310 as to who is upon uprightness and correctness; 00:06:42.310 --> 00:06:45.980 not a single one of them is hidden from Him. 00:06:45.980 --> 00:06:50.579 “Eat of that over which the name of Allah hath been mentioned, if ye are believers in His revelations.” (6:118) 00:06:50.579 --> 00:06:57.819 “Eat of that over which the name of Allah hath been mentioned, if ye are believers in His revelations.” (6:118) 00:06:57.819 --> 00:07:02.459 So eat, O believers, from that of your slaughtered animals upon which you have pronounced Allah's name, 00:07:02.459 --> 00:07:05.300 if you are in the proofs of Allah that have come to you, 00:07:05.300 --> 00:07:08.779 His signs regarding the lawfulness of what I have made lawful for you, 00:07:08.779 --> 00:07:12.779 and the prohibition of what I have forbidden to you, true believers. 00:07:12.779 --> 00:07:19.470 And leave aside the adorned speech that the devils inspire one another with. 00:07:19.470 --> 00:07:25.550 “How should ye not eat of that over which the name of Allah hath been mentioned, when He hath explained unto you that which is forbidden unto you unless ye are compelled thereto. But lo! many are led astray by their own lusts through ignorance. Lo! thy Lord, He is Best Aware of the transgressors.” (6:119) 00:07:25.550 --> 00:07:32.829 “How should ye not eat of that over which the name of Allah hath been mentioned, when He hath explained unto you that which is forbidden unto you unless ye are compelled thereto. But lo! many are led astray by their own lusts through ignorance. Lo! thy Lord, He is Best Aware of the transgressors.” (6:119) 00:07:32.829 --> 00:07:36.430 "...except what you are compelled to." 00:07:36.430 --> 00:07:44.790 “How should ye not eat of that over which the name of Allah hath been mentioned, when He hath explained unto you that which is forbidden unto you unless ye are compelled thereto. But lo! many are led astray by their own lusts through ignorance. Lo! thy Lord, He is Best Aware of the transgressors.” (6:119) 00:07:44.790 --> 00:07:52.709 “How should ye not eat of that over which the name of Allah hath been mentioned, when He hath explained unto you that which is forbidden unto you unless ye are compelled thereto. But lo! many are led astray by their own lusts through ignorance. Lo! thy Lord, He is Best Aware of the transgressors.” (6:119) 00:07:52.709 --> 00:07:57.709 And what should prevent you from eating of that over which Allah's name has been mentioned, 00:07:57.709 --> 00:08:02.470 when He has explained to you in detail what is lawful and what is unlawful among your foods? 00:08:02.470 --> 00:08:07.509 And whatever forbidden foods we are compelled to eat are lawful for us 00:08:07.509 --> 00:08:12.310 as long as we are compelled, until the necessity ceases. 00:08:12.350 --> 00:08:19.189 Yet indeed, many people dispute with you regarding the eating of what Allah has forbidden to you, O believers, 00:08:19.189 --> 00:08:26.189 to lead their followers astray through their desires without any proof for that over which they dispute. 00:08:26.189 --> 00:08:33.470 Indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad, is most knowing of those who transgress His limits, crossing them to disobey Him, 00:08:33.470 --> 00:08:36.700 and He is ever watchful over them. 00:08:36.700 --> 00:08:40.620 “Forsake the outwardness of sin and the inwardness thereof. Lo! those who garner sin will be awarded that which they have earned.” (6:120) 00:08:40.620 --> 00:08:49.860 “Forsake the outwardness of sin and the inwardness thereof. Lo! those who garner sin will be awarded that which they have earned.” (6:120) 00:08:51.100 --> 00:08:55.299 And abandon, O people, sin whether committed openly or in secret. 00:08:55.299 --> 00:08:59.139 Indeed, those who commit what Allah has forbidden them 00:08:59.139 --> 00:09:06.269 Allah will recompense them on the Day of Resurrection for the acts of disobedience they used to commit in the worldly life. 00:09:06.269 --> 00:09:15.389 “And eat not of that whereon Allah's name hath not been mentioned, for lo! it is abomination. Lo! the devils do inspire their minions to dispute with you. But if ye obey them, ye will be in truth idolaters.” (6:121) 00:09:15.389 --> 00:09:24.590 “And eat not of that whereon Allah's name hath not been mentioned, for lo! it is abomination. Lo! the devils do inspire their minions to dispute with you. But if ye obey them, ye will be in truth idolaters.” (6:121) 00:09:24.590 --> 00:09:32.029 “And eat not of that whereon Allah's name hath not been mentioned, for lo! it is abomination. Lo! the devils do inspire their minions to dispute with you. But if ye obey them, ye will be in truth idolaters.” (6:121) 00:09:33.059 --> 00:09:36.379 And do not eat, O believers, of carrion that has died a natural death 00:09:36.419 --> 00:09:38.539 and which you yourselves have not slaughtered, 00:09:38.539 --> 00:09:41.860 for eating it is an act of disobedience and disbelief. 