WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:03.779 Riyad al-Salihin 00:00:03.779 --> 00:00:06.780 From the words of the Master of the Messengers 00:00:06.780 --> 00:00:09.779 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:13.900 Chapter: Taqwa (God-consciousness) 00:00:13.900 --> 00:00:17.460 Allah the Exalted says: 00:00:17.460 --> 00:00:20.530 "O you who have believed, fear Allah as He should be feared." 00:00:20.530 --> 00:00:22.530 “O ye who believe! Observe your duty to Allah with right observance, and die not save as those who have surrendered (unto Him)” (3:102) 00:00:22.530 --> 00:00:24.530 And He the Exalted says: 00:00:24.530 --> 00:00:27.530 “So keep your duty to Allah as best ye can, and listen, and obey, and spend; that is better for your souls. And whoso is saved from his own greed, such are the successful.” (64:16) 00:00:27.530 --> 00:00:32.530 This verse clarifies the intended meaning of the previous one. 00:00:32.619 --> 00:00:34.619 And He the Exalted says: 00:00:34.619 --> 00:00:37.619 "O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak a word of appropriate justice." 00:00:37.619 --> 00:00:40.619 And speak words that are sound and upright. 00:00:40.619 --> 00:00:42.820 The verses commanding taqwa 00:00:42.820 --> 00:00:44.820 are numerous and well-known. 00:00:44.820 --> 00:00:46.909 And He the Exalted says: 00:00:46.909 --> 00:00:50.909 “Then, when they have reached their term, take them back in kindness or part from them in kindness, and call to witness two just men among you, and keep your testimony upright for Allah. Whoso believeth in Allah and the Last Day is exhorted to act thus. And whosoever keepeth his duty to Allah, Allah will appoint a way out for him,” (65:2) 00:00:50.909 --> 00:00:54.909 “And will provide for him from (a quarter) whence he hath no expectation. And whosoever putteth his trust in Allah, He will suffice him. Lo! Allah bringeth His command to pass. Allah hath set a measure for all things.” (65:3) 00:00:54.909 --> 00:00:56.909 And He the Exalted says: 00:00:56.909 --> 00:01:00.909 “O ye who believe! If ye keep your duty to Allah, He will give you discrimination (between right and wrong) and will rid you of your evil thoughts and deeds, and will forgive you. Allah is of Infinite Bounty.” (8:29) 00:01:00.909 --> 00:01:05.909 “O ye who believe! If ye keep your duty to Allah, He will give you discrimination (between right and wrong) and will rid you of your evil thoughts and deeds, and will forgive you. Allah is of Infinite Bounty.” (8:29) 00:01:05.909 --> 00:01:08.909 And Allah is the possessor of great bounty. 00:01:08.909 --> 00:01:13.099 The verses in this chapter are numerous and well-known. 00:01:13.099 --> 00:01:18.060 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:01:18.060 --> 00:01:20.060 It was asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:01:20.060 --> 00:01:22.060 who is the most noble of people?" 00:01:22.060 --> 00:01:24.060 He replied, "The most God-conscious (atqahum) among them." 00:01:24.060 --> 00:01:28.060 They said, "We are not asking you about this." 00:01:29.060 --> 00:01:32.060 He said, "Then it is Yusuf, the Prophet of Allah, 00:01:32.060 --> 00:01:34.060 the son of the Prophet of Allah, 00:01:34.060 --> 00:01:36.060 the son of the Prophet of Allah, 00:01:36.060 --> 00:01:38.129 the son of the Friend of Allah (Khalil Allah)." 