WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 *Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn* (The Meadows of the Righteous) from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:21.460 Chapter: Honoring the Household of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and clarifying their virtue. 00:00:21.460 --> 00:00:32.530 “And stay in your houses. Bedizen not yourselves with the bedizenment of the Time of Ignorance. Be regular in prayer, and pay the poor-due, and obey Allah and His messenger. Allah's wish is but to remove uncleanness far from you, O Folk of the Household, and cleanse you with a thorough cleansing.” (33:33) 00:00:32.530 --> 00:00:40.659 And the Exalted said: "And whoever honors the sacred symbols of Allah—it is surely from the piety of the hearts." 00:00:40.659 --> 00:00:50.840 On the authority of Yazīd ibn Ḥayyān, who said: I set out along with Ḥuṣayn ibn Sabrah and 'Umar ibn Muslim 00:00:50.840 --> 00:00:58.840 to Zayd ibn Arqam (may Allah be pleased with them). When we sat with him, Ḥuṣayn said to him: 00:00:58.840 --> 00:01:06.870 "You have indeed encountered immense good, O Zayd! You saw the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:01:06.870 --> 00:01:15.870 heard his hadith, fought alongside him in battle, and prayed behind him. You have indeed encountered immense good, O Zayd! 00:01:15.870 --> 00:01:22.099 Relate to us, O Zayd, what you heard from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him." 00:01:22.099 --> 00:01:29.189 He replied: "O son of my brother, by Allah, my age has advanced, my time has grown distant, 00:01:29.189 --> 00:01:35.189 and I have forgotten some of what I used to retain from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:01:35.189 --> 00:01:42.189 So whatever I relate to you, accept it, and whatever I do not, do not burden me with it." 00:01:42.189 --> 00:01:49.319 He then said: "One day, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, stood up to deliver a sermon among us 00:01:49.319 --> 00:01:54.319 at a water spring called Khumm, between Mecca and Medina. 00:01:54.319 --> 00:01:59.319 He praised Allah, extolled Him, exhorted the people, and reminded them. 00:01:59.319 --> 00:02:06.319 Then he said: 'To proceed: Hearken, O people, for I am only a human being. 00:02:06.319 --> 00:02:10.319 The messenger of my Lord is soon to come to me, and I shall answer. 00:02:10.319 --> 00:02:16.319 And I am leaving among you two weighty trusts: the first of them is the Book of Allah; 00:02:16.319 --> 00:02:22.319 in it is guidance and light, so take hold of the Book of Allah and adhere firmly to it.' 00:02:22.319 --> 00:02:26.319 Thus, he urged adherence to the Book of Allah and encouraged devotion to it. 00:02:26.319 --> 00:02:33.349 Then he said: 'And the people of my household! I remind you of Allah regarding the people of my household! 00:02:33.349 --> 00:02:37.349 I remind you of Allah regarding the people of my household!'" 00:02:37.349 --> 00:02:42.379 Ḥuṣayn said to him: "And who are the people of his household, O Zayd? 00:02:42.379 --> 00:02:45.379 Are his wives not of the people of his household?" 00:02:45.379 --> 00:02:49.379 He replied: "His wives are of the people of his household, 00:02:49.379 --> 00:02:53.379 but the people of his household are those who were forbidden from receiving zakat and charity after him." 00:02:53.379 --> 00:02:56.509 He asked: "And who are they?" 00:02:56.509 --> 00:03:04.509 He answered: "They are the family of 'Alī, the family of 'Aqīl, the family of Ja'far, and the family of 'Abbās." 00:03:04.509 --> 00:03:08.509 He asked: "All of these were forbidden from receiving charity?" 00:03:08.509 --> 00:03:10.509 He said: "Yes." 00:03:10.509 --> 00:03:12.580 Narrated by Muslim. 00:03:12.580 --> 00:03:14.669 In another narration: 00:03:14.669 --> 00:03:17.699 "Hearken! I am leaving among you two weighty trusts: 00:03:17.699 --> 00:03:22.699 one of them is the Book of Allah, and it is the rope of Allah; 00:03:22.699 --> 00:03:25.699 whoever follows it will be upon guidance, 00:03:25.699 --> 00:03:29.699 and whoever abandons it will be upon misguidance." 00:03:29.699 --> 00:03:33.409 "A'ī" means: I remember and retain. 