WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.169 --> 00:00:08.050 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammar. 00:00:12.919 --> 00:00:16.109 Surah al-Fajr. 00:00:18.750 --> 00:00:23.050 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.050 --> 00:00:24.510 By the dawn. 00:00:24.510 --> 00:00:26.550 By the ten nights. 00:00:26.550 --> 00:00:28.850 By the even and the odd. 00:00:28.850 --> 00:00:31.350 By the night when it departs. 00:00:31.350 --> 00:00:35.149 “There surely is an oath for thinking man.” (89:5) 00:00:36.509 --> 00:00:39.909 Our Lord, may His praise be exalted, swears by the dawn. 00:00:39.909 --> 00:00:41.909 This is the dawn of the morning. 00:00:41.909 --> 00:00:44.909 He swears by the ten nights of Dhu al-Hijjah. 00:00:44.909 --> 00:00:47.310 He swears by the even and the odd. 00:00:47.310 --> 00:00:51.509 The exegetes differed regarding what is meant by the "even" (al-shaf'). 00:00:51.509 --> 00:00:53.509 In His saying, "And the even." 00:00:53.509 --> 00:00:56.009 And what is meant by the "odd" (al-watr). 00:00:56.009 --> 00:00:58.009 In His saying, "And the odd." 00:00:58.009 --> 00:01:00.070 Some said: 00:01:00.070 --> 00:01:02.070 The even is the Day of Sacrifice (Yawm al-Nahr). 00:01:02.070 --> 00:01:04.069 And the odd is the Day of 'Arafah. 00:01:04.069 --> 00:01:06.069 Others said: 00:01:06.069 --> 00:01:09.769 The even is the two days following the Day of Sacrifice. 00:01:09.769 --> 00:01:12.769 And the odd is the third day. 00:01:12.769 --> 00:01:14.769 Others said: 00:01:14.769 --> 00:01:16.769 The even is all of creation. 00:01:16.769 --> 00:01:18.769 And the odd is Allah. 00:01:18.769 --> 00:01:20.769 Others said: 00:01:20.769 --> 00:01:22.769 It refers to the prescribed prayers. 00:01:22.769 --> 00:01:24.769 Some of which are even. 00:01:24.769 --> 00:01:26.769 Such as the Fajr and Dhuhr prayers. 00:01:26.769 --> 00:01:28.769 And some of which are odd. 00:01:28.769 --> 00:01:30.769 Such as the Maghrib prayer. 00:01:30.769 --> 00:01:32.769 He did not specify one type of even. 00:01:32.769 --> 00:01:34.769 Nor one type of odd over another. 00:01:34.769 --> 00:01:36.769 Every even number is a fact by report and reason. 00:01:36.769 --> 00:01:38.769 And every even and odd. 00:01:38.769 --> 00:01:40.769 Is part of what He has sworn by. 00:01:40.769 --> 00:01:42.769 And His saying, "And the night." 00:01:42.769 --> 00:01:44.769 "When it departs." 00:01:44.769 --> 00:01:46.769 Meaning, the night when it moves on and passes away. 00:01:46.769 --> 00:01:48.769 Is there in what I have sworn by. 00:01:48.769 --> 00:01:50.769 Of these matters, a convincing argument. 00:01:50.769 --> 00:01:53.480 For one who possesses intellect? 00:01:53.480 --> 00:01:55.480 Have you not seen how your Lord dealt. 00:01:55.480 --> 00:01:57.480 With 'Ad? 00:01:57.480 --> 00:01:59.480 Iram, who had lofty pillars. 00:01:59.480 --> 00:02:01.480 Which. 00:02:01.480 --> 00:02:03.480 Had no equal. 00:02:03.480 --> 00:02:05.480 Created in the lands. 00:02:05.480 --> 00:02:07.480 And Thamud. 