WEBVTT

00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.469
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

00:00:05.469 --> 00:00:07.469
A summary of the book:

00:00:07.469 --> 00:00:09.470
Ramadan:

00:00:09.470 --> 00:00:11.470
Events and Lessons.

00:00:11.470 --> 00:00:15.070
Gathering the people under

00:00:15.070 --> 00:00:17.070
Ubayy ibn Ka‘b, may Allah be pleased with him,

00:00:17.070 --> 00:00:19.070
for the prayer of

00:00:19.070 --> 00:00:22.350
Tarawih.

00:00:22.350 --> 00:00:24.350
The time is the month of Ramadan,

00:00:24.350 --> 00:00:26.350
in the fourth year

00:00:26.350 --> 00:00:30.820
of the Hijrah.

00:00:30.820 --> 00:00:32.820
Ramadan is a month of abundant

00:00:32.820 --> 00:00:34.820
goodness and overflowing

00:00:34.820 --> 00:00:36.820
blessings.

00:00:36.820 --> 00:00:38.820
Within its course, the competitors

00:00:38.820 --> 00:00:40.820
race,

00:00:40.820 --> 00:00:42.820
and the rivals vie,

00:00:42.820 --> 00:00:44.820
not for the debris

00:00:44.820 --> 00:00:46.820
of this world and its fleeting pleasures,

00:00:46.820 --> 00:00:48.820
but for the deeds

00:00:48.820 --> 00:00:50.820
of the Hereafter and the means

00:00:50.820 --> 00:00:52.850
of salvation therein.

00:00:52.850 --> 00:00:54.850
For in Ramadan,

00:00:54.850 --> 00:00:56.850
tables of diverse acts of worship

00:00:56.850 --> 00:00:58.850
are spread for those who fast,

00:00:58.850 --> 00:01:00.850
and various righteous deeds

00:01:00.850 --> 00:01:02.850
are presented to them,

00:01:02.850 --> 00:01:04.849
displayed in the most beautiful manner,

00:01:04.849 --> 00:01:06.849
so that they may turn

00:01:06.849 --> 00:01:08.849
toward them and strive to perform them.

00:01:08.849 --> 00:01:10.879
Among those

00:01:10.879 --> 00:01:12.879
great acts of worship

00:01:12.879 --> 00:01:15.010
is the Tarawih prayer.

00:01:15.010 --> 00:01:17.010
"Tarawih"

00:01:17.010 --> 00:01:19.010
is the plural of "tarwiha,"

00:01:19.010 --> 00:01:21.010
which is originally

00:01:21.010 --> 00:01:23.010
a term for a sitting in general.

00:01:23.010 --> 00:01:25.010
It was then used to name the sitting

00:01:25.010 --> 00:01:27.010
that occurs after every four rak‘ahs

00:01:27.010 --> 00:01:29.010
during the nights of Ramadan,

00:01:29.010 --> 00:01:31.010
for the people to rest therein.

00:01:31.010 --> 00:01:33.010
Then, every four rak‘ahs

00:01:33.010 --> 00:01:35.010
were metaphorically called a "tarwiha."

00:01:35.010 --> 00:01:37.010
Eventually, the

00:01:37.010 --> 00:01:39.010
name was applied to this entire prayer,

00:01:39.010 --> 00:01:41.010
so it is said:

00:01:41.010 --> 00:01:43.010
"Tarawih prayer."

00:01:43.010 --> 00:01:46.129
The Tarawih prayer

00:01:46.129 --> 00:01:48.129
in the era of the Messenger of Allah,

00:01:48.129 --> 00:01:50.129
peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

00:01:50.129 --> 00:01:52.510
The Tarawih prayer

00:01:52.510 --> 00:01:54.510
is a recommended act of worship.

00:01:54.510 --> 00:01:56.510
The Messenger of Allah,

00:01:56.510 --> 00:01:58.510
peace be upon him,

00:01:58.510 --> 00:02:00.510
performed it and encouraged the people to do so.

