1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,169 --> 00:00:08,050 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:08,580 --> 00:00:12,740 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammar. 4 00:00:12,919 --> 00:00:16,109 Surah al-Fajr. 5 00:00:18,750 --> 00:00:23,050 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:23,050 --> 00:00:24,510 By the dawn. 7 00:00:24,510 --> 00:00:26,550 By the ten nights. 8 00:00:26,550 --> 00:00:28,850 By the even and the odd. 9 00:00:28,850 --> 00:00:31,350 By the night when it departs. 10 00:00:31,350 --> 00:00:35,149 “There surely is an oath for thinking man.” (89:5) 11 00:00:36,509 --> 00:00:39,909 Our Lord, may His praise be exalted, swears by the dawn. 12 00:00:39,909 --> 00:00:41,909 This is the dawn of the morning. 13 00:00:41,909 --> 00:00:44,909 He swears by the ten nights of Dhu al-Hijjah. 14 00:00:44,909 --> 00:00:47,310 He swears by the even and the odd. 15 00:00:47,310 --> 00:00:51,509 The exegetes differed regarding what is meant by the "even" (al-shaf'). 16 00:00:51,509 --> 00:00:53,509 In His saying, "And the even." 17 00:00:53,509 --> 00:00:56,009 And what is meant by the "odd" (al-watr). 18 00:00:56,009 --> 00:00:58,009 In His saying, "And the odd." 19 00:00:58,009 --> 00:01:00,070 Some said: 20 00:01:00,070 --> 00:01:02,070 The even is the Day of Sacrifice (Yawm al-Nahr). 21 00:01:02,070 --> 00:01:04,069 And the odd is the Day of 'Arafah. 22 00:01:04,069 --> 00:01:06,069 Others said: 23 00:01:06,069 --> 00:01:09,769 The even is the two days following the Day of Sacrifice. 24 00:01:09,769 --> 00:01:12,769 And the odd is the third day. 25 00:01:12,769 --> 00:01:14,769 Others said: 26 00:01:14,769 --> 00:01:16,769 The even is all of creation. 27 00:01:16,769 --> 00:01:18,769 And the odd is Allah. 28 00:01:18,769 --> 00:01:20,769 Others said: 29 00:01:20,769 --> 00:01:22,769 It refers to the prescribed prayers. 30 00:01:22,769 --> 00:01:24,769 Some of which are even. 31 00:01:24,769 --> 00:01:26,769 Such as the Fajr and Dhuhr prayers. 32 00:01:26,769 --> 00:01:28,769 And some of which are odd. 33 00:01:28,769 --> 00:01:30,769 Such as the Maghrib prayer. 34 00:01:30,769 --> 00:01:32,769 He did not specify one type of even. 35 00:01:32,769 --> 00:01:34,769 Nor one type of odd over another. 36 00:01:34,769 --> 00:01:36,769 Every even number is a fact by report and reason. 37 00:01:36,769 --> 00:01:38,769 And every even and odd. 38 00:01:38,769 --> 00:01:40,769 Is part of what He has sworn by. 39 00:01:40,769 --> 00:01:42,769 And His saying, "And the night." 40 00:01:42,769 --> 00:01:44,769 "When it departs." 41 00:01:44,769 --> 00:01:46,769 Meaning, the night when it moves on and passes away. 42 00:01:46,769 --> 00:01:48,769 Is there in what I have sworn by. 43 00:01:48,769 --> 00:01:50,769 Of these matters, a convincing argument. 44 00:01:50,769 --> 00:01:53,480 For one who possesses intellect? 45 00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:55,480 Have you not seen how your Lord dealt. 46 00:01:55,480 --> 00:01:57,480 With 'Ad? 47 00:01:57,480 --> 00:01:59,480 Iram, who had lofty pillars. 48 00:01:59,480 --> 00:02:01,480 Which. 49 00:02:01,480 --> 00:02:03,480 Had no equal. 50 00:02:03,480 --> 00:02:05,480 Created in the lands. 51 00:02:05,480 --> 00:02:07,480 And Thamud. 52 00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:09,479 Who carved the rocks. 53 00:02:09,479 --> 00:02:11,479 In the valley. 54 00:02:11,479 --> 00:02:13,479 And Pharaoh. 55 00:02:13,479 --> 00:02:15,479 The owner of the stakes. 