00:02:07.480 --> 00:02:09.479 Who carved the rocks. 00:02:09.479 --> 00:02:11.479 In the valley. 00:02:11.479 --> 00:02:13.479 And Pharaoh. 00:02:13.479 --> 00:02:15.479 The owner of the stakes. 00:02:15.479 --> 00:02:17.479 Those who transgressed. 00:02:17.479 --> 00:02:19.479 In the lands. 00:02:19.479 --> 00:02:21.479 And increased. 00:02:21.479 --> 00:02:23.479 Corruption therein. 00:02:23.479 --> 00:02:25.479 So your Lord poured. 00:02:25.479 --> 00:02:27.479 Upon them a scourge. 00:02:27.479 --> 00:02:29.479 Of punishment. 00:02:29.479 --> 00:02:31.479 Indeed, your Lord. 00:02:31.479 --> 00:02:33.479 Is ever watchful. 00:02:36.400 --> 00:02:38.400 Have you not looked, O Muhammad. 00:02:38.400 --> 00:02:40.400 With the eye of your heart. 00:02:40.400 --> 00:02:42.400 To see how your Lord dealt. 00:02:42.400 --> 00:02:44.400 With the tribe of 'Ad. 00:02:44.400 --> 00:02:46.400 The people of the lofty pillars. 00:02:46.400 --> 00:02:48.400 He meant by that they were. 00:02:48.400 --> 00:02:50.400 Nomadic people with tents. 00:02:50.400 --> 00:02:52.400 “The like of which was not created in the lands;” (89:8) 00:02:52.400 --> 00:02:54.439 In greatness, strength, and power. 00:02:54.439 --> 00:02:56.439 And Thamud, who. 00:02:56.439 --> 00:02:58.439 Pierced the rocks and entered them. 00:02:58.439 --> 00:03:00.439 Taking them as houses. 00:03:00.439 --> 00:03:02.439 Have you not seen how your Lord dealt. 00:03:02.439 --> 00:03:04.439 Also with Pharaoh, the owner of the stakes. 00:03:04.439 --> 00:03:06.439 Which. 00:03:06.439 --> 00:03:08.439 Were driven into the ground, whether of wood or iron. 00:03:08.439 --> 00:03:10.439 Because either. 00:03:10.439 --> 00:03:12.439 He used them to torture people. 00:03:12.439 --> 00:03:14.439 Or. 00:03:14.439 --> 00:03:16.469 He used them for his own amusement. 00:03:16.469 --> 00:03:18.469 And His saying, "Those who transgressed." 00:03:18.469 --> 00:03:20.469 In the lands, meaning 'Ad. 00:03:20.469 --> 00:03:22.469 And Thamud, and Pharaoh, and the hosts. 00:03:22.469 --> 00:03:24.469 Those who exceeded. 00:03:24.469 --> 00:03:26.469 What their Lord permitted for them. 00:03:26.469 --> 00:03:28.469 And were arrogant toward their Lord. 00:03:28.469 --> 00:03:30.469 By persisting in disbelief in Him. 00:03:30.469 --> 00:03:32.469 In the lands where they were. 00:03:32.469 --> 00:03:34.469 Located. 00:03:34.469 --> 00:03:36.469 They increased corruption in the lands. 00:03:36.469 --> 00:03:38.469 And committed what Allah forbade them. 00:03:38.469 --> 00:03:40.469 So your Lord sent down upon them, O Muhammad. 00:03:40.469 --> 00:03:42.469 His punishment. 00:03:42.469 --> 00:03:44.469 And brought upon them His vengeance. 00:03:44.469 --> 00:03:46.469 Because they spread corruption in the lands. 00:03:46.469 --> 00:03:48.469 And transgressed against Allah therein. 00:03:48.469 --> 00:03:50.469 Indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad. 00:03:50.469 --> 00:03:52.469 Regarding those whose stories I have recounted. 