1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,160 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,169 --> 00:00:08,050 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:08,580 --> 00:00:12,779 Abridged by Dr. Aqil Ibn Salim al-Shammar. 4 00:00:12,779 --> 00:00:16,449 Surah Ghafir. 5 00:00:16,449 --> 00:00:22,730 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:23,710 --> 00:00:35,549 “Say (O Muhammad): I am forbidden to worship those unto whom ye cry beside Allah since there have come unto me clear proofs from my Lord, and I am commanded to surrender to the Lord of the Worlds.” (40:66) 7 00:00:35,710 --> 00:00:45,869 “Say (O Muhammad): I am forbidden to worship those unto whom ye cry beside Allah since there have come unto me clear proofs from my Lord, and I am commanded to surrender to the Lord of the Worlds.” (40:66) 8 00:00:47,340 --> 00:00:50,780 Say, O Muhammad, to the polytheists of your people from Quraysh: 9 00:00:51,100 --> 00:00:57,979 "I have been forbidden, O people, from worshipping those whom you invoke besides Allah, from among the idols and false deities," 10 00:00:58,219 --> 00:01:02,259 "once the clear proofs have come to me from my Lord." 11 00:01:02,659 --> 00:01:06,379 "My Lord has commanded me to humble myself before the Lord of all things," 12 00:01:06,700 --> 00:01:09,500 "and the Master of all creation, through submission." 13 00:01:10,859 --> 00:01:32,780 “He it is Who created you from dust, then from a drop (of seed) then from a clot, then bringeth you forth as a child, then (ordaineth) that ye attain full strength and afterward that ye become old men - though some among you die before - and that ye reach an appointed term, that haply ye may understand.” (40:67) 14 00:01:32,859 --> 00:01:45,340 “He it is Who created you from dust, then from a drop (of seed) then from a clot, then bringeth you forth as a child, then (ordaineth) that ye attain full strength and afterward that ye become old men - though some among you die before - and that ye reach an appointed term, that haply ye may understand.” (40:67) 15 00:01:45,739 --> 00:01:53,099 "And so that you may reach a determined term, and perhaps you will use your reason." 16 00:01:54,340 --> 00:02:05,700 Allah is the One who created your forefather Adam from dust, then created you from a drop of fluid, then from a clinging clot, then brings you out of your mothers' wombs as infants. 17 00:02:06,180 --> 00:02:16,419 Then, so that you may reach your maturity, your strength becomes complete, and your youth reaches its peak; and among you are those who are taken in death before reaching old age. 18 00:02:16,819 --> 00:02:23,379 And so that you may reach a temporary appointment for your lives and a limited term that you cannot exceed. 19 00:02:23,860 --> 00:02:29,620 And so that you may understand the arguments of Allah, and thereby recognize that there is no god other than Him. 20 00:02:30,860 --> 00:02:43,740 “He it is Who quickeneth and giveth death. When He ordaineth a thing, He saith unto it only: Be! and it is.” (40:68) 21 00:02:44,849 --> 00:02:51,009 He is the One who gives life to whom He wills after their death, and causes to die whom He wills after their life. 22 00:02:51,009 --> 00:03:05,250 And when He decrees the existence of a matter that He wishes to bring into being, He merely says to it, "Be," and it is—what He willed to create comes into existence without struggle or arduous effort. 23 00:03:06,580 --> 00:03:14,659 “Hast thou not seen those who wrangle concerning the revelations of Allah, how they are turned away? -” (40:69) 24 00:03:15,949 --> 00:03:28,349 Have you not seen, O Muhammad, these polytheists of your people who dispute with you regarding the arguments and signs of Allah? How are they turned away from the truth and diverted from the path of guidance? 25 00:03:29,870 --> 00:03:39,629 “Those who deny the Scripture and that wherewith We send Our messengers. But they will come to know,” (40:70) 26 00:03:40,110 --> 00:03:46,750 When the iron collars are around their necks and the chains; they will be dragged. 