WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 Summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. Aqeel ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.099 --> 00:00:16.260 Surah al-Ma'idah. 00:00:17.769 --> 00:00:21.730 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.149 --> 00:00:33.149 “Thou wilt find the most vehement of mankind in hostility to those who believe (to be) the Jews and the idolaters. And thou wilt find the nearest of them in affection to those who believe (to be) those who say: Lo! We are Christians. That is because there are among them priests and monks, and because they are not proud.” (5:82) 00:00:33.390 --> 00:00:44.109 “Thou wilt find the most vehement of mankind in hostility to those who believe (to be) the Jews and the idolaters. And thou wilt find the nearest of them in affection to those who believe (to be) those who say: Lo! We are Christians. That is because there are among them priests and monks, and because they are not proud.” (5:82) 00:00:44.590 --> 00:00:53.909 “Thou wilt find the most vehement of mankind in hostility to those who believe (to be) the Jews and the idolaters. And thou wilt find the nearest of them in affection to those who believe (to be) those who say: Lo! We are Christians. That is because there are among them priests and monks, and because they are not proud.” (5:82) 00:00:55.270 --> 00:01:02.429 You will surely find, O Muhammad, the most intense of people in animosity toward those who believed you and followed you among the people of Islam... 00:01:02.869 --> 00:01:05.349 ...to be the Jews and those who associate partners with Allah. 00:01:06.060 --> 00:01:11.260 And you will surely find the nearest of them in affection to those who believed Allah and His Messenger... 00:01:11.700 --> 00:01:14.379 ...to be those who said, "We are Christians." 00:01:14.819 --> 00:01:19.099 That is because among them are priests who exert dedicated effort in worship, 00:01:19.500 --> 00:01:23.379 and among them are scholars of their Scriptures who recite them; 00:01:23.939 --> 00:01:26.260 thus, they are not far from the believers, 00:01:26.540 --> 00:01:29.299 due to their humility toward the truth when they recognize it, 00:01:29.739 --> 00:01:33.459 and because they are not too arrogant to accept it when it becomes clear to them. 00:01:34.640 --> 00:01:42.799 “When they listen to that which hath been revealed unto the messengers, thou seest their eyes overflow with tears because of their recognition of the Truth. They say: Our Lord, we believe. Inscribe us as among the witnesses.” (5:83) 00:01:43.439 --> 00:01:50.640 “When they listen to that which hath been revealed unto the messengers, thou seest their eyes overflow with tears because of their recognition of the Truth. They say: Our Lord, we believe. Inscribe us as among the witnesses.” (5:83) 00:01:51.159 --> 00:01:58.400 “When they listen to that which hath been revealed unto the messengers, thou seest their eyes overflow with tears because of their recognition of the Truth. They say: Our Lord, we believe. Inscribe us as among the witnesses.” (5:83) 00:01:59.750 --> 00:02:05.069 And when these people hear, O Muhammad, what has been revealed to you from the Book being recited, 00:02:05.590 --> 00:02:09.870 you see their eyes overflowing with tears that flow down their faces, 00:02:10.430 --> 00:02:15.069 because they recognize that what is being recited to them from the Book of Allah is the truth. 00:02:15.710 --> 00:02:25.550 They say, "O our Lord, we have believed when we heard what You revealed to Your Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from Your Book, 00:02:26.110 --> 00:02:33.949 so place us among those who will testify for Your prophets on the Day of Resurrection that they conveyed Your messages to their nations." 00:02:34.830 --> 00:02:45.069 If one were to say, "So write us down among the witnesses who bear witness that what You revealed to Your Messenger is the truth," it would be correct. 00:02:55.969 --> 00:03:04.460 "And why should we not affirm the Oneness of Allah and what has come to us from Allah of His Book and the verses of His revelation, 00:03:05.020 --> 00:03:12.139 while we ardently hope, through our faith in that, that our Lord will admit us alongside the righteous and obedient people?" 00:03:13.020 --> 00:03:21.569 So Allah rewarded them for what they said with Gardens through which flow beautiful streams. 00:03:22.129 --> 00:03:33.569 So Allah rewarded them for what they said with Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding eternally therein; 00:03:33.969 --> 00:03:40.370 and that is the reward of the doers of good. 00:03:40.370 --> 00:03:57.879 Thus Allah rewarded them for their statement with gardens beneath whose trees rivers flow, wherein their stay is perpetual; and this reward that I have granted them is the reward of every doer of good in his speech and deeds. 