00:02:00.510 --> 00:02:02.510
People gathered on some nights,

00:02:02.510 --> 00:02:04.510
and he led them

00:02:04.510 --> 00:02:06.510
as an Imam.

00:02:06.510 --> 00:02:08.509
But when the mosque became crowded with its people,

00:02:08.509 --> 00:02:10.509
the Kind,

00:02:10.509 --> 00:02:12.509
the Merciful feared that it might be made obligatory upon his Ummah.

00:02:12.509 --> 00:02:14.509
Out of his perfect compassion,

00:02:14.509 --> 00:02:16.509
peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

00:02:16.509 --> 00:02:18.509
he did not continue

00:02:18.509 --> 00:02:20.509
praying it in congregation

00:02:20.509 --> 00:02:22.639
for that reason.

00:02:22.639 --> 00:02:24.639
This is evidenced by numerous

00:02:24.639 --> 00:02:26.639
hadiths,

00:02:26.639 --> 00:02:28.639
including the hadith of ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her,

00:02:28.639 --> 00:02:30.639
that the Messenger of Allah,

00:02:30.639 --> 00:02:32.639
peace be upon him,

00:02:32.639 --> 00:02:34.639
went out in the middle of the night one

00:02:34.639 --> 00:02:36.639
night and prayed

00:02:36.639 --> 00:02:38.639
in the mosque,

00:02:38.639 --> 00:02:40.639
and some men prayed with him.

00:02:40.639 --> 00:02:42.639
The next morning, the people spoke

00:02:42.639 --> 00:02:44.639
about that,

00:02:44.639 --> 00:02:46.639
so a larger number gathered.

00:02:46.639 --> 00:02:48.639
The Messenger of Allah,

00:02:48.639 --> 00:02:50.639
peace be upon him,

00:02:50.639 --> 00:02:52.639
went out on the second night,

00:02:52.639 --> 00:02:54.639
and they prayed with him.

00:02:54.639 --> 00:02:56.639
The next morning, the people mentioned that,

00:02:56.639 --> 00:02:58.639
and the number of people in the mosque increased

00:02:58.639 --> 00:03:00.639
on the third night,

00:03:00.639 --> 00:03:02.639
so he went out and they prayed

00:03:02.639 --> 00:03:04.699
with him.

00:03:04.699 --> 00:03:06.699
When the fourth night came,

00:03:06.699 --> 00:03:08.699
the mosque could not contain

00:03:08.699 --> 00:03:10.699
its people,

00:03:10.699 --> 00:03:12.699
so the Messenger of Allah,

00:03:12.699 --> 00:03:14.699
peace be upon him, did not go out to them.

00:03:14.699 --> 00:03:16.699
Some men among them began

00:03:16.699 --> 00:03:18.699
to call out, "The prayer!"

00:03:18.699 --> 00:03:20.699
But the Messenger of Allah,

00:03:20.699 --> 00:03:22.699
peace be upon him, did not go out to them

00:03:22.699 --> 00:03:24.699
until

00:03:24.699 --> 00:03:26.699
he went out for the dawn prayer.

00:03:26.699 --> 00:03:28.699
When he finished the dawn prayer,

00:03:28.699 --> 00:03:30.699
he turned to the people,

00:03:30.699 --> 00:03:32.699
then testified and said:

00:03:32.699 --> 00:03:34.699
"To proceed:

00:03:34.699 --> 00:03:36.699
Your presence last night did not escape me,

00:03:36.699 --> 00:03:38.699
but I feared that the night prayer

00:03:38.699 --> 00:03:40.699
would be made obligatory

00:03:40.699 --> 00:03:42.699
upon you,

00:03:42.699 --> 00:03:44.699
and you would be unable to perform it."

00:03:44.699 --> 00:03:46.699
In one narration,

00:03:46.699 --> 00:03:48.699
this was in Ramadan.

00:03:48.699 --> 00:03:51.340
The Tarawih prayer

00:03:51.340 --> 00:03:53.340
in the era of the Rightly Guided

00:03:53.340 --> 00:03:55.729
Caliphs.

00:03:55.729 --> 00:03:57.729
First, in the era of Abu

00:03:57.729 --> 00:03:59.729
Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him.

