WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.700 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 00:00:04.429 --> 00:00:06.589 Ifadah Center 00:00:06.589 --> 00:00:09.710 For Humanities Studies and Research 00:00:09.710 --> 00:00:12.029 Presents 00:00:12.029 --> 00:00:17.730 Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari 00:00:17.730 --> 00:00:21.250 Chapter: Earnings of a Prostitute and Slave Girls 00:00:21.250 --> 00:00:24.850 Narrated by Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:00:24.850 --> 00:00:30.370 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade the earnings of slave girls. 00:00:30.370 --> 00:00:33.869 Commentary on the hadith 00:00:33.950 --> 00:00:35.869 Regarding the earnings of slave girls: 00:00:35.869 --> 00:00:37.070 The intended meaning 00:00:37.070 --> 00:00:40.590 Is the income a slave girl acquires through immorality. 00:00:40.590 --> 00:00:43.950 As for what she acquires through permissible labor, 00:00:43.950 --> 00:00:47.020 That is not forbidden. 00:00:47.020 --> 00:00:50.640 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:00:50.640 --> 00:00:52.640 It is derived from the hadith 00:00:52.640 --> 00:00:55.200 That adultery and the wages derived from it are forbidden. 00:00:55.200 --> 00:00:58.159 It also contains a prohibition against unlawful earnings. 00:00:58.159 --> 00:01:00.880 It further indicates that a condition for a valid lease 00:01:00.880 --> 00:01:05.969 Is that it must be for a permissible benefit. 00:01:06.129 --> 00:01:08.930 Chapter: The Stud Fee 00:01:08.930 --> 00:01:12.450 Narrated by Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:01:12.450 --> 00:01:18.129 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade the stud fee. 00:01:18.129 --> 00:01:21.340 Commentary on the hadith 00:01:21.340 --> 00:01:22.859 The stud fee: 00:01:22.859 --> 00:01:24.700 Meaning the semen of the stallion. 00:01:24.700 --> 00:01:25.900 It is also said: 00:01:25.900 --> 00:01:30.290 It is the fee taken for the mating of the stallion. 00:01:30.290 --> 00:01:33.790 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:01:33.790 --> 00:01:35.950 It is derived from the hadith 00:01:35.950 --> 00:01:38.189 That selling the semen of a stallion is forbidden, 00:01:38.189 --> 00:01:40.670 As is charging a fee for mating. 00:01:40.670 --> 00:01:47.540 The hadith also points to the encouragement of noble character. 00:01:47.540 --> 00:01:52.060 Chapter: If one leases land and one of the two parties dies 00:01:52.060 --> 00:01:53.420 From Nafi' 00:01:53.420 --> 00:01:56.859 From 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:01:56.859 --> 00:02:01.579 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave Khaybar to the Jews 00:02:01.579 --> 00:02:04.459 On the condition that they work it and cultivate it, 00:02:04.459 --> 00:02:07.700 And they would have half of what it produces. 00:02:07.700 --> 00:02:09.060 In another narration: 00:02:09.060 --> 00:02:11.460 Of fruit or crops. 00:02:11.460 --> 00:02:13.780 And that Ibn 'Umar reported 00:02:13.780 --> 00:02:18.129 That farms used to be leased for a portion of the yield. 00:02:18.129 --> 00:02:19.650 And from Nafi' 00:02:19.650 --> 00:02:21.810 From Rafi' ibn Khadij 00:02:21.810 --> 00:02:27.250 That the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade the leasing of farms. 00:02:27.250 --> 00:02:29.810 So Ibn 'Umar went to Rafi' 00:02:29.810 --> 00:02:31.409 And I went with him. 00:02:31.409 --> 00:02:32.770 He asked him, 00:02:32.770 --> 00:02:34.129 And he said: 00:02:34.129 --> 00:02:39.090 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade the leasing of farms. 00:02:39.090 --> 00:02:40.849 Ibn 'Umar said: 00:02:40.849 --> 00:02:47.969 You know that we used to lease our farms during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:02:47.969 --> 00:02:49.889 For what was produced on the four [irrigation channels], 00:02:49.889 --> 00:02:53.120 And for some straw. 00:02:53.120 --> 00:02:56.419 Commentary on the hadith 00:02:56.419 --> 00:02:58.900 "Work it and cultivate it": 00:02:58.900 --> 00:03:01.300 Meaning they work the palm trees therein, 00:03:01.300 --> 00:03:04.020 And cultivate the open land within it. 00:03:04.020 --> 00:03:05.060 "Half": 00:03:05.060 --> 00:03:07.379 Meaning a specific portion. 00:03:07.379 --> 00:03:09.219 "Leasing of farms": 00:03:09.300 --> 00:03:11.360 Meaning renting them out. 00:03:11.360 --> 00:03:12.960 "On the four": 00:03:12.960 --> 00:03:15.599 Meaning for what is produced on the four, 00:03:15.599 --> 00:03:18.780 Which are the irrigation channels and streams. 00:03:18.780 --> 00:03:22.539 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:03:22.539 --> 00:03:24.699 It is derived from the hadith 00:03:24.699 --> 00:03:28.219 The legitimacy of leasing agricultural land. 00:03:28.219 --> 00:03:36.300 The hadith is used as evidence for the permissibility of sharecropping with the People of the Book in permissible matters. 