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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.

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Shura (consultation).

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Shura is the act of seeking counsel from others.

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It is a primary characteristic of the Ummah of Islam.

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Allah the Exalted says:

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“And those who answer the call of their Lord and establish worship, and whose affairs are a matter of counsel, and who spend of what We have bestowed on them,” (42:38)

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It is recommended at all levels of leadership.

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Where the leader consults those beneath him regarding matters in which he requires their counsel.

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The highest and most important form of this is the consultation between the ruler and the ruled.

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Allah the Exalted says:

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Had you been harsh and hard-hearted, they would have dispersed from around you.

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So pardon them, ask forgiveness for them, and consult them in the matter.

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“It was by the mercy of Allah that thou wast lenient with them (O Muhammad), for if thou hadst been stern and fierce of heart they would have dispersed from round about thee. So pardon them and ask forgiveness for them and consult with them upon the conduct of affairs. And when thou art resolved, then put thy trust in Allah. Lo! Allah loveth those who put their trust (in Him).” (3:159)

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“It was by the mercy of Allah that thou wast lenient with them (O Muhammad), for if thou hadst been stern and fierce of heart they would have dispersed from round about thee. So pardon them and ask forgiveness for them and consult with them upon the conduct of affairs. And when thou art resolved, then put thy trust in Allah. Lo! Allah loveth those who put their trust (in Him).” (3:159)

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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.