56 00:02:15,479 --> 00:02:17,479 Those who transgressed. 57 00:02:17,479 --> 00:02:19,479 In the lands. 58 00:02:19,479 --> 00:02:21,479 And increased. 59 00:02:21,479 --> 00:02:23,479 Corruption therein. 60 00:02:23,479 --> 00:02:25,479 So your Lord poured. 61 00:02:25,479 --> 00:02:27,479 Upon them a scourge. 62 00:02:27,479 --> 00:02:29,479 Of punishment. 63 00:02:29,479 --> 00:02:31,479 Indeed, your Lord. 64 00:02:31,479 --> 00:02:33,479 Is ever watchful. 65 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:38,400 Have you not looked, O Muhammad. 66 00:02:38,400 --> 00:02:40,400 With the eye of your heart. 67 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:42,400 To see how your Lord dealt. 68 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:44,400 With the tribe of 'Ad. 69 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:46,400 The people of the lofty pillars. 70 00:02:46,400 --> 00:02:48,400 He meant by that they were. 71 00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:50,400 Nomadic people with tents. 72 00:02:50,400 --> 00:02:52,400 “The like of which was not created in the lands;” (89:8) 73 00:02:52,400 --> 00:02:54,439 In greatness, strength, and power. 74 00:02:54,439 --> 00:02:56,439 And Thamud, who. 75 00:02:56,439 --> 00:02:58,439 Pierced the rocks and entered them. 76 00:02:58,439 --> 00:03:00,439 Taking them as houses. 77 00:03:00,439 --> 00:03:02,439 Have you not seen how your Lord dealt. 78 00:03:02,439 --> 00:03:04,439 Also with Pharaoh, the owner of the stakes. 79 00:03:04,439 --> 00:03:06,439 Which. 80 00:03:06,439 --> 00:03:08,439 Were driven into the ground, whether of wood or iron. 81 00:03:08,439 --> 00:03:10,439 Because either. 82 00:03:10,439 --> 00:03:12,439 He used them to torture people. 83 00:03:12,439 --> 00:03:14,439 Or. 84 00:03:14,439 --> 00:03:16,469 He used them for his own amusement. 85 00:03:16,469 --> 00:03:18,469 And His saying, "Those who transgressed." 86 00:03:18,469 --> 00:03:20,469 In the lands, meaning 'Ad. 87 00:03:20,469 --> 00:03:22,469 And Thamud, and Pharaoh, and the hosts. 88 00:03:22,469 --> 00:03:24,469 Those who exceeded. 89 00:03:24,469 --> 00:03:26,469 What their Lord permitted for them. 90 00:03:26,469 --> 00:03:28,469 And were arrogant toward their Lord. 91 00:03:28,469 --> 00:03:30,469 By persisting in disbelief in Him. 92 00:03:30,469 --> 00:03:32,469 In the lands where they were. 93 00:03:32,469 --> 00:03:34,469 Located. 94 00:03:34,469 --> 00:03:36,469 They increased corruption in the lands. 95 00:03:36,469 --> 00:03:38,469 And committed what Allah forbade them. 96 00:03:38,469 --> 00:03:40,469 So your Lord sent down upon them, O Muhammad. 97 00:03:40,469 --> 00:03:42,469 His punishment. 98 00:03:42,469 --> 00:03:44,469 And brought upon them His vengeance. 99 00:03:44,469 --> 00:03:46,469 Because they spread corruption in the lands. 100 00:03:46,469 --> 00:03:48,469 And transgressed against Allah therein. 101 00:03:48,469 --> 00:03:50,469 Indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad. 102 00:03:50,469 --> 00:03:52,469 Regarding those whose stories I have recounted. 103 00:03:52,469 --> 00:03:54,469 To you. 104 00:03:54,469 --> 00:03:56,469 And their likes among those who disbelieve in Him. 105 00:03:56,469 --> 00:03:58,469 Is ever watchful. 106 00:03:58,469 --> 00:04:00,469 He observes them by their deeds. 107 00:04:00,469 --> 00:04:02,469 In this world and in the Hereafter. 