27 00:03:47,310 --> 00:03:52,590 “Through boiling waters; then they are thrust into the Fire.” (40:72) 28 00:03:54,259 --> 00:04:00,340 Have you not seen those who dispute regarding the signs of Allah, those who denied the Book of Allah? 29 00:04:00,819 --> 00:04:06,180 And they also denied that with which We sent Our messengers, which is the devotion of worship to Allah alone. 30 00:04:06,740 --> 00:04:14,259 Soon, those who dispute regarding the signs of Allah will know the reality of what you are informing them of, O Muhammad. 31 00:04:14,819 --> 00:04:19,220 When the iron collars and chains are placed around their necks in Hell. 32 00:04:19,860 --> 00:04:22,980 The keepers of the torment will drag them on the Day of Resurrection. 33 00:04:23,379 --> 00:04:27,379 Into the boiling water, the heat of which has reached its limit and attained its peak. 34 00:04:27,939 --> 00:04:30,660 Then, in the fire of Hell, they will be burned. 35 00:04:32,139 --> 00:04:38,620 Then it will be said to them, "Where is that which you used to associate [with Allah]?" 36 00:04:39,180 --> 00:04:41,899 "Besides Allah?" 37 00:04:42,459 --> 00:04:49,819 “Beside Allah? They say: They have failed us; but we used not to pray to anything before. Thus doth Allah send astray the disbelievers (in His guidance).” (40:74) 38 00:04:50,379 --> 00:04:55,500 “Beside Allah? They say: They have failed us; but we used not to pray to anything before. Thus doth Allah send astray the disbelievers (in His guidance).” (40:74) 39 00:04:57,230 --> 00:04:58,430 Then it will be said to them: 40 00:04:58,910 --> 00:05:04,029 "Where are those whom you used to associate with Allah by worshipping them instead of Him," 41 00:05:04,430 --> 00:05:07,230 "so that they might aid you and rescue you?" 42 00:05:07,819 --> 00:05:13,259 This is only said to them as a rebuke for the disbelief in Allah that they committed. 43 00:05:13,970 --> 00:05:17,170 The wretched ones will answer at that time, saying: 44 00:05:17,569 --> 00:05:20,689 "They have turned away from us, and have taken a path other than ours." 45 00:05:21,009 --> 00:05:23,250 "And they have abandoned us in this affliction." 46 00:05:23,730 --> 00:05:25,490 "Rather, they did not stray from us [in reality]," 47 00:05:25,810 --> 00:05:28,689 "but we were not worshipping anything [of substance]." 48 00:05:29,329 --> 00:05:36,449 Just as those whom they worshipped in the world besides Allah strayed from them in Hell, 49 00:05:36,930 --> 00:05:41,250 so does Allah lead the people of disbelief away from His mercy and His worship. 50 00:05:41,810 --> 00:05:44,610 He does not have mercy on them to save them from the Fire, 51 00:05:45,170 --> 00:05:49,410 nor does He aid them to lighten the affliction they are in. 52 00:05:51,019 --> 00:06:00,540 That is because you used to rejoice in the earth without right, and because you used to behave insolently. 53 00:06:01,709 --> 00:06:04,829 This is what We have done to you today, O people, 54 00:06:05,310 --> 00:06:08,829 because of the joy you used to feel in the world, 55 00:06:09,230 --> 00:06:12,990 which was not permitted to you, consisting of falsehood and sins, 56 00:06:13,470 --> 00:06:15,069 and because of your insolence therein. 57 00:06:15,709 --> 00:06:18,509 Insolence is arrogance and haughtiness. 58 00:06:19,870 --> 00:06:25,790 "Enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein eternally." 59 00:06:26,189 --> 00:06:30,269 "For wretched is the residence of the arrogant." 60 00:06:31,649 --> 00:06:34,050 Enter the seven gates of Hell. 61 00:06:34,529 --> 00:06:39,089 How wretched is the home of those who were too arrogant in the world to acknowledge the oneness of Allah. 62 00:06:40,899 --> 00:06:44,819 So be patient; indeed, the promise of Allah is true. 63 00:06:45,379 --> 00:06:56,980 Whether We show you some of what We promise them, or We take you in death, to Us they will be returned. 64 00:06:58,740 --> 00:07:07,060 So be patient, O Muhammad, regarding the dispute of these polytheists concerning the signs of Allah that We have revealed to you. 65 00:07:07,620 --> 00:07:12,100 For Allah will surely fulfill for you His promise of victory over them. 66 00:07:12,740 --> 00:07:18,579 Whether We show you, O Muhammad, during your lifetime some of what We promise these polytheists, 67 00:07:18,980 --> 00:07:21,860 of the torment and vengeance that will befall them, 68 00:07:22,339 --> 00:07:25,779 or We take you in death before that befalls them, 69 00:07:26,339 --> 00:07:28,819 to Us is your return and theirs. 70 00:07:29,300 --> 00:07:32,819 Then We will judge between you and them with truth, 71 00:07:33,300 --> 00:07:34,899 by consigning them to the Fire eternally, 72 00:07:35,459 --> 00:07:38,899 and honoring you by being near Us in the Gardens of Bliss. 73 00:07:40,620 --> 00:07:51,980 “Verily We sent messengers before thee, among them those of whom We have told thee, and some of whom We have not told thee; and it was not given to any messenger that he should bring a portent save by Allah's leave, but when Allah's commandment cometh (the cause) is judged aright, and the followers of vanity will then be lost.” (40:78) 74 00:07:52,379 --> 00:07:59,819 And it is not for a messenger to bring a sign except by the permission of Allah. 75 00:08:00,300 --> 00:08:09,180 “Verily We sent messengers before thee, among them those of whom We have told thee, and some of whom We have not told thee; and it was not given to any messenger that he should bring a portent save by Allah's leave, but when Allah's commandment cometh (the cause) is judged aright, and the followers of vanity will then be lost.” (40:78) 76 00:08:10,560 --> 00:08:14,959 We have indeed sent messengers before you, O Muhammad, to their respective nations. 77 00:08:15,519 --> 00:08:18,480 Of them are those whose stories We have related to you, 78 00:08:18,879 --> 00:08:21,920 and of them are those whose stories We have not related to you. 79 00:08:22,560 --> 00:08:30,720 And it was not for any messenger whom We sent before you to bring his people a decisive sign between him and them, 80 00:08:31,279 --> 00:08:33,519 except by the permission of Allah for him to do so. 81 00:08:34,320 --> 00:08:41,919 Therefore, it was not granted to you to bring your people the signs they ask of you without Our permission. 82 00:08:42,639 --> 00:08:45,519 So when the command of Allah comes, it will be judged with justice. 83 00:08:46,080 --> 00:08:49,679 That is, He will save His messengers and those who believed with them. 84 00:08:50,320 --> 00:08:54,080 And there, those who propagated falsehood in their speech will perish, 85 00:08:54,720 --> 00:08:58,639 along with their fabrication against Allah and their claim that He has a partner. 86 00:09:00,299 --> 00:09:07,980 “Allah it is Who hath appointed for you cattle, that ye may ride on some of them, and eat of some -” (40:79) 87 00:09:09,309 --> 00:09:12,429 Allah, to whom alone divinity belongs. 88 00:09:12,990 --> 00:09:17,950 He is the One who created for you the livestock: camels, cattle, sheep, and horses, 89 00:09:18,509 --> 00:09:20,590 and other beasts as well, 90 00:09:21,149 --> 00:09:25,149 so that you may ride some of them, and some of them you eat. 91 00:09:26,580 --> 00:09:41,139 “(Many) benefits ye have from them - and that ye may satisfy by their means a need that is in your breasts, and may be borne upon them as upon the ship.” (40:80) 92 00:09:41,700 --> 00:09:49,860 “And He showeth you His tokens. Which, then, of the tokens of Allah do ye deny?” (40:81) 93 00:09:51,470 --> 00:10:00,830 And you have benefits in them, in that He made for you from their hides dwellings, and from their wool, fur, and hair, furnishings. 94 00:10:01,549 --> 00:10:13,389 And so that you may reach, by carrying your burdens on some of them, a need in your hearts; and upon them and upon ships you are carried—on the former by land, and on the latter by sea. 95 00:10:14,110 --> 00:10:23,070 And He shows you His signs; so which of the signs of Allah do you deny their validity, and thus reject them due to your corruption regarding the oneness of Allah? 