WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 *Riyadh al-Salihin* from the Words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:16.070 Chapter on Patience. 00:00:16.070 --> 00:00:18.070 Allah the Exalted said: 00:00:18.070 --> 00:00:23.329 "O you who have believed, persevere, endure, and remain stationed." 00:00:23.329 --> 00:00:25.359 And He said: 00:00:25.359 --> 00:00:34.359 “And surely We shall try you with something of fear and hunger, and loss of wealth and lives and crops; but give glad tidings to the steadfast,” (2:155) 00:00:34.359 --> 00:00:36.359 "And give glad tidings to the patient." 00:00:36.359 --> 00:00:38.390 And the Exalted said: 00:00:38.390 --> 00:00:43.390 “Say: O My bondmen who believe! Observe your duty to your Lord. For those who do good in this world there is good, and Allah's earth is spacious. Verily the steadfast will be paid their wages without stint.” (39:10) 00:00:43.390 --> 00:00:45.390 And the Exalted said: 00:00:45.390 --> 00:00:51.390 “And verily whoso is patient and forgiveth - lo! that, verily, is (of) the steadfast heart of things.” (42:43) 00:00:51.390 --> 00:00:53.420 And the Exalted said: 00:00:53.420 --> 00:00:59.420 “O ye who believe! Seek help in steadfastness and prayer. Lo! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:153) 00:00:59.420 --> 00:01:01.460 And the Exalted said: 00:01:01.460 --> 00:01:08.620 “And verily We shall try you till We know those of you who strive hard (for the cause of Allah) and the steadfast, and till We test your record.” (47:31) 00:01:08.620 --> 00:01:14.620 The verses enjoining patience and expounding its virtue are numerous and well known. 00:01:14.620 --> 00:01:21.420 On the authority of Abu Malik al-Harith ibn 'Asim al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:01:21.420 --> 00:01:25.420 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:01:25.420 --> 00:01:28.420 "Purification is half of faith, 00:01:28.420 --> 00:01:31.420 and 'Praise be to Allah' (*al-hamdulillah*) fills the scale, 00:01:31.420 --> 00:01:34.420 and 'Glory be to Allah and praise be to Allah' (*subhan Allah wa al-hamdulillah*) 00:01:34.420 --> 00:01:38.420 fill—or fills—what is between the heavens and the earth. 00:01:38.420 --> 00:01:40.540 Prayer is light, 00:01:40.540 --> 00:01:42.540 charity is proof, 00:01:42.540 --> 00:01:44.540 patience is an illuminating radiance, 00:01:44.540 --> 00:01:48.540 and the Qur'an is an argument for you or against you. 00:01:48.540 --> 00:01:50.700 Every person goes out in the morning, 00:01:50.700 --> 00:01:55.700 selling his soul, either freeing it or destroying it." 00:01:55.700 --> 00:01:57.859 Related by Muslim. 00:01:57.859 --> 00:02:00.540 "Purification" (*al-tuhur*): 00:02:00.540 --> 00:02:03.659 What is meant is the act of ritual purification. 00:02:03.659 --> 00:02:06.790 "Half" (*shatr*), meaning one half. 00:02:06.790 --> 00:02:08.789 "Fills the scale": 00:02:08.789 --> 00:02:12.889 That is, it fills the scale on which deeds are weighed. 00:02:12.889 --> 00:02:14.889 "Prayer is light": 00:02:14.889 --> 00:02:18.889 Meaning a light that illuminates the path of truth for its performer in this worldly life, 00:02:18.889 --> 00:02:22.889 and illuminates the Traverse (*al-Sirat*) in the Hereafter when crossing over it. 00:02:22.889 --> 00:02:25.210 "Charity is proof": 00:02:25.210 --> 00:02:29.300 Meaning clear evidence of the faith of the one who gives it. 00:02:29.300 --> 00:02:31.300 "Patience is an illuminating radiance": 00:02:31.300 --> 00:02:33.300 Radiance (*diya'*) denotes intense light, 00:02:33.300 --> 00:02:37.300 and through patience, darknesses and afflictions are dispelled. 