108 00:04:02,469 --> 00:04:04,469 Upon the bridges of Hell. 109 00:04:04,469 --> 00:04:06,469 To cast them into it. 110 00:04:06,469 --> 00:04:08,469 When they arrive there on the Day of Resurrection. 111 00:04:08,469 --> 00:04:11,300 As for. 112 00:04:11,300 --> 00:04:13,300 Man. 113 00:04:13,300 --> 00:04:15,300 When his Lord tests him. 114 00:04:15,300 --> 00:04:17,300 By honoring him and bestowing favors upon him. 115 00:04:17,300 --> 00:04:19,300 By honoring him. 116 00:04:19,300 --> 00:04:21,300 And favoring him. 117 00:04:21,300 --> 00:04:23,300 He says, "My Lord has honored me." 118 00:04:23,300 --> 00:04:25,300 But as for. 119 00:04:25,300 --> 00:04:27,300 When He tests him. 120 00:04:27,300 --> 00:04:29,300 And restricts his provision. 121 00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:31,300 He says. 122 00:04:31,300 --> 00:04:33,300 He says, "My Lord. 123 00:04:33,300 --> 00:04:35,839 Has humiliated me." 124 00:04:35,839 --> 00:04:37,839 As for man, when. 125 00:04:37,839 --> 00:04:39,839 His Lord tries him with blessings and wealth. 126 00:04:39,839 --> 00:04:41,839 Honoring him with money. 127 00:04:41,839 --> 00:04:43,839 And bestowing upon him. 128 00:04:43,839 --> 00:04:45,839 And favoring him by expanding. 129 00:04:45,839 --> 00:04:47,839 From His bounty. 130 00:04:47,839 --> 00:04:49,839 He rejoices in that and is pleased. 131 00:04:49,839 --> 00:04:51,839 And says. 132 00:04:51,839 --> 00:04:53,839 "My Lord has honored me with this honor." 133 00:04:53,839 --> 00:04:55,910 But when He tries him. 134 00:04:55,910 --> 00:04:57,910 His Lord with poverty. 135 00:04:57,910 --> 00:04:59,910 And restricts his provision. 136 00:04:59,910 --> 00:05:01,910 And limits it. 137 00:05:01,910 --> 00:05:03,910 So his wealth does not increase, nor is it expanded for him. 138 00:05:03,910 --> 00:05:05,910 He says. 139 00:05:05,910 --> 00:05:07,910 "My Lord has humiliated me with poverty." 140 00:05:07,910 --> 00:05:09,910 And he does not thank Allah for. 141 00:05:09,910 --> 00:05:11,910 What He has gifted him of sound. 142 00:05:11,910 --> 00:05:13,910 Limbs and provision. 143 00:05:13,910 --> 00:05:15,910 Of well-being in his body. 144 00:05:15,910 --> 00:05:18,639 No. 145 00:05:18,639 --> 00:05:20,639 But you do not honor. 146 00:05:20,639 --> 00:05:22,639 The orphan. 147 00:05:22,639 --> 00:05:24,639 And you do not encourage. 148 00:05:24,639 --> 00:05:27,800 The feeding. 149 00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:29,800 Of the poor. 150 00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:31,800 And you consume the inheritance. 151 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:33,800 Devouring it greedily. 152 00:05:33,800 --> 00:05:35,800 And you love. 153 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:37,800 Wealth with a love. 154 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:39,800 Excessive. 155 00:05:39,800 --> 00:05:42,560 And His saying. 156 00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:44,560 “Nay, but ye (for your part) honour not the orphan” (89:17) 157 00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:46,560 The orphan. 158 00:05:46,560 --> 00:05:48,560 Meaning: No. 159 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:50,560 I do not honor the one I honored. 160 00:05:50,560 --> 00:05:52,560 With an abundance of worldly goods. 161 00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:54,560 Nor do I humiliate the one I humiliated with a lack thereof. 