00:03:33.409 --> 00:03:37.729 "Mā' Khumm" is a location between Mecca and Medina, 00:03:37.729 --> 00:03:40.729 in which there is a well-known pool (ghadīr). 00:03:40.729 --> 00:03:43.979 "The messenger of my Lord is soon to come": 00:03:43.979 --> 00:03:46.979 meaning the Angel of Death is near to arriving, 00:03:46.979 --> 00:03:49.979 summoning me to the meeting with Allah. 00:03:49.979 --> 00:03:53.750 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:03:53.750 --> 00:03:57.750 The commendability of praising a scholar with qualities befitting him, 00:03:57.750 --> 00:04:01.750 and praying for him before seeking knowledge from him. 00:04:01.750 --> 00:04:06.750 For this reason, flattery is only permissible when seeking knowledge. 00:04:06.750 --> 00:04:10.199 The Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:04:10.199 --> 00:04:13.199 are people of virtue and righteousness. 00:04:13.199 --> 00:04:16.620 It is permissible for a scholar to excuse himself to his listeners 00:04:16.620 --> 00:04:19.620 before relating hadiths to them, concerning any inadvertent error or slip 00:04:19.620 --> 00:04:23.189 that might occur on his part. 00:04:23.189 --> 00:04:27.189 Old age is a cause for forgetfulness and weakening of memory. 00:04:27.189 --> 00:04:29.670 A scholar ought 00:04:29.670 --> 00:04:32.670 only to narrate what he knows with certainty, 00:04:32.670 --> 00:04:35.670 and it is not permissible to speak without knowledge. 00:04:35.670 --> 00:04:39.180 A seeker of knowledge should not embarrass his teacher, 00:04:39.180 --> 00:04:43.180 nor burden him with what he cannot bear to answer, 00:04:43.180 --> 00:04:47.180 if he sees that his teacher is content with what he has already related. 00:04:47.180 --> 00:04:51.629 It is commendable for a scholar to seize opportune moments 00:04:51.629 --> 00:04:54.629 to teach his companions and remind them. 00:04:54.629 --> 00:04:58.240 A scholar ought to instruct his followers 00:04:58.240 --> 00:05:01.240 with that which will rectify their affairs after he is gone. 00:05:01.240 --> 00:05:04.720 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:05:04.720 --> 00:05:08.720 is a mortal whom death overtakes just as it overtakes all human beings. 00:05:08.720 --> 00:05:10.850 The Exalted said: 00:05:10.850 --> 00:05:15.850 “Lo! thou wilt die, and lo! they will die;” (39:30) 00:05:15.850 --> 00:05:19.420 The obligation of holding fast to the Book of Allah, 00:05:19.420 --> 00:05:22.420 for it is Allah's firm rope 00:05:22.420 --> 00:05:24.420 and the straight path; 00:05:24.420 --> 00:05:26.420 whoever follows it is guided, 00:05:26.420 --> 00:05:29.420 and whoever abandons it remains in misguidance. 00:05:29.420 --> 00:05:33.839 The injunction to care for the family of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:05:34.839 --> 00:05:37.839 and the requirement to attend to their affairs. 00:05:37.839 --> 00:05:41.540 The wives of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:05:41.540 --> 00:05:43.540 are among the members of his household. 00:05:43.540 --> 00:05:46.930 Charity is forbidden for the Prophet's household, 00:05:46.930 --> 00:05:50.930 and only the one-fifth share of the spoils of war was made lawful for them. 00:05:50.930 --> 00:05:56.139 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:05:56.139 --> 00:05:59.139 from Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:05:59.139 --> 00:06:01.139 as a mawqūf narration, 00:06:01.139 --> 00:06:03.139 that he said: 00:06:03.139 --> 00:06:07.139 "Show reverence to Muḥammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:06:07.139 --> 00:06:09.139 regarding the people of his household." 00:06:09.139 --> 00:06:11.269 Narrated by al-Bukhārī. 00:06:11.269 --> 00:06:13.399 The meaning of "Show reverence to": 00:06:13.399 --> 00:06:17.399 Respect him, honor him, and venerate him. 00:06:17.399 --> 00:06:19.399 And Allah knows best. 00:06:19.399 --> 00:06:22.100 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:06:22.100 --> 00:06:27.300 Venerating the household of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:06:27.300 --> 00:06:30.300 honoring them, and showing loyalty to them. 00:06:30.300 --> 00:06:33.810 The recognition by the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) 00:06:33.810 --> 00:06:35.810 of the rights of the Prophet's household, 00:06:35.810 --> 00:06:40.810 particularly the two elders, Abū Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). 