00:03:36.300 --> 00:03:38.930 Book of Transfers of Debt (Hawalat) 00:03:38.930 --> 00:03:40.289 Hawalah: 00:03:40.289 --> 00:03:46.289 Is the transfer of a debt from one liability to another. 00:03:46.289 --> 00:03:47.969 Chapter: The Transfer of Debt 00:03:47.969 --> 00:03:50.900 And whether one can retract a transfer of debt. 00:03:50.900 --> 00:03:53.699 From Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:03:53.699 --> 00:03:58.020 That the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:03:58.020 --> 00:04:00.340 "Procrastination by a wealthy person is injustice. 00:04:00.340 --> 00:04:03.379 So if one of you is referred to a solvent person, 00:04:03.379 --> 00:04:05.860 Let him accept the transfer." 00:04:05.860 --> 00:04:09.039 Commentary on the hadith 00:04:09.039 --> 00:04:10.159 "Procrastination" (Matl): 00:04:10.159 --> 00:04:11.199 Matl 00:04:11.199 --> 00:04:13.680 Is the delaying of the fulfillment of a debt 00:04:13.680 --> 00:04:16.399 Despite having the ability to pay. 00:04:16.399 --> 00:04:17.600 "Wealthy": 00:04:17.600 --> 00:04:20.079 Meaning the one capable of paying. 00:04:20.079 --> 00:04:21.279 "Referred" (Utbi'a): 00:04:21.279 --> 00:04:22.959 Meaning the debt is transferred. 00:04:22.959 --> 00:04:23.920 "Solvent" (Mali'): 00:04:23.920 --> 00:04:25.740 Meaning wealthy. 00:04:25.740 --> 00:04:29.360 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:04:29.360 --> 00:04:31.360 It is derived from the hadith 00:04:31.360 --> 00:04:36.160 That it is forbidden for a wealthy person to procrastinate on a due debt. 00:04:36.160 --> 00:04:38.399 It also contains the prohibition of injustice. 00:04:38.399 --> 00:04:45.060 It provides guidance toward leniency in collecting debts. 00:04:45.139 --> 00:04:50.339 Chapter: If one transfers the debt of a deceased person to another, it is permissible. 00:04:50.339 --> 00:04:54.420 From Salamah ibn al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:04:54.420 --> 00:04:58.740 We were sitting with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:04:58.740 --> 00:05:01.060 When a funeral was brought. 00:05:01.060 --> 00:05:02.339 They said: 00:05:02.339 --> 00:05:04.370 "Pray over him." 00:05:04.370 --> 00:05:05.649 He said: 00:05:05.649 --> 00:05:07.569 "Does he have any debt?" 00:05:07.569 --> 00:05:09.310 They said, "No." 00:05:09.310 --> 00:05:10.430 He said: 00:05:10.430 --> 00:05:12.509 "Did he leave anything behind?" 00:05:12.509 --> 00:05:14.189 They said, "No." 00:05:14.269 --> 00:05:16.290 So he prayed over him. 00:05:16.290 --> 00:05:19.009 Then another funeral was brought. 00:05:19.009 --> 00:05:20.290 They said: 00:05:20.290 --> 00:05:21.970 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:05:21.970 --> 00:05:23.870 Pray over him." 00:05:23.870 --> 00:05:24.990 He said: 00:05:24.990 --> 00:05:26.910 "Does he have any debt?" 00:05:26.910 --> 00:05:28.509 It was said, "Yes." 00:05:28.509 --> 00:05:29.629 He said: 00:05:29.629 --> 00:05:31.790 "Did he leave anything behind?" 00:05:31.790 --> 00:05:32.910 They said: 00:05:32.910 --> 00:05:35.230 "Three dinars." 00:05:35.230 --> 00:05:37.540 So he prayed over him. 00:05:37.540 --> 00:05:39.779 Then a third was brought. 00:05:39.779 --> 00:05:40.980 They said: 00:05:40.980 --> 00:05:43.040 "Pray over him." 00:05:43.040 --> 00:05:44.079 He said: 00:05:44.079 --> 00:05:46.079 "Did he leave anything behind?" 00:05:46.079 --> 00:05:47.899 They said, "No." 00:05:47.899 --> 00:05:49.019 He said: 00:05:49.019 --> 00:05:51.019 "Does he have any debt?" 00:05:51.019 --> 00:05:52.139 They said: 00:05:52.139 --> 00:05:54.379 "Three dinars." 00:05:54.379 --> 00:05:55.579 He said: 00:05:55.579 --> 00:05:58.370 "Pray over your companion." 00:05:58.370 --> 00:06:00.370 Abu Qatadah said: 00:06:00.370 --> 00:06:02.930 "Pray over him, O Messenger of Allah, 00:06:02.930 --> 00:06:05.019 And I will take responsibility for his debt." 00:06:05.019 --> 00:06:07.699 So he prayed over him. 00:06:07.699 --> 00:06:10.939 Commentary on the hadith 00:06:10.939 --> 00:06:12.939 "Did he leave anything behind?": 00:06:12.939 --> 00:06:15.069 Meaning to settle his debt. 00:06:15.069 --> 00:06:16.670 Abu Qatadah: 00:06:16.670 --> 00:06:22.189 He is al-Harith ibn Rib'i al-Khazraji al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:06:22.189 --> 00:06:23.949 "I will take responsibility for his debt": 00:06:23.949 --> 00:06:26.139 Meaning I will guarantee it. 00:06:26.139 --> 00:06:29.870 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:29.870 --> 00:06:31.870 It is derived from the hadith 00:06:31.870 --> 00:06:34.990 The legitimacy of guaranteeing a debt for the deceased. 00:06:34.990 --> 00:06:41.389 It also shows that guaranteeing a debt for the deceased clears his liability if the amount is known. 00:06:41.389 --> 00:06:44.189 It contains a warning against the consequences of debt, 00:06:44.189 --> 00:06:46.189 And a rebuke against procrastination. 00:06:46.189 --> 00:06:50.509 The hadith also points to the importance of minimizing burdens 00:06:50.509 --> 00:06:52.509 And preparing for the Hereafter. 