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A Summary of the Concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah

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Allah, Glorified and Exalted, has two wills.

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First, the legislative will.

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This refers to His commands, Glorified and Exalted,

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and His legislative obligations which He loves and is pleased with for His servants.

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This is the will described as ease,

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as Allah, the Most High, said:

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“The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the Criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, (let him fast the same) number of other days. Allah desireth for you ease; He desireth not hardship for you; and (He desireth) that ye should complete the period, and that ye should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that peradventure ye may be thankful.” (2:185)

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Second,

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the cosmic, decree-based will.

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This is Allah's decree and His predestination which He ordains in the universe.

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What Allah ordains may be legislatively willed,

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or it may not be.

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As in the case of the existence of disbelief in reality.

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Allah, the Most High, said:

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“If ye are thankless, yet Allah is Independent of you, though He is not pleased with thanklessness for His bondmen; and if ye are thankful He is pleased therewith for you. No laden soul will bear another's load. Then unto your Lord is your return; and He will tell you what ye used to do. Lo! He knoweth what is in the breasts (of men).” (39:7)

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So, the summary is:

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The legislative will

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is what Allah wills from us, and He loves and is pleased with.

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And the cosmic will

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is what Allah wills for us.

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And it is not necessary that He loves it and is pleased with it legislatively.

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Rather, He may forbid it and detest it religiously and legislatively.

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He only willed it by His wisdom and justice for trial,

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and for purposes we do not know,

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though He knows them.

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This is summarized by a dialogue, by allusion and implication,

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that took place between a Mu'tazilite who denies predestination

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and a Sunni who affirms Allah's decree.

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The Mu'tazilite said:

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Glorified is He who is far removed from indecency.

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He means by this that Allah does not decree evil and sins.

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The Sunni said:

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Glorified is He whose dominion is not enacted except by His will.

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He means that both good and evil are by Allah's decree.

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So the Mu'tazilite asked:

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Does our Lord love to be disobeyed?

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The Sunni silenced him with his saying:

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Is our Lord disobeyed while He is compelled?

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A summary of the concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah.