WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:05.169 --> 00:00:08.050 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari, 00:00:08.589 --> 00:00:12.789 Abridged by Dr. Aqeel Ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:13.919 --> 00:00:16.120 Surah al-Baqarah. 00:00:17.960 --> 00:00:22.760 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:23.510 --> 00:00:28.309 “Bethink thee (O Muhammad) of those of old, who went forth from their habitations in their thousands, fearing death, and Allah said unto them: Die; and then He brought them back to life. Lo! Allah is a Lord of Kindness to mankind, but most of mankind give not thanks.” (2:243) 00:00:28.309 --> 00:00:34.310 “Bethink thee (O Muhammad) of those of old, who went forth from their habitations in their thousands, fearing death, and Allah said unto them: Die; and then He brought them back to life. Lo! Allah is a Lord of Kindness to mankind, but most of mankind give not thanks.” (2:243) 00:00:34.509 --> 00:00:39.909 “Bethink thee (O Muhammad) of those of old, who went forth from their habitations in their thousands, fearing death, and Allah said unto them: Die; and then He brought them back to life. Lo! Allah is a Lord of Kindness to mankind, but most of mankind give not thanks.” (2:243) 00:00:40.310 --> 00:00:45.109 Indeed, Allah is full of bounty to the people, 00:00:45.310 --> 00:00:50.509 but most of the people do not give thanks. 00:00:51.530 --> 00:00:53.329 Have you not considered, O Muhammad, 00:00:53.530 --> 00:00:57.130 “Bethink thee (O Muhammad) of those of old, who went forth from their habitations in their thousands, fearing death, and Allah said unto them: Die; and then He brought them back to life. Lo! Allah is a Lord of Kindness to mankind, but most of mankind give not thanks.” (2:243) 00:00:57.130 --> 00:00:59.729 when they went forth in flight from death? 00:00:59.929 --> 00:01:03.729 “Bethink thee (O Muhammad) of those of old, who went forth from their habitations in their thousands, fearing death, and Allah said unto them: Die; and then He brought them back to life. Lo! Allah is a Lord of Kindness to mankind, but most of mankind give not thanks.” (2:243) 00:01:03.929 --> 00:01:05.930 This was an instruction and a reminder to them 00:01:06.129 --> 00:01:10.129 that causing death and granting life are solely in His hands and belong to Him alone, not to His creation, 00:01:10.329 --> 00:01:14.730 and that taking shelter in fortresses and hiding in homes and dwellings 00:01:14.930 --> 00:01:19.129 will never save anyone from His decree once it descends upon their threshold, 00:01:19.329 --> 00:01:22.530 just as it availed nothing to those who fled the plague. 00:01:22.730 --> 00:01:26.129 Indeed, Allah is full of bounty and grace toward His creation 00:01:26.129 --> 00:01:29.129 by showing them the path of guidance 00:01:29.329 --> 00:01:32.129 and warning them against the ways of ruin, 00:01:32.329 --> 00:01:37.730 along with the rest of His favors which He bestows upon them in their worldly life and their religion. 00:01:37.930 --> 00:01:43.129 Yet most people do not give thanks for the blessings I have bestowed upon them 00:01:43.329 --> 00:01:46.329 and the bounty that I have conferred upon them, 00:01:46.530 --> 00:01:48.329 by worshipping others besides Me 00:01:48.530 --> 00:01:52.129 and directing their hopes and fears to beings other than Me, 00:01:52.329 --> 00:01:55.730 who possess for them neither harm nor benefit. 00:01:56.719 --> 00:01:59.519 And fight in the way of Allah, 00:01:59.719 --> 00:02:04.519 and know that Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 00:02:05.629 --> 00:02:08.629 Fight, O believers, for the cause of Allah's religion, 00:02:08.830 --> 00:02:12.030 to which He guided you, against the enemies of your faith, 00:02:12.229 --> 00:02:14.629 and do not shrink back from confronting them, 00:02:14.830 --> 00:02:17.830 for your life and death rest solely in My hands. 00:02:18.030 --> 00:02:22.629 Let not the fear of death hold any of you back from confronting and fighting them, 00:02:22.830 --> 00:02:25.430 nor dread of mortality overtaking his soul. 00:02:25.430 --> 00:02:29.229 And know, O believers, that your Lord hears the words 00:02:29.430 --> 00:02:33.430 of those among your hypocrites who say concerning those slain in My path: 00:02:33.629 --> 00:02:37.830 "Had they obeyed us and stayed in their homes, they would not have been killed." 00:02:38.030 --> 00:02:42.030 He is fully aware of the hypocrisy, disbelief, 00:02:42.229 --> 00:02:45.229 and ingratitude for His blessings that their chests conceal. 00:02:45.689 --> 00:02:50.689 Who is it that will lend Allah a goodly loan 00:02:50.889 --> 00:02:55.490 so that He will multiply it for him many times over? 00:02:55.689 --> 00:03:02.490 “Who is it that will lend unto Allah a goodly loan, so that He may give it increase manifold? Allah straiteneth and enlargeth. Unto Him ye will return.” (2:245) 00:03:02.689 --> 00:03:06.099 Who is this that will spend in the way of Allah, 00:03:06.300 --> 00:03:08.099 thereby aiding one who is weak, 00:03:08.300 --> 00:03:12.300 or strengthening an indigent person who intends to strive in the path of Allah, 00:03:12.500 --> 00:03:14.699 and providing for the destitute among them? 00:03:14.900 --> 00:03:17.900 For Allah will multiply it for him many times over 00:03:18.099 --> 00:03:21.099 as a recompense for his loan and expenditure, 00:03:21.300 --> 00:03:23.699 without measure and without limit. 00:03:24.099 --> 00:03:28.099 And in Allah's hand lies the withholding and expanding of the provision of His servants: 00:03:28.300 --> 00:03:32.300 He restricts by withholding sustenance from whomever He wills among His creation, 00:03:32.500 --> 00:03:36.500 and He broadens it by expanding sustenance for whomever He wills among them. 00:03:36.699 --> 00:03:39.699 And to Allah is your final return, O people, 00:03:39.900 --> 00:03:42.300 so fear Allah concerning your own souls, 00:03:42.500 --> 00:03:45.699 lest you neglect His obligations and transgress His bounds. 00:03:54.219 --> 00:03:57.219 As when they said to a prophet of theirs: 00:03:57.419 --> 00:04:00.419 “Bethink thee of the leaders of the Children of Israel after Moses, how they said unto a prophet whom they had: Set up for us a king and we will fight in Allah's way. He said: Would ye then refrain from fighting if fighting were prescribed for you? They said: Why should we not fight in Allah's way when we have been driven from our dwellings with our children? Yet, when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, all save a few of them. Allah is aware of evil-doers.” (2:246) 00:04:00.620 --> 00:04:02.620 "Appoint for us a king." 00:04:02.819 --> 00:04:06.819 “Bethink thee of the leaders of the Children of Israel after Moses, how they said unto a prophet whom they had: Set up for us a king and we will fight in Allah's way. He said: Would ye then refrain from fighting if fighting were prescribed for you? They said: Why should we not fight in Allah's way when we have been driven from our dwellings with our children? Yet, when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, all save a few of them. Allah is aware of evil-doers.” (2:246) 00:04:07.020 --> 00:04:10.020 He said: "Would you perhaps, 00:04:10.219 --> 00:04:13.219 “Bethink thee of the leaders of the Children of Israel after Moses, how they said unto a prophet whom they had: Set up for us a king and we will fight in Allah's way. He said: Would ye then refrain from fighting if fighting were prescribed for you? They said: Why should we not fight in Allah's way when we have been driven from our dwellings with our children? Yet, when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, all save a few of them. Allah is aware of evil-doers.” (2:246) 00:04:13.419 --> 00:04:15.419 if battle is decreed upon you, not fight?" 