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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

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Ifadah Center

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For Humanities Studies and Research

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Presents

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Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari

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Chapter: Earnings of a Prostitute and Slave Girls

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Narrated by Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade the earnings of slave girls.

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Commentary on the hadith

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Regarding the earnings of slave girls:

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The intended meaning

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Is the income a slave girl acquires through immorality.

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As for what she acquires through permissible labor,

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That is not forbidden.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith

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That adultery and the wages derived from it are forbidden.

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It also contains a prohibition against unlawful earnings.

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It further indicates that a condition for a valid lease

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Is that it must be for a permissible benefit.

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Chapter: The Stud Fee

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Narrated by Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade the stud fee.

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Commentary on the hadith

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The stud fee:

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Meaning the semen of the stallion.

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It is also said:

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It is the fee taken for the mating of the stallion.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith

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That selling the semen of a stallion is forbidden,

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As is charging a fee for mating.

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The hadith also points to the encouragement of noble character.

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Chapter: If one leases land and one of the two parties dies

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From Nafi'

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From 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave Khaybar to the Jews

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On the condition that they work it and cultivate it,

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And they would have half of what it produces.

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In another narration:

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Of fruit or crops.

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And that Ibn 'Umar reported

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That farms used to be leased for a portion of the yield.

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And from Nafi'

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From Rafi' ibn Khadij

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That the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade the leasing of farms.

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So Ibn 'Umar went to Rafi'

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And I went with him.

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He asked him,

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And he said:

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The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade the leasing of farms.

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Ibn 'Umar said:

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You know that we used to lease our farms during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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For what was produced on the four [irrigation channels],

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And for some straw.

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Commentary on the hadith

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"Work it and cultivate it":

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Meaning they work the palm trees therein,

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And cultivate the open land within it.

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"Half":

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Meaning a specific portion.

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"Leasing of farms":

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Meaning renting them out.

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"On the four":

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Meaning for what is produced on the four,

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Which are the irrigation channels and streams.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith

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The legitimacy of leasing agricultural land.

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The hadith is used as evidence for the permissibility of sharecropping with the People of the Book in permissible matters.

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Book of Transfers of Debt (Hawalat)

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Hawalah:

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Is the transfer of a debt from one liability to another.

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Chapter: The Transfer of Debt

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And whether one can retract a transfer of debt.

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From Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him)

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That the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

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"Procrastination by a wealthy person is injustice.

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So if one of you is referred to a solvent person,

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Let him accept the transfer."

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Commentary on the hadith

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"Procrastination" (Matl):

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Matl

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Is the delaying of the fulfillment of a debt

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Despite having the ability to pay.

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"Wealthy":

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Meaning the one capable of paying.

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"Referred" (Utbi'a):

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Meaning the debt is transferred.

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"Solvent" (Mali'):

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Meaning wealthy.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith

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That it is forbidden for a wealthy person to procrastinate on a due debt.

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It also contains the prohibition of injustice.

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It provides guidance toward leniency in collecting debts.

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Chapter: If one transfers the debt of a deceased person to another, it is permissible.

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From Salamah ibn al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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We were sitting with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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When a funeral was brought.

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They said:

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"Pray over him."

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He said:

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"Does he have any debt?"

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They said, "No."

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He said:

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"Did he leave anything behind?"

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They said, "No."

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So he prayed over him.

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Then another funeral was brought.

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They said:

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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Pray over him."

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He said:

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"Does he have any debt?"

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It was said, "Yes."

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He said:

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"Did he leave anything behind?"

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They said:

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"Three dinars."

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So he prayed over him.

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Then a third was brought.

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They said:

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"Pray over him."

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He said:

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"Did he leave anything behind?"

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They said, "No."

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He said:

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"Does he have any debt?"

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They said:

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"Three dinars."

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He said:

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"Pray over your companion."

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Abu Qatadah said:

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"Pray over him, O Messenger of Allah,

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And I will take responsibility for his debt."

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So he prayed over him.

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Commentary on the hadith

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"Did he leave anything behind?":

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Meaning to settle his debt.

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Abu Qatadah:

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He is al-Harith ibn Rib'i al-Khazraji al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him).

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"I will take responsibility for his debt":

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Meaning I will guarantee it.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith

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The legitimacy of guaranteeing a debt for the deceased.

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It also shows that guaranteeing a debt for the deceased clears his liability if the amount is known.

