1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,720 In the name of Allah, the entirely Merciful, the especially Merciful. 2 00:00:03,720 --> 00:00:13,230 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 3 00:00:13,230 --> 00:00:17,750 An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah), 4 00:00:17,750 --> 00:00:22,910 Authored by Sheikh Musa Al-Rashid Al-'Azimi, 5 00:00:22,910 --> 00:00:25,070 May Allah preserve him. 6 00:00:25,070 --> 00:00:33,630 The Battle of Hunayn. 7 00:00:33,630 --> 00:00:40,859 The Battle of Hunayn took place in Shawwal in the eighth year of the Hijrah. 8 00:00:40,859 --> 00:00:43,310 Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar stated in *Fath al-Bari*: 9 00:00:43,310 --> 00:00:45,310 "The scholars of military expeditions said: 10 00:00:45,310 --> 00:00:49,310 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, set out for Hunayn 11 00:00:49,310 --> 00:00:51,310 When six nights had passed in Shawwal; 12 00:00:51,310 --> 00:00:53,310 And it was also said: 13 00:00:53,310 --> 00:00:56,310 When two nights remained of Ramadan." 14 00:00:56,310 --> 00:00:58,310 Some scholars harmonized between these accounts, 15 00:00:58,310 --> 00:01:02,310 Explaining that he began preparing and dispatching troops in late Ramadan, 16 00:01:02,310 --> 00:01:04,310 Commenced the march on the sixth of Shawwal, 17 00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:08,439 And arrived there on the tenth. 18 00:01:08,439 --> 00:01:10,439 Imam Ibn al-Qayyim remarked: 19 00:01:10,439 --> 00:01:13,439 "Allah, Glorified is He, inaugurated the military subjugation of the pagan Arabs 20 00:01:13,439 --> 00:01:15,439 With the Battle of Badr, 21 00:01:15,439 --> 00:01:18,439 And sealed their campaigns with the Battle of Hunayn. 22 00:01:18,439 --> 00:01:22,439 The first struck fear into their hearts and broke their edge, 23 00:01:22,439 --> 00:01:25,439 While the second exhausted their remaining strength, 24 00:01:25,439 --> 00:01:28,439 Depleted their arrows, and humbled their collective might, 25 00:01:28,439 --> 00:01:35,420 Leaving them no alternative but to enter the religion of Allah." 26 00:01:35,420 --> 00:01:38,189 The Cause of the Battle. 27 00:01:38,189 --> 00:01:42,189 When the tribe of Hawazin heard of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 28 00:01:42,189 --> 00:01:45,189 And how Allah had granted him the conquest of Makkah, 29 00:01:45,189 --> 00:01:48,189 Malik ibn 'Awf al-Nasri rallied them. 30 00:01:48,189 --> 00:01:52,219 Alongside Hawazin, the entire tribe of Thaqif rallied to him, 31 00:01:52,219 --> 00:01:56,219 As well as the entirety of Nasr and Jusham, 32 00:01:56,219 --> 00:01:57,219 Sa'd ibn Bakr, 33 00:01:57,219 --> 00:02:00,219 And several groups from Banu Hilal. 34 00:02:00,219 --> 00:02:03,260 Among Banu Jusham was Durayd ibn al-Simmah, 35 00:02:03,260 --> 00:02:05,260 A very elderly man 36 00:02:05,260 --> 00:02:09,259 Brought along solely for the auspicious blessing of his counsel 37 00:02:09,259 --> 00:02:11,259 And his vast expertise in warfare, 38 00:02:11,259 --> 00:02:14,259 For he was a seasoned veteran. 39 00:02:14,259 --> 00:02:18,259 Supreme command over the people was entrusted to Malik ibn 'Awf al-Nasri, 40 00:02:18,259 --> 00:02:23,349 And they resolved to fight the Prophet, peace be upon him. 41 00:02:23,349 --> 00:02:28,479 When he determined to advance toward the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 42 00:02:28,479 --> 00:02:32,479 He commanded the people to bring along their wealth, women, and children. 43 00:02:32,479 --> 00:02:35,539 When he encamped at Awtas, 44 00:02:35,539 --> 00:02:37,539 The masses gathered around him. 45 00:02:37,539 --> 00:02:49,009 The Prophet, peace be upon him, Dispatched 'Abdullah ibn Abi Hadrad, may Allah be pleased with him. 46 00:02:49,009 --> 00:02:53,810 When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, heard of their mobilization, 47 00:02:53,810 --> 00:02:58,810 He sent 'Abdullah ibn Abi Hadrad, may Allah be pleased with him, to them 48 00:02:58,810 --> 00:03:00,810 To bring back intelligence concerning them. 49 00:03:00,810 --> 00:03:06,969 Al-Hakim in *Al-Mustadrak* and Al-Bayhaqi in *Dala'il al-Nubuwwah* narrated with a good chain 50 00:03:06,969 --> 00:03:10,969 On the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with both of them, who said: 51 00:03:10,969 --> 00:03:13,969 "Malik ibn 'Awf al-Nasri gathered 52 00:03:13,969 --> 00:03:15,969 Banu Nasr, Jusham, 53 00:03:15,969 --> 00:03:17,969 Sa'd ibn Bakr, 54 00:03:17,969 --> 00:03:20,969 Disparate clans from Banu Hilal, 55 00:03:20,969 --> 00:03:24,969 And some from Banu 'Umar ibn 'Asim ibn 'Awf ibn 'Amir; 56 00:03:24,969 --> 00:03:28,969 And Thaqif came out in their entirety, including the confederates (al-Ahlaf) and Banu Malik. 