00:04:15.620 --> 00:04:18.620 “Bethink thee of the leaders of the Children of Israel after Moses, how they said unto a prophet whom they had: Set up for us a king and we will fight in Allah's way. He said: Would ye then refrain from fighting if fighting were prescribed for you? They said: Why should we not fight in Allah's way when we have been driven from our dwellings with our children? Yet, when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, all save a few of them. Allah is aware of evil-doers.” (2:246) 00:04:18.819 --> 00:04:21.819 “Bethink thee of the leaders of the Children of Israel after Moses, how they said unto a prophet whom they had: Set up for us a king and we will fight in Allah's way. He said: Would ye then refrain from fighting if fighting were prescribed for you? They said: Why should we not fight in Allah's way when we have been driven from our dwellings with our children? Yet, when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, all save a few of them. Allah is aware of evil-doers.” (2:246) 00:04:21.819 --> 00:04:24.819 “Bethink thee of the leaders of the Children of Israel after Moses, how they said unto a prophet whom they had: Set up for us a king and we will fight in Allah's way. He said: Would ye then refrain from fighting if fighting were prescribed for you? They said: Why should we not fight in Allah's way when we have been driven from our dwellings with our children? Yet, when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, all save a few of them. Allah is aware of evil-doers.” (2:246) 00:04:25.019 --> 00:04:28.019 "and our children?" 00:04:28.220 --> 00:04:31.220 But when fighting was prescribed for them, 00:04:31.420 --> 00:04:34.420 they turned away, except 00:04:34.620 --> 00:04:37.620 a few of them; 00:04:37.819 --> 00:04:40.819 and Allah is All-Knowing 00:04:41.019 --> 00:04:44.019 of the wrongdoers. 00:04:44.220 --> 00:04:47.980 Have you not considered, O Muhammad, 00:04:48.180 --> 00:04:51.180 the notables and nobles of the Children of Israel, 00:04:51.980 --> 00:04:54.980 after the soul of Moses was taken and he died? 00:04:55.180 --> 00:04:58.180 “Bethink thee of the leaders of the Children of Israel after Moses, how they said unto a prophet whom they had: Set up for us a king and we will fight in Allah's way. He said: Would ye then refrain from fighting if fighting were prescribed for you? They said: Why should we not fight in Allah's way when we have been driven from our dwellings with our children? Yet, when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, all save a few of them. Allah is aware of evil-doers.” (2:246) 00:04:58.379 --> 00:05:01.379 “Bethink thee of the leaders of the Children of Israel after Moses, how they said unto a prophet whom they had: Set up for us a king and we will fight in Allah's way. He said: Would ye then refrain from fighting if fighting were prescribed for you? They said: Why should we not fight in Allah's way when we have been driven from our dwellings with our children? Yet, when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, all save a few of them. Allah is aware of evil-doers.” (2:246) 00:05:01.579 --> 00:05:03.579 The prophet said: 00:05:03.779 --> 00:05:06.779 "Do you promise that if fighting is decreed for you, 00:05:06.980 --> 00:05:09.980 you will not fail to fulfill the pledge you make to Allah from yourselves, 00:05:10.180 --> 00:05:12.180 to strive in His cause?" 00:05:12.379 --> 00:05:15.379 For you are a people prone to breach of faith and treachery. 