00:06:52.509 --> 00:06:56.980 Book of Guarantee (Kafalah) 00:06:56.980 --> 00:06:59.100 Kafalah: 00:06:59.100 --> 00:07:01.579 Is the guaranteeing of debts and other obligations. 00:07:01.579 --> 00:07:06.370 Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted: 00:07:06.370 --> 00:07:11.170 ﴾And to those whom your oaths have bound, give them their share﴿ 00:07:11.170 --> 00:07:15.040 From Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): 00:07:15.040 --> 00:07:18.240 ﴾And to everyone We have appointed heirs﴿ 00:07:18.399 --> 00:07:20.399 He said: "Heirs." 00:07:20.399 --> 00:07:23.439 ﴾And to those whom your oaths have bound﴿ 00:07:23.439 --> 00:07:24.720 He said: 00:07:24.720 --> 00:07:28.079 When the Muhajirun arrived in Medina, 00:07:28.079 --> 00:07:32.160 The Muhajir would inherit from the Ansari to the exclusion of his own blood relatives, 00:07:32.160 --> 00:07:37.519 Because of the brotherhood the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) established between them. 00:07:37.519 --> 00:07:39.279 When it was revealed: 00:07:39.279 --> 00:07:42.079 ﴾And to everyone We have appointed heirs﴿ 00:07:42.079 --> 00:07:43.439 It abrogated that. 00:07:43.439 --> 00:07:44.959 Then He said: 00:07:44.959 --> 00:07:47.839 ﴾And to those whom your oaths have bound﴿ 00:07:47.839 --> 00:07:51.120 Except for support, assistance, and advice. 00:07:51.120 --> 00:07:53.120 Inheritance has been removed, 00:07:53.120 --> 00:07:55.660 But one may bequeath to them. 00:07:55.660 --> 00:07:58.379 Commentary on the hadith 00:07:58.639 --> 00:08:00.160 "Heirs" (Mawali): 00:08:00.160 --> 00:08:03.040 Meaning those who support one another and are supported by one another, 00:08:03.040 --> 00:08:06.879 Through strengthening, victory, and cooperation in affairs. 00:08:06.879 --> 00:08:11.279 Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) interpreted it as heirs. 00:08:11.279 --> 00:08:14.240 "And to those whom your oaths have bound": 00:08:14.399 --> 00:08:20.879 Meaning those with whom you have entered into a covenant of alliance for support and assistance, 00:08:20.879 --> 00:08:24.079 And sharing in wealth and other matters. 00:08:24.079 --> 00:08:27.519 All of this is among the blessings of Allah upon His servants, 00:08:27.519 --> 00:08:33.860 As allies would cooperate in ways that some could not manage alone. 00:08:33.860 --> 00:08:35.059 "His relatives" (Rahm): 00:08:35.059 --> 00:08:38.450 The womb (rahm) refers to blood kinship. 00:08:38.450 --> 00:08:39.730 "Support" (Rifadah): 00:08:39.730 --> 00:08:41.409 Meaning assistance. 00:08:41.409 --> 00:08:42.769 And "Rifadah": 00:08:42.850 --> 00:08:49.019 Was the practice of the Quraysh in the pre-Islamic era to pool resources to buy food and drink for the pilgrims. 00:08:49.019 --> 00:08:50.620 "Inheritance has been removed": 00:08:50.620 --> 00:08:53.500 Meaning between those who had entered into such covenants. 00:08:53.500 --> 00:08:57.100 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:57.100 --> 00:08:59.179 It is derived from the hadith 00:08:59.179 --> 00:09:01.740 The permissibility of abrogation in Islam. 00:09:01.740 --> 00:09:05.419 It also shows the recommendation of making a bequest to a non-heir. 00:09:05.419 --> 00:09:09.980 It demonstrates the virtue of brotherhood in the religion of Allah the Almighty, 00:09:10.059 --> 00:09:14.059 And the virtue of cooperation in righteousness and piety. 00:09:14.059 --> 00:09:20.100 It also shows the obligation to support a Muslim and offer him sincere advice. 00:09:20.100 --> 00:09:22.259 'Asim reported: 00:09:22.259 --> 00:09:25.700 I said to Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:09:25.700 --> 00:09:30.419 "Has it reached you that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said, 00:09:30.419 --> 00:09:32.899 'There is no confederacy in Islam'?" 00:09:32.899 --> 00:09:34.259 He replied, 00:09:34.259 --> 00:09:41.649 "The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, established a confederacy between the Quraysh and the Ansar in my house." 00:09:41.730 --> 00:09:44.929 Commentary on the hadith: 00:09:44.929 --> 00:09:48.620 "Has it reached you" means: Do you have knowledge of this? 00:09:48.620 --> 00:09:50.059 "No confederacy": 00:09:50.059 --> 00:09:54.669 A confederacy is a pact made between two or more parties. 00:09:54.669 --> 00:09:58.750 "Established a confederacy" means he created a bond of brotherhood between them. 00:09:58.750 --> 00:10:02.220 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:10:02.220 --> 00:10:04.220 It is derived from the hadith 00:10:04.220 --> 00:10:08.879 that Islam abolished every confederacy that contradicted its teachings. 00:10:08.960 --> 00:10:14.799 It also shows that brotherhood and confederacy in Islam are based on obedience to Allah the Almighty, 00:10:14.799 --> 00:10:16.480 mutual support in the religion, 00:10:16.480 --> 00:10:20.559 cooperation in righteousness and piety, and the establishment of truth. 00:10:20.559 --> 00:10:25.940 All of this remains valid and has not been abrogated. 00:10:25.940 --> 00:10:32.220 Chapter: Whoever guarantees a debt for a deceased person has no right to retract it. 00:10:32.220 --> 00:10:35.419 Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: 00:10:35.419 --> 00:10:39.179 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said, 00:10:39.259 --> 00:10:42.139 "If the wealth from Bahrain had come to me, 00:10:42.139 --> 00:10:47.039 I would have given you this, and this, and this." 00:10:47.039 --> 00:10:52.080 It did not arrive until the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed away. 00:10:52.080 --> 00:10:54.799 When the wealth from Bahrain arrived, 00:10:54.799 --> 00:10:58.320 Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, ordered a herald to announce: 00:10:58.320 --> 00:11:04.159 "Whoever is owed a debt by the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, or was promised something, 00:11:04.159 --> 00:11:05.919 let him come to us." 00:11:05.919 --> 00:11:08.080 So I went to him and said, 00:11:08.159 --> 00:11:11.279 "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:11:11.279 --> 00:11:13.679 promised me such and such." 00:11:13.679 --> 00:11:16.350 He scooped up a handful for me three times. 00:11:16.350 --> 00:11:18.029 And he said once, 00:11:18.029 --> 00:11:20.750 "I came to Abu Bakr and asked him, 00:11:20.750 --> 00:11:22.509 but he did not give me anything. 00:11:22.509 --> 00:11:25.549 Then I came to him, and he did not give me anything. 00:11:25.549 --> 00:11:27.789 Then I came to him a third time, 00:11:27.789 --> 00:11:28.990 and I said, 00:11:28.990 --> 00:11:31.470 'I asked you, and you did not give me anything. 00:11:31.470 --> 00:11:34.350 Then I asked you, and you did not give me anything. 00:11:34.350 --> 00:11:37.549 Then I asked you, and you did not give me anything. 00:11:37.549 --> 00:11:39.549 Either you give me, 00:11:39.549 --> 00:11:42.429 or you are being stingy with me.'" 00:11:42.429 --> 00:11:43.470 He said, 00:11:43.470 --> 00:11:46.059 "I said, 'You are being stingy with me.'" 00:11:46.059 --> 00:11:47.500 In one narration: 00:11:47.500 --> 00:11:50.539 "And what disease is more severe than stinginess?" 00:11:50.539 --> 00:11:52.929 He said this three times. 00:11:52.929 --> 00:11:54.850 "I did not withhold from you at any time 00:11:54.850 --> 00:11:58.379 except that I intended to give you." 00:11:58.379 --> 00:12:00.539 Jabir also reported: 00:12:00.539 --> 00:12:03.340 He scooped up a handful for me and said, 00:12:03.340 --> 00:12:04.700 "Count it." 00:12:04.700 --> 00:12:07.220 I found it to be five hundred. 00:12:08.019 --> 00:12:10.879 "Take twice as much." 00:12:10.879 --> 00:12:12.399 In one narration: 00:12:12.399 --> 00:12:14.799 "He counted five hundred into my hand, 00:12:14.799 --> 00:12:16.399 then five hundred, 00:12:16.399 --> 00:12:19.279 then five hundred." 00:12:19.279 --> 00:12:22.740 Commentary on the hadith: 00:12:22.740 --> 00:12:24.340 "Wealth from Bahrain": 00:12:24.340 --> 00:12:26.259 Meaning the jizya wealth. 00:12:26.259 --> 00:12:31.379 The governor of Bahrain appointed by the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:12:31.379 --> 00:12:35.299 was al-'Ala' ibn al-Hadrami, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:12:35.379 --> 00:12:39.460 "I would have given you this, and this, and this": 00:12:39.460 --> 00:12:42.740 Meaning he filled his palms three times. 00:12:42.740 --> 00:12:45.299 "Passed away" means died. 00:12:45.299 --> 00:12:48.029 "Promised" means he made a promise. 00:12:48.029 --> 00:12:49.389 "He scooped up": 00:12:49.389 --> 00:12:51.870 A handful is the amount held in the palm. 00:12:51.870 --> 00:12:54.379 It is the capacity of both palms. 00:12:54.379 --> 00:12:55.580 "I asked": 00:12:55.580 --> 00:12:57.759 Meaning I requested wealth. 00:12:57.759 --> 00:12:59.600 "You are being stingy with me": 00:12:59.600 --> 00:13:02.480 Meaning you are being accused of stinginess from my perspective. 00:13:02.480 --> 00:13:05.710 The intended meaning is: "You are not giving to me." 00:13:05.710 --> 00:13:07.149 "I did not withhold from you": 00:13:07.149 --> 00:13:08.909 Meaning from the gift. 00:13:08.909 --> 00:13:10.429 "Except that I intended": 00:13:10.429 --> 00:13:12.700 Meaning I was determined to do so. 00:13:12.700 --> 00:13:13.899 "Count it": 00:13:13.899 --> 00:13:14.940 From counting, 00:13:14.940 --> 00:13:16.860 which is enumeration. 00:13:16.860 --> 00:13:19.259 "Take twice as much": 00:13:19.259 --> 00:13:21.740 Meaning one thousand five hundred. 00:13:21.740 --> 00:13:26.860 Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, had delayed the gift due to his preoccupation. 00:13:26.860 --> 00:13:28.059 "More severe": 00:13:28.059 --> 00:13:30.610 Meaning the most severe disease. 00:13:30.690 --> 00:13:34.370 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:13:34.370 --> 00:13:36.370 It is derived from the hadith 00:13:36.370 --> 00:13:38.610 the acceptance of the report of a single narrator. 