162 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:56,560 But. 163 00:05:56,560 --> 00:05:58,560 I only honor the one I honored through obedience to Me. 164 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:00,560 And I humiliate the one I humiliated. 165 00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:02,560 Through disobedience to Me. 166 00:06:02,560 --> 00:06:04,560 Rather, I only humiliated the one I humiliated. 167 00:06:04,560 --> 00:06:06,560 Because he does not honor. 168 00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:08,560 The orphan. 169 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:10,560 Nor do you encourage one another. 170 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:12,560 To feed the poor. 171 00:06:12,560 --> 00:06:14,560 And you consume, O people. 172 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:16,560 The inheritance with intense consumption. 173 00:06:16,560 --> 00:06:18,560 Leaving nothing of it. 174 00:06:18,560 --> 00:06:20,560 And you love the accumulation. 175 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:22,560 O people, and the hoarding of it. 176 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:24,560 With a great and intense love. 177 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:27,490 No, when. 178 00:06:27,490 --> 00:06:29,490 The earth is leveled. 179 00:06:29,490 --> 00:06:31,490 Crushed. 180 00:06:31,490 --> 00:06:33,490 Crushed. 181 00:06:33,490 --> 00:06:35,490 And your Lord comes. 182 00:06:35,490 --> 00:06:37,490 And the angels, rank. 183 00:06:37,490 --> 00:06:39,490 Upon rank. 184 00:06:39,490 --> 00:06:41,490 And is brought. 185 00:06:41,490 --> 00:06:43,490 That day. 186 00:06:43,490 --> 00:06:45,490 Hell. 187 00:06:45,490 --> 00:06:47,490 That day. 188 00:06:47,490 --> 00:06:49,490 Will remember. 189 00:06:49,490 --> 00:06:51,490 Man. 190 00:06:51,490 --> 00:06:53,490 But what will remembrance avail him? 191 00:06:53,490 --> 00:06:56,129 No. 192 00:06:56,129 --> 00:06:58,129 It is not fitting. 193 00:06:58,129 --> 00:07:00,160 For the matter to be thus. 194 00:07:00,160 --> 00:07:02,160 Then He, may His praise be exalted, informs about. 195 00:07:02,160 --> 00:07:04,160 Their remorse for their deeds. 196 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:06,160 The evil ones in this world. 197 00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:08,160 And their regret for what has passed. 198 00:07:08,160 --> 00:07:10,160 From them, when regret will not benefit them. 199 00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:12,160 So He said. 200 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:14,160 When the earth is shaken. 201 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:16,160 And trembled, tremor after. 202 00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:18,160 It will shake and move. 203 00:07:18,160 --> 00:07:20,160 After it has been moved. 204 00:07:20,160 --> 00:07:22,160 And when your Lord comes, O Muhammad. 205 00:07:22,160 --> 00:07:24,160 And the angels, rank upon rank. 206 00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:26,160 Row after row. 207 00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:28,160 And Allah will come on that Day. 208 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:30,160 With Hell. 209 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:32,160 On that Day, man will remember. 210 00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:34,160 His negligence in the world regarding the obedience of Allah. 