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It contains a warning against the consequences of debt,

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And a rebuke against procrastination.

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The hadith also points to the importance of minimizing burdens

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And preparing for the Hereafter.

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Book of Guarantee (Kafalah)

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Kafalah:

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Is the guaranteeing of debts and other obligations.

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Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted:

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﴾And to those whom your oaths have bound, give them their share﴿

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From Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both):

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﴾And to everyone We have appointed heirs﴿

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He said: "Heirs."

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﴾And to those whom your oaths have bound﴿

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He said:

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When the Muhajirun arrived in Medina,

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The Muhajir would inherit from the Ansari to the exclusion of his own blood relatives,

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Because of the brotherhood the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) established between them.

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When it was revealed:

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﴾And to everyone We have appointed heirs﴿

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It abrogated that.

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Then He said:

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﴾And to those whom your oaths have bound﴿

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Except for support, assistance, and advice.

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Inheritance has been removed,

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But one may bequeath to them.

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Commentary on the hadith

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"Heirs" (Mawali):

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Meaning those who support one another and are supported by one another,

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Through strengthening, victory, and cooperation in affairs.

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Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) interpreted it as heirs.

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"And to those whom your oaths have bound":

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Meaning those with whom you have entered into a covenant of alliance for support and assistance,

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And sharing in wealth and other matters.

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All of this is among the blessings of Allah upon His servants,

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As allies would cooperate in ways that some could not manage alone.

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"His relatives" (Rahm):

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The womb (rahm) refers to blood kinship.

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"Support" (Rifadah):

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Meaning assistance.

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And "Rifadah":

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Was the practice of the Quraysh in the pre-Islamic era to pool resources to buy food and drink for the pilgrims.

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"Inheritance has been removed":

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Meaning between those who had entered into such covenants.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith

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The permissibility of abrogation in Islam.

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It also shows the recommendation of making a bequest to a non-heir.

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It demonstrates the virtue of brotherhood in the religion of Allah the Almighty,

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And the virtue of cooperation in righteousness and piety.

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It also shows the obligation to support a Muslim and offer him sincere advice.

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'Asim reported:

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I said to Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him,

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"Has it reached you that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,

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'There is no confederacy in Islam'?"

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He replied,

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"The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, established a confederacy between the Quraysh and the Ansar in my house."

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Commentary on the hadith:

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"Has it reached you" means: Do you have knowledge of this?

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"No confederacy":

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A confederacy is a pact made between two or more parties.

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"Established a confederacy" means he created a bond of brotherhood between them.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith

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that Islam abolished every confederacy that contradicted its teachings.

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It also shows that brotherhood and confederacy in Islam are based on obedience to Allah the Almighty,

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mutual support in the religion,

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cooperation in righteousness and piety, and the establishment of truth.

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All of this remains valid and has not been abrogated.

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Chapter: Whoever guarantees a debt for a deceased person has no right to retract it.

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Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, reported:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,

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"If the wealth from Bahrain had come to me,

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I would have given you this, and this, and this."

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It did not arrive until the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed away.

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When the wealth from Bahrain arrived,

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Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, ordered a herald to announce:

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"Whoever is owed a debt by the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, or was promised something,

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let him come to us."

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So I went to him and said,

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"The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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promised me such and such."

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He scooped up a handful for me three times.

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And he said once,

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"I came to Abu Bakr and asked him,

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but he did not give me anything.

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Then I came to him, and he did not give me anything.

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Then I came to him a third time,

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and I said,

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'I asked you, and you did not give me anything.

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Then I asked you, and you did not give me anything.

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Then I asked you, and you did not give me anything.

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Either you give me,

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or you are being stingy with me.'"

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He said,

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"I said, 'You are being stingy with me.'"

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In one narration:

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"And what disease is more severe than stinginess?"

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He said this three times.

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"I did not withhold from you at any time

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except that I intended to give you."

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Jabir also reported:

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He scooped up a handful for me and said,

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"Count it."

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I found it to be five hundred.

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"Take twice as much."

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In one narration:

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"He counted five hundred into my hand,

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then five hundred,

257
00:12:16,399 --> 00:12:19,279
then five hundred."

258
00:12:19,279 --> 00:12:22,740
Commentary on the hadith:

259
00:12:22,740 --> 00:12:24,340
"Wealth from Bahrain":

260
00:12:24,340 --> 00:12:26,259
Meaning the jizya wealth.