00:03:59.729 --> 00:04:01.889
The caliphate of

00:04:01.889 --> 00:04:03.889
al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, came,

00:04:03.889 --> 00:04:05.889
and the matter of the Tarawih prayer

00:04:05.889 --> 00:04:07.889
remained as it had been

00:04:07.889 --> 00:04:09.889
during the life of the Messenger of Allah,

00:04:09.889 --> 00:04:11.889
peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

00:04:11.889 --> 00:04:13.889
And since

00:04:13.889 --> 00:04:15.889
the duration of his caliphate was short,

00:04:15.889 --> 00:04:17.889
no change

00:04:17.889 --> 00:04:19.889
occurred therein.

00:04:19.889 --> 00:04:22.050
Second:

00:04:22.050 --> 00:04:24.050
The era of ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him.

00:04:24.050 --> 00:04:26.300
The matter remained in that state

00:04:26.300 --> 00:04:28.300
for a portion of the caliphate of

00:04:28.300 --> 00:04:30.300
‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him.

00:04:30.300 --> 00:04:32.300
Then, a consensus was reached

00:04:32.300 --> 00:04:34.300
to gather the people under one Imam.

00:04:34.300 --> 00:04:36.459
It is narrated from ‘Abd

00:04:36.459 --> 00:04:38.459
al-Rahman ibn ‘Abd al-Qari

00:04:38.459 --> 00:04:40.459
that ‘Umar

00:04:40.459 --> 00:04:42.459
ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him,

00:04:42.459 --> 00:04:44.459
went out one night in Ramadan,

00:04:44.459 --> 00:04:46.459
and ‘Abd al-Rahman

00:04:46.459 --> 00:04:48.459
went out with him.

00:04:48.459 --> 00:04:50.459
He walked through the mosque,

00:04:50.459 --> 00:04:52.459
and in the mosque were scattered groups;

00:04:52.459 --> 00:04:54.459
a man would pray

00:04:54.459 --> 00:04:56.459
by himself,

00:04:56.459 --> 00:04:58.459
and a man would pray,

00:04:58.459 --> 00:05:00.459
and others would pray following his prayer.

00:05:00.459 --> 00:05:02.459
‘Umar said,

00:05:02.459 --> 00:05:04.459
"By Allah, I think

00:05:04.459 --> 00:05:06.459
that if we gathered them under one reciter,

00:05:06.459 --> 00:05:08.459
it would be better."

00:05:08.459 --> 00:05:10.459
Then he resolved

00:05:10.459 --> 00:05:12.459
to gather them under one reciter,

00:05:12.459 --> 00:05:14.459
and he ordered

00:05:14.459 --> 00:05:16.459
Ubayy ibn Ka‘b

00:05:16.459 --> 00:05:18.459
to lead them in Ramadan.

00:05:18.459 --> 00:05:20.459
‘Umar went out while the people were praying

00:05:20.459 --> 00:05:22.459
behind their reciter,

00:05:22.459 --> 00:05:24.459
and with him was ‘Abd al-Rahman

00:05:24.459 --> 00:05:26.459
ibn ‘Abd al-Qari,

00:05:26.459 --> 00:05:28.459
and ‘Umar said:

00:05:28.459 --> 00:05:30.459
"What an excellent innovation this is!

00:05:30.459 --> 00:05:32.459
But the one they sleep through

00:05:32.459 --> 00:05:34.459
is better than the one they are performing now,"

00:05:34.459 --> 00:05:36.459
meaning

00:05:36.459 --> 00:05:38.459
the end of the night,

00:05:38.459 --> 00:05:40.459
whereas the people were performing it at the beginning.

00:05:40.459 --> 00:05:43.939
The answer regarding

00:05:43.939 --> 00:05:45.939
the statement of ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him:

00:05:45.939 --> 00:05:47.939
"What an excellent innovation this is!"