00:13:38.610 --> 00:13:41.730 It also shows the recommendation of fulfilling a promise. 00:13:41.730 --> 00:13:44.690 It also shows the commendability of generosity in giving, 00:13:44.690 --> 00:13:49.629 by avoiding excessive strictness in verification. 00:13:49.629 --> 00:13:52.210 Chapter: Debt. 00:13:52.210 --> 00:13:55.169 Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported 00:13:55.169 --> 00:13:58.289 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:13:58.289 --> 00:14:01.250 would have a deceased man brought to him 00:14:01.250 --> 00:14:03.169 who had a debt upon him. 00:14:03.169 --> 00:14:04.610 He would ask, 00:14:04.610 --> 00:14:07.539 "Has he left anything to cover his debt?" 00:14:07.539 --> 00:14:12.100 If it was reported that he had left enough to cover his debt, he would pray over him. 00:14:12.100 --> 00:14:14.500 Otherwise, he would say to the Muslims, 00:14:14.500 --> 00:14:17.309 "Pray over your companion." 00:14:17.309 --> 00:14:20.509 When Allah granted him the conquests, 00:14:20.509 --> 00:14:21.710 he said, 00:14:21.710 --> 00:14:25.629 "I am closer to the believers than their own selves." 00:14:25.629 --> 00:14:27.149 In one narration: 00:14:27.149 --> 00:14:32.940 "There is no believer except that I am closer to him in this world and the Hereafter. 00:14:33.019 --> 00:14:38.460 So whoever among the believers dies and leaves a debt, I am responsible for its repayment. 00:14:38.460 --> 00:14:42.049 And whoever leaves wealth, it is for his heirs." 00:14:42.049 --> 00:14:43.570 In one narration: 00:14:43.570 --> 00:14:46.879 "And whoever leaves dependents, they are our responsibility." 00:14:46.879 --> 00:14:48.559 In one narration: 00:14:48.559 --> 00:14:51.759 "Let his agnatic heirs inherit from him, whoever they may be. 00:14:51.759 --> 00:14:54.720 And whoever leaves a debt or a burden, 00:14:54.720 --> 00:14:58.610 let him come to me, for I am his guardian." 00:14:58.610 --> 00:15:01.840 Commentary on the hadith: 00:15:01.919 --> 00:15:05.139 "Brought" means he was brought forward. 00:15:05.139 --> 00:15:08.419 "Deceased" means the dead person. 00:15:08.419 --> 00:15:13.409 "He would ask" means the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:15:13.409 --> 00:15:16.049 "Has he left anything to cover his debt?" 00:15:16.049 --> 00:15:20.059 Meaning an amount exceeding the costs of his burial preparations. 00:15:20.059 --> 00:15:23.340 "If it was reported" means if they informed him. 00:15:23.340 --> 00:15:24.700 "Enough to cover": 00:15:24.700 --> 00:15:27.419 Meaning that which settles a debt. 00:15:27.419 --> 00:15:30.700 "I am closer to the believers than their own selves": 00:15:30.779 --> 00:15:33.100 Because he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:15:33.100 --> 00:15:36.539 offered them such counsel, compassion, and kindness 00:15:36.539 --> 00:15:39.179 that he was the most merciful of all creation. 00:15:39.179 --> 00:15:41.820 Thus, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:15:41.820 --> 00:15:46.240 is the greatest of all creation in his favor upon them, more than anyone else. 00:15:46.240 --> 00:15:50.019 "Burden" means dependents. 00:15:50.019 --> 00:15:53.940 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:15:53.940 --> 00:15:56.019 It is derived from the hadith 00:15:56.019 --> 00:15:59.730 the encouragement to pay off debts during one's lifetime. 00:15:59.730 --> 00:16:02.929 The hadith also indicates that the repayment of debt 00:16:02.929 --> 00:16:08.340 comes from the estate before the distribution of inheritance. 00:16:08.340 --> 00:16:10.720 Book of Agency. 00:16:10.720 --> 00:16:17.220 Agency is the delegation of a matter and the authority to act to another. 00:16:17.220 --> 00:16:22.769 Chapter: The agency of a partner for his partner in division and other matters. 00:16:22.769 --> 00:16:25.889 'Uqbah ibn 'Amir, may Allah be pleased with him, reported 00:16:25.889 --> 00:16:28.850 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:16:28.850 --> 00:16:33.570 gave him sheep to distribute among his Companions as sacrifices. 00:16:33.649 --> 00:16:37.009 A young goat remained, according to one narration. 00:16:37.009 --> 00:16:39.759 It became a one-year-old goat for 'Uqbah. 00:16:39.759 --> 00:16:44.000 He mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:16:44.000 --> 00:16:48.350 who said, "Sacrifice it yourself." 00:16:48.350 --> 00:16:51.580 Commentary on the hadith: 00:16:51.580 --> 00:16:55.039 "Distribute" means to divide. 00:16:55.039 --> 00:17:00.659 A young goat is one of the young of goats that has become strong. 00:17:00.659 --> 00:17:04.160 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:17:04.160 --> 00:17:08.240 It is derived from the hadith the legitimacy of the sacrifice. 00:17:08.240 --> 00:17:11.680 It also shows the permissibility of sacrificing a one-year-old goat. 00:17:11.680 --> 00:17:16.930 Because the young goat is one of the offspring of goats. 