261
00:12:26,259 --> 00:12:31,379
The governor of Bahrain appointed by the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

262
00:12:31,379 --> 00:12:35,299
was al-'Ala' ibn al-Hadrami, may Allah be pleased with him.

263
00:12:35,379 --> 00:12:39,460
"I would have given you this, and this, and this":

264
00:12:39,460 --> 00:12:42,740
Meaning he filled his palms three times.

265
00:12:42,740 --> 00:12:45,299
"Passed away" means died.

266
00:12:45,299 --> 00:12:48,029
"Promised" means he made a promise.

267
00:12:48,029 --> 00:12:49,389
"He scooped up":

268
00:12:49,389 --> 00:12:51,870
A handful is the amount held in the palm.

269
00:12:51,870 --> 00:12:54,379
It is the capacity of both palms.

270
00:12:54,379 --> 00:12:55,580
"I asked":

271
00:12:55,580 --> 00:12:57,759
Meaning I requested wealth.

272
00:12:57,759 --> 00:12:59,600
"You are being stingy with me":

273
00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:02,480
Meaning you are being accused of stinginess from my perspective.

274
00:13:02,480 --> 00:13:05,710
The intended meaning is: "You are not giving to me."

275
00:13:05,710 --> 00:13:07,149
"I did not withhold from you":

276
00:13:07,149 --> 00:13:08,909
Meaning from the gift.

277
00:13:08,909 --> 00:13:10,429
"Except that I intended":

278
00:13:10,429 --> 00:13:12,700
Meaning I was determined to do so.

279
00:13:12,700 --> 00:13:13,899
"Count it":

280
00:13:13,899 --> 00:13:14,940
From counting,

281
00:13:14,940 --> 00:13:16,860
which is enumeration.

282
00:13:16,860 --> 00:13:19,259
"Take twice as much":

283
00:13:19,259 --> 00:13:21,740
Meaning one thousand five hundred.

284
00:13:21,740 --> 00:13:26,860
Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, had delayed the gift due to his preoccupation.

285
00:13:26,860 --> 00:13:28,059
"More severe":

286
00:13:28,059 --> 00:13:30,610
Meaning the most severe disease.

287
00:13:30,690 --> 00:13:34,370
From the benefits of the hadith:

288
00:13:34,370 --> 00:13:36,370
It is derived from the hadith

289
00:13:36,370 --> 00:13:38,610
the acceptance of the report of a single narrator.

290
00:13:38,610 --> 00:13:41,730
It also shows the recommendation of fulfilling a promise.

291
00:13:41,730 --> 00:13:44,690
It also shows the commendability of generosity in giving,

292
00:13:44,690 --> 00:13:49,629
by avoiding excessive strictness in verification.

293
00:13:49,629 --> 00:13:52,210
Chapter: Debt.

294
00:13:52,210 --> 00:13:55,169
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported

295
00:13:55,169 --> 00:13:58,289
that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

296
00:13:58,289 --> 00:14:01,250
would have a deceased man brought to him

297
00:14:01,250 --> 00:14:03,169
who had a debt upon him.

298
00:14:03,169 --> 00:14:04,610
He would ask,

299
00:14:04,610 --> 00:14:07,539
"Has he left anything to cover his debt?"

300
00:14:07,539 --> 00:14:12,100
If it was reported that he had left enough to cover his debt, he would pray over him.

301
00:14:12,100 --> 00:14:14,500
Otherwise, he would say to the Muslims,

302
00:14:14,500 --> 00:14:17,309
"Pray over your companion."

303
00:14:17,309 --> 00:14:20,509
When Allah granted him the conquests,

304
00:14:20,509 --> 00:14:21,710
he said,

305
00:14:21,710 --> 00:14:25,629
"I am closer to the believers than their own selves."

306
00:14:25,629 --> 00:14:27,149
In one narration:

307
00:14:27,149 --> 00:14:32,940
"There is no believer except that I am closer to him in this world and the Hereafter.

308
00:14:33,019 --> 00:14:38,460
So whoever among the believers dies and leaves a debt, I am responsible for its repayment.

309
00:14:38,460 --> 00:14:42,049
And whoever leaves wealth, it is for his heirs."

310
00:14:42,049 --> 00:14:43,570
In one narration:

311
00:14:43,570 --> 00:14:46,879
"And whoever leaves dependents, they are our responsibility."

312
00:14:46,879 --> 00:14:48,559
In one narration:

313
00:14:48,559 --> 00:14:51,759
"Let his agnatic heirs inherit from him, whoever they may be.