00:06:40.810 --> 00:06:47.560 Chapter: Reverence for Scholars, Elders, and People of Virtue, 00:06:47.560 --> 00:06:50.560 giving them precedence over others, 00:06:50.560 --> 00:06:52.560 elevating their seating places, 00:06:52.560 --> 00:06:54.560 and manifesting their elevated rank. 00:06:54.560 --> 00:06:58.420 Allah the Exalted said: 00:06:58.420 --> 00:07:03.420 “Is he who payeth adoration in the watches of the night, prostrate and standing, bewaring of the Hereafter and hoping for the mercy of his Lord, (to be accounted equal with a disbeliever)? Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Are those who know equal with those who know not? But only men of understanding will pay heed.” (39:9) 00:07:03.420 --> 00:07:07.420 "Only people of understanding will take heed." 00:07:07.420 --> 00:07:10.670 On the authority of Abū Mas'ūd 00:07:10.670 --> 00:07:15.670 'Uqbah ibn 'Amr al-Badrī al-Anṣārī (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:07:15.670 --> 00:07:19.670 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:07:19.670 --> 00:07:22.670 "The people are to be led in prayer by the one among them who is most proficient in the Book of Allah. 00:07:22.670 --> 00:07:25.670 If they are equal in recitation, 00:07:25.670 --> 00:07:28.670 then by the one most knowledgeable in the Sunnah. 00:07:28.670 --> 00:07:31.670 If they are equal in knowledge of the Sunnah, 00:07:31.670 --> 00:07:33.670 then by the earliest of them to have emigrated. 00:07:33.670 --> 00:07:36.670 If they are equal in emigration, 00:07:36.670 --> 00:07:38.670 then by the eldest of them in age. 00:07:38.670 --> 00:07:42.670 A man must not lead another man in prayer in his place of authority, 00:07:42.670 --> 00:07:47.670 nor sit in his house upon his honored seat except with his permission." 00:07:47.670 --> 00:07:49.740 Narrated by Muslim. 00:07:49.740 --> 00:07:51.860 And in another narration: 00:07:51.860 --> 00:07:53.860 "the earliest of them in acceptance of Islam" 00:07:53.860 --> 00:07:55.860 instead of "eldest in age," 00:07:55.860 --> 00:07:57.990 or "earliest in entering Islam." 00:07:57.990 --> 00:07:59.990 And in another narration: 00:07:59.990 --> 00:08:02.990 "The people are to be led in prayer by the one among them who is most proficient in the Book of Allah 00:08:02.990 --> 00:08:04.990 and the earliest of them in recitation. 00:08:04.990 --> 00:08:07.990 If they are equal in recitation, 00:08:07.990 --> 00:08:10.990 then the earliest of them to have emigrated shall lead them. 00:08:10.990 --> 00:08:13.990 If they are equal in emigration, 00:08:13.990 --> 00:08:16.990 then the eldest of them in age shall lead them." 00:08:16.990 --> 00:08:21.120 What is meant by "his place of authority" is the realm of his jurisdiction 00:08:21.120 --> 00:08:24.120 or the place specifically designated for him. 00:08:24.120 --> 00:08:31.120 "His honored seat" refers to that which is exclusively his, such as a special rug, bed, or the like. 00:08:31.120 --> 00:08:33.820 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:08:33.820 --> 00:08:38.210 Giving precedence to the more knowledgeable in leading the prayer: 00:08:38.210 --> 00:08:42.210 the one most knowledgeable in the Book of Allah and most proficient in reciting it, 00:08:42.210 --> 00:08:44.210 then the one most knowledgeable in the Sunnah, 00:08:44.210 --> 00:08:47.210 then the earliest in emigration or acceptance of Islam, 00:08:47.210 --> 00:08:50.210 then the eldest in age. 00:08:50.210 --> 00:08:55.690 The greatest of all disciplines of knowledge is knowledge of the Book of Allah, Majestic and Exalted, 00:08:55.690 --> 00:08:58.690 in recitation, teaching, and memorization; 00:08:58.690 --> 00:09:03.259 and stemming from it is knowledge of the Prophetic Sunnah 00:09:03.259 --> 00:09:06.259 in narration, comprehension, and implementation. 00:09:06.259 --> 00:09:09.899 Precedence in Islam carries distinct weight. 