WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.169 --> 00:00:08.009 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.630 --> 00:00:12.630 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.269 --> 00:00:16.469 Surah al-A'raf. 00:00:17.940 --> 00:00:22.699 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.480 --> 00:00:29.320 "And when We raised the mountain above them as if it were a canopy." 00:00:29.320 --> 00:00:39.960 “And when We shook the Mount above them as it were a covering, and they supposed that it was going to fall upon them (and We said): Hold fast that which We have given you, and remember that which is therein, that ye may ward off (evil).” (7:171) 00:00:40.280 --> 00:00:48.280 "Take what We have given you with determination." 00:00:48.759 --> 00:00:53.759 "And remember what is in it, that you might become righteous." 00:00:55.020 --> 00:00:58.539 Remember, O Muhammad, when We uprooted the mountain from its foundation. 00:00:58.820 --> 00:01:01.820 And We raised it above the heads of the Children of Israel. 00:01:02.259 --> 00:01:04.540 It appeared like a dark cloud. 00:01:05.140 --> 00:01:07.739 And they thought that the mountain would fall upon them. 00:01:08.260 --> 00:01:09.500 And We said to them: 00:01:10.019 --> 00:01:13.659 "Take what We have given you of Our commandments and accept it." 00:01:14.140 --> 00:01:17.180 And strive diligently to fulfill it. 00:01:17.819 --> 00:01:21.340 And remember the covenants and pledges contained in Our Book. 00:01:21.340 --> 00:01:24.379 Which We took from you to act upon what is within it. 00:01:24.900 --> 00:01:28.099 So that you may fear your Lord and dread His punishment. 00:01:29.920 --> 00:01:37.480 “And (remember) when thy Lord brought forth from the Children of Adam, from their reins, their seed, and made them testify of themselves, (saying): Am I not your Lord? They said: Yea, verily. We testify. (That was) lest ye should say at the Day of Resurrection: Lo! of this we were unaware;” (7:172) 00:01:37.480 --> 00:01:43.120 And He made them bear witness against themselves. 00:01:43.120 --> 00:01:45.120 "Am I not your Lord?" 00:01:45.599 --> 00:01:51.959 “And (remember) when thy Lord brought forth from the Children of Adam, from their reins, their seed, and made them testify of themselves, (saying): Am I not your Lord? They said: Yea, verily. We testify. (That was) lest ye should say at the Day of Resurrection: Lo! of this we were unaware;” (7:172) 00:01:51.959 --> 00:01:57.159 “And (remember) when thy Lord brought forth from the Children of Adam, from their reins, their seed, and made them testify of themselves, (saying): Am I not your Lord? They said: Yea, verily. We testify. (That was) lest ye should say at the Day of Resurrection: Lo! of this we were unaware;” (7:172) 00:01:58.819 --> 00:02:00.819 And remember, O Muhammad, your Lord. 00:02:01.260 --> 00:02:05.579 When Allah brought forth the descendants of Adam from the loins of their fathers. 00:02:06.060 --> 00:02:08.060 And He made them affirm His Oneness. 00:02:08.340 --> 00:02:12.060 And He made them bear witness to one another regarding that. 00:02:12.460 --> 00:02:13.979 "Am I not your Lord?" 00:02:14.379 --> 00:02:15.500 They said, "Yes, we bear witness." 00:02:16.090 --> 00:02:21.090 Then those who bore witness against the others among the children of Adam said: 00:02:21.689 --> 00:02:25.889 "We bear witness against you regarding what you have affirmed for yourselves." 00:02:26.409 --> 00:02:28.409 So that you do not say on the Day of Resurrection: 00:02:29.090 --> 00:02:31.090 "We were unaware of this." 00:02:31.729 --> 00:02:33.729 "And we were heedless of it." 00:02:35.539 --> 00:02:41.860 “Or lest ye should say: (It is) only (that) our fathers ascribed partners to Allah of old and we were (their) seed after them. Wilt Thou destroy us on account of that which those who follow falsehood did?” (7:173) 00:02:41.860 --> 00:02:46.979 "And we were descendants after them." 00:02:47.460 --> 00:02:51.939 “Or lest ye should say: (It is) only (that) our fathers ascribed partners to Allah of old and we were (their) seed after them. Wilt Thou destroy us on account of that which those who follow falsehood did?” (7:173) 00:02:53.500 --> 00:02:57.939 “Or lest ye should say: (It is) only (that) our fathers ascribed partners to Allah of old and we were (their) seed after them. Wilt Thou destroy us on account of that which those who follow falsehood did?” (7:173) 00:02:58.259 --> 00:03:00.900 "And we were descendants after them." 00:03:01.340 --> 00:03:03.340 "Shall we follow those who followed falsehood?" 00:03:03.780 --> 00:03:07.539 "Will You destroy us for the polytheism of those who associated partners with You from among our fathers?" 00:03:07.939 --> 00:03:11.939 Those who falsely claimed there was a god other than Allah. 00:03:13.419 --> 00:03:20.379 “Thus we detail the revelations, that haply they may return.” (7:174) 00:03:21.849 --> 00:03:26.090 And just as We have detailed, O Muhammad, for your people the verses of this Surah. 00:03:26.569 --> 00:03:30.050 And explained within it what We did to the nations of the past. 00:03:30.729 --> 00:03:35.050 So do We detail other verses and clarify them for your people. 00:03:35.650 --> 00:03:38.330 So that they may be deterred and return to My obedience. 00:03:38.729 --> 00:03:40.729 And repent from their polytheism. 00:03:42.139 --> 00:03:50.180 “Recite unto them the tale of him to whom We gave Our revelations, but he sloughed them off, so Satan overtook him and he became of those who lead astray.” (7:175) 00:03:50.580 --> 00:03:58.180 “Recite unto them the tale of him to whom We gave Our revelations, but he sloughed them off, so Satan overtook him and he became of those who lead astray.” (7:175) 00:03:59.939 --> 00:04:01.939 And recite, O Muhammad, to your people. 00:04:02.539 --> 00:04:06.020 The story of the one to whom We gave Our signs and proofs. 00:04:06.620 --> 00:04:10.699 But he turned away from the signs that Allah had granted him. 00:04:11.259 --> 00:04:12.620 And he disassociated himself from them. 00:04:13.419 --> 00:04:14.900 So Satan followed him. 00:04:15.379 --> 00:04:17.579 And made him a follower of his own desires. 00:04:18.220 --> 00:04:21.019 Submitting to his command in disobedience to Allah. 00:04:21.540 --> 00:04:23.540 Thus, he became one of the lost. 00:04:24.980 --> 00:04:32.300 “And had We willed We could have raised him by their means, but he clung to the earth and followed his own lust. Therefor his likeness is as the likeness of a dog: if thou attackest him he panteth with his tongue out, and if thou leavest him he panteth with his tongue out. Such is the likeness of the people who deny Our revelations. Narrate unto them the history (of the men of old), that haply they may take thought.” (7:176) 00:04:32.620 --> 00:04:39.100 “And had We willed We could have raised him by their means, but he clung to the earth and followed his own lust. Therefor his likeness is as the likeness of a dog: if thou attackest him he panteth with his tongue out, and if thou leavest him he panteth with his tongue out. Such is the likeness of the people who deny Our revelations. Narrate unto them the history (of the men of old), that haply they may take thought.” (7:176) 00:04:39.500 --> 00:04:46.779 “And had We willed We could have raised him by their means, but he clung to the earth and followed his own lust. Therefor his likeness is as the likeness of a dog: if thou attackest him he panteth with his tongue out, and if thou leavest him he panteth with his tongue out. Such is the likeness of the people who deny Our revelations. Narrate unto them the history (of the men of old), that haply they may take thought.” (7:176) 00:04:47.259 --> 00:04:52.939 “And had We willed We could have raised him by their means, but he clung to the earth and followed his own lust. Therefor his likeness is as the likeness of a dog: if thou attackest him he panteth with his tongue out, and if thou leavest him he panteth with his tongue out. Such is the likeness of the people who deny Our revelations. Narrate unto them the history (of the men of old), that haply they may take thought.” (7:176) 00:04:53.339 --> 00:04:58.699 So relate the stories, that they might reflect. 00:05:00.189 --> 00:05:06.509 And had We willed, We could have elevated him by means of the signs We gave him. 00:05:07.230 --> 00:05:12.029 But he clung to the worldly life on earth and inclined toward it. 00:05:12.589 --> 00:05:15.949 And he preferred its pleasures and desires over the Hereafter. 00:05:16.350 --> 00:05:19.230 He rejected the obedience of Allah and followed his own whims. 00:05:19.870 --> 00:05:24.110 The example of the one to whom We gave Our signs, yet he stripped himself of them. 00:05:24.589 --> 00:05:28.750 Is like the dog that pants whether you chase it or leave it alone. 00:05:29.310 --> 00:05:33.550 His likeness is in his constant panting, due to his abandonment of acting upon the Book of Allah. 00:05:34.029 --> 00:05:36.189 And his turning away from the admonitions of Allah. 00:05:36.670 --> 00:05:42.189 It is the same whether he is warned with the signs of Allah or not. 00:05:42.670 --> 00:05:44.670 He will not abandon his disbelief. 00:05:45.230 --> 00:05:51.709 His likeness is that of a dog, whose state remains the same whether it is chased or not. 00:05:52.579 --> 00:05:58.339 This is the parable I have struck for the one to whom We gave Our signs, yet he stripped himself of them. 00:05:58.899 --> 00:06:02.899 It is the likeness of the people who denied Our proofs and signs. 00:06:03.620 --> 00:06:06.660 And followed in the path of this one who stripped himself of the truth. 00:06:07.660 --> 00:06:11.500 So relate, O Muhammad, this story that I have narrated to you. 00:06:12.139 --> 00:06:17.180 Concerning the one to whom We gave Our signs and the news of the nations I have told you about. 00:06:17.740 --> 00:06:22.699 So that they may reflect upon it, take heed, and return to Our obedience. 00:06:24.319 --> 00:06:34.160 “Evil as an example are the folk who denied Our revelations, and were wont to wrong themselves.” (7:177) 00:06:35.699 --> 00:06:41.620 How evil is the example of the people who denied the proofs and signs of Allah and rejected them. 00:06:42.339 --> 00:06:47.379 And they were only wronging their own souls and depriving them of their benefits. 00:06:47.939 --> 00:06:50.420 By their denial of them, and nothing else. 00:06:52.209 --> 00:07:03.250 Whoever Allah guides is the truly guided, and whoever He leaves to stray, they are the losers. 00:07:04.689 --> 00:07:10.050 Whoever Allah grants success to obey Him is the one guided upon the path of truth. 00:07:10.850 --> 00:07:15.250 And whoever He leaves to stray, not granting him success to obey Him, is the one who is lost. 00:07:17.089 --> 00:07:25.089 “Already have We urged unto hell many of the jinn and humankind, having hearts wherewith they understand not, and having eyes wherewith they see not, and having ears wherewith they hear not. These are as the cattle - nay, but they are worse! These are the neglectful.” (7:179) 00:07:25.569 --> 00:07:32.850 “Already have We urged unto hell many of the jinn and humankind, having hearts wherewith they understand not, and having eyes wherewith they see not, and having ears wherewith they hear not. These are as the cattle - nay, but they are worse! These are the neglectful.” (7:179) 00:07:33.329 --> 00:07:41.089 “Already have We urged unto hell many of the jinn and humankind, having hearts wherewith they understand not, and having eyes wherewith they see not, and having ears wherewith they hear not. These are as the cattle - nay, but they are worse! These are the neglectful.” (7:179) 00:07:41.810 --> 00:07:52.000 “Already have We urged unto hell many of the jinn and humankind, having hearts wherewith they understand not, and having eyes wherewith they see not, and having ears wherewith they hear not. These are as the cattle - nay, but they are worse! These are the neglectful.” (7:179) 00:07:53.579 --> 00:07:57.420 And We have created for Hell many of the jinn and mankind. 00:07:58.300 --> 00:08:02.779 They have hearts with which they do not reflect upon the signs of Allah. 00:08:03.420 --> 00:08:07.339 And they do not contemplate His proofs of His Oneness. 00:08:08.129 --> 00:08:13.089 And they have eyes with which they do not look at the signs and proofs of Allah. 00:08:13.569 --> 00:08:17.410 So as to know through them the truth of what the messengers call them to. 00:08:18.160 --> 00:08:22.480 And they have ears with which they do not hear the verses of the Book of Allah. 00:08:22.959 --> 00:08:25.680 So as to take heed and reflect upon them. 00:08:26.689 --> 00:08:30.850 They are like cattle that do not understand what is said to them. 00:08:31.329 --> 00:08:34.129 Nor do they discern with their hearts between good and evil. 00:08:35.039 --> 00:08:39.519 Rather, these disbelievers are further astray from the truth than cattle. 00:08:40.080 --> 00:08:43.279 Because cattle have no choice or discernment. 00:08:43.759 --> 00:08:46.159 Yet, they still flee from harm. 00:08:46.720 --> 00:08:49.759 And seek for themselves the most suitable sustenance. 00:08:50.590 --> 00:08:54.830 These are the people who were heedless of My signs and proofs. 00:08:55.389 --> 00:08:59.870 And abandoned the guidance to which they pointed regarding the Oneness of Allah. 00:09:01.950 --> 00:09:07.549 “Allah's are the fairest names. Invoke Him by them. And leave the company of those who blaspheme His names. They will be requited what they do.” (7:180) 00:09:08.190 --> 00:09:13.389 “Allah's are the fairest names. Invoke Him by them. And leave the company of those who blaspheme His names. They will be requited what they do.” (7:180) 00:09:14.029 --> 00:09:18.190 “Allah's are the fairest names. Invoke Him by them. And leave the company of those who blaspheme His names. They will be requited what they do.” (7:180) 00:09:19.940 --> 00:09:23.139 “Allah's are the fairest names. Invoke Him by them. And leave the company of those who blaspheme His names. They will be requited what they do.” (7:180) 00:09:23.940 --> 00:09:26.500 “Allah's are the fairest names. Invoke Him by them. And leave the company of those who blaspheme His names. They will be requited what they do.” (7:180) 00:09:27.220 --> 00:09:29.299 So they deviated from the truth they were upon. 00:09:29.779 --> 00:09:34.259 And they named their idols after them, adding to and subtracting from them. 00:09:34.820 --> 00:09:38.500 They named some of them al-Lat, derived from the name of Allah. 00:09:39.139 --> 00:09:43.700 And they named some of them al-'Uzza, derived from the name of Allah, the Almighty (al-'Aziz). 00:09:44.419 --> 00:09:48.980 They will soon be recompensed for the deeds they used to do. 00:09:49.379 --> 00:09:52.580 Of disbelief in Allah and deviation regarding His names. 00:09:52.980 --> 00:09:54.500 And denial of His Messenger. 00:10:00.690 --> 00:10:06.429 And among the creation We have created is a group that is guided by the truth. 00:10:06.909 --> 00:10:10.110 And by the truth, they judge and deal justly with people. 00:10:10.909 --> 00:10:19.820 “And those who deny Our revelations - step by step We lead them on from whence they know not.” (7:182) 00:10:20.539 --> 00:10:23.899 And those who denied Our proofs and signs. 00:10:24.960 --> 00:10:26.879 We will lead them on by degrees, while they are unaware. 00:10:27.360 --> 00:10:29.840 And We will beautify their deeds for them. 00:10:30.080 --> 00:10:35.360 Until he thinks that in his state of denying the signs of Allah. 00:10:35.759 --> 00:10:37.679 He is doing good. 00:10:38.159 --> 00:10:42.029 Until he reaches the term that has been decreed for him of respite. 00:10:42.509 --> 00:10:45.070 Then He will seize him for his evil deeds. 00:10:45.549 --> 00:10:48.029 And punish him for them. 00:10:48.509 --> 00:10:50.909 That is the gradual leading of Allah for him. 00:11:01.470 --> 00:11:06.299 And I grant respite to those who denied Our signs. 00:11:06.700 --> 00:11:09.179 So that they may reach, through their disobedience to their Lord. 00:11:09.659 --> 00:11:13.580 The measure of punishment and torment that has been decreed for them. 00:11:13.980 --> 00:11:16.059 Then He will take them to Himself. 00:11:16.460 --> 00:11:18.940 Indeed, My plan is firm and severe. 00:11:32.750 --> 00:11:38.289 Have these people who denied Our signs not reflected? 00:11:38.769 --> 00:11:42.929 And known that our Messenger is neither possessed nor insane? 00:11:43.409 --> 00:11:48.289 He is only a warner, warning you of the punishment of Allah for your disbelief in Him. 00:11:48.690 --> 00:11:51.169 If you do not return to faith in Him. 00:12:03.519 --> 00:12:08.720 And perhaps their term has drawn near. 00:12:09.039 --> 00:12:15.120 Then in what statement after this will they believe? 00:12:34.659 --> 00:12:39.539 And let them beware that their terms may have drawn near. 00:12:39.860 --> 00:12:42.019 So that they perish in their disbelief. 00:12:42.580 --> 00:12:49.860 So after the warning and admonition of Muhammad, peace be upon him, what will they believe in? 00:12:51.070 --> 00:12:55.549 “Those whom Allah sendeth astray, there is no guide for them. He leaveth them to wander blindly on in their contumacy.” (7:186) 00:12:55.870 --> 00:13:01.629 “Those whom Allah sendeth astray, there is no guide for them. He leaveth them to wander blindly on in their contumacy.” (7:186) 00:13:02.960 --> 00:13:06.559 Whoever Allah leaves to stray from guidance, there is no guide for him. 00:13:07.179 --> 00:13:11.019 But Allah leaves them in their persistence in their disbelief. 00:13:11.340 --> 00:13:14.460 And they wander blindly in their rebellion and polytheism. 00:13:14.940 --> 00:13:20.940 To deserve the end that Allah has decreed for them of His punishment and painful retribution. 00:13:22.419 --> 00:13:27.379 They ask you about the Hour, when will be its arrival? 00:13:27.779 --> 00:13:32.179 “They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port. Say: Knowledge thereof is with my Lord only. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It cometh not to you save unawares. They question thee as if thou couldst be well informed thereof. Say: Knowledge thereof is with Allah only, but most of mankind know not.” (7:187) 00:13:32.580 --> 00:13:37.139 “They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port. Say: Knowledge thereof is with my Lord only. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It cometh not to you save unawares. They question thee as if thou couldst be well informed thereof. Say: Knowledge thereof is with Allah only, but most of mankind know not.” (7:187) 00:13:37.539 --> 00:13:40.899 And I said, "It is in the heavens and the earth." 00:13:41.379 --> 00:13:44.500 “They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port. Say: Knowledge thereof is with my Lord only. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It cometh not to you save unawares. They question thee as if thou couldst be well informed thereof. Say: Knowledge thereof is with Allah only, but most of mankind know not.” (7:187) 00:13:44.980 --> 00:13:50.100 “They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port. Say: Knowledge thereof is with my Lord only. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It cometh not to you save unawares. They question thee as if thou couldst be well informed thereof. Say: Knowledge thereof is with Allah only, but most of mankind know not.” (7:187) 00:13:50.500 --> 00:13:55.059 Say, "Its knowledge is only with Allah." 00:13:55.379 --> 00:14:00.820 But most people do not know. 00:14:02.350 --> 00:14:05.389 They ask you about the Hour, when will it be established? 00:14:06.029 --> 00:14:09.870 Say, O Muhammad, "Its knowledge is only with my Lord." 00:14:10.350 --> 00:14:13.230 No one knows the time of its establishment except Allah. 00:14:13.789 --> 00:14:16.669 And no one will reveal its time except Him. 00:14:17.379 --> 00:14:22.340 The Hour is hidden from the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth, so they cannot know its time. 00:14:22.899 --> 00:14:25.700 The Hour will not come except suddenly. 00:14:26.259 --> 00:14:29.059 These people ask you about the Hour. 00:14:29.539 --> 00:14:33.299 As if you were well-informed about it, so you could tell them. 00:14:33.970 --> 00:14:37.250 Say, O Muhammad, "I have no knowledge of that." 00:14:37.649 --> 00:14:39.889 And no one knows it except Allah. 00:14:40.370 --> 00:14:45.570 But most people do not know that no one knows this except Allah. 00:14:46.049 --> 00:14:50.210 Rather, they think that knowledge of it exists with some of His creation. 00:14:51.679 --> 00:14:59.919 “Say: For myself I have no power to benefit, nor power to hurt, save that which Allah willeth. Had I knowledge of the Unseen, I should have abundance of wealth, and adversity would not touch me. I am but a warner, and a bearer of good tidings unto folk who believe.” (7:188) 00:15:00.320 --> 00:15:08.720 “Say: For myself I have no power to benefit, nor power to hurt, save that which Allah willeth. Had I knowledge of the Unseen, I should have abundance of wealth, and adversity would not touch me. I am but a warner, and a bearer of good tidings unto folk who believe.” (7:188) 00:15:09.200 --> 00:15:16.799 “Say: For myself I have no power to benefit, nor power to hurt, save that which Allah willeth. Had I knowledge of the Unseen, I should have abundance of wealth, and adversity would not touch me. I am but a warner, and a bearer of good tidings unto folk who believe.” (7:188) 00:15:18.580 --> 00:15:21.460 Say, O Muhammad, to those who ask you about the Hour: 00:15:22.019 --> 00:15:25.139 "I have no power to bring benefit to myself." 00:15:25.539 --> 00:15:27.860 "Nor to avert any harm that may befall me." 00:15:28.419 --> 00:15:31.779 "Except what Allah wills that I possess of that." 00:15:32.259 --> 00:15:34.980 By strengthening me and helping me with it. 00:15:35.620 --> 00:15:38.019 And if I knew what was to come: 00:15:38.259 --> 00:15:40.580 I would have increased my good deeds. 00:15:41.220 --> 00:15:46.019 And it would be said, "I would have prepared for the year of drought by using the year of plenty." 00:15:46.500 --> 00:15:48.899 And I would have known the times of high prices from low prices. 00:15:49.220 --> 00:15:50.820 And no harm would have touched me. 00:15:51.549 --> 00:15:55.549 I am only a messenger of Allah, who sent me to you. 00:15:56.029 --> 00:16:02.990 To warn of His punishment and give glad tidings of His reward to a people who believe that I am a messenger of Allah.