314
00:14:51,759 --> 00:14:54,720
And whoever leaves a debt or a burden,

315
00:14:54,720 --> 00:14:58,610
let him come to me, for I am his guardian."

316
00:14:58,610 --> 00:15:01,840
Commentary on the hadith:

317
00:15:01,919 --> 00:15:05,139
"Brought" means he was brought forward.

318
00:15:05,139 --> 00:15:08,419
"Deceased" means the dead person.

319
00:15:08,419 --> 00:15:13,409
"He would ask" means the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

320
00:15:13,409 --> 00:15:16,049
"Has he left anything to cover his debt?"

321
00:15:16,049 --> 00:15:20,059
Meaning an amount exceeding the costs of his burial preparations.

322
00:15:20,059 --> 00:15:23,340
"If it was reported" means if they informed him.

323
00:15:23,340 --> 00:15:24,700
"Enough to cover":

324
00:15:24,700 --> 00:15:27,419
Meaning that which settles a debt.

325
00:15:27,419 --> 00:15:30,700
"I am closer to the believers than their own selves":

326
00:15:30,779 --> 00:15:33,100
Because he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

327
00:15:33,100 --> 00:15:36,539
offered them such counsel, compassion, and kindness

328
00:15:36,539 --> 00:15:39,179
that he was the most merciful of all creation.

329
00:15:39,179 --> 00:15:41,820
Thus, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

330
00:15:41,820 --> 00:15:46,240
is the greatest of all creation in his favor upon them, more than anyone else.

331
00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:50,019
"Burden" means dependents.

332
00:15:50,019 --> 00:15:53,940
From the benefits of the hadith:

333
00:15:53,940 --> 00:15:56,019
It is derived from the hadith

334
00:15:56,019 --> 00:15:59,730
the encouragement to pay off debts during one's lifetime.

335
00:15:59,730 --> 00:16:02,929
The hadith also indicates that the repayment of debt

336
00:16:02,929 --> 00:16:08,340
comes from the estate before the distribution of inheritance.

337
00:16:08,340 --> 00:16:10,720
Book of Agency.

338
00:16:10,720 --> 00:16:17,220
Agency is the delegation of a matter and the authority to act to another.

339
00:16:17,220 --> 00:16:22,769
Chapter: The agency of a partner for his partner in division and other matters.

340
00:16:22,769 --> 00:16:25,889
'Uqbah ibn 'Amir, may Allah be pleased with him, reported

341
00:16:25,889 --> 00:16:28,850
that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

342
00:16:28,850 --> 00:16:33,570
gave him sheep to distribute among his Companions as sacrifices.

343
00:16:33,649 --> 00:16:37,009
A young goat remained, according to one narration.

344
00:16:37,009 --> 00:16:39,759
It became a one-year-old goat for 'Uqbah.

345
00:16:39,759 --> 00:16:44,000
He mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

346
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:48,350
who said, "Sacrifice it yourself."

347
00:16:48,350 --> 00:16:51,580
Commentary on the hadith:

348
00:16:51,580 --> 00:16:55,039
"Distribute" means to divide.

349
00:16:55,039 --> 00:17:00,659
A young goat is one of the young of goats that has become strong.

350
00:17:00,659 --> 00:17:04,160
From the benefits of the hadith:

351
00:17:04,160 --> 00:17:08,240
It is derived from the hadith the legitimacy of the sacrifice.

352
00:17:08,240 --> 00:17:11,680
It also shows the permissibility of sacrificing a one-year-old goat.

353
00:17:11,680 --> 00:17:16,930
Because the young goat is one of the offspring of goats.

354
00:17:16,930 --> 00:17:23,869
Chapter: If a Muslim appoints a belligerent non-Muslim as an agent in the land of war or in the land of Islam, it is permissible.

355
00:17:23,869 --> 00:17:27,869
'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

356
00:17:27,869 --> 00:17:31,150
I wrote a contract with Umayyah ibn Khalaf

357
00:17:31,150 --> 00:17:34,349
that he would protect my property in Makkah,

358
00:17:34,430 --> 00:17:37,869
and I would protect his property in Madinah.

359
00:17:37,869 --> 00:17:40,029
When I mentioned "The Merciful" (al-Rahman),

360
00:17:40,029 --> 00:17:43,069
he said, "I do not know al-Rahman.