00:05:15.579 --> 00:05:18.579 The assembly of the Children of Israel said to their prophet: 00:05:18.579 --> 00:05:21.579 "And what could prevent us from fighting in the path of Allah 00:05:21.779 --> 00:05:24.779 against our enemy and the enemy of Allah, 00:05:24.980 --> 00:05:27.980 when those who were subdued from among our men have been driven out, 00:05:28.180 --> 00:05:31.180 as well as our women from their homes and children, 00:05:31.379 --> 00:05:34.420 and our people have been taken captive by force and subjugation?" 00:05:34.620 --> 00:05:37.620 Yet when fighting their enemy was decreed upon them, 00:05:37.819 --> 00:05:40.819 along with striving in His path, 00:05:41.019 --> 00:05:44.019 they turned their backs, fleeing from battle, and abandoned 00:05:44.220 --> 00:05:47.220 the obligation of striving which they had asked their prophet to impose on them, 00:05:47.220 --> 00:05:50.220 save for those who crossed the river with Saul. 00:05:50.420 --> 00:05:53.420 And Allah is fully aware of those among them who wronged themselves, 00:05:53.620 --> 00:05:56.620 breaking the pledge they had made to Allah 00:05:56.819 --> 00:05:59.069 and disobeying the command of their Lord. 00:05:59.269 --> 00:06:02.269 And their prophet said to them: 00:06:02.470 --> 00:06:05.470 “Their Prophet said unto them: Lo! Allah hath raised up Saul to be a king for you. They said: How can he have kingdom over us when we are more deserving of the kingdom than he is, since he hath not been given wealth enough? He said: Lo! Allah hath chosen him above you, and hath increased him abundantly in wisdom and stature. Allah bestoweth His Sovereignty on whom He will. Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.” (2:247) 00:06:05.670 --> 00:06:08.670 They said: "How can he have 00:06:08.870 --> 00:06:11.870 kingship over us, 00:06:12.069 --> 00:06:15.069 “Their Prophet said unto them: Lo! Allah hath raised up Saul to be a king for you. They said: How can he have kingdom over us when we are more deserving of the kingdom than he is, since he hath not been given wealth enough? He said: Lo! Allah hath chosen him above you, and hath increased him abundantly in wisdom and stature. Allah bestoweth His Sovereignty on whom He will. Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.” (2:247) 00:06:15.870 --> 00:06:18.870 when he has not been given an abundance of wealth?" 00:06:19.069 --> 00:06:22.069 He said: "Indeed, Allah 00:06:22.269 --> 00:06:25.269 has chosen him over you and increased him 00:06:25.470 --> 00:06:28.470 “Their Prophet said unto them: Lo! Allah hath raised up Saul to be a king for you. They said: How can he have kingdom over us when we are more deserving of the kingdom than he is, since he hath not been given wealth enough? He said: Lo! Allah hath chosen him above you, and hath increased him abundantly in wisdom and stature. Allah bestoweth His Sovereignty on whom He will. Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.” (2:247) 00:06:28.670 --> 00:06:31.670 abundantly in knowledge and stature; and Allah grants His kingdom 00:06:31.870 --> 00:06:34.870 to whomsoever He wills, 00:06:35.069 --> 00:06:38.230 and Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing." 00:06:38.430 --> 00:06:41.430 And their prophet said 00:06:41.629 --> 00:06:45.300 to the assembly 00:06:45.300 --> 00:06:48.300 of the Children of Israel: 00:06:48.500 --> 00:06:51.500 "Indeed, Allah has granted you what you asked for, 00:06:51.699 --> 00:06:54.699 and has sent Saul to you as a king." 00:06:54.899 --> 00:06:57.899 They said: "How can Saul possess kingship over us, 00:06:58.100 --> 00:07:01.100 when he is from the tribe of Benjamin, son of Jacob, 00:07:01.300 --> 00:07:04.300 and the tribe of Benjamin is a tribe with neither kingship 00:07:04.500 --> 00:07:07.500 nor prophecy?" 00:07:07.699 --> 00:07:10.699 “Their Prophet said unto them: Lo! Allah hath raised up Saul to be a king for you. They said: How can he have kingdom over us when we are more deserving of the kingdom than he is, since he hath not been given wealth enough? He said: Lo! Allah hath chosen him above you, and hath increased him abundantly in wisdom and stature. Allah bestoweth His Sovereignty on whom He will. Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.” (2:247) 00:07:10.899 --> 00:07:13.899 For kingship belonged to the tribe of Judah, son of Jacob. 00:07:14.699 --> 00:07:17.699 Their prophet said: 00:07:17.899 --> 00:07:20.899 "Indeed, Allah has chosen him over you 00:07:21.100 --> 00:07:24.100 and granted him vastness in knowledge and physique, 00:07:24.300 --> 00:07:27.300 bestowing upon him a superiority of knowledge over what He gave to others. 00:07:27.500 --> 00:07:30.500 Kingship belongs to Allah alone, and is in His hand and none other; 00:07:30.699 --> 00:07:33.699 He gives it to whomsoever He wills, 00:07:33.899 --> 00:07:36.899 bestowing it upon him and singling him out for it, 00:07:37.100 --> 00:07:40.100 and granting it to whomever He pleases of His creation. 00:07:40.300 --> 00:07:43.300 And Allah is vast in His bounty, bestowing it upon whomever He loves, 00:07:43.300 --> 00:07:46.300 fully aware of who is truly worthy of the kingship He confers 00:07:46.500 --> 00:07:49.889 and the favor He grants." 00:07:50.089 --> 00:07:53.089 And their prophet said to them: 00:07:53.290 --> 00:07:56.290 "Indeed, the sign of his kingship 00:07:56.490 --> 00:07:59.490 is that the Ark will come to you, 00:07:59.689 --> 00:08:02.689 that the Ark will come to you, 00:08:02.889 --> 00:08:05.889 “And their Prophet said unto them: Lo! the token of his kingdom is that there shall come unto you the ark wherein is peace of reassurance from your Lord, and a remnant of that which the house of Moses and the house of Aaron left behind, the angels bearing it. Lo! herein shall be a token for you if (in truth) ye are believers.” (2:248) 00:08:06.089 --> 00:08:09.089 and a remnant, 00:08:09.290 --> 00:08:12.290 and a remnant of what was left." 00:08:12.290 --> 00:08:15.290 So they said to him: 00:08:15.490 --> 00:08:18.490 "Bring us a sign of that, 00:08:18.689 --> 00:08:21.689 if you are among the truthful." 00:08:21.889 --> 00:08:24.889 Their prophet said to them: 00:08:25.089 --> 00:08:30.170 "The sign of Saul's kingship 00:08:30.370 --> 00:08:33.370 is that the Ark will come to you, 00:08:33.570 --> 00:08:36.570 which the Children of Israel used to have, 00:08:36.769 --> 00:08:39.769 so that whenever they met an enemy, 00:08:39.970 --> 00:08:42.970 — and they had said to him: 'Bring us a sign of that' — 00:08:42.970 --> 00:08:45.970 whenever they met an enemy, 00:08:46.169 --> 00:08:49.169 they would place it before them and advance with it, 00:08:49.370 --> 00:08:52.370 and no enemy could withstand them in its presence, 00:08:52.570 --> 00:08:55.570 nor could any adversary overcome them, 00:08:55.769 --> 00:08:58.769 until they disobeyed the command of Allah and their disputes grew frequent 00:08:58.970 --> 00:09:01.970 against their prophets. 00:09:02.169 --> 00:09:05.169 So Allah stripped them of it time after time, 00:09:05.370 --> 00:09:08.370 returning it to them on each occasion, 00:09:08.570 --> 00:09:11.570 until He seized it from them the last time and did not return it to them, 00:09:11.570 --> 00:09:14.570 so the Ark remained with an enemy of the Children of Israel. 00:09:14.769 --> 00:09:17.769 Thus the sign of Saul's kingship 00:09:17.970 --> 00:09:20.970 is that the Ark will come to you, through which you used to seek victory, 00:09:21.169 --> 00:09:24.169 “And their Prophet said unto them: Lo! the token of his kingdom is that there shall come unto you the ark wherein is peace of reassurance from your Lord, and a remnant of that which the house of Moses and the house of Aaron left behind, the angels bearing it. Lo! herein shall be a token for you if (in truth) ye are believers.” (2:248) 00:09:24.370 --> 00:09:27.370 and within the Ark is that which brings reassurance to the hearts, 00:09:27.570 --> 00:09:30.570 consisting of the signs that you well know, 00:09:30.769 --> 00:09:33.769 and the remaining relics left behind by the house of Moses 00:09:33.970 --> 00:09:36.970 and the house of Aaron, such as the staff and the fragments of the Tablets, 00:09:37.169 --> 00:09:40.169 and the Torah or a portion thereof, 00:09:40.970 --> 00:09:43.970 or the courage to strive in the way of Allah, 00:09:44.169 --> 00:09:47.169 carried by the angels until they placed it 00:09:47.370 --> 00:09:50.370 in the dwelling of Saul right before the eyes of the Children of Israel. 00:09:50.570 --> 00:09:53.570 Indeed, in the coming of the Ark to you, 00:09:53.769 --> 00:09:56.769 “And their Prophet said unto them: Lo! the token of his kingdom is that there shall come unto you the ark wherein is peace of reassurance from your Lord, and a remnant of that which the house of Moses and the house of Aaron left behind, the angels bearing it. Lo! herein shall be a token for you if (in truth) ye are believers.” (2:248) 00:09:56.970 --> 00:09:59.970 “And their Prophet said unto them: Lo! the token of his kingdom is that there shall come unto you the ark wherein is peace of reassurance from your Lord, and a remnant of that which the house of Moses and the house of Aaron left behind, the angels bearing it. Lo! herein shall be a token for you if (in truth) ye are believers.” (2:248) 00:10:00.169 --> 00:10:03.169 carried by the angels, 00:10:03.370 --> 00:10:06.370 is a clear sign and proof for you, O people, 00:10:06.570 --> 00:10:09.570 of my truthfulness in informing you that Allah 00:10:09.570 --> 00:10:12.570 has appointed Saul as your king, 00:10:12.769 --> 00:10:15.769 if you truly believe upon the arrival of the sign 00:10:15.970 --> 00:10:19.830 that you demanded of me to verify my truthfulness." 00:10:20.029 --> 00:10:23.029 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:10:23.230 --> 00:10:26.230 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:10:26.429 --> 00:10:29.429 by a river. 00:10:29.629 --> 00:10:32.629 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:10:32.830 --> 00:10:35.830 by a river. 00:10:36.029 --> 00:10:39.029 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:10:39.830 --> 00:10:42.830 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:10:43.029 --> 00:10:46.029 "and whoever does not taste it 00:10:46.230 --> 00:10:49.230 is indeed of me, 00:10:49.429 --> 00:10:52.429 except whoever scoops up 00:10:52.629 --> 00:10:55.629 a single scoop with his hand." 00:10:55.830 --> 00:10:58.830 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:10:59.029 --> 00:11:02.029 of them. 00:11:02.230 --> 00:11:05.230 So when he had crossed it, he 00:11:05.429 --> 00:11:08.429 and those who believed with him, 00:11:08.429 --> 00:11:11.429 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:11:11.629 --> 00:11:14.629 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:11:14.830 --> 00:11:17.830 against Goliath and his soldiers. 00:11:18.029 --> 00:11:21.029 Those who were certain 00:11:21.230 --> 00:11:24.230 that they would meet Allah said: 00:11:24.429 --> 00:11:27.429 "How often a small company 00:11:27.629 --> 00:11:30.629 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:11:30.830 --> 00:11:33.830 has overcome a large company 00:11:34.029 --> 00:11:37.029 by Allah's permission!" 00:11:37.830 --> 00:11:41.500 Then the Ark came to them, 00:11:41.700 --> 00:11:44.700 whereupon they believed their prophet 00:11:44.899 --> 00:11:47.899 and submitted to him in that regard. 00:11:48.100 --> 00:11:51.100 So Saul marched out with the army and set forth with them. 00:11:51.299 --> 00:11:54.299 Then Saul said to his soldiers, 00:11:54.500 --> 00:11:57.500 when they complained of thirst to him: 00:11:57.700 --> 00:12:00.700 "Indeed, Allah will test you with a river, 00:12:00.899 --> 00:12:03.899 so that your obedience to Him may be made manifest. 00:12:04.100 --> 00:12:07.100 Whoever drinks of its water is not of my followers, 00:12:07.100 --> 00:12:10.100 and whoever does not taste the water of that river 00:12:10.299 --> 00:12:13.299 is truly of my allegiance, obedient to me, 00:12:13.500 --> 00:12:16.500 and of those who believe in Allah and in meeting Him, 00:12:16.700 --> 00:12:19.700 except for whoever scoops up a single handful of water; 00:12:19.899 --> 00:12:22.899 he indeed is of me." 00:12:23.100 --> 00:12:26.100 Thus, whoever drank freely from it became ever thirstier, 00:12:26.299 --> 00:12:29.299 while whoever scooped up a single scoop had his thirst quenched. 00:12:29.500 --> 00:12:32.500 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:12:32.700 --> 00:12:35.700 So when Saul crossed the river along with the believers 00:12:35.700 --> 00:12:38.700 and the disobedient who had drunk copiously from it, 00:12:38.899 --> 00:12:41.899 a clear distinction was made between them thereafter 00:12:42.100 --> 00:12:45.100 upon seeing Goliath and confronting him. 00:12:45.299 --> 00:12:48.299 The people of doubt and hypocrisy said: "We have no strength today against Goliath and his soldiers." 00:12:48.500 --> 00:12:51.500 “And when Saul set out with the army, he said: Lo! Allah will try you by (the ordeal of) a river. Whosoever therefore drinketh thereof he is not of me, and whosoever tasteth it not he is of me, save him who taketh (thereof) in the hollow of his hand. But they drank thereof, all save a few of them. And after he had crossed (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts. But those who knew that they would meet Allah exclaimed: How many a little company hath overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:249) 00:12:51.700 --> 00:12:54.700 But those who knew and were certain of the Resurrection said: 00:12:54.899 --> 00:12:57.899 "How often has a small host overcome 00:12:58.100 --> 00:13:01.100 a mighty host by the decree and preordainment of Allah!" 00:13:01.299 --> 00:13:04.299 And Allah is with those who restrain themselves 00:13:05.100 --> 00:13:08.360 in seeking His pleasure and obeying Him. 00:13:08.559 --> 00:13:11.559 “And when they went into the field against Goliath and his hosts they said: Our Lord! Bestow on us endurance, make our foothold sure, and give us help against the disbelieving folk.” (2:250) 00:13:11.759 --> 00:13:14.759 They said: "Our Lord, pour down upon us 00:13:14.960 --> 00:13:17.960 patience." 00:13:18.159 --> 00:13:21.159 They said: "Our Lord, pour down upon us 00:13:21.360 --> 00:13:24.360 patience, make our steps firm, 00:13:24.559 --> 00:13:27.559 make our steps firm, 00:13:27.759 --> 00:13:30.759 and grant us victory over the disbelieving people." 00:13:31.759 --> 00:13:35.340 And when they emerged into the open battlefield, 00:13:35.539 --> 00:13:38.539 the exposed and level ground, 00:13:38.740 --> 00:13:41.740 Saul and his companions prayed: 00:13:41.940 --> 00:13:44.940 "Our Lord, send down patience upon us, 00:13:45.139 --> 00:13:48.139 strengthen our hearts to fight them 00:13:48.340 --> 00:13:51.340 so that our feet remain firm and we do not flee before them, 00:13:51.539 --> 00:13:54.539 and grant us victory over the people who have disbelieved in You, 00:13:54.740 --> 00:13:57.740 denying Your divinity and worshipping others besides You, 00:13:57.940 --> 00:14:01.289 taking idols as their lords." 