96 00:10:24,450 --> 00:10:33,330 Have they not traveled through the earth and observed how was the end of those who were before them? 97 00:10:33,889 --> 00:10:43,570 “Have they not travelled in the land to see the nature of the consequence for those before them? They were more numerous than these, and mightier in power and (in the) traces (which they left behind them) in the earth. But all that they used to earn availed them not.” (40:82) 98 00:10:44,049 --> 00:10:49,809 Their earnings did not avail them at all. 99 00:10:51,419 --> 00:10:56,860 Have these people who dispute the signs of Allah not traveled, O Muhammad, through the lands, 100 00:10:57,419 --> 00:11:04,059 and observed in the places they trod the consequences of Our actions upon the nations We destroyed before them? 101 00:11:04,620 --> 00:11:06,860 How was the end of their denial? 102 00:11:07,500 --> 00:11:15,659 Those who were before them were more numerous, mightier in strength, and left more lasting traces in the earth. 103 00:11:16,220 --> 00:11:21,419 Because they used to carve homes out of the mountains and build fortresses. 104 00:11:22,139 --> 00:11:29,659 But when Our might and power came to them, what they used to build in the mountains did not avail them. 105 00:11:30,220 --> 00:11:32,940 And that did not defend them from anything. 106 00:11:38,179 --> 00:11:46,019 “And when their messengers brought them clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) they exulted in the knowledge they (themselves) possessed. And that which they were wont to mock befell them.” (40:83) 107 00:11:46,820 --> 00:11:55,700 “And when their messengers brought them clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) they exulted in the knowledge they (themselves) possessed. And that which they were wont to mock befell them.” (40:83) 108 00:11:57,519 --> 00:12:02,240 When their messengers came to these nations with clear arguments, 109 00:12:02,879 --> 00:12:06,159 they rejoiced in the knowledge they possessed, out of ignorance. 110 00:12:06,639 --> 00:12:10,320 And they said, "We will not be resurrected, and Allah will not punish us." 111 00:12:11,149 --> 00:12:17,870 And they were encompassed by the punishment of Allah which they used to hasten their messengers to bring, out of mockery and derision. 112 00:12:19,409 --> 00:12:36,929 “Then, when they saw Our doom, they said: We believe in Allah only and reject (all) that we used to associate (with Him).” (40:84) 113 00:12:38,980 --> 00:12:48,419 When these nations saw the punishment of Allah, they said, "We acknowledge the oneness of Allah and believe that there is no god other than Him." 114 00:12:49,059 --> 00:12:55,139 "And we reject the deities we used to associate with Allah in our worship before this time." 115 00:12:57,200 --> 00:13:04,159 “But their faith could not avail them when they saw Our doom. This is Allah's law which hath ever taken course for His bondmen. And then the disbelievers will be ruined.” (40:85) 116 00:13:04,480 --> 00:13:16,080 “But their faith could not avail them when they saw Our doom. This is Allah's law which hath ever taken course for His bondmen. And then the disbelievers will be ruined.” (40:85) 117 00:13:17,620 --> 00:13:23,779 But their belief in the oneness of Allah at the time of witnessing His punishment did not benefit them. 118 00:13:24,259 --> 00:13:29,940 And Allah ceased to grant them reprieve or accept repentance from them after they witnessed His might. 119 00:13:30,340 --> 00:13:33,139 This is His way which has already passed regarding His creation. 120 00:13:33,840 --> 00:13:37,759 And at the coming of the punishment of Allah, those who disbelieved in their Lord perished, 121 00:13:38,320 --> 00:13:43,440 those who took deities besides Him to worship instead of their Creator.