00:05:47.939 --> 00:05:50.129
It may occur

00:05:50.129 --> 00:05:52.129
to the minds of some people

00:05:52.129 --> 00:05:54.129
that what ‘Umar meant

00:05:54.129 --> 00:05:56.129
by his saying "this innovation"

00:05:56.129 --> 00:05:58.129
is the religious innovation, which is that

00:05:58.129 --> 00:06:00.129
which has no

00:06:00.129 --> 00:06:02.129
previous precedent, but the matter

00:06:02.129 --> 00:06:04.129
is not so,

00:06:04.129 --> 00:06:06.129
due to the aforementioned

00:06:06.129 --> 00:06:08.129
hadiths indicating the legitimacy of

00:06:08.129 --> 00:06:10.129
the Tarawih prayer in congregation

00:06:10.129 --> 00:06:12.129
in the mosques.

00:06:12.129 --> 00:06:14.129
So what is the meaning of "innovation"

00:06:14.129 --> 00:06:16.290
in this statement of ‘Umar?

00:06:16.290 --> 00:06:18.290
Al-Bayhaqi said,

00:06:18.290 --> 00:06:20.290
after mentioning the hadith of ‘Abd al-Rahman

00:06:20.290 --> 00:06:22.290
ibn ‘Abd al-Qari:

00:06:22.290 --> 00:06:24.290
"I say: We have explained that

00:06:24.290 --> 00:06:26.290
the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

00:06:26.290 --> 00:06:28.290
only

00:06:28.290 --> 00:06:30.290
refrained from leading them in prayer

00:06:30.290 --> 00:06:32.290
on the fourth night

00:06:32.290 --> 00:06:34.290
for fear that it would be made obligatory upon them.

00:06:34.290 --> 00:06:36.319
When Allah,

00:06:36.319 --> 00:06:38.319
the Almighty, took him to His mercy,

00:06:38.319 --> 00:06:40.319
the obligations were finalized,

00:06:40.319 --> 00:06:42.319
so ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, did not fear

00:06:42.319 --> 00:06:44.319
that,

00:06:44.319 --> 00:06:46.319
whereas the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

00:06:46.319 --> 00:06:48.319
did fear it.

00:06:48.319 --> 00:06:50.319
He saw that gathering them

00:06:50.319 --> 00:06:52.319
upon a single reciter.

00:06:52.319 --> 00:06:54.319
He deemed this best, so he gathered them,

00:06:54.319 --> 00:06:56.319
and there was nothing in what he did

00:06:56.319 --> 00:06:58.319
that contradicted what had passed from the Book,

00:06:58.319 --> 00:07:00.319
or the Sunnah, or consensus.

00:07:00.319 --> 00:07:02.319
Thus, it was not

00:07:02.319 --> 00:07:04.319
a blameworthy innovation,

00:07:04.319 --> 00:07:06.319
but rather a beneficial development

00:07:06.319 --> 00:07:08.319
that has a basis in the Sunnah,

00:07:08.319 --> 00:07:10.319
which is what we mentioned

00:07:10.319 --> 00:07:12.319
regarding the prayer of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

00:07:12.319 --> 00:07:14.319
in the report of ‘A’ishah,

00:07:14.319 --> 00:07:16.319
for three nights.

00:07:16.319 --> 00:07:18.319
And in the report of Abu Dharr,

00:07:18.319 --> 00:07:20.319
there is an added encouragement for it,

00:07:20.319 --> 00:07:22.319
and a mention of the virtue it contains,

00:07:22.319 --> 00:07:24.449
and the increased reward.

00:07:24.449 --> 00:07:26.449
Third:

00:07:26.449 --> 00:07:28.449
In the era of ‘Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him,

00:07:28.449 --> 00:07:30.639
the situation continued

00:07:30.639 --> 00:07:32.639
during the era of the Possessor of the Two Lights,

00:07:32.639 --> 00:07:34.639
just as it had been in the era of ‘Umar,

00:07:34.639 --> 00:07:36.639
may Allah be pleased with them both.

00:07:36.639 --> 00:07:38.639
The one who would lead the people in prayer was

00:07:38.639 --> 00:07:40.639
‘Ali ibn Abi Talib,

00:07:40.639 --> 00:07:42.800
may Allah be pleased with him.