00:17:16.930 --> 00:17:23.869 Chapter: If a Muslim appoints a belligerent non-Muslim as an agent in the land of war or in the land of Islam, it is permissible. 00:17:23.869 --> 00:17:27.869 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 00:17:27.869 --> 00:17:31.150 I wrote a contract with Umayyah ibn Khalaf 00:17:31.150 --> 00:17:34.349 that he would protect my property in Makkah, 00:17:34.430 --> 00:17:37.869 and I would protect his property in Madinah. 00:17:37.869 --> 00:17:40.029 When I mentioned "The Merciful" (al-Rahman), 00:17:40.029 --> 00:17:43.069 he said, "I do not know al-Rahman. 00:17:43.069 --> 00:17:47.009 Write to me using the name you used in the days of ignorance." 00:17:47.009 --> 00:17:49.839 So I wrote, "Abd 'Amr." 00:17:49.839 --> 00:17:52.240 When the day of Badr came, 00:17:52.240 --> 00:17:56.559 I went out to a mountain to protect him when the people were asleep. 00:17:56.559 --> 00:17:58.480 Bilal saw him. 00:17:58.480 --> 00:18:02.559 He went out until he stood before a group of the Ansar 00:18:02.640 --> 00:18:08.700 and said, "Umayyah ibn Khalaf! May I not be saved if Umayyah is saved!" 00:18:08.700 --> 00:18:13.099 A group of the Ansar went out with him in pursuit of us. 00:18:13.099 --> 00:18:15.740 When I feared they would catch up to us, 00:18:15.740 --> 00:18:19.500 I left his son behind to distract them, and they killed him. 00:18:19.500 --> 00:18:22.299 Then they refused to stop until they followed us. 00:18:22.299 --> 00:18:24.859 He was a heavy man. 00:18:24.859 --> 00:18:26.779 When they caught up to us, 00:18:26.779 --> 00:18:28.779 I said to him, "Kneel." 00:18:28.779 --> 00:18:29.980 So he knelt. 00:18:30.059 --> 00:18:33.099 I threw myself over him to protect him, 00:18:33.099 --> 00:18:37.500 but they struck him with their swords from beneath me until they killed him. 00:18:37.500 --> 00:18:40.619 One of them hit my leg with his sword. 00:18:40.619 --> 00:18:46.690 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf used to show us that scar on the back of his foot. 00:18:46.690 --> 00:18:50.109 Commentary on the hadith: 00:18:50.109 --> 00:18:55.230 "I wrote a contract" means I made a covenant and wrote a document for it. 00:18:55.230 --> 00:18:56.750 "My property": 00:18:56.750 --> 00:18:58.029 "Property" (al-saghiyah) 00:18:58.109 --> 00:19:03.680 refers to a person's special interests, including wealth, family, entourage, and followers. 00:19:03.680 --> 00:19:05.200 "Day of Badr": 00:19:05.200 --> 00:19:07.440 Meaning the Battle of Badr. 00:19:07.440 --> 00:19:08.720 "To protect him": 00:19:08.720 --> 00:19:10.480 Meaning to guard him. 00:19:10.480 --> 00:19:11.680 "Saw him": 00:19:11.680 --> 00:19:13.259 Meaning he caught sight of him. 00:19:13.259 --> 00:19:15.819 "May I not be saved if Umayyah is saved": 00:19:15.819 --> 00:19:17.180 He said that 00:19:17.180 --> 00:19:23.869 because Umayyah used to torture Bilal, may Allah be pleased with him, in Makkah severely. 00:19:23.869 --> 00:19:24.910 "Group": 00:19:24.910 --> 00:19:26.509 Meaning a party. 00:19:26.509 --> 00:19:28.190 "In pursuit of us": 00:19:28.190 --> 00:19:30.349 Meaning: they are searching for us. 00:19:30.349 --> 00:19:31.390 He left behind. 00:19:31.390 --> 00:19:33.390 Meaning: he left behind us. 00:19:33.390 --> 00:19:34.829 He has a build. 00:19:34.829 --> 00:19:36.269 Meaning: Ibn Umayyah. 00:19:36.269 --> 00:19:38.029 His name is ‘Ali. 00:19:38.029 --> 00:19:40.269 He was a heavy-set man. 00:19:40.269 --> 00:19:43.309 Meaning: Umayyah was a large man. 00:19:43.309 --> 00:19:44.269 He knelt down. 00:19:44.269 --> 00:19:45.789 Meaning: he sat. 00:19:45.789 --> 00:19:47.069 To protect him. 00:19:47.069 --> 00:19:50.589 Meaning: to defend him and save him from being killed. 00:19:50.589 --> 00:19:52.109 They pierced through. 00:19:52.109 --> 00:19:56.109 Meaning: they thrust their swords through him until they reached him. 00:19:56.109 --> 00:19:58.400 And they stabbed him with them. 00:19:58.400 --> 00:20:01.940 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:20:30.269 --> 00:20:34.670 And taking retribution from the oppressor. 00:20:34.670 --> 00:20:38.750 Chapter: If a shepherd or an agent sees a sheep dying, 00:20:38.750 --> 00:20:40.670 Or something that is about to spoil, 00:20:40.670 --> 00:20:45.180 He may slaughter it and rectify what is feared to be lost. 00:20:45.180 --> 00:20:47.019 On the authority of Ka‘b Ibn Malik: 00:20:47.019 --> 00:20:50.779 That they had sheep grazing at Sal‘. 00:20:50.779 --> 00:20:55.420 A slave girl of ours saw one of our sheep dying, 00:20:55.420 --> 00:20:58.700 So she broke a stone and slaughtered it with it. 00:20:58.700 --> 00:21:00.299 He said to them: 00:21:00.380 --> 00:21:05.259 "Do not eat until I ask the Prophet, peace be upon him." 00:21:05.259 --> 00:21:10.289 Or he sent someone to the Prophet, peace be upon him, to ask him. 00:21:10.289 --> 00:21:14.609 And he asked the Prophet, peace be upon him, about that. 00:21:14.609 --> 00:21:16.130 Or he sent [someone]. 