00:09:41.860 --> 00:09:48.620 Indeed, the devils inspire their allies to dispute with you regarding their declaring the consumption of carrion lawful. 00:09:48.620 --> 00:09:53.700 And if you obey them in eating carrion and what your Lord has forbidden you, 00:09:53.700 --> 00:09:55.980 then you are indeed like them; 00:09:55.980 --> 00:10:00.100 for since these people eat carrion declaring it lawful, 00:10:00.100 --> 00:10:03.809 you would become polytheists just like them. 00:10:03.850 --> 00:10:20.129 “Is he who was dead and We have raised him unto life, and set for him a light wherein he walketh among men, as him whose similitude is in utter darkness whence he cannot emerge? Thus is their conduct made fairseeming for the disbelievers.” (6:122) 00:10:20.129 --> 00:10:28.090 “Is he who was dead and We have raised him unto life, and set for him a light wherein he walketh among men, as him whose similitude is in utter darkness whence he cannot emerge? Thus is their conduct made fairseeming for the disbelievers.” (6:122) 00:10:28.090 --> 00:10:35.289 “Is he who was dead and We have raised him unto life, and set for him a light wherein he walketh among men, as him whose similitude is in utter darkness whence he cannot emerge? Thus is their conduct made fairseeming for the disbelievers.” (6:122) 00:10:35.289 --> 00:10:44.350 Or is he who was a disbeliever—being like a dead person due to his turning away from obedience to Him and his ignorance of His Oneness— 00:10:44.350 --> 00:10:52.830 whom We then guided to Islam and granted a light by which he walks upon the straight path, 00:10:52.830 --> 00:10:57.029 like one whose likeness is in total darkness, not knowing where to turn 00:10:57.110 --> 00:11:00.019 nor finding a way out of it? 00:11:00.019 --> 00:11:05.580 Just as I have forsaken this disbeliever who disputes with you regarding eating what I have forbidden to you, 00:11:05.580 --> 00:11:07.659 making his evil deeds appear fair-seeming to him, 00:11:07.659 --> 00:11:15.159 so too I have made fair-seeming to others who disbelieved in Allah and His signs the acts of disobedience they were committing. 00:11:15.159 --> 00:11:23.480 “And thus have We made in every city great ones of its wicked ones, that they should plot therein. They do but plot against themselves, though they perceive not.” (6:123) 00:11:23.480 --> 00:11:30.799 “And thus have We made in every city great ones of its wicked ones, that they should plot therein. They do but plot against themselves, though they perceive not.” (6:123) 00:11:30.799 --> 00:11:35.289 And just as We made fair-seeming to the disbelievers what they used to do, 00:11:35.289 --> 00:11:42.169 so also We placed in every city its greatest criminals from among the people of polytheism, 00:11:42.169 --> 00:11:47.250 to scheme therein with deceitful speech or false deeds. 00:11:47.250 --> 00:11:51.330 But their scheming backfires on none but themselves, 00:11:51.649 --> 00:11:56.450 though they do not perceive what painful punishment Allah has prepared for them, 00:11:56.450 --> 00:12:01.940 so they persist in their transgression and defiance against Allah. 00:12:01.940 --> 00:12:08.299 “And when a token cometh unto them, they say: We will not believe till we are given that which Allah's messengers are given. Allah knoweth best with whom to place His message. Humiliation from Allah and heavy punishment will smite the guilty for their scheming.” (6:124) 00:12:08.299 --> 00:12:16.659 “And when a token cometh unto them, they say: We will not believe till we are given that which Allah's messengers are given. Allah knoweth best with whom to place His message. Humiliation from Allah and heavy punishment will smite the guilty for their scheming.” (6:124) 00:12:16.659 --> 00:12:21.220 “And when a token cometh unto them, they say: We will not believe till we are given that which Allah's messengers are given. Allah knoweth best with whom to place His message. Humiliation from Allah and heavy punishment will smite the guilty for their scheming.” (6:124) 00:12:21.220 --> 00:12:26.620 “And when a token cometh unto them, they say: We will not believe till we are given that which Allah's messengers are given. Allah knoweth best