00:07:42.800 --> 00:07:44.800
For it is narrated from al-Hasan that he said:

00:07:44.800 --> 00:07:46.800
‘Ali ibn Abi Talib led us in prayer,

00:07:46.800 --> 00:07:48.800
may Allah be pleased with him,

00:07:48.800 --> 00:07:50.800
during the time of ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan,

00:07:50.800 --> 00:07:52.800
may Allah be pleased with him, for twenty

00:07:52.800 --> 00:07:54.800
nights, then he stopped.

00:07:54.800 --> 00:07:56.800
Some said,

00:07:56.800 --> 00:07:58.800
“He has become occupied with his own affairs.”

00:07:58.800 --> 00:08:00.899
Then Abu

00:08:00.899 --> 00:08:02.899
Halimah Mu‘adh led them,

00:08:02.899 --> 00:08:04.899
the reciter, and he would perform the qunut.

00:08:04.899 --> 00:08:07.060
Fourth:

00:08:07.060 --> 00:08:09.060
In the era of ‘Ali, may Allah

00:08:09.060 --> 00:08:11.279
be pleased with him,

00:08:11.279 --> 00:08:13.279
the matter did not change during the era of

00:08:13.279 --> 00:08:15.279
the Commander of the Faithful, ‘Ali, may Allah

00:08:15.279 --> 00:08:17.279
be pleased with him.

00:08:17.279 --> 00:08:19.279
For it is narrated from Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami,

00:08:19.279 --> 00:08:21.279
from ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him,

00:08:21.279 --> 00:08:23.279
who said: He summoned

00:08:23.279 --> 00:08:25.279
the reciters during Ramadan,

00:08:25.279 --> 00:08:27.279
and commanded one of them

00:08:27.279 --> 00:08:29.279
to lead the people in twenty

00:08:29.279 --> 00:08:31.279
rak‘ahs. He said:

00:08:31.279 --> 00:08:33.279
‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him,

00:08:33.279 --> 00:08:35.340
would perform the witr with them.

00:08:35.340 --> 00:08:37.340
Al-Bayhaqi said:

00:08:37.340 --> 00:08:39.340
This was narrated from another source

00:08:39.340 --> 00:08:41.340
from ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him.

00:08:41.340 --> 00:08:43.820
The position

00:08:43.820 --> 00:08:45.820
regarding the Tarawih prayer

00:08:45.820 --> 00:08:47.820
is the school of the Imam Zayd ibn ‘Ali,

00:08:47.820 --> 00:08:49.820
and this was transmitted from his grandfather,

00:08:49.820 --> 00:08:51.820
the Commander of the Faithful, ‘Ali,

00:08:51.820 --> 00:08:53.820
may Allah be pleased with him.

00:08:53.820 --> 00:08:55.820
For in his Musnad, in the chapter on

00:08:55.820 --> 00:08:57.820
standing in prayer during the month of Ramadan,

00:08:57.820 --> 00:08:59.820
the narrator from him said:

00:08:59.820 --> 00:09:01.820
Zayd ibn ‘Ali narrated to me,

00:09:01.820 --> 00:09:03.820
from his father,

00:09:03.820 --> 00:09:05.820
from his grandfather, from ‘Ali,

00:09:06.820 --> 00:09:08.820
that he commanded the one who leads

00:09:08.820 --> 00:09:10.820
the people in the night prayer

00:09:10.820 --> 00:09:12.820
during the month of Ramadan

00:09:12.820 --> 00:09:14.820
to pray with them twenty

00:09:14.820 --> 00:09:16.820
rak‘ahs, saying the taslim

00:09:16.820 --> 00:09:18.820
after every two rak‘ahs,

00:09:18.820 --> 00:09:20.820
and to take a rest between every

00:09:20.820 --> 00:09:22.820
four rak‘ahs,

00:09:22.820 --> 00:09:24.820
so that those with needs may return,

00:09:24.820 --> 00:09:26.820
and a man may perform wudu’.