00:09:09.899 --> 00:09:14.350 The ruler, the owner of a house or workplace, 00:09:14.350 --> 00:09:18.350 and the appointed imam of a mosque have greater right to lead prayer than anyone else, 00:09:18.350 --> 00:09:22.350 even if someone else is more knowledgeable, unless they grant permission. 00:09:22.960 --> 00:09:26.960 The host of a gathering has greater right to his own seat than anyone else. 00:09:26.960 --> 00:09:30.600 A woman has no right to lead men in prayer, 00:09:30.600 --> 00:09:34.600 because the word "qawm" (people) in this context refers specifically to men to the exclusion of women, 00:09:34.600 --> 00:09:37.600 as Allah the Exalted said: 00:09:37.600 --> 00:09:45.600 “O ye who believe! Let not a folk deride a folk who may be better than they (are), not let women (deride) women who may be better than they are; neither defame one another, nor insult one another by nicknames. Bad is the name of lewdness after faith. And whoso turneth not in repentance, such are evil-doers.” (49:11) 00:09:45.600 --> 00:09:52.600 “O ye who believe! Let not a folk deride a folk who may be better than they (are), not let women (deride) women who may be better than they are; neither defame one another, nor insult one another by nicknames. Bad is the name of lewdness after faith. And whoso turneth not in repentance, such are evil-doers.” (49:11) 00:09:52.600 --> 00:09:59.750 And on the authority of 'Uqbah ibn 'Amr al-Badrī al-Anṣārī (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:09:59.750 --> 00:10:05.820 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to touch our shoulders in prayer 00:10:05.820 --> 00:10:07.820 and say: 00:10:07.820 --> 00:10:11.820 "Straighten your rows and do not fall into discord, lest your hearts become discordant. 00:10:11.820 --> 00:10:15.820 Let those of you who possess maturity and understanding stand closest to me, 00:10:15.820 --> 00:10:20.820 and then those who follow them." 00:10:20.820 --> 00:10:22.820 Narrated by Muslim. 00:10:22.820 --> 00:10:26.009 His statement, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 00:10:26.009 --> 00:10:30.009 "Let those of you who possess maturity and understanding stand closest to me": 00:10:30.009 --> 00:10:33.009 meaning let those of sound intellect stand nearest to me. 00:10:33.009 --> 00:10:36.009 "Those of maturity" refers to adults, 00:10:36.009 --> 00:10:39.009 and it is also said to mean people of forbearance and virtue. 00:10:39.009 --> 00:10:42.809 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:10:42.809 --> 00:10:46.000 The obligation to straighten the rows, fill the gaps, 00:10:46.000 --> 00:10:50.000 and align shoulders and feet in prayer. 00:10:50.000 --> 00:10:56.610 The imam should take care to inspect the congregants' rows before commencing the prayer. 00:10:56.610 --> 00:11:00.960 Discord and contention are causes for corruption of the hearts. 00:11:00.960 --> 00:11:05.409 Outward alignment exerts an influence on the inward state. 00:11:05.409 --> 00:11:08.820 The most virtuous are placed closest to the imam, 00:11:08.820 --> 00:11:12.820 and virtue here refers to people of knowledge and forbearance. 00:11:12.820 --> 00:11:18.340 People of knowledge and forbearance should stand immediately behind the imam, 00:11:18.340 --> 00:11:21.340 so as to prompt him if he errs or forgets, 00:11:21.340 --> 00:11:25.340 or take his place if an emergency or sudden event requires it. 00:11:26.340 --> 00:11:31.779 On the authority of 'Abdullāh ibn Mas'ūd (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:11:31.779 --> 00:11:35.779 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:11:35.779 --> 00:11:39.809 "Let those of you who possess maturity and understanding stand closest to me, 00:11:39.809 --> 00:11:43.809 and then those who follow them"—saying it three times— 00:11:43.809 --> 00:11:46.809 "and beware of the clamor of the marketplaces!" 00:11:46.809 --> 00:11:48.840 Narrated by Muslim. 00:11:48.840 --> 00:11:51.610 "The clamor of the marketplaces": 00:11:51.610 --> 00:11:55.610 meaning their confusion, arguing, quarreling, 00:11:55.610 --> 00:11:59.379 and the raising of voices therein. 00:11:59.379 --> 00:12:01.379 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:12:01.379 --> 00:12:05.730 The prohibition against worshippers causing disturbances in mosques, 00:12:05.730 --> 00:12:09.730 such as disputing, arguing, and raising voices, 00:12:09.730 --> 00:12:12.730 because that dispels humility and focus. 