1 00:00:00,780 --> 00:00:03,779 Riyad al-Salihin 2 00:00:03,779 --> 00:00:06,780 From the words of the Master of the Messengers 3 00:00:06,780 --> 00:00:09,779 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him 4 00:00:09,779 --> 00:00:13,900 Chapter: Taqwa (God-consciousness) 5 00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:17,460 Allah the Exalted says: 6 00:00:17,460 --> 00:00:20,530 "O you who have believed, fear Allah as He should be feared." 7 00:00:20,530 --> 00:00:22,530 “O ye who believe! Observe your duty to Allah with right observance, and die not save as those who have surrendered (unto Him)” (3:102) 8 00:00:22,530 --> 00:00:24,530 And He the Exalted says: 9 00:00:24,530 --> 00:00:27,530 “So keep your duty to Allah as best ye can, and listen, and obey, and spend; that is better for your souls. And whoso is saved from his own greed, such are the successful.” (64:16) 10 00:00:27,530 --> 00:00:32,530 This verse clarifies the intended meaning of the previous one. 11 00:00:32,619 --> 00:00:34,619 And He the Exalted says: 12 00:00:34,619 --> 00:00:37,619 "O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak a word of appropriate justice." 13 00:00:37,619 --> 00:00:40,619 And speak words that are sound and upright. 14 00:00:40,619 --> 00:00:42,820 The verses commanding taqwa 15 00:00:42,820 --> 00:00:44,820 are numerous and well-known. 16 00:00:44,820 --> 00:00:46,909 And He the Exalted says: 17 00:00:46,909 --> 00:00:50,909 “Then, when they have reached their term, take them back in kindness or part from them in kindness, and call to witness two just men among you, and keep your testimony upright for Allah. Whoso believeth in Allah and the Last Day is exhorted to act thus. And whosoever keepeth his duty to Allah, Allah will appoint a way out for him,” (65:2) 18 00:00:50,909 --> 00:00:54,909 “And will provide for him from (a quarter) whence he hath no expectation. And whosoever putteth his trust in Allah, He will suffice him. Lo! Allah bringeth His command to pass. Allah hath set a measure for all things.” (65:3) 19 00:00:54,909 --> 00:00:56,909 And He the Exalted says: 20 00:00:56,909 --> 00:01:00,909 “O ye who believe! If ye keep your duty to Allah, He will give you discrimination (between right and wrong) and will rid you of your evil thoughts and deeds, and will forgive you. Allah is of Infinite Bounty.” (8:29) 21 00:01:00,909 --> 00:01:05,909 “O ye who believe! If ye keep your duty to Allah, He will give you discrimination (between right and wrong) and will rid you of your evil thoughts and deeds, and will forgive you. Allah is of Infinite Bounty.” (8:29) 22 00:01:05,909 --> 00:01:08,909 And Allah is the possessor of great bounty. 23 00:01:08,909 --> 00:01:13,099 The verses in this chapter are numerous and well-known. 24 00:01:13,099 --> 00:01:18,060 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 25 00:01:18,060 --> 00:01:20,060 It was asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 26 00:01:20,060 --> 00:01:22,060 who is the most noble of people?" 27 00:01:22,060 --> 00:01:24,060 He replied, "The most God-conscious (atqahum) among them." 28 00:01:24,060 --> 00:01:28,060 They said, "We are not asking you about this." 29 00:01:29,060 --> 00:01:32,060 He said, "Then it is Yusuf, the Prophet of Allah, 30 00:01:32,060 --> 00:01:34,060 the son of the Prophet of Allah, 31 00:01:34,060 --> 00:01:36,060 the son of the Prophet of Allah, 32 00:01:36,060 --> 00:01:38,129 the son of the Friend of Allah (Khalil Allah)." 33 00:01:38,129 --> 00:01:41,219 They said, "We are not asking you about this." 34 00:01:41,219 --> 00:01:45,219 He said, "Are you asking me about the mines of the Arabs? 