00:09:26.820 --> 00:09:28.820
And that he should perform the witr with them at the end

00:09:28.820 --> 00:09:30.820
of the night upon finishing.

00:09:30.820 --> 00:09:33.620
The history of the event:

00:09:33.620 --> 00:09:36.200
Ibn Jarir said,

00:09:36.200 --> 00:09:38.200
regarding ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him:

00:09:38.200 --> 00:09:40.200
He was the first to gather

00:09:40.200 --> 00:09:42.200
the people behind one imam

00:09:42.200 --> 00:09:44.200
to lead them in the Tarawih prayer

00:09:44.200 --> 00:09:46.200
in the month of Ramadan,

00:09:46.200 --> 00:09:48.200
and he wrote to the regions regarding this,

00:09:48.200 --> 00:09:50.299
and commanded them to do it.

00:09:50.299 --> 00:09:52.299
That was according to what al-Harith narrated to me,

00:09:52.299 --> 00:09:54.299
who said:

00:09:54.299 --> 00:09:56.299
Ibn Sa‘d narrated to us,

00:09:56.299 --> 00:09:58.299
from Muhammad ibn ‘Umar,

00:09:58.299 --> 00:10:00.299
in the year fourteen.

00:10:00.299 --> 00:10:02.299
He appointed for the people

00:10:02.299 --> 00:10:04.299
reciters:

00:10:04.299 --> 00:10:06.299
for the men,

00:10:06.299 --> 00:10:08.299
and a reciter to lead the women.

00:10:08.299 --> 00:10:10.519
Al-Mas‘udi said:

00:10:10.519 --> 00:10:12.519
In the year fourteen,

00:10:12.519 --> 00:10:14.519
‘Umar ibn al-Khattab ordered

00:10:14.519 --> 00:10:16.519
the standing in prayer during the month of Ramadan

00:10:16.519 --> 00:10:18.519
for the Tarawih prayer,

00:10:18.519 --> 00:10:20.519
and ‘Umar wrote

00:10:20.519 --> 00:10:22.519
to the provinces to establish

00:10:22.519 --> 00:10:25.580
the Tarawih prayer.

00:10:25.580 --> 00:10:27.580
In this event, there are lessons:

00:10:27.580 --> 00:10:29.580
First:

00:10:29.580 --> 00:10:31.580
A demonstration of the great kindness of

00:10:31.580 --> 00:10:33.580
our noble Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

00:10:33.580 --> 00:10:35.580
and the perfection of his compassion

00:10:35.580 --> 00:10:37.580
for us.

00:10:37.580 --> 00:10:39.580
This is something that increases us

00:10:39.580 --> 00:10:41.580
in love for him and in following

00:10:41.580 --> 00:10:44.059
what he brought.

00:10:44.059 --> 00:10:46.059
Second:

00:10:46.059 --> 00:10:48.059
Some recommended acts of worship may be left

00:10:48.059 --> 00:10:50.059
for a valid reason,

00:10:50.059 --> 00:10:52.059
and the practice of them is resumed

00:10:52.059 --> 00:10:54.440
when that reason ceases to exist.

00:10:54.440 --> 00:10:56.440
Third:

00:10:56.440 --> 00:10:58.440
The consensus of the Companions on following

00:10:58.440 --> 00:11:00.440
‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him,

00:11:00.440 --> 00:11:02.440
in gathering the people behind a single

00:11:02.440 --> 00:11:04.440
imam,

00:11:04.440 --> 00:11:06.440
and continuing to do so,

00:11:06.440 --> 00:11:08.440
indicates the correctness of what he did,

00:11:08.440 --> 00:11:10.440
given the existence of the legal

00:11:10.440 --> 00:11:12.440
basis,

00:11:12.440 --> 00:11:14.440
in that it occurred as a congregation

00:11:14.440 --> 00:11:16.440
in the mosque during the life of the Messenger of Allah,

00:11:16.440 --> 00:11:18.440
peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

00:11:18.440 --> 00:11:22.809
Ramadan:

00:11:22.809 --> 00:11:24.809
Events

00:11:24.809 --> 00:11:26.809
and Lessons.