00:01:38.129 --> 00:01:41.219 They said, "We are not asking you about this." 00:01:41.219 --> 00:01:45.219 He said, "Are you asking me about the mines of the Arabs? 00:01:45.219 --> 00:01:48.219 The best of them in the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliyyah) 00:01:48.219 --> 00:01:52.219 are the best of them in Islam, if they attain fiqh." 00:01:52.219 --> 00:01:54.510 Agreed upon. 00:01:54.510 --> 00:01:57.510 "Attain fiqh" means they learn the rulings of the Shari'ah. 00:01:57.510 --> 00:02:02.920 "Most noble" (akram) is the superlative form derived from nobility (karam). 00:02:02.920 --> 00:02:04.920 Its root implies an abundance of goodness. 00:02:04.920 --> 00:02:07.239 It is the opposite of baseness. 00:02:07.239 --> 00:02:09.240 Yusuf is the Prophet of Allah, 00:02:09.240 --> 00:02:11.240 the son of the Prophet of Allah, 00:02:11.240 --> 00:02:13.240 who is Ya'qub, peace be upon him, 00:02:13.240 --> 00:02:15.240 the son of the Prophet of Allah, 00:02:15.240 --> 00:02:17.240 who is Ishaq, peace be upon him, 00:02:17.240 --> 00:02:19.240 the son of the Friend of Allah, 00:02:19.240 --> 00:02:22.240 who is Ibrahim, peace be upon him. 00:02:22.240 --> 00:02:25.560 "Mines" (ma'adin) is the plural of "mine" (ma'dan), 00:02:25.560 --> 00:02:28.560 which is the source of minerals like gold and the like, 00:02:28.560 --> 00:02:30.560 and the origin of everything. 00:02:30.560 --> 00:02:33.560 The intent here is the tribes of the Arabs. 00:02:34.560 --> 00:02:37.490 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:02:37.490 --> 00:02:39.710 The hadith clarifies the categories of people 00:02:39.710 --> 00:02:42.710 and the nobility of their lineage and ancestry. 00:02:42.710 --> 00:02:45.710 It shows that some lineages are noble, 00:02:45.710 --> 00:02:47.710 while others are less so. 00:02:47.710 --> 00:02:49.810 The nobility of lineage 00:02:49.810 --> 00:02:51.810 is considered only when accompanied by taqwa 00:02:51.810 --> 00:02:53.810 and the fear of Allah. 00:02:53.810 --> 00:02:55.939 Otherwise, it is not. 00:02:55.939 --> 00:02:58.939 A person is honored and ennobled 00:02:58.939 --> 00:03:00.939 through the taqwa of Allah the Almighty. 00:03:00.939 --> 00:03:02.939 Whoever is God-conscious 00:03:02.939 --> 00:03:04.939 possesses much goodness in this world 00:03:04.939 --> 00:03:08.219 and a high station in the Hereafter. 00:03:08.219 --> 00:03:10.219 A person is ennobled by the nobility 00:03:10.219 --> 00:03:12.219 of his forefathers and his clan 00:03:12.219 --> 00:03:14.219 if they were God-conscious 00:03:14.219 --> 00:03:16.219 and he followed their pattern 00:03:16.219 --> 00:03:18.449 and their way. 00:03:18.449 --> 00:03:20.449 "The best of them in the Jahiliyyah, 00:03:20.449 --> 00:03:22.449 the best of them in Islam," 00:03:22.449 --> 00:03:24.449 means those who possessed chivalry 00:03:24.449 --> 00:03:27.449 and noble character traits in the Jahiliyyah 00:03:27.449 --> 00:03:29.449 remain so in Islam 00:03:29.449 --> 00:03:31.449 once they believe and attain taqwa, 00:03:31.449 --> 00:03:33.449 because Islam came to perfect 00:03:33.449 --> 00:03:35.449 noble character traits. 00:03:35.449 --> 00:03:37.449 A servant is rewarded for 00:03:37.449 --> 00:03:39.449 the good he performed in the past. 00:03:39.449 --> 00:03:41.449 And if he combines the nobility of taqwa 00:03:41.449 --> 00:03:43.449 with the nobility of lineage, 00:03:43.449 --> 00:03:45.449 it is goodness upon goodness 00:03:45.449 --> 00:03:47.449 and virtue upon virtue. 