35 00:01:45,219 --> 00:01:48,219 The best of them in the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliyyah) 36 00:01:48,219 --> 00:01:52,219 are the best of them in Islam, if they attain fiqh." 37 00:01:52,219 --> 00:01:54,510 Agreed upon. 38 00:01:54,510 --> 00:01:57,510 "Attain fiqh" means they learn the rulings of the Shari'ah. 39 00:01:57,510 --> 00:02:02,920 "Most noble" (akram) is the superlative form derived from nobility (karam). 40 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:04,920 Its root implies an abundance of goodness. 41 00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:07,239 It is the opposite of baseness. 42 00:02:07,239 --> 00:02:09,240 Yusuf is the Prophet of Allah, 43 00:02:09,240 --> 00:02:11,240 the son of the Prophet of Allah, 44 00:02:11,240 --> 00:02:13,240 who is Ya'qub, peace be upon him, 45 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:15,240 the son of the Prophet of Allah, 46 00:02:15,240 --> 00:02:17,240 who is Ishaq, peace be upon him, 47 00:02:17,240 --> 00:02:19,240 the son of the Friend of Allah, 48 00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:22,240 who is Ibrahim, peace be upon him. 49 00:02:22,240 --> 00:02:25,560 "Mines" (ma'adin) is the plural of "mine" (ma'dan), 50 00:02:25,560 --> 00:02:28,560 which is the source of minerals like gold and the like, 51 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:30,560 and the origin of everything. 52 00:02:30,560 --> 00:02:33,560 The intent here is the tribes of the Arabs. 53 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:37,490 From the benefits of the hadith: 54 00:02:37,490 --> 00:02:39,710 The hadith clarifies the categories of people 55 00:02:39,710 --> 00:02:42,710 and the nobility of their lineage and ancestry. 56 00:02:42,710 --> 00:02:45,710 It shows that some lineages are noble, 57 00:02:45,710 --> 00:02:47,710 while others are less so. 58 00:02:47,710 --> 00:02:49,810 The nobility of lineage 59 00:02:49,810 --> 00:02:51,810 is considered only when accompanied by taqwa 60 00:02:51,810 --> 00:02:53,810 and the fear of Allah. 61 00:02:53,810 --> 00:02:55,939 Otherwise, it is not. 62 00:02:55,939 --> 00:02:58,939 A person is honored and ennobled 63 00:02:58,939 --> 00:03:00,939 through the taqwa of Allah the Almighty. 64 00:03:00,939 --> 00:03:02,939 Whoever is God-conscious 65 00:03:02,939 --> 00:03:04,939 possesses much goodness in this world 66 00:03:04,939 --> 00:03:08,219 and a high station in the Hereafter. 67 00:03:08,219 --> 00:03:10,219 A person is ennobled by the nobility 68 00:03:10,219 --> 00:03:12,219 of his forefathers and his clan 69 00:03:12,219 --> 00:03:14,219 if they were God-conscious 70 00:03:14,219 --> 00:03:16,219 and he followed their pattern 71 00:03:16,219 --> 00:03:18,449 and their way. 72 00:03:18,449 --> 00:03:20,449 "The best of them in the Jahiliyyah, 73 00:03:20,449 --> 00:03:22,449 the best of them in Islam," 74 00:03:22,449 --> 00:03:24,449 means those who possessed chivalry 75 00:03:24,449 --> 00:03:27,449 and noble character traits in the Jahiliyyah 76 00:03:27,449 --> 00:03:29,449 remain so in Islam 77 00:03:29,449 --> 00:03:31,449 once they believe and attain taqwa, 78 00:03:31,449 --> 00:03:33,449 because Islam came to perfect 79 00:03:33,449 --> 00:03:35,449 noble character traits. 80 00:03:35,449 --> 00:03:37,449 A servant is rewarded for 81 00:03:37,449 --> 00:03:39,449 the good he performed in the past. 82 00:03:39,449 --> 00:03:41,449 And if he combines the nobility of taqwa 83 00:03:41,449 --> 00:03:43,449 with the nobility of lineage, 84 00:03:43,449 --> 00:03:45,449 it is goodness upon goodness 85 00:03:45,449 --> 00:03:47,449 and virtue upon virtue. 