00:12:12.730 --> 00:12:16.210 Mosques have their sanctity; 00:12:16.210 --> 00:12:19.210 for this reason, buying and selling are not permitted, 00:12:19.210 --> 00:12:23.779 nor is announcing lost property inside the mosque. 00:12:23.779 --> 00:12:26.779 The obligation of keeping the prayer rows distinct, 00:12:26.779 --> 00:12:30.779 such that the men's rows are distinct from the women's rows, 00:12:30.779 --> 00:12:33.779 and it is not permissible for them to be intermingled 00:12:33.779 --> 00:12:36.779 in the manner of people intermingling in marketplaces. 00:12:36.779 --> 00:12:40.159 On the authority of Abū Yaḥyā— 00:12:40.159 --> 00:12:42.159 and it is also said: Abū Muḥammad— 00:12:42.159 --> 00:12:47.190 Sahl ibn Abī Ḥathmah al-Anṣārī (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:12:47.190 --> 00:12:49.190 'Abdullāh ibn Sahl 00:12:49.190 --> 00:12:53.190 and Muḥayyiṣah ibn Mas'ūd set out for Khaybar, 00:12:53.190 --> 00:12:55.190 which was at that time under a peace treaty. 00:12:55.190 --> 00:12:57.190 They separated from each other, 00:12:57.190 --> 00:13:00.190 and then Muḥayyiṣah came upon 'Abdullāh ibn Sahl 00:13:00.190 --> 00:13:03.190 while he was wallowing in his blood, slain. 00:13:03.190 --> 00:13:05.190 So he buried him, 00:13:05.190 --> 00:13:07.190 and then returned to Medina. 00:13:07.190 --> 00:13:09.190 Thereupon, 'Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Sahl 00:13:09.190 --> 00:13:12.190 along with Muḥayyiṣah and Ḥuwayyiṣah, the sons of Mas'ūd, went 00:13:12.190 --> 00:13:16.190 to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:13:16.190 --> 00:13:19.190 'Abd al-Rahman began to speak, 00:13:19.190 --> 00:13:22.190 but he said, "Let the eldest speak! Let the eldest speak!" 00:13:22.190 --> 00:13:24.190 for he was the youngest among them. 00:13:24.190 --> 00:13:25.190 So he remained silent, 00:13:25.190 --> 00:13:27.190 and the elders spoke. 00:13:27.190 --> 00:13:28.190 Then he asked, 00:13:28.190 --> 00:13:32.190 "Will you take fifty oaths and claim the right against the killer of your companion?" 00:13:32.190 --> 00:13:35.320 And he recounted the rest of the hadith. 00:13:35.320 --> 00:13:37.419 It is agreed upon. 00:13:37.419 --> 00:13:40.419 And his saying, peace be upon him: 00:13:40.419 --> 00:13:42.419 "Let the eldest speak! Let the eldest speak!" 00:13:42.419 --> 00:13:47.309 means that the oldest among them should speak first. 00:13:47.309 --> 00:13:49.309 "And it was under a peace treaty that day" 00:13:49.309 --> 00:13:51.309 means after its conquest, 00:13:51.309 --> 00:13:56.309 and the Prophet's (peace be upon him) agreement leaving its people on it under a peace treaty. 00:13:56.309 --> 00:13:58.409 "Wallowing" 00:13:58.409 --> 00:14:01.409 means floundering and rolling in his own blood. 00:14:01.409 --> 00:14:03.600 "The youngest of the people" 00:14:03.600 --> 00:14:07.210 means the youngest in age among them. 00:14:07.210 --> 00:14:09.210 Among the lessons derived from this hadith: 00:14:09.210 --> 00:14:12.429 The permissibility of making a truce with the enemy out of necessity, 00:14:12.429 --> 00:14:16.429 such that reconciliation is more advantageous for Islam. 00:14:16.429 --> 00:14:20.429 But if Islam is dominant over disbelief, 00:14:20.429 --> 00:14:23.429 and no clear benefit appears in making peace, 00:14:23.429 --> 00:14:25.850 then it is not permissible. 00:14:25.850 --> 00:14:30.850 Individual Muslims do not have the right to act on their own initiative regarding the enemy 00:14:30.850 --> 00:14:37.200 if their action impacts the broader community of Muslims, without the permission of the ruler. 00:14:37.200 --> 00:14:40.200 Giving precedence to the eldest in speaking. 00:14:40.200 --> 00:14:45.809 Taking oaths in the claim of Qasamah is for the heirs of the slain. 00:14:45.809 --> 00:14:47.809 Qasamah refers to fifty oaths, 00:14:47.809 --> 00:14:50.809 divided among the heirs of the slain 00:14:50.809 --> 00:14:52.809 when they claim blood money, 00:14:52.809 --> 00:14:55.809 or upon the accused if they deny the charge. 00:14:55.809 --> 00:15:00.610 Riyad al-Salihin.