00:03:47.449 --> 00:03:49.639 An illustration of the virtue of the Prophet of Allah, 00:03:49.639 --> 00:03:52.639 Yusuf, peace and blessings be upon him, 00:03:52.639 --> 00:03:54.639 for he combined noble character traits 00:03:54.639 --> 00:03:56.639 with the nobility of prophethood 00:03:56.639 --> 00:03:58.639 and the nobility of lineage. 00:03:58.639 --> 00:04:00.639 To this was added the nobility of knowledge 00:04:00.639 --> 00:04:02.639 in the interpretation of dreams, 00:04:02.639 --> 00:04:05.639 and his capability in governance and administration. 00:04:05.639 --> 00:04:07.669 An illustration of the virtue of knowledge, 00:04:07.669 --> 00:04:09.669 and that it is superior to lineage, 00:04:09.669 --> 00:04:12.669 status, prestige, and wealth. 00:04:12.669 --> 00:04:18.110 On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:04:18.110 --> 00:04:22.209 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said: 00:04:22.209 --> 00:04:25.209 "Indeed, the world is sweet and green, 00:04:25.209 --> 00:04:28.209 and Allah has made you successors in it, 00:04:28.209 --> 00:04:31.209 so He watches how you act. 00:04:31.209 --> 00:04:33.209 So beware of the world, 00:04:33.209 --> 00:04:35.209 and beware of women, 00:04:35.209 --> 00:04:38.209 for the first trial of the Children of Israel 00:04:38.209 --> 00:04:40.339 was through women." 00:04:40.339 --> 00:04:42.339 Narrated by Muslim. 00:04:42.339 --> 00:04:45.139 "Sweet and green" 00:04:45.139 --> 00:04:47.139 likens the inclination toward it 00:04:47.139 --> 00:04:50.139 to fruit that is sweet in taste 00:04:50.139 --> 00:04:52.139 and green in color. 00:04:52.139 --> 00:04:54.389 "Made you successors" 00:04:54.389 --> 00:04:58.389 means He has made you generations, one succeeding another. 00:04:58.389 --> 00:05:00.620 "Beware of the world" 00:05:00.620 --> 00:05:03.620 means be cautious of being deceived by it. 00:05:03.620 --> 00:05:05.779 "Beware of women" 00:05:05.779 --> 00:05:08.779 means be cautious of being tempted by them. 00:05:08.779 --> 00:05:11.029 "Through women" 00:05:11.029 --> 00:05:13.029 means because of them. 00:05:13.029 --> 00:05:15.959 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:05:15.959 --> 00:05:19.250 One should practice asceticism (zuhd) regarding the world 00:05:19.250 --> 00:05:22.250 and not chase after its fleeting debris 00:05:22.250 --> 00:05:24.250 or become attached to its illusions. 00:05:24.250 --> 00:05:27.250 For it presents itself to the servants 00:05:27.250 --> 00:05:30.250 with its sweetness, greenery, and adornment, 00:05:30.250 --> 00:05:33.250 and whoever becomes attached to it, it destroys him. 00:05:33.250 --> 00:05:35.250 However, the servant should 00:05:35.250 --> 00:05:38.250 not forget his share of it. 00:05:38.250 --> 00:05:41.600 Allah made the children of Adam successors, 00:05:41.600 --> 00:05:45.600 one succeeding another in this worldly life, 00:05:45.600 --> 00:05:47.600 to see how they act, 00:05:47.600 --> 00:05:49.600 because it is a house of trial, 00:05:49.600 --> 00:05:51.600 not a house of permanence, 00:05:51.600 --> 00:05:54.600 and a house of passage to the final destination. 