00:03:52.469 --> 00:03:54.469 To you. 00:03:54.469 --> 00:03:56.469 And their likes among those who disbelieve in Him. 00:03:56.469 --> 00:03:58.469 Is ever watchful. 00:03:58.469 --> 00:04:00.469 He observes them by their deeds. 00:04:00.469 --> 00:04:02.469 In this world and in the Hereafter. 00:04:02.469 --> 00:04:04.469 Upon the bridges of Hell. 00:04:04.469 --> 00:04:06.469 To cast them into it. 00:04:06.469 --> 00:04:08.469 When they arrive there on the Day of Resurrection. 00:04:08.469 --> 00:04:11.300 As for. 00:04:11.300 --> 00:04:13.300 Man. 00:04:13.300 --> 00:04:15.300 When his Lord tests him. 00:04:15.300 --> 00:04:17.300 By honoring him and bestowing favors upon him. 00:04:17.300 --> 00:04:19.300 By honoring him. 00:04:19.300 --> 00:04:21.300 And favoring him. 00:04:21.300 --> 00:04:23.300 He says, "My Lord has honored me." 00:04:23.300 --> 00:04:25.300 But as for. 00:04:25.300 --> 00:04:27.300 When He tests him. 00:04:27.300 --> 00:04:29.300 And restricts his provision. 00:04:29.300 --> 00:04:31.300 He says. 00:04:31.300 --> 00:04:33.300 He says, "My Lord. 00:04:33.300 --> 00:04:35.839 Has humiliated me." 00:04:35.839 --> 00:04:37.839 As for man, when. 00:04:37.839 --> 00:04:39.839 His Lord tries him with blessings and wealth. 00:04:39.839 --> 00:04:41.839 Honoring him with money. 00:04:41.839 --> 00:04:43.839 And bestowing upon him. 00:04:43.839 --> 00:04:45.839 And favoring him by expanding. 00:04:45.839 --> 00:04:47.839 From His bounty. 00:04:47.839 --> 00:04:49.839 He rejoices in that and is pleased. 00:04:49.839 --> 00:04:51.839 And says. 00:04:51.839 --> 00:04:53.839 "My Lord has honored me with this honor." 00:04:53.839 --> 00:04:55.910 But when He tries him. 00:04:55.910 --> 00:04:57.910 His Lord with poverty. 00:04:57.910 --> 00:04:59.910 And restricts his provision. 00:04:59.910 --> 00:05:01.910 And limits it. 00:05:01.910 --> 00:05:03.910 So his wealth does not increase, nor is it expanded for him. 00:05:03.910 --> 00:05:05.910 He says. 00:05:05.910 --> 00:05:07.910 "My Lord has humiliated me with poverty." 00:05:07.910 --> 00:05:09.910 And he does not thank Allah for. 00:05:09.910 --> 00:05:11.910 What He has gifted him of sound. 00:05:11.910 --> 00:05:13.910 Limbs and provision. 00:05:13.910 --> 00:05:15.910 Of well-being in his body. 00:05:15.910 --> 00:05:18.639 No. 00:05:18.639 --> 00:05:20.639 But you do not honor. 00:05:20.639 --> 00:05:22.639 The orphan. 00:05:22.639 --> 00:05:24.639 And you do not encourage. 00:05:24.639 --> 00:05:27.800 The feeding. 00:05:27.800 --> 00:05:29.800 Of the poor. 00:05:29.800 --> 00:05:31.800 And you consume the inheritance. 00:05:31.800 --> 00:05:33.800 Devouring it greedily. 00:05:33.800 --> 00:05:35.800 And you love. 00:05:35.800 --> 00:05:37.800 Wealth with a love. 00:05:37.800 --> 00:05:39.800 Excessive. 00:05:39.800 --> 00:05:42.560 And His saying. 00:05:42.560 --> 00:05:44.560 “Nay, but ye (for your part) honour not the orphan” (89:17) 00:05:44.560 --> 00:05:46.560 The orphan. 00:05:46.560 --> 00:05:48.560 Meaning: No. 00:05:48.560 --> 00:05:50.560 I do not honor the one I honored. 00:05:50.560 --> 00:05:52.560 With an abundance of worldly goods. 00:05:52.560 --> 00:05:54.560 Nor do I humiliate the one I humiliated with a lack thereof. 00:05:54.560 --> 00:05:56.560 But. 00:05:56.560 --> 00:05:58.560 I only honor the one I honored through obedience to Me. 00:05:58.560 --> 00:06:00.560 And I humiliate the one I humiliated. 00:06:00.560 --> 00:06:02.560 Through disobedience to Me. 00:06:02.560 --> 00:06:04.560 Rather, I only humiliated the one I humiliated. 00:06:04.560 --> 00:06:06.560 Because he does not honor. 00:06:06.560 --> 00:06:08.560 The orphan. 00:06:08.560 --> 00:06:10.560 Nor do you encourage one another. 00:06:10.560 --> 00:06:12.560 To feed the poor. 00:06:12.560 --> 00:06:14.560 And you consume, O people. 00:06:14.560 --> 00:06:16.560 The inheritance with intense consumption. 00:06:16.560 --> 00:06:18.560 Leaving nothing of it. 00:06:18.560 --> 00:06:20.560 And you love the accumulation. 00:06:20.560 --> 00:06:22.560 O people, and the hoarding of it. 00:06:22.560 --> 00:06:24.560 With a great and intense love. 00:06:24.560 --> 00:06:27.490 No, when. 00:06:27.490 --> 00:06:29.490 The earth is leveled. 00:06:29.490 --> 00:06:31.490 Crushed. 00:06:31.490 --> 00:06:33.490 Crushed. 00:06:33.490 --> 00:06:35.490 And your Lord comes. 00:06:35.490 --> 00:06:37.490 And the angels, rank. 00:06:37.490 --> 00:06:39.490 Upon rank. 00:06:39.490 --> 00:06:41.490 And is brought. 00:06:41.490 --> 00:06:43.490 That day. 00:06:43.490 --> 00:06:45.490 Hell. 00:06:45.490 --> 00:06:47.490 That day. 00:06:47.490 --> 00:06:49.490 Will remember. 00:06:49.490 --> 00:06:51.490 Man. 00:06:51.490 --> 00:06:53.490 But what will remembrance avail him? 00:06:53.490 --> 00:06:56.129 No. 00:06:56.129 --> 00:06:58.129 It is not fitting. 00:06:58.129 --> 00:07:00.160 For the matter to be thus. 00:07:00.160 --> 00:07:02.160 Then He, may His praise be exalted, informs about. 00:07:02.160 --> 00:07:04.160 Their remorse for their deeds. 00:07:04.160 --> 00:07:06.160 The evil ones in this world. 00:07:06.160 --> 00:07:08.160 And their regret for what has passed. 00:07:08.160 --> 00:07:10.160 From them, when regret will not benefit them. 00:07:10.160 --> 00:07:12.160 So He said. 00:07:12.160 --> 00:07:14.160 When the earth is shaken. 00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:16.160 And trembled, tremor after. 00:07:16.160 --> 00:07:18.160 It will shake and move. 00:07:18.160 --> 00:07:20.160 After it has been moved. 00:07:20.160 --> 00:07:22.160 And when your Lord comes, O Muhammad. 00:07:22.160 --> 00:07:24.160 And the angels, rank upon rank. 00:07:24.160 --> 00:07:26.160 Row after row. 00:07:26.160 --> 00:07:28.160 And Allah will come on that Day. 00:07:28.160 --> 00:07:30.160 With Hell. 00:07:30.160 --> 00:07:32.160 On that Day, man will remember. 00:07:32.160 --> 00:07:34.160 His negligence in the world regarding the obedience of Allah. 00:07:34.160 --> 00:07:36.160 And regarding that which draws him closer. 00:07:36.160 --> 00:07:38.160 To Him through righteous deeds. 