361
00:17:43,069 --> 00:17:47,009
Write to me using the name you used in the days of ignorance."

362
00:17:47,009 --> 00:17:49,839
So I wrote, "Abd 'Amr."

363
00:17:49,839 --> 00:17:52,240
When the day of Badr came,

364
00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:56,559
I went out to a mountain to protect him when the people were asleep.

365
00:17:56,559 --> 00:17:58,480
Bilal saw him.

366
00:17:58,480 --> 00:18:02,559
He went out until he stood before a group of the Ansar

367
00:18:02,640 --> 00:18:08,700
and said, "Umayyah ibn Khalaf! May I not be saved if Umayyah is saved!"

368
00:18:08,700 --> 00:18:13,099
A group of the Ansar went out with him in pursuit of us.

369
00:18:13,099 --> 00:18:15,740
When I feared they would catch up to us,

370
00:18:15,740 --> 00:18:19,500
I left his son behind to distract them, and they killed him.

371
00:18:19,500 --> 00:18:22,299
Then they refused to stop until they followed us.

372
00:18:22,299 --> 00:18:24,859
He was a heavy man.

373
00:18:24,859 --> 00:18:26,779
When they caught up to us,

374
00:18:26,779 --> 00:18:28,779
I said to him, "Kneel."

375
00:18:28,779 --> 00:18:29,980
So he knelt.

376
00:18:30,059 --> 00:18:33,099
I threw myself over him to protect him,

377
00:18:33,099 --> 00:18:37,500
but they struck him with their swords from beneath me until they killed him.

378
00:18:37,500 --> 00:18:40,619
One of them hit my leg with his sword.

379
00:18:40,619 --> 00:18:46,690
'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf used to show us that scar on the back of his foot.

380
00:18:46,690 --> 00:18:50,109
Commentary on the hadith:

381
00:18:50,109 --> 00:18:55,230
"I wrote a contract" means I made a covenant and wrote a document for it.

382
00:18:55,230 --> 00:18:56,750
"My property":

383
00:18:56,750 --> 00:18:58,029
"Property" (al-saghiyah)

384
00:18:58,109 --> 00:19:03,680
refers to a person's special interests, including wealth, family, entourage, and followers.

385
00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:05,200
"Day of Badr":

386
00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:07,440
Meaning the Battle of Badr.

387
00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:08,720
"To protect him":

388
00:19:08,720 --> 00:19:10,480
Meaning to guard him.

389
00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:11,680
"Saw him":

390
00:19:11,680 --> 00:19:13,259
Meaning he caught sight of him.

391
00:19:13,259 --> 00:19:15,819
"May I not be saved if Umayyah is saved":

392
00:19:15,819 --> 00:19:17,180
He said that

393
00:19:17,180 --> 00:19:23,869
because Umayyah used to torture Bilal, may Allah be pleased with him, in Makkah severely.

394
00:19:23,869 --> 00:19:24,910
"Group":

395
00:19:24,910 --> 00:19:26,509
Meaning a party.

396
00:19:26,509 --> 00:19:28,190
"In pursuit of us":

397
00:19:28,190 --> 00:19:30,349
Meaning: they are searching for us.

398
00:19:30,349 --> 00:19:31,390
He left behind.

399
00:19:31,390 --> 00:19:33,390
Meaning: he left behind us.

400
00:19:33,390 --> 00:19:34,829
He has a build.

401
00:19:34,829 --> 00:19:36,269
Meaning: Ibn Umayyah.

402
00:19:36,269 --> 00:19:38,029
His name is ‘Ali.

403
00:19:38,029 --> 00:19:40,269
He was a heavy-set man.

404
00:19:40,269 --> 00:19:43,309
Meaning: Umayyah was a large man.

405
00:19:43,309 --> 00:19:44,269
He knelt down.

406
00:19:44,269 --> 00:19:45,789
Meaning: he sat.

407
00:19:45,789 --> 00:19:47,069
To protect him.

408
00:19:47,069 --> 00:19:50,589
Meaning: to defend him and save him from being killed.

409
00:19:50,589 --> 00:19:52,109
They pierced through.

410
00:19:52,109 --> 00:19:56,109
Meaning: they thrust their swords through him until they reached him.

411
00:19:56,109 --> 00:19:58,400
And they stabbed him with them.

412
00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:01,940
From the benefits of the hadith:

413
00:20:30,269 --> 00:20:34,670
And taking retribution from the oppressor.

