In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation
It was summarized by Dr. Aqeel bin Salem Al-Shammari
Surat Al-Ma'idah
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
You will find that the people most hostile to those who believe are the Jews and those who associate polytheists
And you will find that the closest of them to those who believe are those who say, “We are Christians.”
This is because among them are priests and monks and they are not arrogant
You will find, O Muhammad, the people most hostile to those of the people of Islam who believed you and followed you
Jews and idolaters
And you will find the people closest in love to those who are true to God and His Messenger
Who said we are Christians
Because among them are priests who are diligent in worship
Among them are scholars of their books and people who recite them
They are not far from believers
Because of their humility towards the truth if they know it
They are not too arrogant to accept it if they discover it
And when they hear what was revealed to the Messenger, you will see their eyes overflowing with tears
You see their eyes overflowing with tears because they knew the truth
They say, “Our Lord, we believe, so write us down with the witnesses.”
And when these people hear, O Muhammad, what has been revealed to you of the Book will be recited
You see their eyes fill with tears and then flow
Because they know that what is recited to them from the Book of God is true
And they say, “O our Lord, we spoke the truth when we heard what you revealed to your Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, from your book.”
So make us among those who will bear witness to your prophets on the Day of Resurrection that they conveyed your messages to their nations
If someone had said, “Then write us down with the witnesses who bear witness that what you revealed to your Messenger is true,” it would have been true.
Why do we not acknowledge the oneness of God and what has come to us from God in His Book and His revelation?
With our belief in this, we hope that our Lord will include us among the righteous people who are obedient to Him
So God rewarded them for what they said, with gardens that would fill us with beautiful strength
So God rewarded them for what they said, Gardens beneath which rivers flow, beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever
This is the reward of the doers of good
So God rewarded them for saying that, with orchards under whose trees rivers flow, and they always stay there, and this is what I rewarded these people with, the reward for every doer of good in his words and deeds.
And those who disbelieve and deny Our signs - those are the dwellers of Hell
As for those who denied the monotheism of God and denied the prophethood of Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and denied the verses of His Book, then those are the inhabitants of Hell and will remain therein.
O you who have believed, do not prohibit the good things that God has made lawful for you, and do not transgress. Indeed, God does not like transgressors.
O you who have believed God and His Messenger, do not deprive the good things that souls desire and hearts incline to, which God has made lawful for you.
And do not transgress the limit of God which He has set for you in what is permissible for you and in what is forbidden to you, for God does not like one who transgresses the limit which He has set for His creation.
And eat of what God has provided for you, lawful and good, and fear God in whom you are believers
Eat, O believers, from the provision of God, who has provided for you and made lawful and good for you, and fear God, O believers, to whose Oneness you are connected.
That you transgress within its limits, thus permitting what has been forbidden to you and prohibiting what has been made permissible for you
God will not call you to account for what is frivolous in your oaths, but He will call you to account for what you have made with your oaths
His expiation is feeding ten poor people with the average food you feed your family, clothing them, or freeing a slave
Whoever does not find it, then fast for three days. This is the atonement for your oaths if you swear and keep your oaths
Thus God makes clear to you His signs that you may be grateful
Your Lord will not hold you accountable, O believers, for exaggerated speech and oaths if you do not intentionally disobey God with them.
But He will call you to account for what you have made obligatory upon yourselves and upon which your hearts have determined
It is an expiation for what you committed, and it covers the evil of what you did of lying and falsehood
Feeding ten poor people is more just than feeding your families, or clothing them, or freeing a slave from the captivity and humiliation of slavery.
Whoever does not find expiation for his oath except what is sufficient for his strength and the strength of his family, then he must fast for three days
This what I mentioned to you is the atonement for your oaths that you took when you swore
And guard your oaths, O you who have believed, lest you break them and then waste the atonement for them
Just as He made clear to you the atonement for your oaths, so He makes clear to you the signs of His religion and explains them to you
To thank God for guiding you and granting you success
O you who have believed, wine, gambling, stones, and stones are an abomination from the work of Satan, so avoid them that you may succeed.
O you who have believed God and His Messenger, the wine that you drink and the gambling that you acquire
And the pillars by which you sacrifice and the pegs with which you divide them are sinful and stinking. God is displeased and hateful to you.