00:03:57.879 --> 00:04:07.939 But those who disbelieved and denied Our signs—those are the companions of the Hellfire. 00:04:08.939 --> 00:04:24.360 As for those who denied the Oneness of Allah, rejected the prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him), and denied the verses of His Book, those are the inhabitants of the Hellfire, remaining therein perpetually. 00:04:24.360 --> 00:04:39.360 “O ye who believe! Forbid not the good things which Allah hath made lawful for you, and transgress not, Lo! Allah loveth not transgressors.” (5:87) 00:04:39.360 --> 00:04:52.810 O you who have believed Allah and His Messenger, do not forbid the good things—the lawful delicacies that souls desire and hearts incline toward—which Allah has made lawful for you. 00:04:52.810 --> 00:05:04.810 And do not transgress the boundary of Allah that He set for you regarding what He made lawful for you and what He made unlawful to you; for Allah does not love those who transgress His boundary that He established for His creation. 00:05:04.810 --> 00:05:20.379 “Eat of that which Allah hath bestowed on you as food lawful and good, and keep your duty to Allah in Whom ye are believers.” (5:88) 00:05:20.379 --> 00:05:33.930 Eat, O believers, from the provision of Allah that He has provided for you and made lawful, as wholesome and lawful sustenance; and fear Allah, O believers, whose Oneness you affirm, 00:05:33.930 --> 00:05:41.930 lest you transgress His boundaries by making lawful what He has forbidden to you, or forbidding what He has made lawful for you. 00:05:41.930 --> 00:05:55.500 “Allah will not take you to task for that which is unintentional in your oaths, but He will take you to task for the oaths which ye swear in earnest. The expiation thereof is the feeding of ten of the needy with the average of that wherewith ye feed your own folk, or the clothing of them, or the liberation of a slave, and for him who findeth not (the wherewithal to do so) then a three days' fast. This is the expiation of your oaths when ye have sworn; and keep your oaths. Thus Allah expoundeth unto you His revelations in order that ye may give thanks.” (5:89) 00:05:55.500 --> 00:06:11.500 “Allah will not take you to task for that which is unintentional in your oaths, but He will take you to task for the oaths which ye swear in earnest. The expiation thereof is the feeding of ten of the needy with the average of that wherewith ye feed your own folk, or the clothing of them, or the liberation of a slave, and for him who findeth not (the wherewithal to do so) then a three days' fast. This is the expiation of your oaths when ye have sworn; and keep your oaths. Thus Allah expoundeth unto you His revelations in order that ye may give thanks.” (5:89) 00:06:11.500 --> 00:06:24.500 “Allah will not take you to task for that which is unintentional in your oaths, but He will take you to task for the oaths which ye swear in earnest. The expiation thereof is the feeding of ten of the needy with the average of that wherewith ye feed your own folk, or the clothing of them, or the liberation of a slave, and for him who findeth not (the wherewithal to do so) then a three days' fast. This is the expiation of your oaths when ye have sworn; and keep your oaths. Thus Allah expoundeth unto you His revelations in order that ye may give thanks.” (5:89) 00:06:24.500 --> 00:06:32.500 “Allah will not take you to task for that which is unintentional in your oaths, but He will take you to task for the oaths which ye swear in earnest. The expiation thereof is the feeding of ten of the needy with the average of that wherewith ye feed your own folk, or the clothing of them, or the liberation of a slave, and for him who findeth not (the wherewithal to do so) then a three days' fast. This is the expiation of your oaths when ye have sworn; and keep your oaths. Thus Allah expoundeth unto you His revelations in order that ye may give thanks.” (5:89) 00:06:32.500 --> 00:06:42.139 Your Lord will not impose accountability upon you, O believers, for idle talk in your oaths when you do not intend by them disobedience to Allah, 00:06:42.139 --> 00:06:50.139 but He will hold you accountable for the binding oaths you deliberately swear and resolve upon in your hearts. 00:06:50.139 --> 00:06:57.139 Its expiation shall cover what you bound of them and conceal the evil of any lie or falsehood you uttered: 00:06:57.139 --> 00:07:08.139 feeding ten needy persons with the average food you feed your families, or clothing them, or freeing a slave from the captivity and humiliation of bondage. 