211 00:07:34,160 --> 00:07:36,160 And regarding that which draws him closer. 212 00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:38,160 To Him through righteous deeds. 213 00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:40,160 And from what path will he have. 214 00:07:40,160 --> 00:07:42,839 Remembrance? 215 00:07:42,839 --> 00:07:44,839 He will say, "Oh, I wish I had. 216 00:07:44,839 --> 00:07:46,839 Sent ahead for my life." 217 00:07:46,839 --> 00:07:48,839 For on that Day. 218 00:07:48,839 --> 00:07:50,839 None will punish with His punishment. 219 00:07:50,839 --> 00:07:52,839 Anyone. 220 00:07:52,839 --> 00:07:54,839 And none will bind with His binding. 221 00:07:54,839 --> 00:07:57,699 Anyone. 222 00:07:57,699 --> 00:07:59,699 The Exalted says, in His remembrance. 223 00:07:59,699 --> 00:08:01,699 Informing us of the anguish of the son of Adam. 224 00:08:01,699 --> 00:08:03,699 And his sorrow on the Day of Resurrection. 225 00:08:03,699 --> 00:08:05,699 And his regret for his negligence. 226 00:08:05,699 --> 00:08:07,699 Regarding righteous deeds. 227 00:08:07,699 --> 00:08:09,699 In the world, which would have earned him. 228 00:08:09,699 --> 00:08:11,699 Eternal existence in bliss. 229 00:08:11,699 --> 00:08:13,699 That never ends. 230 00:08:13,699 --> 00:08:15,699 "Oh, I wish I had sent ahead in the world. 231 00:08:15,699 --> 00:08:17,699 Righteous deeds for this life of mine." 232 00:08:17,699 --> 00:08:19,699 Which has no death. 233 00:08:19,699 --> 00:08:21,699 After it. 234 00:08:21,699 --> 00:08:23,699 That which would save me from the wrath of Allah. 235 00:08:23,699 --> 00:08:25,889 And secure for me His pleasure. 236 00:08:25,889 --> 00:08:27,889 For on that Day, none will punish. 237 00:08:27,889 --> 00:08:29,889 With the punishment of Allah, anyone. 238 00:08:29,889 --> 00:08:31,889 In the world. 239 00:08:31,889 --> 00:08:33,889 And none will bind like the binding of Allah. 240 00:08:33,889 --> 00:08:36,600 Anyone in the world. 241 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:38,600 "O tranquil soul. 242 00:08:38,600 --> 00:08:40,600 At peace. 243 00:08:40,600 --> 00:08:42,600 Return. 244 00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:44,600 To your Lord. 245 00:08:44,600 --> 00:08:46,600 Well-pleased. 246 00:08:46,600 --> 00:08:48,600 And well-pleasing. 247 00:08:48,600 --> 00:08:50,600 So enter among My servants. 248 00:08:50,600 --> 00:08:52,600 And enter. 249 00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:54,600 My Paradise." 250 00:08:54,600 --> 00:08:57,429 O soul that is. 251 00:08:57,429 --> 00:08:59,429 Tranquil with the promise of Allah. 252 00:08:59,429 --> 00:09:01,429 Which He promised. 253 00:09:01,429 --> 00:09:03,429 The people of faith in Him in the world. 254 00:09:03,429 --> 00:09:05,429 Of honor in the Hereafter. 255 00:09:05,429 --> 00:09:07,429 And you believed in that. 256 00:09:07,429 --> 00:09:09,429 Return to your Lord. 257 00:09:09,429 --> 00:09:11,429 This is a message. 258 00:09:11,429 --> 00:09:13,429 From Allah, may His majesty be exalted. 259 00:09:13,429 --> 00:09:15,429 Through the angels to the soul of the believer. 260 00:09:15,429 --> 00:09:17,429 At the time of resurrection. 261 00:09:17,429 --> 00:09:19,429 Commanding it to return to the body. 262 00:09:19,429 --> 00:09:21,429 Of its owner. 263 00:09:21,429 --> 00:09:23,429 "So enter among My righteous servants. 264 00:09:23,429 --> 00:09:27,539 And enter My Paradise." 265 00:09:27,539 --> 00:09:29,539 This is the summary from the Tafsir of al-Tabari.