57 00:03:28,969 --> 00:03:33,969 Then he marched them toward the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 58 00:03:34,969 --> 00:03:39,129 Bringing with them their wealth, women, and children. 59 00:03:39,129 --> 00:03:43,129 When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, learned of their movements, 60 00:03:43,129 --> 00:03:48,129 He dispatched 'Abdullah ibn Abi Hadrad al-Aslami, may Allah be pleased with him, 61 00:03:48,129 --> 00:03:49,129 Instructing him: 62 00:03:49,129 --> 00:03:52,129 'Go and infiltrate their ranks, 63 00:03:52,129 --> 00:03:55,129 Until you obtain reliable intelligence about them for us.' 64 00:03:55,129 --> 00:03:56,129 So he infiltrated them, 65 00:03:56,129 --> 00:03:59,129 Remained among them for a day or two, 66 00:03:59,129 --> 00:04:02,129 And then returned and conveyed the news to him." 67 00:04:02,129 --> 00:04:09,370 The Prophet's Departure for Hunayn. 68 00:04:09,370 --> 00:04:15,039 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, marched out of Makkah al-Mukarramah 69 00:04:15,039 --> 00:04:18,040 After concluding its conquest, 70 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:20,040 Restoring order to its affairs, 71 00:04:20,040 --> 00:04:24,040 Accepting the submission of the general populace, and granting them amnesty; 72 00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:28,040 He set forth to confront Hawazin and their allies. 73 00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:32,139 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, marched against them 74 00:04:32,139 --> 00:04:36,139 At the head of the ten thousand who had accompanied him during the conquest, 75 00:04:36,139 --> 00:04:40,139 Along with two thousand of the pardoned captives (*Tulaqa'*) from the people of Makkah, 76 00:04:40,139 --> 00:04:43,139 Most of whom were newly converted to Islam, 77 00:04:43,139 --> 00:04:47,139 Faith not yet having firmly taken root in their hearts. 78 00:04:47,139 --> 00:04:50,139 Several Makkan chieftains also accompanied him on this expedition, 79 00:04:50,139 --> 00:04:52,139 Such as Safwan ibn Umayyah, 80 00:04:52,139 --> 00:04:54,139 Who was still a polytheist at the time, 81 00:04:54,139 --> 00:04:57,139 Suhayl ibn 'Amr, and others. 82 00:04:57,139 --> 00:05:00,170 The two Shaykhs [Al-Bukhari and Muslim] narrated in their Sahih collections 83 00:05:00,170 --> 00:05:04,170 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 84 00:05:04,170 --> 00:05:06,170 "On the day of Hunayn, 85 00:05:06,170 --> 00:05:11,170 Hawazin and Ghatafan advanced bringing their dependents and livestock, 86 00:05:11,170 --> 00:05:16,170 While the Prophet, peace be upon him, had ten thousand men with him that day, 87 00:05:16,170 --> 00:05:18,170 Along with the pardoned captives." 88 00:05:18,170 --> 00:05:22,360 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 89 00:05:22,360 --> 00:05:27,360 Feared that the Muslims might be deceived by their sheer numbers and become conceited over their multitude, 90 00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:31,360 And that indeed transpired, as explicitly attested by the text of the Qur'an, 91 00:05:31,360 --> 00:05:33,360 Where Allah the Exalted says: 92 00:05:33,360 --> 00:05:37,360 “Allah hath given you victory on many fields and on the day of Huneyn, when ye exulted in your multitude but it availed you naught, and the earth, vast as it is, was straitened for you; then ye turned back in flight;” (9:25) 93 00:05:37,360 --> 00:05:43,360 “Allah hath given you victory on many fields and on the day of Huneyn, when ye exulted in your multitude but it availed you naught, and the earth, vast as it is, was straitened for you; then ye turned back in flight;” (9:25) 94 00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:48,579 So the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, wished to clarify to them 95 00:05:48,579 --> 00:05:52,579 That numbers alone avail them nothing against the decree of Allah, 96 00:05:52,579 --> 00:05:57,579 By citing a parable of what befell an earlier prophet with his people. 