414
00:20:34,670 --> 00:20:38,750
Chapter: If a shepherd or an agent sees a sheep dying,

415
00:20:38,750 --> 00:20:40,670
Or something that is about to spoil,

416
00:20:40,670 --> 00:20:45,180
He may slaughter it and rectify what is feared to be lost.

417
00:20:45,180 --> 00:20:47,019
On the authority of Ka‘b Ibn Malik:

418
00:20:47,019 --> 00:20:50,779
That they had sheep grazing at Sal‘.

419
00:20:50,779 --> 00:20:55,420
A slave girl of ours saw one of our sheep dying,

420
00:20:55,420 --> 00:20:58,700
So she broke a stone and slaughtered it with it.

421
00:20:58,700 --> 00:21:00,299
He said to them:

422
00:21:00,380 --> 00:21:05,259
"Do not eat until I ask the Prophet, peace be upon him."

423
00:21:05,259 --> 00:21:10,289
Or he sent someone to the Prophet, peace be upon him, to ask him.

424
00:21:10,289 --> 00:21:14,609
And he asked the Prophet, peace be upon him, about that.

425
00:21:14,609 --> 00:21:16,130
Or he sent [someone].

426
00:21:16,130 --> 00:21:18,960
So he commanded him to eat it.

427
00:21:18,960 --> 00:21:22,289
Commentary on the hadith:

428
00:21:22,289 --> 00:21:23,410
At Sal‘:

429
00:21:23,410 --> 00:21:26,670
It is a small mountain in Madinah.

430
00:21:26,670 --> 00:21:30,369
From the benefits of the hadith:

431
00:21:30,450 --> 00:21:32,609
It is derived from the hadith:

432
00:21:32,609 --> 00:21:35,809
The permissibility of slaughtering an animal that is on the verge of death.

433
00:21:35,809 --> 00:21:39,809
It contains the legitimacy of sending someone to ask and receive an answer.

434
00:21:39,809 --> 00:21:44,609
The hadith indicates the preservation of wealth from being lost.

435
00:21:44,609 --> 00:21:47,009
It shows the validity of an agent's actions,

436
00:21:47,009 --> 00:21:52,720
In matters that result in the benefit of the principal.

437
00:21:52,720 --> 00:21:53,680
Chapter:

438
00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:57,700
The agency of those present and absent is permissible.

439
00:21:57,700 --> 00:22:00,500
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him:

440
00:22:00,579 --> 00:22:05,220
That a man demanded payment of a debt from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

441
00:22:05,220 --> 00:22:06,819
And he was harsh with him.

442
00:22:06,819 --> 00:22:09,059
His Companions intended to harm him.

443
00:22:09,059 --> 00:22:10,339
He said:

444
00:22:10,339 --> 00:22:11,380
"Leave him,

445
00:22:11,380 --> 00:22:14,579
For the one who has a right has a claim."

446
00:22:14,579 --> 00:22:18,460
And they bought a camel for him and gave it to him.

447
00:22:18,460 --> 00:22:19,900
In one narration:

448
00:22:19,900 --> 00:22:22,980
"Give him one of the same age as his."

449
00:22:22,980 --> 00:22:24,259
They said:

450
00:22:24,259 --> 00:22:27,730
"We cannot find anything except better than his age."

451
00:22:27,730 --> 00:22:28,769
He said:

452
00:22:28,769 --> 00:22:31,569
"Buy it and give it to him,

453
00:22:31,569 --> 00:22:35,569
For the best of you is the best of you in repayment."

454
00:22:35,569 --> 00:22:37,009
In one narration:

455
00:22:37,009 --> 00:22:38,369
He said:

456
00:22:38,369 --> 00:22:42,049
"You have fulfilled my right, may Allah fulfill yours."

457
00:22:42,049 --> 00:22:45,470
Commentary on the hadith:

458
00:22:45,470 --> 00:22:48,299
"The witness" means the one present.

459
00:22:48,299 --> 00:22:49,660
"Demanded payment":

460
00:22:49,660 --> 00:22:52,619
Meaning he requested that he fulfill what was owed to him.

461
00:22:52,619 --> 00:22:53,980
"He was harsh with him":

462
00:22:53,980 --> 00:22:56,579
Meaning he was stern in his demand.

463
00:22:56,579 --> 00:22:57,859
"They intended to harm him":

464
00:22:57,940 --> 00:23:00,259
Meaning they intended to hurt him.