86 00:03:47,449 --> 00:03:49,639 An illustration of the virtue of the Prophet of Allah, 87 00:03:49,639 --> 00:03:52,639 Yusuf, peace and blessings be upon him, 88 00:03:52,639 --> 00:03:54,639 for he combined noble character traits 89 00:03:54,639 --> 00:03:56,639 with the nobility of prophethood 90 00:03:56,639 --> 00:03:58,639 and the nobility of lineage. 91 00:03:58,639 --> 00:04:00,639 To this was added the nobility of knowledge 92 00:04:00,639 --> 00:04:02,639 in the interpretation of dreams, 93 00:04:02,639 --> 00:04:05,639 and his capability in governance and administration. 94 00:04:05,639 --> 00:04:07,669 An illustration of the virtue of knowledge, 95 00:04:07,669 --> 00:04:09,669 and that it is superior to lineage, 96 00:04:09,669 --> 00:04:12,669 status, prestige, and wealth. 97 00:04:12,669 --> 00:04:18,110 On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, 98 00:04:18,110 --> 00:04:22,209 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said: 99 00:04:22,209 --> 00:04:25,209 "Indeed, the world is sweet and green, 100 00:04:25,209 --> 00:04:28,209 and Allah has made you successors in it, 101 00:04:28,209 --> 00:04:31,209 so He watches how you act. 102 00:04:31,209 --> 00:04:33,209 So beware of the world, 103 00:04:33,209 --> 00:04:35,209 and beware of women, 104 00:04:35,209 --> 00:04:38,209 for the first trial of the Children of Israel 105 00:04:38,209 --> 00:04:40,339 was through women." 106 00:04:40,339 --> 00:04:42,339 Narrated by Muslim. 107 00:04:42,339 --> 00:04:45,139 "Sweet and green" 108 00:04:45,139 --> 00:04:47,139 likens the inclination toward it 109 00:04:47,139 --> 00:04:50,139 to fruit that is sweet in taste 110 00:04:50,139 --> 00:04:52,139 and green in color. 111 00:04:52,139 --> 00:04:54,389 "Made you successors" 112 00:04:54,389 --> 00:04:58,389 means He has made you generations, one succeeding another. 113 00:04:58,389 --> 00:05:00,620 "Beware of the world" 114 00:05:00,620 --> 00:05:03,620 means be cautious of being deceived by it. 115 00:05:03,620 --> 00:05:05,779 "Beware of women" 116 00:05:05,779 --> 00:05:08,779 means be cautious of being tempted by them. 117 00:05:08,779 --> 00:05:11,029 "Through women" 118 00:05:11,029 --> 00:05:13,029 means because of them. 119 00:05:13,029 --> 00:05:15,959 From the benefits of the hadith: 120 00:05:15,959 --> 00:05:19,250 One should practice asceticism (zuhd) regarding the world 121 00:05:19,250 --> 00:05:22,250 and not chase after its fleeting debris 122 00:05:22,250 --> 00:05:24,250 or become attached to its illusions. 123 00:05:24,250 --> 00:05:27,250 For it presents itself to the servants 124 00:05:27,250 --> 00:05:30,250 with its sweetness, greenery, and adornment, 125 00:05:30,250 --> 00:05:33,250 and whoever becomes attached to it, it destroys him. 126 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:35,250 However, the servant should 127 00:05:35,250 --> 00:05:38,250 not forget his share of it. 128 00:05:38,250 --> 00:05:41,600 Allah made the children of Adam successors, 129 00:05:41,600 --> 00:05:45,600 one succeeding another in this worldly life, 130 00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:47,600 to see how they act, 131 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:49,600 because it is a house of trial, 132 00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:51,600 not a house of permanence, 133 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:54,600 and a house of passage to the final destination. 134 00:05:54,600 --> 00:05:57,759 Caution against being tempted by women, 135 00:05:57,759 --> 00:06:00,759 which is done by avoiding the direct causes 136 00:06:00,759 --> 00:06:02,759 that stir desire, 137 00:06:02,759 --> 00:06:04,759 such as free-mixing with them, 138 00:06:04,759 --> 00:06:07,759 and looking at the parts of them that cause temptation 139 00:06:07,759 --> 00:06:09,759 when they are not one's mahram (unmarriageable kin). 