97 00:05:57,579 --> 00:06:01,740 Imam Ahmad recorded in his *Musnad* with an authentic chain 98 00:06:01,740 --> 00:06:04,740 On the authority of Suhayb, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 99 00:06:04,740 --> 00:06:10,810 "The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, would move his lips during the campaign of Hunayn 100 00:06:10,810 --> 00:06:14,810 In a manner he had never done prior to that. 101 00:06:14,810 --> 00:06:17,970 Then the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 102 00:06:17,970 --> 00:06:23,970 'A prophet among those before you was filled with admiration for his community, 103 00:06:23,970 --> 00:06:27,970 And declared: Nothing can ever vanquish them! 104 00:06:27,970 --> 00:06:33,000 So Allah revealed to him: Give them the choice between one of three things: 105 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:38,000 Either that I unleash upon them an enemy from another people who will subjugate them, 106 00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:41,000 Or famine, or pestilence. 107 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:45,000 They said: As for being killed or facing famine, 108 00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:49,000 We have no endurance for them; rather, let it be death (pestilence). 109 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:53,000 Consequently, seventy thousand perished within three days.' 110 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:58,000 Suhayb said: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, then added: 111 00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:06,000 'So now I say: O Allah, by Your aid alone I maneuver, by Your aid I charge, and by Your aid I fight.'" 112 00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:11,339 The Tree of Dhat Anwat. 113 00:07:11,339 --> 00:07:15,230 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, passed, 114 00:07:15,230 --> 00:07:18,230 While on his route to Hunayn, 115 00:07:18,230 --> 00:07:23,230 By a tree belonging to the polytheists known as Dhat Anwat. 116 00:07:23,230 --> 00:07:27,329 Imam Ahmad and Al-Tirmidhi recorded with an authentic chain 117 00:07:27,329 --> 00:07:31,329 On the authority of Abu Waqid al-Laythi, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 118 00:07:31,329 --> 00:07:38,329 "We departed from Makkah with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, toward Hunayn. 119 00:07:38,329 --> 00:07:43,329 He said: The disbelievers had a lote tree at which they would gather in veneration 120 00:07:43,329 --> 00:07:46,329 And upon which they would hang their weapons, 121 00:07:46,329 --> 00:07:49,420 Named Dhat Anwat. 122 00:07:49,420 --> 00:07:52,420 As we passed by a magnificent, lush lote tree, 123 00:07:52,420 --> 00:07:55,420 We said: 'O Messenger of Allah! 124 00:07:55,420 --> 00:07:58,420 Make for us a Dhat Anwat!' 125 00:07:58,420 --> 00:08:02,420 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, replied: 126 00:08:02,420 --> 00:08:07,420 'By the One in Whose hand is my soul, you have spoken just as the people of Moses spoke: 127 00:08:07,420 --> 00:08:11,420 “And We brought the Children of Israel across the sea, and they came unto a people who were given up to idols which they had. They said: O Moses! Make for us a god even as they have gods. He said: Lo! ye are a folk who know not.” (7:138) 128 00:08:11,420 --> 00:08:15,490 “And We brought the Children of Israel across the sea, and they came unto a people who were given up to idols which they had. They said: O Moses! Make for us a god even as they have gods. He said: Lo! ye are a folk who know not.” (7:138) 129 00:08:15,490 --> 00:08:17,490 Truly, these are the ingrained ways of old! 130 00:08:17,490 --> 00:08:22,490 You shall certainly follow the ways of those before you, tradition by tradition.'" 131 00:08:22,490 --> 00:08:27,100 An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography. 132 00:08:27,100 --> 00:08:34,450 Though humanity's longing for one another may endure, 133 00:08:34,450 --> 00:08:40,450 The boundless yearning for you knows no measure. 134 00:08:40,450 --> 00:08:48,220 May Allah shower blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised, 135 00:08:48,220 --> 00:08:55,950 And whenever lips move to utter the remembrance of the Everlasting.