00:07:38.160 --> 00:07:40.160 And from what path will he have. 00:07:40.160 --> 00:07:42.839 Remembrance? 00:07:42.839 --> 00:07:44.839 He will say, "Oh, I wish I had. 00:07:44.839 --> 00:07:46.839 Sent ahead for my life." 00:07:46.839 --> 00:07:48.839 For on that Day. 00:07:48.839 --> 00:07:50.839 None will punish with His punishment. 00:07:50.839 --> 00:07:52.839 Anyone. 00:07:52.839 --> 00:07:54.839 And none will bind with His binding. 00:07:54.839 --> 00:07:57.699 Anyone. 00:07:57.699 --> 00:07:59.699 The Exalted says, in His remembrance. 00:07:59.699 --> 00:08:01.699 Informing us of the anguish of the son of Adam. 00:08:01.699 --> 00:08:03.699 And his sorrow on the Day of Resurrection. 00:08:03.699 --> 00:08:05.699 And his regret for his negligence. 00:08:05.699 --> 00:08:07.699 Regarding righteous deeds. 00:08:07.699 --> 00:08:09.699 In the world, which would have earned him. 00:08:09.699 --> 00:08:11.699 Eternal existence in bliss. 00:08:11.699 --> 00:08:13.699 That never ends. 00:08:13.699 --> 00:08:15.699 "Oh, I wish I had sent ahead in the world. 00:08:15.699 --> 00:08:17.699 Righteous deeds for this life of mine." 00:08:17.699 --> 00:08:19.699 Which has no death. 00:08:19.699 --> 00:08:21.699 After it. 00:08:21.699 --> 00:08:23.699 That which would save me from the wrath of Allah. 00:08:23.699 --> 00:08:25.889 And secure for me His pleasure. 00:08:25.889 --> 00:08:27.889 For on that Day, none will punish. 00:08:27.889 --> 00:08:29.889 With the punishment of Allah, anyone. 00:08:29.889 --> 00:08:31.889 In the world. 00:08:31.889 --> 00:08:33.889 And none will bind like the binding of Allah. 00:08:33.889 --> 00:08:36.600 Anyone in the world. 00:08:36.600 --> 00:08:38.600 "O tranquil soul. 00:08:38.600 --> 00:08:40.600 At peace. 00:08:40.600 --> 00:08:42.600 Return. 00:08:42.600 --> 00:08:44.600 To your Lord. 00:08:44.600 --> 00:08:46.600 Well-pleased. 00:08:46.600 --> 00:08:48.600 And well-pleasing. 00:08:48.600 --> 00:08:50.600 So enter among My servants. 00:08:50.600 --> 00:08:52.600 And enter. 00:08:52.600 --> 00:08:54.600 My Paradise." 00:08:54.600 --> 00:08:57.429 O soul that is. 00:08:57.429 --> 00:08:59.429 Tranquil with the promise of Allah. 00:08:59.429 --> 00:09:01.429 Which He promised. 00:09:01.429 --> 00:09:03.429 The people of faith in Him in the world. 00:09:03.429 --> 00:09:05.429 Of honor in the Hereafter. 00:09:05.429 --> 00:09:07.429 And you believed in that. 00:09:07.429 --> 00:09:09.429 Return to your Lord. 00:09:09.429 --> 00:09:11.429 This is a message. 00:09:11.429 --> 00:09:13.429 From Allah, may His majesty be exalted. 00:09:13.429 --> 00:09:15.429 Through the angels to the soul of the believer. 00:09:15.429 --> 00:09:17.429 At the time of resurrection. 00:09:17.429 --> 00:09:19.429 Commanding it to return to the body. 00:09:19.429 --> 00:09:21.429 Of its owner. 00:09:21.429 --> 00:09:23.429 "So enter among My righteous servants. 00:09:23.429 --> 00:09:27.539 And enter My Paradise." 00:09:27.539 --> 00:09:29.539 This is the summary from the Tafsir of al-Tabari.