WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.660 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.039 --> 00:00:16.280 Surah al-Shu'ara'. 00:00:18.170 --> 00:00:22.530 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.620 --> 00:00:32.060 “And We inspired Moses, saying: Take away My slaves by night, for ye will be pursued.” (26:52) 00:00:33.500 --> 00:00:36.899 And We revealed to Moses, when Pharaoh persisted in his transgression, 00:00:37.340 --> 00:00:41.060 That he should set out with the Children of Israel by night from the land of Egypt. 00:00:41.579 --> 00:00:46.219 Pharaoh and his hosts would pursue you and your people from among the Children of Israel, 00:00:46.579 --> 00:00:50.219 In order to prevent you from departing the land of Egypt. 00:00:52.100 --> 00:00:57.820 “Then Pharaoh sent into the cities summoners,” (26:53) 00:00:58.060 --> 00:01:04.540 “(Who said): Lo! these indeed are but a little troop,” (26:54) 00:01:04.859 --> 00:01:10.219 "And indeed, they are an enraged nation against us, 00:01:10.620 --> 00:01:14.219 And we are all a cautious and fully prepared host." 00:01:16.209 --> 00:01:20.409 So Pharaoh sent heralds into the cities to assemble his army and his people for him, 00:01:20.930 --> 00:01:26.010 Saying to them: "Indeed, these Children of Israel are a small, insignificant group, 00:01:26.609 --> 00:01:29.810 And indeed, this remnant has enraged us— 00:01:30.370 --> 00:01:34.450 By departing with the borrowed items of jewelry they took from them." 00:01:35.209 --> 00:01:38.730 It is also possible that this rage was due to their departure and separation from them, 00:01:39.290 --> 00:01:42.489 And their leaving their land against their will. 00:01:43.250 --> 00:01:45.290 "And indeed, we are all a cautious host," 00:01:45.849 --> 00:01:49.090 Because they possess weapons, equipment, and strength. 00:01:50.859 --> 00:01:56.939 “Thus did We take them away from gardens and watersprings,” (26:57) 00:01:57.459 --> 00:02:01.939 And treasures and an honorable estate. 00:02:02.579 --> 00:02:08.340 “Thus (were those things taken from them) and We caused the Children of Israel to inherit them.” (26:59) 00:02:08.819 --> 00:02:12.460 So they pursued them at sunrise. 00:02:14.280 --> 00:02:18.439 Thus We expelled Pharaoh and his people from gardens and springs of water, 00:02:19.000 --> 00:02:20.800 And treasures of gold and silver, 00:02:21.360 --> 00:02:24.199 And an honorable estate—which refers to the pulpits and noble dwellings. 00:02:24.759 --> 00:02:27.039 Thus did We drive them out from all of that. 00:02:27.599 --> 00:02:32.759 And We caused the Children of Israel to inherit those gardens from which We had expelled them. 00:02:33.560 --> 00:02:38.439 So Pharaoh and his companions pursued the Children of Israel when the sun rose, 00:02:38.960 --> 00:02:40.879 And it is also said: when morning came. 00:02:42.960 --> 00:02:51.960 “And when the two hosts saw each other, those with Moses said: Lo! we are indeed caught.” (26:61) 00:02:52.479 --> 00:02:58.319 “He said: Nay, verily! for lo! my Lord is with me. He will guide me.” (26:62) 00:03:00.060 --> 00:03:04.659 And when the two hosts sighted each other—the host of Moses and the host of Pharaoh— 00:03:05.219 --> 00:03:08.620 The companions of Moses said: "We are surely overtaken! 00:03:09.300 --> 00:03:13.139 Now Pharaoh and his soldiers will catch up with us and slay us." 00:03:14.060 --> 00:03:17.939 Moses said to his people: "The matter is not as you think. 00:03:18.500 --> 00:03:20.020 By no means! You will never be overtaken. 00:03:20.659 --> 00:03:26.020 Indeed, with me is my Lord; He will guide me to a path by which I shall be saved from Pharaoh and his people." 00:03:27.819 --> 00:03:33.259 Then We revealed to Moses: "Strike the sea with your staff." 00:03:33.780 --> 00:03:39.699 So it parted, and each portion was like a towering mountain. 00:03:41.500 --> 00:03:47.819 It is mentioned that Allah had commanded the sea not to part until Moses struck it with his staff. 00:03:48.379 --> 00:03:53.699 Thus, every segment of the sea, when Moses struck it, became like a massive mountain. 00:03:54.340 --> 00:03:59.060 It is also mentioned that it parted into twelve paths, corresponding to the number of the tribes. 00:03:59.620 --> 00:04:01.900 For every tribe among them, there was a separate path. 00:04:03.199 --> 00:04:07.400 And We brought the others near to that place. 