465
00:23:00,259 --> 00:23:01,220
"Leave him":

466
00:23:01,220 --> 00:23:02,900
Meaning let him be.

467
00:23:02,900 --> 00:23:05,779
"For the one who has a right has a claim":

468
00:23:05,779 --> 00:23:09,730
Meaning the intensity of the demand and the strength of the argument.

469
00:23:09,730 --> 00:23:12,690
"We cannot find anything except better than his age":

470
00:23:12,690 --> 00:23:15,009
Meaning they found a camel that was of an age,

471
00:23:15,009 --> 00:23:18,589
Older than the age of the camel that was owed.

472
00:23:18,589 --> 00:23:20,269
"The best of you":

473
00:23:20,269 --> 00:23:22,589
Meaning the most excellent of you.

474
00:23:22,589 --> 00:23:24,589
"The best of you in repayment":

475
00:23:24,589 --> 00:23:26,420
Meaning for the debt.

476
00:23:26,420 --> 00:23:27,859
"You have fulfilled my right":

477
00:23:27,859 --> 00:23:31,410
Meaning you have given me my right in full.

478
00:23:31,410 --> 00:23:34,819
From the benefits of the hadith:

479
00:23:34,819 --> 00:23:36,900
It is derived from the hadith:

480
00:23:36,900 --> 00:23:40,339
That whoever harms the ruler with harshness and the like,

481
00:23:40,339 --> 00:23:44,019
His companions may rebuke him and disapprove of him,

482
00:23:44,019 --> 00:23:47,220
Even if the ruler does not command them to do so.

483
00:23:47,220 --> 00:23:51,220
It contains the legitimacy of appointing an agent for those present and capable.

484
00:23:51,220 --> 00:23:53,940
It contains the permissibility of taking a debt.

485
00:23:53,940 --> 00:23:56,740
It contains the permissibility of borrowing an animal.

486
00:23:56,900 --> 00:24:01,299
It contains that the Imam may borrow on behalf of the poor against the zakat,

487
00:24:01,299 --> 00:24:06,690
And for other Muslims against the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal).

488
00:24:06,690 --> 00:24:12,619
Chapter: If one gives something as a gift to an agent or an intercessor of a people, it is permissible.

489
00:24:12,619 --> 00:24:14,539
On the authority of Marwan Ibn al-Hakam,

490
00:24:14,539 --> 00:24:16,539
And al-Miswar Ibn Makhramah:

491
00:24:16,539 --> 00:24:19,259
That the Prophet, peace be upon him,

492
00:24:19,259 --> 00:24:22,940
Said when the delegation of Hawazin came to him as Muslims:

493
00:24:22,940 --> 00:24:27,259
They asked him to return their wealth and their captives to them.

494
00:24:27,259 --> 00:24:28,859
He said to them:

495
00:24:28,859 --> 00:24:30,619
"I have with me those whom you see.

496
00:24:30,619 --> 00:24:33,740
The most beloved speech to me is the most truthful.

497
00:24:33,740 --> 00:24:36,460
So choose one of the two groups:

498
00:24:36,460 --> 00:24:39,099
Either the captives or the wealth."

499
00:24:39,099 --> 00:24:41,660
"I had waited."

500
00:24:41,660 --> 00:24:44,220
The Prophet, peace be upon him,

501
00:24:44,220 --> 00:24:46,859
Had waited for them for ten-odd nights,

502
00:24:46,859 --> 00:24:49,420
When he returned from al-Ta'if.

503
00:24:49,420 --> 00:24:53,579
When it became clear to them that the Prophet, peace be upon him,

504
00:24:53,579 --> 00:24:57,740
Would not return to them anything but one of the two groups,

505
00:24:57,819 --> 00:24:58,859
They said:

506
00:24:58,859 --> 00:25:01,579
"We choose our captives."

507
00:25:01,579 --> 00:25:03,579
So he stood among the Muslims,

508
00:25:03,579 --> 00:25:06,299
And praised Allah as He deserves,

509
00:25:06,299 --> 00:25:07,819
Then said:

510
00:25:07,819 --> 00:25:09,500
"To proceed:

511
00:25:09,500 --> 00:25:13,579
These brothers of yours have come to us repentant.

512
00:25:13,579 --> 00:25:17,339
I have decided to return their captives to them.

513
00:25:17,339 --> 00:25:21,900
Whoever among you likes to do so willingly, let him do it.