00:21:16.130 --> 00:21:18.960 So he commanded him to eat it. 00:21:18.960 --> 00:21:22.289 Commentary on the hadith: 00:21:22.289 --> 00:21:23.410 At Sal‘: 00:21:23.410 --> 00:21:26.670 It is a small mountain in Madinah. 00:21:26.670 --> 00:21:30.369 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:21:30.450 --> 00:21:32.609 It is derived from the hadith: 00:21:32.609 --> 00:21:35.809 The permissibility of slaughtering an animal that is on the verge of death. 00:21:35.809 --> 00:21:39.809 It contains the legitimacy of sending someone to ask and receive an answer. 00:21:39.809 --> 00:21:44.609 The hadith indicates the preservation of wealth from being lost. 00:21:44.609 --> 00:21:47.009 It shows the validity of an agent's actions, 00:21:47.009 --> 00:21:52.720 In matters that result in the benefit of the principal. 00:21:52.720 --> 00:21:53.680 Chapter: 00:21:53.680 --> 00:21:57.700 The agency of those present and absent is permissible. 00:21:57.700 --> 00:22:00.500 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:22:00.579 --> 00:22:05.220 That a man demanded payment of a debt from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:22:05.220 --> 00:22:06.819 And he was harsh with him. 00:22:06.819 --> 00:22:09.059 His Companions intended to harm him. 00:22:09.059 --> 00:22:10.339 He said: 00:22:10.339 --> 00:22:11.380 "Leave him, 00:22:11.380 --> 00:22:14.579 For the one who has a right has a claim." 00:22:14.579 --> 00:22:18.460 And they bought a camel for him and gave it to him. 00:22:18.460 --> 00:22:19.900 In one narration: 00:22:19.900 --> 00:22:22.980 "Give him one of the same age as his." 00:22:22.980 --> 00:22:24.259 They said: 00:22:24.259 --> 00:22:27.730 "We cannot find anything except better than his age." 00:22:27.730 --> 00:22:28.769 He said: 00:22:28.769 --> 00:22:31.569 "Buy it and give it to him, 00:22:31.569 --> 00:22:35.569 For the best of you is the best of you in repayment." 00:22:35.569 --> 00:22:37.009 In one narration: 00:22:37.009 --> 00:22:38.369 He said: 00:22:38.369 --> 00:22:42.049 "You have fulfilled my right, may Allah fulfill yours." 00:22:42.049 --> 00:22:45.470 Commentary on the hadith: 00:22:45.470 --> 00:22:48.299 "The witness" means the one present. 00:22:48.299 --> 00:22:49.660 "Demanded payment": 00:22:49.660 --> 00:22:52.619 Meaning he requested that he fulfill what was owed to him. 00:22:52.619 --> 00:22:53.980 "He was harsh with him": 00:22:53.980 --> 00:22:56.579 Meaning he was stern in his demand. 00:22:56.579 --> 00:22:57.859 "They intended to harm him": 00:22:57.940 --> 00:23:00.259 Meaning they intended to hurt him. 00:23:00.259 --> 00:23:01.220 "Leave him": 00:23:01.220 --> 00:23:02.900 Meaning let him be. 00:23:02.900 --> 00:23:05.779 "For the one who has a right has a claim": 00:23:05.779 --> 00:23:09.730 Meaning the intensity of the demand and the strength of the argument. 00:23:09.730 --> 00:23:12.690 "We cannot find anything except better than his age": 00:23:12.690 --> 00:23:15.009 Meaning they found a camel that was of an age, 00:23:15.009 --> 00:23:18.589 Older than the age of the camel that was owed. 00:23:18.589 --> 00:23:20.269 "The best of you": 00:23:20.269 --> 00:23:22.589 Meaning the most excellent of you. 00:23:22.589 --> 00:23:24.589 "The best of you in repayment": 00:23:24.589 --> 00:23:26.420 Meaning for the debt. 00:23:26.420 --> 00:23:27.859 "You have fulfilled my right": 00:23:27.859 --> 00:23:31.410 Meaning you have given me my right in full. 00:23:31.410 --> 00:23:34.819 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:23:34.819 --> 00:23:36.900 It is derived from the hadith: 00:23:36.900 --> 00:23:40.339 That whoever harms the ruler with harshness and the like, 00:23:40.339 --> 00:23:44.019 His companions may rebuke him and disapprove of him, 00:23:44.019 --> 00:23:47.220 Even if the ruler does not command them to do so. 00:23:47.220 --> 00:23:51.220 It contains the legitimacy of appointing an agent for those present and capable. 00:23:51.220 --> 00:23:53.940 It contains the permissibility of taking a debt. 00:23:53.940 --> 00:23:56.740 It contains the permissibility of borrowing an animal. 00:23:56.900 --> 00:24:01.299 It contains that the Imam may borrow on behalf of the poor against the zakat, 00:24:01.299 --> 00:24:06.690 And for other Muslims against the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal). 00:24:06.690 --> 00:24:12.619 Chapter: If one gives something as a gift to an agent or an intercessor of a people, it is permissible. 00:24:12.619 --> 00:24:14.539 On the authority of Marwan Ibn al-Hakam, 00:24:14.539 --> 00:24:16.539 And al-Miswar Ibn Makhramah: 00:24:16.539 --> 00:24:19.259 That the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:24:19.259 --> 00:24:22.940 Said when the delegation of Hawazin came to him as Muslims: 00:24:22.940 --> 00:24:27.259 They asked him to return their wealth and their captives to them. 00:24:27.259 --> 00:24:28.859 He said to them: 00:24:28.859 --> 00:24:30.619 "I have with me those whom you see. 00:24:30.619 --> 00:24:33.740 The most beloved speech to me is the most truthful. 