140 00:06:09,759 --> 00:06:12,759 And that enjoyment of them should not distract 141 00:06:12,759 --> 00:06:15,759 from obligatory duties if they are one's spouses. 142 00:06:15,759 --> 00:06:17,889 Taking heed and learning lessons 143 00:06:17,889 --> 00:06:19,889 from previous nations, 144 00:06:19,889 --> 00:06:22,889 for what befell the Children of Israel 145 00:06:22,889 --> 00:06:26,889 will befall others if they engage in the same causes. 146 00:06:26,889 --> 00:06:31,360 On the authority of Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, 147 00:06:31,360 --> 00:06:34,360 that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 148 00:06:34,360 --> 00:06:36,360 used to say: 149 00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:40,360 "O Allah, I ask You for guidance, taqwa, 150 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:42,360 chastity, and self-sufficiency." 151 00:06:42,360 --> 00:06:45,389 Narrated by Muslim. 152 00:06:45,389 --> 00:06:47,189 "Guidance" 153 00:06:47,189 --> 00:06:50,189 means direction and righteousness. 154 00:06:50,189 --> 00:06:51,290 "Chastity" 155 00:06:51,290 --> 00:06:54,290 means refraining from what is unlawful 156 00:06:54,290 --> 00:06:56,449 and abstaining from it. 157 00:06:56,449 --> 00:06:57,449 "Self-sufficiency" 158 00:06:57,449 --> 00:06:59,449 means the richness of the soul 159 00:06:59,449 --> 00:07:03,449 and independence from people and what they possess. 160 00:07:03,449 --> 00:07:07,730 From the benefits of the hadith: 161 00:07:07,730 --> 00:07:09,730 Submission to Allah the Exalted 162 00:07:09,730 --> 00:07:13,730 and turning to Him in all circumstances. 163 00:07:13,730 --> 00:07:17,050 The soul's need for noble character traits 164 00:07:17,050 --> 00:07:19,050 to remain steadfast upon the command of Allah, 165 00:07:20,050 --> 00:07:23,050 to fear His punishment, and to hope for His mercy. 166 00:07:23,050 --> 00:07:25,300 It is appropriate for a person 167 00:07:25,300 --> 00:07:27,300 not to rely solely on his own deeds, 168 00:07:27,300 --> 00:07:30,300 for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 169 00:07:30,300 --> 00:07:33,300 used to ask Allah for these qualities, 170 00:07:33,300 --> 00:07:35,300 even though he was the most knowledgeable of people regarding them 171 00:07:35,300 --> 00:07:38,300 and the one most characterized by them. 172 00:07:38,300 --> 00:07:41,620 On the authority of Abu Tarif, 173 00:07:41,620 --> 00:07:45,620 'Adi Ibn Hatim al-Ta'i, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 174 00:07:45,620 --> 00:07:49,620 I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 175 00:07:49,620 --> 00:07:52,620 say: "Whoever swears an oath, 176 00:07:52,620 --> 00:07:55,620 then sees something else more God-conscious than it, 177 00:07:55,620 --> 00:07:57,620 let him choose that which is more God-conscious." 178 00:07:57,620 --> 00:07:59,620 Narrated by Muslim. 179 00:07:59,620 --> 00:08:04,509 "Swears" means he took an oath by Allah. 180 00:08:04,509 --> 00:08:09,639 "More God-conscious" means more pleasing to Him and further from His disobedience. 181 00:08:09,639 --> 00:08:14,110 From the benefits of the hadith: 182 00:08:14,110 --> 00:08:17,110 The permissibility of swearing by Allah. 183 00:08:17,110 --> 00:08:19,240 Whoever swears by Allah, 184 00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:22,240 it is obligatory upon him to fulfill his oath 185 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:24,240 and not break it. 186 00:08:24,240 --> 00:08:27,399 If the oath prevents one from an act of obedience, 187 00:08:27,399 --> 00:08:30,399 or causes one to miss out on great good, 188 00:08:30,399 --> 00:08:32,399 or leads one into disobedience, 189 00:08:32,399 --> 00:08:35,399 then the servant must offer expiation for his oath 190 00:08:35,399 --> 00:08:38,399 and do what Allah has commanded him, 191 00:08:38,399 --> 00:08:40,399 and avoid His disobedience. 192 00:08:40,399 --> 00:08:43,720 The obligation to adhere to taqwa in times of ease and hardship, 193 00:08:43,720 --> 00:08:46,720 and in times of willingness and reluctance. 194 00:08:46,720 --> 00:08:49,879 Whoever resolves to commit a sin, 195 00:08:49,879 --> 00:08:51,879 he must not do it. 196 00:08:51,879 --> 00:08:54,879 Even if he had sworn to do it, 197 00:08:54,879 --> 00:08:57,879 he should break his oath and offer expiation, 198 00:08:57,879 --> 00:09:00,879 and not commit the sin. 199 00:09:00,879 --> 00:09:03,970 On the authority of Abu Umamah, 200 00:09:03,970 --> 00:09:08,970 Sudayy Ibn 'Ajlan al-Bahili, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 201 00:09:08,970 --> 00:09:11,970 I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 202 00:09:11,970 --> 00:09:15,970 delivering a sermon during the Farewell Pilgrimage, and he said: 203 00:09:15,970 --> 00:09:17,970 "Fear Allah, 204 00:09:17,970 --> 00:09:19,970 perform your five prayers, 205 00:09:19,970 --> 00:09:21,970 Observe the fast of your month. 206 00:09:21,970 --> 00:09:24,970 Pay the zakat on your wealth. 207 00:09:24,970 --> 00:09:26,970 Obey those placed in authority over you. 208 00:09:26,970 --> 00:09:30,059 You shall enter the Paradise of your Lord. 209 00:09:30,059 --> 00:09:33,799 Narrated by al-Tirmidhi. 210 00:09:33,799 --> 00:09:35,799 The Farewell Pilgrimage. 211 00:09:35,799 --> 00:09:40,799 It is the final pilgrimage performed by the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 212 00:09:40,799 --> 00:09:42,799 It was named as such 213 00:09:42,799 --> 00:09:45,799 because he, peace be upon him, 214 00:09:46,799 --> 00:09:48,860 "Observe your five prayers," 215 00:09:48,860 --> 00:09:51,860 meaning: perform the five obligatory prayers. 216 00:09:51,860 --> 00:09:54,340 "Observe the fast of your month," 217 00:09:54,340 --> 00:09:57,340 meaning: observe the fast of the month of Ramadan. 218 00:09:57,340 --> 00:09:59,700 "Obey those placed in authority over you," 219 00:09:59,700 --> 00:10:02,700 meaning: obey those in positions of leadership among you. 220 00:10:02,700 --> 00:10:06,690 Among the benefits of this hadith: 221 00:10:06,690 --> 00:10:09,980 The obligation to adhere to the pillars of Islam, 222 00:10:09,980 --> 00:10:13,980 including prayer, zakat, fasting, and pilgrimage. 223 00:10:13,980 --> 00:10:17,200 That adherence to these deeds 224 00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:20,200 is part of having taqwa (God-consciousness) of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic. 225 00:10:20,200 --> 00:10:23,200 And that taqwa of Allah, the Exalted, is the path to Paradise 226 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:25,200 and a condition for entering it. 227 00:10:25,200 --> 00:10:27,200 Steadfastness in this world 228 00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:30,200 is the cause of salvation in the Hereafter. 229 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:33,330 The obligation to obey rulers and leaders, 230 00:10:33,330 --> 00:10:35,330 with the condition for their obedience being 231 00:10:35,330 --> 00:10:40,330 that they do not command what constitutes disobedience to Allah, the Almighty and Majestic. 232 00:10:40,330 --> 00:10:45,029 Riyad al-Salihin.