514
00:25:21,900 --> 00:25:24,380
And whoever likes to keep his share,

515
00:25:24,460 --> 00:25:29,259
Until we give it to him from the first spoils Allah grants us,

516
00:25:29,259 --> 00:25:30,940
Let him do so."

517
00:25:30,940 --> 00:25:32,700
The people said:

518
00:25:32,700 --> 00:25:35,259
"We do so willingly, O Messenger of Allah."

519
00:25:35,259 --> 00:25:36,859
He said to them:

520
00:25:36,859 --> 00:25:39,740
"We do not know who among you has consented to this,

521
00:25:39,740 --> 00:25:41,819
And who has not.

522
00:25:41,819 --> 00:25:46,380
So return until your representatives report your decision to us."

523
00:25:46,380 --> 00:25:47,980
The people returned,

524
00:25:47,980 --> 00:25:50,460
And their representatives spoke to them,

525
00:25:50,460 --> 00:25:54,380
Then they returned to the Prophet, peace be upon him,

526
00:25:54,380 --> 00:25:59,259
And informed him that they had consented and agreed.

527
00:25:59,259 --> 00:26:02,720
Commentary on the hadith:

528
00:26:02,720 --> 00:26:04,480
The delegation of Hawazin.

529
00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:05,519
The delegation:

530
00:26:05,519 --> 00:26:10,160
A group that visits leaders for a visit and to request a gift.

531
00:26:10,160 --> 00:26:14,640
The delegation of Hawazin came after the battle of Hawazin on the day of Hunayn.

532
00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:19,180
It was after the conquest in the eighth year of the Hijrah.

533
00:26:19,180 --> 00:26:20,140
"Return":

534
00:26:20,140 --> 00:26:21,740
Meaning give back.

535
00:26:21,740 --> 00:26:22,940
"I waited":

536
00:26:22,940 --> 00:26:24,700
Meaning I delayed.

537
00:26:24,700 --> 00:26:25,579
"Returned":

538
00:26:25,579 --> 00:26:27,170
Meaning he came back.

539
00:26:27,170 --> 00:26:28,690
"It became clear to them":

540
00:26:28,690 --> 00:26:30,609
Meaning it appeared to them.

541
00:26:30,609 --> 00:26:32,529
"To do so willingly":

542
00:26:32,529 --> 00:26:37,869
Meaning to return the captives for free with his own consent and a willing heart.

543
00:26:37,869 --> 00:26:39,309
"Keep his share":

544
00:26:39,309 --> 00:26:42,140
Meaning his portion of the captives.

545
00:26:42,140 --> 00:26:44,880
"What Allah grants us":

546
00:26:44,880 --> 00:26:46,000
The Fay':

547
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:52,140
It is what the Muslims obtain from the wealth of the disbelievers without war or jihad.

548
00:26:52,140 --> 00:26:53,420
"We do not know":

549
00:26:53,420 --> 00:26:55,180
Meaning we do not have knowledge.

550
00:26:55,180 --> 00:26:57,259
"Until it is reported to us":

551
00:26:57,259 --> 00:26:59,579
Meaning until he informs us.

552
00:26:59,579 --> 00:27:01,259
"Your representatives":

553
00:27:01,259 --> 00:27:02,220
The representative (al-‘arif):

554
00:27:02,220 --> 00:27:06,460
He is the one in charge of the affairs of the tribe or town, managing their matters.

555
00:27:06,460 --> 00:27:10,500
He reports their condition and needs to the leader.

556
00:27:10,500 --> 00:27:14,130
From the benefits of the hadith:

557
00:27:14,130 --> 00:27:16,210
It is derived from the hadith:

558
00:27:16,210 --> 00:27:20,609
That the spoils of war are only owned by the victors through distribution.

559
00:27:20,609 --> 00:27:25,009
It contains that a promise of compensation for an unknown period is permissible.

560
00:27:25,009 --> 00:27:29,410
Since it is not known when Allah, the Almighty, will grant them spoils.

561
00:27:29,410 --> 00:27:37,329
It contains that it is permissible for the Imam, if the people of war come to him as Muslims after he has taken their wealth and families,

562
00:27:37,329 --> 00:27:41,789
To return them to them if he sees a benefit in that.

563
00:27:41,789 --> 00:27:44,589
It contains the acceptance of the report of a single narrator.

564
00:27:44,589 --> 00:27:50,509
The hadith indicates that the wealth of a Muslim is not lawful except with his willing consent.