00:04:07.759 --> 00:04:13.599 “And We saved Moses and those with him, every one;” (26:65) 00:04:14.000 --> 00:04:18.120 Then We drowned the others. 00:04:19.860 --> 00:04:25.019 We brought the people of Pharaoh close to the sea right there, and led them forward into it. 00:04:25.660 --> 00:04:31.180 And We saved Moses from drowning, alongside all who were with him among the Children of Israel. 00:04:31.779 --> 00:04:37.459 Then We drowned Pharaoh and his people in the sea after We had delivered Moses from it. 00:04:39.060 --> 00:04:47.939 Indeed in that is a sign, yet most of them were not believers. 00:04:48.180 --> 00:04:53.220 And indeed, your Lord is the Almighty, the Most Merciful. 00:04:54.949 --> 00:05:00.029 Truly, in what I did to Pharaoh and those with him—by drowning them in the sea— 00:05:00.509 --> 00:05:07.350 Is a clear proof, O Muhammad, for your people that this is My established way regarding whoever follows their path. 00:05:08.029 --> 00:05:11.910 And there is a sign for you in My treatment of Moses and My deliverance of him: 00:05:12.509 --> 00:05:16.110 That I shall treat you as I treated him, if you show patience as he showed patience. 00:05:16.829 --> 00:05:22.949 And most of your people, O Muhammad, were not believers in the clear truth that Allah brought to you, 00:05:23.550 --> 00:05:26.629 For it had already preceded in My divine knowledge that they would not believe. 00:05:27.389 --> 00:05:32.750 And indeed, your Lord is the Almighty in His retribution against those who disbelieve in Him and deny His messengers, 00:05:33.389 --> 00:05:37.389 The Most Merciful toward those among His messengers and their followers whom He saves from drowning 00:05:37.990 --> 00:05:40.589 And from the punishment with which He chastises the disbelievers. 00:05:42.649 --> 00:05:45.970 “Recite unto them the story of Abraham:” (26:69) 00:05:46.410 --> 00:05:51.050 “When he said unto his father and his folk: What worship ye?” (26:70) 00:05:51.490 --> 00:05:57.089 “They said: We worship idols, and are ever devoted unto them.” (26:71) 00:05:58.610 --> 00:06:03.050 And relate to your people among the polytheists, O Muhammad, the story of Abraham, 00:06:03.649 --> 00:06:07.689 When he said to his father and his people: "What is it that you worship?" 00:06:08.449 --> 00:06:10.649 They said: "We worship idols, 00:06:11.209 --> 00:06:15.930 And we remain devoted in serving and worshipping them." 00:06:17.579 --> 00:06:21.860 “He said: Do they hear you when ye cry?” (26:72) 00:06:22.339 --> 00:06:26.420 “Or do they benefit or harm you?” (26:73) 00:06:28.189 --> 00:06:29.709 Abraham said to them: 00:06:30.350 --> 00:06:34.509 "Do these deities hear you when you call upon them, 00:06:35.269 --> 00:06:37.350 Or do these idols benefit you, 00:06:37.910 --> 00:06:41.350 By granting you any provision on account of your worship of them, 00:06:41.949 --> 00:06:46.189 Or do they harm you, punishing you if you abandon their worship— 00:06:46.509 --> 00:06:48.589 By stripping you of your wealth?" 00:06:50.350 --> 00:06:57.470 “They said: Nay, but we found our fathers acting on this wise.” (26:74) 00:06:58.980 --> 00:07:00.860 They said in response to him: 00:07:01.620 --> 00:07:04.300 "Nay, they do not hear us when we call upon them, 00:07:04.819 --> 00:07:07.300 Nor do they benefit us or cause us harm. 00:07:07.939 --> 00:07:12.779 Rather, we found our forefathers before us worshipping them in this manner, 00:07:13.339 --> 00:07:15.660 Remaining devoted to their service, 00:07:16.220 --> 00:07:18.860 So we simply do as they did, following their example." 00:07:20.680 --> 00:07:26.000 “He said: See now that which ye worship,” (26:75) 00:07:26.519 --> 00:07:31.839 "You and your ancient forefathers?" 