And all of this is from Satan’s beautification of you, so abandon him and reject him so that you may succeed and attain success with your Lord by abandoning that.
Satan only wants to create enmity and hatred between you through alcohol and gambling, and to prevent you from remembering God and praying.
Are you finished?
Satan only wants to create enmity and hatred between you through your drinking of alcohol and your sharing of cups of wine.
Then you will be hostile to one another, and your affairs will be divided after God has united you in faith
He wants to distract you with this wine and keep you busy with this gambling
About the remembrance of God, through which your life and the hereafter will be prosperous, and about the prayer that He has made obligatory upon you
Have you refrained from drinking this and drinking from this and doing what your Lord has commanded you?
And obey God, and obey the Messenger, and beware. If you turn away, then know that it is only upon Our Messenger to deliver the clear message
And obey God and obey the Messenger when you avoid that, and fear God and watch for Him to see you when He forbids it from you.
If you do not do what we commanded you, then know that it is not upon the one whom we sent to you as a warning
Other than conveying to you the message, explaining to you a statement that clarifies to you the path of truth and the path that you were commanded to follow
As for the punishment for loyalty and revenge, it falls on the addressee, not the messengers
So expect my punishment and beware of my wrath
There is no blame on those who believe and do righteous deeds for what they ate if they feared and believed and did righteous deeds, then feared and believed, then feared and believed, then feared and did good, and God loves the doers of good.
Those of you who believe and do righteous deeds are not to blame for the wine they drink
In a situation in which God Almighty did not forbid it to them, if the living among them feared and feared
And they gained from deeds what pleases God
Then they feared God and observed Him by avoiding incest
Then they feared God, and their fear of God called them to do good deeds through which they approached their Lord, seeking His satisfaction and escaping His punishment.
God loves those who draw near to Him through voluntary deeds that please Him
O you who have believed, God will surely test you with something of game that your hands and spears will catch, so that God will know who fears Him in the unseen. But whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment.
O you who have been truthful to God and His Messenger, God will certainly test you with some game. Once you are in ihram, you will obtain it with your hands, either by hand, like eggs and chicks.
Or by striking arrows and spears, so that God will test you, so that God’s friends and people who believe in Him may know who is the one who fears God and fears what He has forbidden from being unseen in this world, such that he cannot see it.
Whoever transgresses the limit that God has set for him and makes lawful what God has forbidden to him, he will have a painful and painful punishment from God
O you who have believed, do not kill game while you are in ihram, and whoever among you kills it intentionally
A recompense such as the camels that were killed is determined by just people among you as a sacrifice that reaches the Kaaba, or atonement for feeding the poor, or that is equivalent to fasting for him to taste, and with the command.
God pardons what is past and whoever returns, God will take revenge on him, and God is mighty in taking revenge
O you who have believed God and His Messenger, do not kill wild game while you are in ihram for Hajj or Umrah
And whoever of you kills him intentionally, he must be rewarded with blessings. This punishment will be judged by two just and knowledgeable jurists from the people of religion and virtue.
Provided that he is guided by the reward and reaches the sanctuary, or he must make expiation by feeding poor people, or the killer of the game must fast as much as that catch, and that is if the game is caught alive its value in food, then he fasts a day in place of each mudd.
Or the hunter-killer must make atonement so that he may taste the punishment for his sin by requiring him to pay a fine and work hard on his body, which is tiring and difficult for him.
May God forgive you, O believers, for what happened to you during your ignorance, such as hunting while you were in a state of sanctuary
But whoever of you returns to kill him while he is in ihram after being prohibited, then God will take revenge on him, and God is invincible in His authority, and nothing will prevent Him from punishing those who disobeyed Him, because the creation is His creation and the matter is His command.
And fear God, to whom you will be gathered
It is permissible for you, O believers, to fish the sea and to treat all the rivers with it, for the benefit of the resident who enjoys its fish and benefits from it, and of benefit to those who travel from land to land.
And God forbade you from hunting on land as long as you were forbidden
Fear God, O people, for God is your destiny and your return, and He will punish you for disobeying Him
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation