WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.900 --> 00:00:16.410 Surah al-Ahzab. 00:00:18.370 --> 00:00:22.570 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.730 --> 00:00:31.769 “O Prophet! Keep thy duty to Allah and obey not the disbelievers and the hypocrites. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.” (33:1) 00:00:31.769 --> 00:00:37.049 Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. 00:00:38.659 --> 00:00:45.380 O Prophet, fear Allah by obeying Him, fulfilling His obligatory commands, and refraining from what He has forbidden. 00:00:45.859 --> 00:00:48.939 Do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites. 00:00:49.340 --> 00:00:51.259 For they are your enemies. 00:00:51.840 --> 00:00:55.399 Indeed, Allah has full knowledge of what their souls conceal. 00:00:55.679 --> 00:00:59.119 He is wise in managing your affairs and the affairs of your companions. 00:01:00.259 --> 00:01:04.459 “And follow that which is inspired in thee from thy Lord. Lo! Allah is Aware of what ye do.” (33:2) 00:01:04.700 --> 00:01:10.140 Indeed, Allah is ever-acquainted with what you do. 00:01:11.459 --> 00:01:14.700 Act according to the revelation Allah sends down to you. 00:01:15.060 --> 00:01:19.659 Indeed, Allah is fully aware of what you and your companions do regarding this Qur'an. 00:01:19.900 --> 00:01:23.340 He possesses expertise, and nothing of it is hidden from Him. 00:01:23.739 --> 00:01:26.099 And He will reward you for that. 00:01:27.140 --> 00:01:31.079 And rely upon Allah. 00:01:31.239 --> 00:01:34.159 And sufficient is Allah as a Disposer of affairs. 00:01:35.439 --> 00:01:38.120 Entrust your affairs to Allah, O Muhammad. 00:01:38.680 --> 00:01:42.920 Allah is sufficient for you as a Disposer of affairs and a Protector. 00:01:44.379 --> 00:01:50.650 “Allah hath not assigned unto any man two hearts within his body, nor hath He made your wives whom ye declare (to be your mothers) your mothers, nor hath He made those whom ye claim (to be your sons) your sons. This is but a saying of your mouths. But Allah saith the truth and He showeth the way.” (33:4) 00:01:51.170 --> 00:02:00.290 Allah has not made your wives, from whom you practice zihar, your mothers. 00:02:00.730 --> 00:02:06.569 Nor has He made your adopted sons your true sons. 00:02:07.129 --> 00:02:11.210 That is merely a statement from your mouths. 00:02:11.729 --> 00:02:16.849 “Allah hath not assigned unto any man two hearts within his body, nor hath He made your wives whom ye declare (to be your mothers) your mothers, nor hath He made those whom ye claim (to be your sons) your sons. This is but a saying of your mouths. But Allah saith the truth and He showeth the way.” (33:4) 00:02:18.349 --> 00:02:21.710 “Allah hath not assigned unto any man two hearts within his body, nor hath He made your wives whom ye declare (to be your mothers) your mothers, nor hath He made those whom ye claim (to be your sons) your sons. This is but a saying of your mouths. But Allah saith the truth and He showeth the way.” (33:4) 00:02:22.389 --> 00:02:25.030 This is a refutation from Allah, the Exalted. 00:02:25.509 --> 00:02:30.270 Directed at those who claimed that a man could have two hearts within his chest with which he could reason. 00:02:30.750 --> 00:02:35.870 Allah has not made your wives, whom you address with such words, your mothers. 00:02:36.270 --> 00:02:40.870 Nor has He made them like the backs of your mothers. 00:02:41.469 --> 00:02:44.349 Rather, He has declared that which you said before to be a falsehood. 00:02:44.949 --> 00:02:49.669 And Allah has not made the one you claimed to be your son—while he is the son of another—your true son. 00:02:50.189 --> 00:02:55.469 That is, the man’s statement to his wife: "You are to me like the back of my mother." 00:02:55.990 --> 00:02:59.150 And his calling someone who is not his son, his son. 00:02:59.629 --> 00:03:03.550 It is merely a statement from your mouths that has no reality. 00:03:04.310 --> 00:03:07.110 And Allah is the Truthful One who speaks the truth. 00:03:08.030 --> 00:03:10.870 And Allah guides His servants to the path of truth. 00:03:11.550 --> 00:03:13.870 And directs them to the way of righteousness. 00:03:15.699 --> 00:03:22.979 “Proclaim their real parentage. That will be more equitable in the sight of Allah. And if ye know not their fathers, then (they are) your brethren in the faith, and your clients. And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally, but what your hearts purpose (that will be a sin for you). Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (33:5) 00:03:23.580 --> 00:03:27.259 “Proclaim their real parentage. That will be more equitable in the sight of Allah. And if ye know not their fathers, then (they are) your brethren in the faith, and your clients. And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally, but what your hearts purpose (that will be a sin for you). Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (33:5) 00:03:27.259 --> 00:03:31.340 “Proclaim their real parentage. That will be more equitable in the sight of Allah. And if ye know not their fathers, then (they are) your brethren in the faith, and your clients. And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally, but what your hearts purpose (that will be a sin for you). Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (33:5) 00:03:31.860 --> 00:03:37.379 “Proclaim their real parentage. That will be more equitable in the sight of Allah. And if ye know not their fathers, then (they are) your brethren in the faith, and your clients. And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally, but what your hearts purpose (that will be a sin for you). Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (33:5) 00:03:37.379 --> 00:03:41.539 “Proclaim their real parentage. That will be more equitable in the sight of Allah. And if ye know not their fathers, then (they are) your brethren in the faith, and your clients. And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally, but what your hearts purpose (that will be a sin for you). Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (33:5) 00:03:42.099 --> 00:03:45.500 And Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful. 00:03:46.979 --> 00:03:52.060 Attribute your adopted sons, whose lineage you have attached to yourselves, to their true fathers. 00:03:52.659 --> 00:03:56.500 He says to His Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him: 00:03:57.060 --> 00:04:00.020 Attribute the lineage of Zayd to his father, Harithah. 00:04:00.500 --> 00:04:02.860 And do not call him Zayd ibn Muhammad. 00:04:03.620 --> 00:04:07.819 Calling them by their true fathers is more just in the sight of Allah. 00:04:08.419 --> 00:04:10.259 If you do not know who their father is, 00:04:10.740 --> 00:04:13.020 Then he is your brother in faith and your ally. 00:04:13.770 --> 00:04:20.970 There is no blame or sin upon you for any mistake you make in attributing someone to a father, 00:04:21.410 --> 00:04:24.449 When you believe him to be the son of the one you attribute him to, 00:04:24.889 --> 00:04:26.250 While he is actually the son of another. 00:04:26.889 --> 00:04:31.810 But the sin and blame lie upon you when you attribute him to someone other than his father, 00:04:32.290 --> 00:04:36.009 While you know he is the son of someone other than the one you attribute him to. 00:04:36.649 --> 00:04:40.649 And Allah has been covering the sin of the one who practiced zihar against his wife, 00:04:41.170 --> 00:04:43.689 And the one who claimed another’s child as his own, 00:04:44.250 --> 00:04:46.810 If he repents and returns to the command of Allah. 00:04:47.209 --> 00:04:49.009 And He is merciful to them both. 00:04:58.350 --> 00:05:02.670 And his wives are their mothers. 00:05:03.189 --> 00:05:11.029 “The Prophet is closer to the believers than their selves, and his wives are (as) their mothers. And the owners of kinship are closer one to another in the ordinance of Allah than (other) believers and the fugitives (who fled from Mecca), except that ye should do kindness to your friends. This is written in the Book (of nature).” (33:6) 00:05:11.589 --> 00:05:21.509 “The Prophet is closer to the believers than their selves, and his wives are (as) their mothers. And the owners of kinship are closer one to another in the ordinance of Allah than (other) believers and the fugitives (who fled from Mecca), except that ye should do kindness to your friends. This is written in the Book (of nature).” (33:6) 00:05:22.069 --> 00:05:25.829 That was inscribed in the Book. 00:05:27.370 --> 00:05:31.730 The Prophet Muhammad is more worthy of the believers than they are of themselves. 00:05:32.170 --> 00:05:35.050 He has the authority to judge among them as he wills. 00:05:35.689 --> 00:05:39.370 And the sanctity of his wives is like the sanctity of their mothers for them, 00:05:39.970 --> 00:05:44.170 In that it is forbidden for them to marry them after his death, 00:05:44.730 --> 00:05:47.610 Just as it is forbidden for them to marry their own mothers. 00:05:48.209 --> 00:05:51.689 And those of blood relationship, who inherited from one another, 00:05:52.129 --> 00:06:00.649 Are more entitled to inheritance than the believers and the Muhajirun, who used to inherit from one another based on migration and faith rather than kinship. 00:06:01.250 --> 00:06:13.649 Unless you show kindness to your allies—those whom the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, established brotherhood between you and them from the Muhajirun and the Ansar—through a bequest, 00:06:14.170 --> 00:06:16.250 Or through support and paying blood money on their behalf. 00:06:16.250 --> 00:06:22.329 Blood relatives were more entitled to one another in the Preserved Tablet, as it was written. 00:06:48.620 --> 00:06:52.649 And it was also recorded in the Book. 00:06:53.129 --> 00:06:57.529 When We took from the prophets their covenant, and from you, O Muhammad. 00:06:58.009 --> 00:07:02.410 “And when We exacted a covenant from the prophets, and from thee (O Muhammad) and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus son of Mary. We took from them a solemn covenant;” (33:7) 00:07:02.889 --> 00:07:07.850 And We took from them a solemn covenant that they would confirm one another. 00:07:09.420 --> 00:07:18.779 “That He may ask the loyal of their loyalty. And He hath prepared a painful doom for the unfaithful.” (33:8) 00:07:20.279 --> 00:07:23.560 We took from these prophets their pledge, 00:07:24.040 --> 00:07:28.360 So that I may ask the messengers about what their nations answered them with, 00:07:28.839 --> 00:07:33.560 And what their people did regarding the message they conveyed to them from their Lord. 00:07:34.279 --> 00:07:38.680 And He has prepared for the disbelievers among the nations a painful punishment. 00:07:50.600 --> 00:07:59.800 “O ye who believe! Remember Allah's favour unto you when there came against you hosts, and We sent against them a great wind and hosts ye could not see. And Allah is ever Seer of what ye do.” (33:9) 00:08:00.360 --> 00:08:04.680 And Allah is ever, of what you do, All-Seeing. 00:08:06.600 --> 00:08:12.920 O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allah upon you, which He bestowed upon your community, 00:08:13.560 --> 00:08:20.120 When the Muslims were besieged with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, during the days of the Trench. 00:08:20.759 --> 00:08:27.079 When the armies of the Confederates came against you: Quraysh, Ghatafan, and the Banu al-Nadir. 00:08:27.980 --> 00:08:33.899 So We sent against them a wind that overturned their cooking pots upon their faces, 00:08:34.460 --> 00:08:41.259 And uprooted their tents until they were defeated, while the angels did not fight on that day. 00:08:41.899 --> 00:08:44.700 And Allah was, regarding your deeds on that day, 00:08:45.259 --> 00:08:49.419 Namely their patience during the hardship and intensity they were in, 00:08:49.820 --> 00:08:55.419 And their steadfastness against their enemy, All-Seeing; nothing of that is hidden from Him. 00:08:57.539 --> 00:09:05.379 “When they came upon you from above you and from below you, and when eyes grew wild and hearts reached to the throats, and ye were imagining vain thoughts concerning Allah.” (33:10) 00:09:05.940 --> 00:09:18.419 “When they came upon you from above you and from below you, and when eyes grew wild and hearts reached to the throats, and ye were imagining vain thoughts concerning Allah.” (33:10) 00:09:18.419 --> 00:09:23.059 And you were making assumptions about Allah. 00:09:24.490 --> 00:09:27.210 And Allah is ever, of what you do, All-Seeing. 00:09:27.769 --> 00:09:32.250 When they came at you from above you and from below you. 00:09:32.970 --> 00:09:37.129 And when eyes shifted in fear and hearts reached the throats. 00:09:37.769 --> 00:09:43.289 And hearts leaped from their places due to terror and fear, reaching the throats. 00:09:43.929 --> 00:09:46.649 And you were making false assumptions about Allah. 00:09:47.129 --> 00:09:52.330 Like the assumption of those who thought that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, would be defeated, 00:09:52.970 --> 00:09:56.490 And that what Allah promised him of victory would not come to pass. 00:09:58.360 --> 00:10:05.559 There, the believers were tested and shaken with a severe shaking. 00:10:07.019 --> 00:10:09.740 At that moment, the faith of the believers was put to the test. 00:10:10.139 --> 00:10:13.179 And they were shaken by the trial with a severe shaking. 00:10:13.580 --> 00:10:15.179 And they were tested and tried. 00:10:16.700 --> 00:10:22.539 “And when the hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is a disease, were saying: Allah and His messenger promised us naught but delusion.” (33:12) 00:10:23.019 --> 00:10:27.740 “And when the hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is a disease, were saying: Allah and His messenger promised us naught but delusion.” (33:12) 00:10:29.269 --> 00:10:34.149 And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease of doubt said, 00:10:34.629 --> 00:10:37.990 “And when the hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is a disease, were saying: Allah and His messenger promised us naught but delusion.” (33:12) 00:10:38.710 --> 00:10:42.549 This was said by some of the hypocrites. 00:10:43.029 --> 00:10:46.470 Muhammad used to promise us the conquest of Persia and Rome, 00:10:46.710 --> 00:10:48.970 Yet here we are, besieged, 00:10:48.970 --> 00:10:53.269 To the point that none of us can even go out to relieve himself. 00:10:53.269 --> 00:10:57.669 “And when the hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is a disease, were saying: Allah and His messenger promised us naught but delusion.” (33:12) 00:10:57.669 --> 00:11:08.500 “And when a party of them said: O folk of Yathrib! There is no stand (possible) for you, therefor turn back. And certain of them (even) sought permission of the Prophet, saying: Our homes lie open (to the enemy). And they lay not open. They but wished to flee.” (33:13) 00:11:08.500 --> 00:11:17.860 “And when a party of them said: O folk of Yathrib! There is no stand (possible) for you, therefor turn back. And certain of them (even) sought permission of the Prophet, saying: Our homes lie open (to the enemy). And they lay not open. They but wished to flee.” (33:13) 00:11:17.860 --> 00:11:26.259 “And when a party of them said: O folk of Yathrib! There is no stand (possible) for you, therefor turn back. And certain of them (even) sought permission of the Prophet, saying: Our homes lie open (to the enemy). And they lay not open. They but wished to flee.” (33:13) 00:11:26.259 --> 00:11:34.980 And when some of them said, "O people of Yathrib, there is no place for you to stand, so return to your homes." 00:11:35.139 --> 00:11:41.460 He commanded them to flee from the camp of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and desert it. 00:11:41.460 --> 00:11:49.059 And some of them were asking the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, for permission to leave for their homes, 00:11:49.059 --> 00:11:54.580 Saying, "Our houses are exposed to the enemy, and we fear for them from thieves." 00:11:54.580 --> 00:12:02.740 But he only wanted to flee and escape from the camp of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:12:02.740 --> 00:12:17.240 “If the enemy had entered from all sides and they had been exhorted to treachery, they would have committed it, and would have hesitated thereupon but little.” (33:14) 00:12:17.240 --> 00:12:22.299 And if the city had been entered upon these people who were saying, 00:12:22.299 --> 00:12:26.799 "Our houses are exposed," from its sides and outskirts, 00:12:26.799 --> 00:12:30.100 And then they were asked to return from faith to polytheism, 00:12:30.100 --> 00:12:33.600 They would have done so, turned back from Islam, and associated partners with Allah. 00:12:33.600 --> 00:12:38.100 And they would not have hesitated to respond to the call to polytheism except for a little while. 00:12:38.100 --> 00:12:50.940 “And verily they had already sworn unto Allah that they would not turn their backs (to the foe). An oath to Allah must be answered for.” (33:15) 00:12:52.200 --> 00:12:59.200 And these people who were asking the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, for permission had already given a pledge, 00:12:59.200 --> 00:13:04.399 They had promised Allah before that they would not turn their backs to their enemy. 00:13:04.399 --> 00:13:06.899 But they did not fulfill their covenant. 00:13:06.899 --> 00:13:09.399 “And verily they had already sworn unto Allah that they would not turn their backs (to the foe). An oath to Allah must be answered for.” (33:15) 00:13:09.399 --> 00:13:15.419 So Allah will ask the one who gave that pledge from himself about it. 00:13:15.919 --> 00:13:32.980 “Say: Flight will not avail you if ye flee from death or killing, and then ye dwell in comfort but a little while.” (33:16) 00:13:32.980 --> 00:13:38.909 Say, O Muhammad, to those who ask your permission to leave you, 00:13:38.909 --> 00:13:43.909 “Say: Flight will not avail you if ye flee from death or killing, and then ye dwell in comfort but a little while.” (33:16) 00:13:43.909 --> 00:13:48.909 Because whatever Allah has decreed of death or killing will reach you in any case. 00:13:48.909 --> 00:13:51.909 And if you flee from death or killing, 00:13:51.909 --> 00:13:55.909 That flight will not increase your lifespan. 00:13:55.909 --> 00:14:01.409 Rather, you will only enjoy this world until the time decreed for you. 00:14:01.409 --> 00:14:06.440 Then what is decreed for you and against you will come to you. 00:14:06.440 --> 00:14:16.940 “Say: Who is he who can preserve you from Allah if He intendeth harm for you, or intendeth mercy for you. They will not find that they have any friend or helper other than Allah.” (33:17) 00:14:16.940 --> 00:14:25.940 And they will not find for themselves besides Allah any protector or helper. 00:14:25.940 --> 00:14:30.899 Say, O Muhammad, to those who ask your permission, 00:14:30.899 --> 00:14:36.899 "Who is it that can protect you from Allah if He intends for you harm in your own selves?" 00:14:36.899 --> 00:14:42.399 Whether it be killing, affliction, or otherwise, or health and safety. 00:14:42.399 --> 00:14:48.399 And these hypocrites will not find for themselves besides Allah any protector to suffice them, 00:14:48.399 --> 00:14:51.399 Nor any helper to help them against Allah, 00:14:51.399 --> 00:14:58.090 To ward off from them the harm that Allah has intended for them. 00:14:58.090 --> 00:15:02.090 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.