00:07:32.360 --> 00:07:39.000 “Lo! they are (all) an enemy unto me, save the Lord of the Worlds,” (26:77) 00:07:40.740 --> 00:07:42.379 Abraham said to his people: 00:07:43.209 --> 00:07:47.649 "Have you considered these idols that you used to worship— 00:07:48.170 --> 00:07:51.209 You and your earliest forefathers before you? 00:07:51.810 --> 00:07:55.730 Indeed, they are an enemy to me if I were to worship them on the Day of Resurrection, 00:07:56.370 --> 00:07:58.810 And I am utterly free of them and do not worship them, 00:07:59.209 --> 00:08:01.089 Except the Lord of all the worlds, 00:08:02.790 --> 00:08:07.310 “Who created me, and He doth guide me,” (26:78) 00:08:07.709 --> 00:08:12.149 “And Who feedeth me and watereth me.” (26:79) 00:08:12.550 --> 00:08:16.629 “And when I sicken, then He healeth me,” (26:80) 00:08:17.069 --> 00:08:22.189 “And Who causeth me to die, then giveth me life (again),” (26:81) 00:08:22.670 --> 00:08:30.550 “And Who, I ardently hope, will forgive me my sin on the Day of Judgment.” (26:82) 00:08:32.120 --> 00:08:36.519 Who created me, and He guides me to that which is correct in speech and deed, 00:08:37.039 --> 00:08:38.879 And directs me toward righteousness. 00:08:39.639 --> 00:08:42.399 And He is the One who feeds me with food and drink; 00:08:43.080 --> 00:08:45.200 And when my body falls ill and suffers ailment, 00:08:45.559 --> 00:08:47.600 He heals me and restores my health; 00:08:48.200 --> 00:08:50.360 And He is the One who will cause me to die whenever He wills, 00:08:50.919 --> 00:08:54.080 Then bring me back to life when He desires, after my death; 00:08:54.679 --> 00:08:58.600 And He is the One whom I fervently hope will forgive me my sin on the Day of Judgment. 00:08:59.200 --> 00:09:03.039 For this Lord of mine is the One in whose hand lies my benefit and my harm, 00:09:03.559 --> 00:09:07.200 And to Him belong all power and absolute authority in this world and the Hereafter. 00:09:09.019 --> 00:09:16.100 “My Lord! Vouchsafe me wisdom and unite me to the righteous.” (26:83) 00:09:16.620 --> 00:09:21.299 “And give unto me a good report in later generations.” (26:84) 00:09:22.820 --> 00:09:26.899 "My Lord, grant me prophethood and make me a messenger to Your creation, 00:09:27.539 --> 00:09:32.940 So that You may join me thereby to the ranks of those messengers You sent to Your creation; 00:09:33.830 --> 00:09:37.789 And grant me an honorable mention and noble praise among the people, 00:09:38.350 --> 00:09:41.509 An enduring legacy among the generations that come after; 00:09:43.059 --> 00:09:50.820 “And place me among the inheritors of the Garden of Delight,” (26:85) 00:09:51.419 --> 00:10:01.179 And forgive my father, for he was indeed among the astray. 00:10:01.539 --> 00:10:05.620 “And abase me not on the day when they are raised,” (26:87) 00:10:06.100 --> 00:10:11.340 “The day when wealth and sons avail not (any man)” (26:88) 00:10:11.980 --> 00:10:17.379 “Save him who bringeth unto Allah a whole heart.” (26:89) 00:10:19.350 --> 00:10:22.029 "And cause me to inherit, my Lord, the dwellings of the Garden of Paradise; 00:10:22.669 --> 00:10:26.470 And pardon my father for his associating partners with You, and do not punish him for it— 00:10:27.110 --> 00:10:31.070 For he was among those who strayed from the path of guidance and disbelieved in You; 00:10:31.789 --> 00:10:36.309 And do not disgrace me with Your punishment on the Day when Your servants are resurrected from their graves— 00:10:36.990 --> 00:10:40.750 A Day when wealth possessed in the world will not benefit him who disbelieved, 00:10:41.309 --> 00:10:44.110 Nor will his sons who belonged to him in that worldly life; 00:10:44.909 --> 00:10:51.269 A Day when none will benefit except him who comes with a sound heart, free from doubt regarding Allah's oneness and the resurrection after death." 00:10:52.830 --> 00:10:57.269 And Paradise was brought near for the righteous, 00:10:57.710 --> 00:11:01.549 And the Hellfire was made manifest for the devious. 00:11:03.419 --> 00:11:08.500 Paradise was brought close and positioned near to those who feared the punishment of Allah in the Hereafter, 00:11:09.100 --> 00:11:14.100 While the Fire was made fully visible to those who strayed and deviated from the straight path. 00:11:29.129 --> 00:11:30.649 And it was said to the devious: 00:11:31.129 --> 00:11:35.009 "Where are those rivals you used to worship besides Allah? 00:11:35.690 --> 00:11:39.929 Can they help you today against Allah and rescue you from His punishment, 00:11:40.409 --> 00:11:45.009 Or can they help themselves and save their own selves from what is intended for them?" 00:11:46.940 --> 00:11:50.940 “Then will they be hurled therein, they and the seducers” (26:94) 00:11:51.220 --> 00:11:54.340 And the hosts of Iblis, all together. 00:11:55.980 --> 00:11:58.740 So some of them were thrown into Hell on top of others, 00:11:59.340 --> 00:12:03.539 Tossed one over another, cast down headlong upon their faces. 