00:07:08.139 --> 00:07:17.209 But whoever does not find the means for the expiation of his oath except the amount of his basic sustenance and the sustenance of his family, he must fast three days. 00:07:17.209 --> 00:07:24.209 This which I have mentioned to you is the expiation for your oaths that you have bound when you swear. 00:07:24.209 --> 00:07:32.209 And guard your oaths, O you who believe, against breaking them and subsequently neglecting their expiation. 00:07:32.209 --> 00:07:40.240 Just as He has made clear to you the expiation for your oaths, He likewise makes clear to you the milestones of His religion, clarifying them for you, 00:07:40.240 --> 00:07:46.689 so that you may be grateful to Allah for His guidance and granted success to you. 00:07:46.689 --> 00:08:09.689 “O ye who believe! Strong drink and games of chance and idols and divining arrows are only an infamy of Satan's handiwork. Leave it aside in order that ye may succeed.” (5:90) 00:08:09.689 --> 00:08:19.259 O you who have believed Allah and His Messenger, intoxicants that you drink, gambling that you engage in, 00:08:19.259 --> 00:08:30.259 altars upon which you sacrifice, and divining arrows by which you seek luck are a sin, filth, and abomination that Allah detests and dislikes for you. 00:08:30.259 --> 00:08:42.259 All of that is from Satan's beautification for you, so leave it and reject it that you may succeed and attain salvation with your Lord by abandoning it. 00:08:42.259 --> 00:09:07.490 “Satan seeketh only to cast among you enmity and hatred by means of strong drink and games of chance, and to turn you from remembrance of Allah and from (His) worship. Will ye then have done?” (5:91) 00:09:07.490 --> 00:09:14.100 Will you then refrain? 00:09:14.100 --> 00:09:23.100 Satan only desires to cause animosity and hatred among you through your drinking of intoxicants and your gambling with arrows, 00:09:23.100 --> 00:09:31.100 causing some of you to hold enmity toward others and breaking your unity after Allah brought you together through faith; 00:09:31.100 --> 00:09:37.100 and he desires to divert you, through these intoxicants and your preoccupation with this gambling, 00:09:37.100 --> 00:09:45.100 from the remembrance of Allah—in which lies the righteousness of your worldly life and Hereafter—and from the prayer that He obligated upon you. 00:09:45.100 --> 00:09:53.100 So will you abstain from drinking these, gambling with these, and act upon what your Lord has commanded you? 00:09:53.100 --> 00:10:08.480 “Obey Allah and obey the messenger, and beware! But if ye turn away, then know that the duty of Our messenger is only plain conveyance (of the message).” (5:92) 00:10:08.480 --> 00:10:18.990 And obey Allah and obey the Messenger in avoiding that, and fear Allah and be mindful of Him, lest He see you engaging in what He forbade you from. 00:10:18.990 --> 00:10:26.990 But if you do not act upon what We have commanded you, then know that the Messenger whom We sent to you with warning is not responsible... 00:10:26.990 --> 00:10:36.990 ...for anything beyond conveying the message to you clearly, illustrating for you the path of truth and the way you were commanded to follow. 00:10:36.990 --> 00:10:43.990 As for punishment for turning away and retribution, it rests upon the One who sent the Messenger, not upon the messengers themselves; 00:10:43.990 --> 00:10:48.340 so expect My punishment and beware of My wrath. 00:10:48.340 --> 00:11:17.340 There is no blame upon those who believe and do righteous deeds for what they consumed in the past, provided they fear Allah, believe, and do righteous deeds, then fear Allah and believe, then fear Allah and excel; and Allah loves the doers of good. 00:11:19.750 --> 00:11:25.750 There is no sin upon those among you who believed and did righteous deeds for the wine they consumed... 00:11:25.750 --> 00:11:33.750 ...at the time when Allah Almighty had not yet forbidden it to them, as long as the living among them feared Allah, held reverence, 00:11:33.750 --> 00:11:36.750 and performed deeds that please Allah; 00:11:36.750 --> 00:11:41.750 then feared Allah and were mindful of Him by avoiding His prohibitions; 00:11:41.750 --> 00:11:52.750 then feared Allah, such that their fear of Allah led them to excellence through voluntary good deeds to draw near to their Lord, seeking His pleasure and fleeing from His punishment. 00:11:52.750 --> 00:11:58.750 And Allah loves those who draw near to Him through voluntary deeds that please Him. 00:11:58.750 --> 00:12:24.940 “O ye who believe! Allah will surely try you somewhat (in the matter) of the game which ye take with your hands and your spears, that Allah may know him who feareth Him in secret. Whoso transgresseth after this, for him there is a painful doom.” (5:94) 00:12:24.940 --> 00:12:38.259 O you who have believed Allah and His Messenger, Allah will surely test you with some game while you are in the state of ihram, reached by your hands—such as eggs and chicks— 00:12:38.259 --> 00:12:55.259 or taken by your arrows and spears, so that Allah may test you to know the allies of Allah and the people of faith from him who fears Allah unseen in this world where no one sees him, and thus guards against what He forbade. 00:12:55.259 --> 00:13:05.259 So whoever transgresses the boundary that Allah established for him and treats as lawful what Allah made forbidden to him, for him is a painful and agonizing punishment from Allah. 00:13:05.259 --> 00:13:20.620 “O ye who believe! Kill no wild game while ye are on the pilgrimage. Whoso of you killeth it of set purpose he shall pay its forfeit in the equivalent of that which he hath killed, of domestic animals, the judge to be two men among you known for justice, (the forfeit) to be brought as an offering to the Ka'bah; or, for expiation, he shall feed poor persons, or the equivalent thereof in fasting, that he may taste the evil consequences of his deed. Allah forgiveth whatever (of this kind) may have happened in the past, but whoso relapseth, Allah will take retribution from him. Allah is Mighty, Able to Requite (the wrong).” (5:95) 00:13:20.620 --> 00:13:48.620 “O ye who believe! Kill no wild game while ye are on the pilgrimage. Whoso of you killeth it of set purpose he shall pay its forfeit in the equivalent of that which he hath killed, of domestic animals, the judge to be two men among you known for justice, (the forfeit) to be brought as an offering to the Ka'bah; or, for expiation, he shall feed poor persons, or the equivalent thereof in fasting, that he may taste the evil consequences of his deed. Allah forgiveth whatever (of this kind) may have happened in the past, but whoso relapseth, Allah will take retribution from him. Allah is Mighty, Able to Requite (the wrong).” (5:95) 00:13:48.620 --> 00:14:04.620 “O ye who believe! Kill no wild game while ye are on the pilgrimage. Whoso of you killeth it of set purpose he shall pay its forfeit in the equivalent of that which he hath killed, of domestic animals, the judge to be two men among you known for justice, (the forfeit) to be brought as an offering to the Ka'bah; or, for expiation, he shall feed poor persons, or the equivalent thereof in fasting, that he may taste the evil consequences of his deed. Allah forgiveth whatever (of this kind) may have happened in the past, but whoso relapseth, Allah will take retribution from him. Allah is Mighty, Able to Requite (the wrong).” (5:95) 00:14:04.620 --> 00:14:14.539 O you who have believed Allah and His Messenger, do not kill land game while you are in the state of ihram for Hajj or 'Umrah. 00:14:14.539 --> 00:14:27.539 And whoever among you kills it intentionally, its penalty shall be an equivalent from livestock, judged by two just, learned, and scholarly jurists from among the people of religion and virtue, 00:14:27.539 --> 00:14:47.539 provided that the penalty be brought as an offering reaching the Ka'bah, or he owes an expiation of feeding needy persons, or the hunter owes the equivalent of that game in fasting—by evaluating the game alive into its monetary worth of food, and then fasting one day for every *madd*. 00:14:47.539 --> 00:14:59.539 The expiation was made obligatory upon the hunter of game so that he may taste the penalty of his sin through being compelled to pay a fine and exert his body in that which tires and burdens him. 00:14:59.539 --> 00:15:08.700 Allah has pardoned, O believers, what occurred from you in your past during the days of ignorance, of taking game while in ihram. 00:15:08.700 --> 00:15:25.700 But whoever among you returns to killing it while in ihram after its prohibition, Allah will take retribution from him; for Allah is Almighty in His sovereignty, and no defender can prevent Him from punishing those who disobey Him, because the creation is His creation and the command is His command. 00:15:38.960 --> 00:15:44.960 And fear Allah, unto Whom you shall all be gathered. 00:15:44.960 --> 00:16:01.409 Lawful to you, O believers, is the game of the sea—meaning all bodies of water—as a benefit for the resident to enjoy eating it and utilizing it, and as provision for travelers moving from land to land. 00:16:01.409 --> 00:16:06.409 But Allah has forbidden to you the game of the land as long as you remain in the state of ihram. 00:16:06.409 --> 00:16:15.409 And fear Allah, O people, for unto Allah is your final destination and return, and He will punish you for your disobedience to Him. 00:16:15.409 --> 00:16:21.820 Summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.