00:05:54.600 --> 00:05:57.759 Caution against being tempted by women, 00:05:57.759 --> 00:06:00.759 which is done by avoiding the direct causes 00:06:00.759 --> 00:06:02.759 that stir desire, 00:06:02.759 --> 00:06:04.759 such as free-mixing with them, 00:06:04.759 --> 00:06:07.759 and looking at the parts of them that cause temptation 00:06:07.759 --> 00:06:09.759 when they are not one's mahram (unmarriageable kin). 00:06:09.759 --> 00:06:12.759 And that enjoyment of them should not distract 00:06:12.759 --> 00:06:15.759 from obligatory duties if they are one's spouses. 00:06:15.759 --> 00:06:17.889 Taking heed and learning lessons 00:06:17.889 --> 00:06:19.889 from previous nations, 00:06:19.889 --> 00:06:22.889 for what befell the Children of Israel 00:06:22.889 --> 00:06:26.889 will befall others if they engage in the same causes. 00:06:26.889 --> 00:06:31.360 On the authority of Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:06:31.360 --> 00:06:34.360 that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:06:34.360 --> 00:06:36.360 used to say: 00:06:36.360 --> 00:06:40.360 "O Allah, I ask You for guidance, taqwa, 00:06:40.360 --> 00:06:42.360 chastity, and self-sufficiency." 00:06:42.360 --> 00:06:45.389 Narrated by Muslim. 00:06:45.389 --> 00:06:47.189 "Guidance" 00:06:47.189 --> 00:06:50.189 means direction and righteousness. 00:06:50.189 --> 00:06:51.290 "Chastity" 00:06:51.290 --> 00:06:54.290 means refraining from what is unlawful 00:06:54.290 --> 00:06:56.449 and abstaining from it. 00:06:56.449 --> 00:06:57.449 "Self-sufficiency" 00:06:57.449 --> 00:06:59.449 means the richness of the soul 00:06:59.449 --> 00:07:03.449 and independence from people and what they possess. 00:07:03.449 --> 00:07:07.730 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:07:07.730 --> 00:07:09.730 Submission to Allah the Exalted 00:07:09.730 --> 00:07:13.730 and turning to Him in all circumstances. 00:07:13.730 --> 00:07:17.050 The soul's need for noble character traits 00:07:17.050 --> 00:07:19.050 to remain steadfast upon the command of Allah, 00:07:20.050 --> 00:07:23.050 to fear His punishment, and to hope for His mercy. 00:07:23.050 --> 00:07:25.300 It is appropriate for a person 00:07:25.300 --> 00:07:27.300 not to rely solely on his own deeds, 00:07:27.300 --> 00:07:30.300 for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:07:30.300 --> 00:07:33.300 used to ask Allah for these qualities, 00:07:33.300 --> 00:07:35.300 even though he was the most knowledgeable of people regarding them 00:07:35.300 --> 00:07:38.300 and the one most characterized by them. 00:07:38.300 --> 00:07:41.620 On the authority of Abu Tarif, 00:07:41.620 --> 00:07:45.620 'Adi Ibn Hatim al-Ta'i, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:07:45.620 --> 00:07:49.620 I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:07:49.620 --> 00:07:52.620 say: "Whoever swears an oath, 00:07:52.620 --> 00:07:55.620 then sees something else more God-conscious than it, 00:07:55.620 --> 00:07:57.620 let him choose that which is more God-conscious." 00:07:57.620 --> 00:07:59.620 Narrated by Muslim. 00:07:59.620 --> 00:08:04.509 "Swears" means he took an oath by Allah. 00:08:04.509 --> 00:08:09.639 "More God-conscious" means more pleasing to Him and further from His disobedience. 00:08:09.639 --> 00:08:14.110 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:14.110 --> 00:08:17.110 The permissibility of swearing by Allah. 00:08:17.110 --> 00:08:19.240 Whoever swears by Allah, 00:08:19.240 --> 00:08:22.240 it is obligatory upon him to fulfill his oath 00:08:22.240 --> 00:08:24.240 and not break it. 00:08:24.240 --> 00:08:27.399 If the oath prevents one from an act of obedience, 00:08:27.399 --> 00:08:30.399 or causes one to miss out on great good, 00:08:30.399 --> 00:08:32.399 or leads one into disobedience, 00:08:32.399 --> 00:08:35.399 then the servant must offer expiation for his oath 00:08:35.399 --> 00:08:38.399 and do what Allah has commanded him, 00:08:38.399 --> 00:08:40.399 and avoid His disobedience. 00:08:40.399 --> 00:08:43.720 The obligation to adhere to taqwa in times of ease and hardship, 00:08:43.720 --> 00:08:46.720 and in times of willingness and reluctance. 00:08:46.720 --> 00:08:49.879 Whoever resolves to commit a sin, 00:08:49.879 --> 00:08:51.879 he must not do it. 00:08:51.879 --> 00:08:54.879 Even if he had sworn to do it, 00:08:54.879 --> 00:08:57.879 he should break his oath and offer expiation, 00:08:57.879 --> 00:09:00.879 and not commit the sin. 00:09:00.879 --> 00:09:03.970 On the authority of Abu Umamah, 00:09:03.970 --> 00:09:08.970 Sudayy Ibn 'Ajlan al-Bahili, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:09:08.970 --> 00:09:11.970 I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:09:11.970 --> 00:09:15.970 delivering a sermon during the Farewell Pilgrimage, and he said: 00:09:15.970 --> 00:09:17.970 "Fear Allah, 00:09:17.970 --> 00:09:19.970 perform your five prayers, 00:09:19.970 --> 00:09:21.970 Observe the fast of your month. 00:09:21.970 --> 00:09:24.970 Pay the zakat on your wealth. 00:09:24.970 --> 00:09:26.970 Obey those placed in authority over you. 00:09:26.970 --> 00:09:30.059 You shall enter the Paradise of your Lord. 00:09:30.059 --> 00:09:33.799 Narrated by al-Tirmidhi. 00:09:33.799 --> 00:09:35.799 The Farewell Pilgrimage. 00:09:35.799 --> 00:09:40.799 It is the final pilgrimage performed by the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:09:40.799 --> 00:09:42.799 It was named as such 00:09:42.799 --> 00:09:45.799 because he, peace be upon him, 00:09:46.799 --> 00:09:48.860 "Observe your five prayers," 00:09:48.860 --> 00:09:51.860 meaning: perform the five obligatory prayers. 00:09:51.860 --> 00:09:54.340 "Observe the fast of your month," 00:09:54.340 --> 00:09:57.340 meaning: observe the fast of the month of Ramadan. 00:09:57.340 --> 00:09:59.700 "Obey those placed in authority over you," 00:09:59.700 --> 00:10:02.700 meaning: obey those in positions of leadership among you. 00:10:02.700 --> 00:10:06.690 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:10:06.690 --> 00:10:09.980 The obligation to adhere to the pillars of Islam, 00:10:09.980 --> 00:10:13.980 including prayer, zakat, fasting, and pilgrimage. 00:10:13.980 --> 00:10:17.200 That adherence to these deeds 00:10:17.200 --> 00:10:20.200 is part of having taqwa (God-consciousness) of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic. 00:10:20.200 --> 00:10:23.200 And that taqwa of Allah, the Exalted, is the path to Paradise 00:10:23.200 --> 00:10:25.200 and a condition for entering it. 00:10:25.200 --> 00:10:27.200 Steadfastness in this world 00:10:27.200 --> 00:10:30.200 is the cause of salvation in the Hereafter. 00:10:30.200 --> 00:10:33.330 The obligation to obey rulers and leaders, 00:10:33.330 --> 00:10:35.330 with the condition for their obedience being 00:10:35.330 --> 00:10:40.330 that they do not command what constitutes disobedience to Allah, the Almighty and Majestic. 00:10:40.330 --> 00:10:45.029 Riyad al-Salihin.