00:24:33.740 --> 00:24:36.460 So choose one of the two groups: 00:24:36.460 --> 00:24:39.099 Either the captives or the wealth." 00:24:39.099 --> 00:24:41.660 "I had waited." 00:24:41.660 --> 00:24:44.220 The Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:24:44.220 --> 00:24:46.859 Had waited for them for ten-odd nights, 00:24:46.859 --> 00:24:49.420 When he returned from al-Ta'if. 00:24:49.420 --> 00:24:53.579 When it became clear to them that the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:24:53.579 --> 00:24:57.740 Would not return to them anything but one of the two groups, 00:24:57.819 --> 00:24:58.859 They said: 00:24:58.859 --> 00:25:01.579 "We choose our captives." 00:25:01.579 --> 00:25:03.579 So he stood among the Muslims, 00:25:03.579 --> 00:25:06.299 And praised Allah as He deserves, 00:25:06.299 --> 00:25:07.819 Then said: 00:25:07.819 --> 00:25:09.500 "To proceed: 00:25:09.500 --> 00:25:13.579 These brothers of yours have come to us repentant. 00:25:13.579 --> 00:25:17.339 I have decided to return their captives to them. 00:25:17.339 --> 00:25:21.900 Whoever among you likes to do so willingly, let him do it. 00:25:21.900 --> 00:25:24.380 And whoever likes to keep his share, 00:25:24.460 --> 00:25:29.259 Until we give it to him from the first spoils Allah grants us, 00:25:29.259 --> 00:25:30.940 Let him do so." 00:25:30.940 --> 00:25:32.700 The people said: 00:25:32.700 --> 00:25:35.259 "We do so willingly, O Messenger of Allah." 00:25:35.259 --> 00:25:36.859 He said to them: 00:25:36.859 --> 00:25:39.740 "We do not know who among you has consented to this, 00:25:39.740 --> 00:25:41.819 And who has not. 00:25:41.819 --> 00:25:46.380 So return until your representatives report your decision to us." 00:25:46.380 --> 00:25:47.980 The people returned, 00:25:47.980 --> 00:25:50.460 And their representatives spoke to them, 00:25:50.460 --> 00:25:54.380 Then they returned to the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:25:54.380 --> 00:25:59.259 And informed him that they had consented and agreed. 00:25:59.259 --> 00:26:02.720 Commentary on the hadith: 00:26:02.720 --> 00:26:04.480 The delegation of Hawazin. 00:26:04.480 --> 00:26:05.519 The delegation: 00:26:05.519 --> 00:26:10.160 A group that visits leaders for a visit and to request a gift. 00:26:10.160 --> 00:26:14.640 The delegation of Hawazin came after the battle of Hawazin on the day of Hunayn. 00:26:14.640 --> 00:26:19.180 It was after the conquest in the eighth year of the Hijrah. 00:26:19.180 --> 00:26:20.140 "Return": 00:26:20.140 --> 00:26:21.740 Meaning give back. 00:26:21.740 --> 00:26:22.940 "I waited": 00:26:22.940 --> 00:26:24.700 Meaning I delayed. 00:26:24.700 --> 00:26:25.579 "Returned": 00:26:25.579 --> 00:26:27.170 Meaning he came back. 00:26:27.170 --> 00:26:28.690 "It became clear to them": 00:26:28.690 --> 00:26:30.609 Meaning it appeared to them. 00:26:30.609 --> 00:26:32.529 "To do so willingly": 00:26:32.529 --> 00:26:37.869 Meaning to return the captives for free with his own consent and a willing heart. 00:26:37.869 --> 00:26:39.309 "Keep his share": 00:26:39.309 --> 00:26:42.140 Meaning his portion of the captives. 00:26:42.140 --> 00:26:44.880 "What Allah grants us": 00:26:44.880 --> 00:26:46.000 The Fay': 00:26:46.000 --> 00:26:52.140 It is what the Muslims obtain from the wealth of the disbelievers without war or jihad. 00:26:52.140 --> 00:26:53.420 "We do not know": 00:26:53.420 --> 00:26:55.180 Meaning we do not have knowledge. 00:26:55.180 --> 00:26:57.259 "Until it is reported to us": 00:26:57.259 --> 00:26:59.579 Meaning until he informs us. 00:26:59.579 --> 00:27:01.259 "Your representatives": 00:27:01.259 --> 00:27:02.220 The representative (al-‘arif): 00:27:02.220 --> 00:27:06.460 He is the one in charge of the affairs of the tribe or town, managing their matters. 00:27:06.460 --> 00:27:10.500 He reports their condition and needs to the leader. 00:27:10.500 --> 00:27:14.130 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:27:14.130 --> 00:27:16.210 It is derived from the hadith: 00:27:16.210 --> 00:27:20.609 That the spoils of war are only owned by the victors through distribution. 00:27:20.609 --> 00:27:25.009 It contains that a promise of compensation for an unknown period is permissible. 00:27:25.009 --> 00:27:29.410 Since it is not known when Allah, the Almighty, will grant them spoils. 00:27:29.410 --> 00:27:37.329 It contains that it is permissible for the Imam, if the people of war come to him as Muslims after he has taken their wealth and families, 00:27:37.329 --> 00:27:41.789 To return them to them if he sees a benefit in that. 00:27:41.789 --> 00:27:44.589 It contains the acceptance of the report of a single narrator. 00:27:44.589 --> 00:27:50.509 The hadith indicates that the wealth of a Muslim is not lawful except with his willing consent.