00:14:01.289 --> 00:14:04.289 So they routed them by Allah's leave, 00:14:04.490 --> 00:14:07.490 and David slew Goliath, 00:14:07.690 --> 00:14:10.690 and David slew Goliath. 00:14:10.889 --> 00:14:13.889 And Allah gave him kingship 00:14:14.090 --> 00:14:17.090 and wisdom, and taught him 00:14:17.289 --> 00:14:20.289 of that which He willed. 00:14:20.490 --> 00:14:23.490 And were it not for Allah checking 00:14:23.690 --> 00:14:26.690 people, some of them 00:14:26.889 --> 00:14:29.889 by means of others, the earth would have been corrupted; 00:14:29.889 --> 00:14:32.889 the earth would have been corrupted. 00:14:33.090 --> 00:14:36.090 “So they routed them by Allah's leave and David slew Goliath; and Allah gave him the kingdom and wisdom, and taught him of that which He willeth. And if Allah had not repelled some men by others the earth would have been corrupted. But Allah is a Lord of Kindness to (His) creatures.” (2:251) 00:14:36.289 --> 00:14:40.019 upon all the worlds. 00:14:40.220 --> 00:14:43.220 Thus, Saul and his soldiers defeated the forces of Goliath 00:14:43.419 --> 00:14:46.419 by the decree and preordainment of Allah, 00:14:46.620 --> 00:14:49.620 and David killed Goliath. 00:14:49.820 --> 00:14:52.820 And Allah granted David kingship and prophethood, 00:14:53.019 --> 00:14:56.019 and taught him the crafting of chainmail 00:14:56.220 --> 00:14:59.220 and the precise measuring of links. 00:14:59.220 --> 00:15:02.220 [through] the people of faith against the people of disobedience and polytheism, 00:15:02.419 --> 00:15:05.419 just as He repelled harm from those who stayed behind from Saul 00:15:05.620 --> 00:15:08.620 by means of those who fought alongside him—the people of faith in Allah, 00:15:08.820 --> 00:15:11.820 certainty, and perseverance; 00:15:12.019 --> 00:15:15.019 the inhabitants of the earth would have surely perished by Allah’s punishment, 00:15:15.220 --> 00:15:18.320 and the earth would thereby have been ruined. 00:15:18.519 --> 00:15:21.519 But Allah is full of bounty toward His creation, 00:15:21.720 --> 00:15:24.720 by warding off harm from the wicked through the righteous among His creation, 00:15:24.919 --> 00:15:28.179 and from the disobedient through the obedient among them. 00:15:28.179 --> 00:15:31.179 These are the verses of Allah which We recite to you in truth, 00:15:31.379 --> 00:15:34.379 and you are indeed one of the messengers. 00:15:38.929 --> 00:15:41.929 These verses in which Allah has recounted 00:15:42.129 --> 00:15:45.129 the story of those who left their homes 00:15:45.330 --> 00:15:48.330 and the story of the elders of the Children of Israel 00:15:48.529 --> 00:15:51.529 are definitive proofs against whoever denies My favor, opposes My command, 00:15:51.730 --> 00:15:54.730 and disbelieves in My Messenger among the people of the two Scriptures— 00:15:54.929 --> 00:15:57.929 the Torah and the Gospel. 00:15:57.929 --> 00:16:00.929 "And I have narrated to you hidden tidings 00:16:01.129 --> 00:16:04.129 which they know are from Me, 00:16:04.330 --> 00:16:07.330 which you neither fabricated nor invented 00:16:07.529 --> 00:16:10.529 yourself, O Muhammad, since you are unlettered. 00:16:10.730 --> 00:16:13.730 And you, O Muhammad, are truly a messenger, 00:16:13.929 --> 00:16:16.929 following My obedience and preferring My pleasure over your own desire; 00:16:17.129 --> 00:16:20.129 thus traversing, in this mission of yours, 00:16:20.330 --> 00:16:23.330 the path of My messengers who came before you, 00:16:23.529 --> 00:16:26.529 who stood firm upon My command 00:16:26.529 --> 00:16:29.529 above their own desires, unaffected by caprice 00:16:29.730 --> 00:16:34.549 and worldly ambitions." 00:16:34.750 --> 00:16:37.750 Summary from Tafsir al-Tabari.