00:12:04.179 --> 00:12:06.980 Thus were the disbelievers and the devils hurled into it, 00:12:07.539 --> 00:12:10.620 As were the hosts of Iblis, all together— 00:12:11.019 --> 00:12:13.419 Meaning everyone who was among his followers, 00:12:13.820 --> 00:12:17.620 Whether from his own offspring or from the offspring of Adam. 00:12:36.529 --> 00:12:40.970 These devious ones, the rivals they used to worship, 00:12:41.370 --> 00:12:45.169 And the hosts of Iblis said while disputing with one another inside Hell: 00:12:45.769 --> 00:12:53.169 "By Allah, we were clearly in manifest error—as is obvious to anyone who reflects and ponders that it was falsehood and error! 00:12:53.769 --> 00:12:55.970 We were truly straying far from the truth, 00:12:56.570 --> 00:13:00.970 When we equated you with the Lord of all the worlds, worshipping you instead of Him." 00:13:02.269 --> 00:13:06.669 “It was but the guilty who misled us.” (26:99) 00:13:07.070 --> 00:13:11.470 “Now we have no intercessors” (26:100) 00:13:11.870 --> 00:13:14.470 "Nor any close, loyal friend." 00:13:15.070 --> 00:13:22.470 “Oh, that we had another turn (on earth), that we might be of the believers!” (26:102) 00:13:24.169 --> 00:13:26.370 “It was but the guilty who misled us.” (26:99) 00:13:26.970 --> 00:13:29.970 Iblis and the son of Adam who instituted murder. 00:13:30.769 --> 00:13:35.169 "So we have no intercessors from among distant allies to intercede for us with Allah, 00:13:35.970 --> 00:13:38.570 Nor any close, loyal friend from among our relatives. 00:13:39.629 --> 00:13:43.429 If only we could return to the worldly life, we would surely be among the believers!" 00:13:45.289 --> 00:13:54.090 Indeed in that is a sign, yet most of them were not believers. 00:13:54.490 --> 00:14:00.490 And indeed, your Lord is the Almighty, the Most Merciful. 00:14:02.600 --> 00:14:07.799 Truly, in the arguments that Abraham presented to his people—which We have mentioned— 00:14:08.200 --> 00:14:11.799 Is a clear, manifest proof for anyone who takes admonition, 00:14:12.200 --> 00:14:14.600 Showing that Allah's established way regarding His creation— 00:14:15.200 --> 00:14:20.799 Namely, those who follow the custom of Abraham's people in worshipping idols and false deities— 00:14:21.200 --> 00:14:23.799 Is precisely what He decreed for them in the Abode of the Hereafter: 00:14:24.200 --> 00:14:27.799 Their being hurled headlong into Hell alongside the hosts of Iblis. 00:14:28.200 --> 00:14:32.200 And most of them were not believers in His eternal, prior knowledge. 00:14:32.799 --> 00:14:37.799 And indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad, is severe in His retribution against whoever is worshipped besides Him, 00:14:38.200 --> 00:14:46.000 Yet Most Merciful toward whoever among them repents, refraining from punishing him for the sins and offenses he committed prior to his repentance. 00:14:47.590 --> 00:14:51.190 The people of Noah denied the messengers. 00:14:51.590 --> 00:14:57.190 “When their brother Noah said unto them: Will ye not ward off (evil)?” (26:106) 00:14:57.590 --> 00:15:01.980 "Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger." 00:15:03.580 --> 00:15:07.980 The people of Noah denied the messengers of Allah whom He sent to them, 00:15:08.379 --> 00:15:12.580 When their brother Noah said to them: "Will you not fear Allah, 00:15:12.980 --> 00:15:15.779 And beware of His punishment for your disbelief in Him? 00:15:16.620 --> 00:15:20.620 Indeed, I am to you a messenger from Allah, trustworthy with His revelation. 00:15:22.539 --> 00:15:25.340 So fear Allah and obey me. 00:15:25.740 --> 00:15:33.340 And I do not ask you for any reward for it; my reward is only from the Lord of all the worlds. 00:15:33.740 --> 00:15:36.539 So fear Allah and obey me." 00:15:38.419 --> 00:15:42.220 "So fear the punishment of Allah, O people, for your disbelief in Him, 00:15:42.820 --> 00:15:45.220 And obey me in the sincere advice I give you. 00:15:45.820 --> 00:15:50.019 I do not seek from you any payment or compensation for my advice; 00:15:50.620 --> 00:15:56.019 My reward lies only with the Lord of all the worlds, not with you or any of Allah's creation. 00:15:56.690 --> 00:16:00.090 So fear Allah and obey me in my counsel." 00:16:00.090 --> 00:16:04.860 Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.