with whom to place His message. Humiliation from Allah and heavy punishment will smite the guilty for their scheming.” (6:124) 00:12:26.620 --> 00:12:38.259 “And when a token cometh unto them, they say: We will not believe till we are given that which Allah's messengers are given. Allah knoweth best with whom to place His message. Humiliation from Allah and heavy punishment will smite the guilty for their scheming.” (6:124) 00:12:39.399 --> 00:12:43.519 And whenever a sign comes to these polytheists from Allah, 00:12:43.519 --> 00:12:46.799 proving the truth of what Muhammad brought them, 00:12:46.840 --> 00:12:52.799 they say, "We will never believe in that to which Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) calls us— 00:12:52.799 --> 00:12:59.799 namely faith in him—until we are given miracles like those given to Moses and Jesus." 00:12:59.799 --> 00:13:04.879 But I am most knowing of where to place My messages and who is worthy of them, 00:13:04.879 --> 00:13:10.320 so it is not for you, O polytheists, to choose that over Me. 00:13:10.360 --> 00:13:13.879 There will afflict those who committed sin, O Muhammad, 00:13:13.879 --> 00:13:16.919 humiliation and disgrace from Allah 00:13:16.919 --> 00:13:21.759 because of the evil plots they used to scheme against Islam and its people through false disputation 00:13:21.759 --> 00:13:24.940 and adorned speech. 00:13:24.940 --> 00:13:34.019 “And whomsoever it is Allah's will to guide, He expandeth his bosom unto the Surrender, and whomsoever it is His Will to send astray, He maketh his bosom close and narrow as if he were engaged in sheer ascent. Thus Allah layeth ignominy upon those who believe not.” (6:125) 00:13:34.019 --> 00:13:46.379 “And whomsoever it is Allah's will to guide, He expandeth his bosom unto the Surrender, and whomsoever it is His Will to send astray, He maketh his bosom close and narrow as if he were engaged in sheer ascent. Thus Allah layeth ignominy upon those who believe not.” (6:125) 00:13:46.379 --> 00:13:52.539 “And whomsoever it is Allah's will to guide, He expandeth his bosom unto the Surrender, and whomsoever it is His Will to send astray, He maketh his bosom close and narrow as if he were engaged in sheer ascent. Thus Allah layeth ignominy upon those who believe not.” (6:125) 00:13:52.539 --> 00:14:00.539 “And whomsoever it is Allah's will to guide, He expandeth his bosom unto the Surrender, and whomsoever it is His Will to send astray, He maketh his bosom close and narrow as if he were engaged in sheer ascent. Thus Allah layeth ignominy upon those who believe not.” (6:125) 00:14:00.539 --> 00:14:03.820 Whomsoever Allah wills to guide to faith, 00:14:03.820 --> 00:14:07.340 He opens his breast to it and makes it easy for him, 00:14:07.340 --> 00:14:12.460 so that Islam illuminates his heart and his breast expands for it. 00:14:12.460 --> 00:14:14.899 But whomsoever Allah wills to misguide, 00:14:14.899 --> 00:14:21.340 He makes his breast—by forsaking him and allowing disbelief to overcome him—exceedingly tight and constricted, 00:14:21.340 --> 00:14:25.860 so that the light of faith cannot penetrate it due to its intense tightness. 00:14:25.860 --> 00:14:32.340 It is as though the disbeliever's heart, in its extreme constriction and closure against reaching Allah, 00:14:32.379 --> 00:14:37.019 were like his inability to climb up into the sky and his utter helplessness to do so. 00:14:37.019 --> 00:14:41.500 In this manner Allah gives Satan power over him and his likes 00:14:41.500 --> 00:14:44.700 among those who refuse to believe in Allah and His Messenger, 00:14:44.700 --> 00:14:48.960 so he misguides him and turns him away from the path of Allah. 00:14:48.960 --> 00:14:53.360 “This is the path of thy Lord, a straight path. We have detailed Our revelations for a people who take heed.” (6:126) 00:14:53.360 --> 00:15:00.940 “This is the path of thy Lord, a straight path. We have detailed Our revelations for a people who take heed.” (6:126) 00:15:00.940 --> 00:15:06.539 And this which We have explained to you, O Muhammad, in this surah and others 00:15:06.539 --> 00:15:11.700 is the path of your Lord, which He has made straight with no crookedness in it. 00:15:11.700 --> 00:15:15.940 We have indeed explained the signs and proofs establishing the truth of that 00:15:15.940 --> 00:15:20.899 for those who remember the signs and lessons by which Allah established His proof against them, 00:15:20.899 --> 00:15:24.360 so that they may take heed thereby. 00:15:24.360 --> 00:15:28.600 Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.