00:02:37.300 --> 00:02:39.460 "Either freeing it": 00:02:39.460 --> 00:02:42.460 Meaning delivering it from punishment. 00:02:42.460 --> 00:02:44.500 "Or destroying it": 00:02:44.500 --> 00:02:49.500 Meaning ruining it through committing sins, estrangement, and deprivation. 00:02:49.500 --> 00:02:53.199 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:02:53.199 --> 00:02:55.199 The virtue of ablution (*wudu'*) in Islam, 00:02:55.199 --> 00:02:58.199 and it is a prerequisite for the validity of prayer, 00:02:58.199 --> 00:03:00.199 thus it stands as half of it. 00:03:00.199 --> 00:03:04.490 Deeds will possess weight on the Day of Resurrection, 00:03:04.490 --> 00:03:06.490 growing heavy or light, 00:03:06.490 --> 00:03:08.490 and this affirms the reality of the Scale. 00:03:08.490 --> 00:03:12.740 Clarification of the virtue of remembrance of Allah (*dhikr*) and its immense reward, 00:03:12.740 --> 00:03:16.740 because it encompasses declaring Allah—Exalted and Glorified—free 00:03:16.740 --> 00:03:18.740 of anything unbefitting Him, 00:03:18.740 --> 00:03:21.740 while manifesting one's absolute dependence on Him through saying: 00:03:21.740 --> 00:03:24.129 "Praise be to Allah." 00:03:24.129 --> 00:03:26.129 Encouragement to perform abundant prayers, 00:03:26.129 --> 00:03:31.129 for it is a light that guides the Muslim along the paths of safety in this life, 00:03:31.129 --> 00:03:35.129 and shields its performer from indecency and wickedness, 00:03:35.129 --> 00:03:37.129 guiding toward righteousness, 00:03:37.129 --> 00:03:43.129 and repelling destructive paths by virtue of the light it casts into the heart 00:03:43.129 --> 00:03:45.129 and bestows upon the limbs. 00:03:45.129 --> 00:03:50.289 Giving charity abundantly is evidence of the believer's sincerity, purity of intention, 00:03:50.289 --> 00:03:53.539 and adherence to the Sharia. 00:03:53.539 --> 00:03:55.539 Clarification of the virtue of patience, 00:03:55.539 --> 00:03:57.539 and that it is a praiseworthy quality 00:03:57.539 --> 00:04:01.740 whose adherent continuously walks by its guiding light. 00:04:01.740 --> 00:04:03.740 The Noble Qur'an 00:04:03.740 --> 00:04:07.740 is the primary source for all legal rulings in the Sharia, 00:04:07.740 --> 00:04:09.740 the ultimate reference in times of dispute, 00:04:09.740 --> 00:04:13.020 and the constitution of the Muslim. 00:04:13.020 --> 00:04:17.019 Every person inevitably sets out in pursuit of an endeavor, 00:04:17.019 --> 00:04:20.220 so one must not leave oneself neglected in vain. 00:04:20.220 --> 00:04:28.259 The Muslim strives to utilize his lifespan in obedience to Allah, Exalted and Glorified. 00:04:28.259 --> 00:04:30.259 On the authority of Abu Sa'id 00:04:30.259 --> 00:04:34.259 Sa'd ibn Sinan al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with them both): 00:04:34.259 --> 00:04:41.259 Some people from the Ansar asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) for charity, and he gave them; 00:04:41.259 --> 00:04:44.259 then they asked him again, and he gave them, 00:04:44.259 --> 00:04:46.259 until all that he had was exhausted. 00:04:46.259 --> 00:04:50.300 When he had spent everything in his possession, he said to them: 00:04:50.300 --> 00:04:55.389 "Whatever good I have, I will never withhold from you. 00:04:55.389 --> 00:04:58.389 Whoever seeks chastity, Allah will keep him chaste; 00:04:58.389 --> 00:05:01.389 whoever seeks self-sufficiency, Allah will enrich him; 00:05:01.389 --> 00:05:05.389 and whoever strives for patience, Allah will grant him patience. 00:05:05.389 --> 00:05:10.389 And no one has been granted a gift better and more expansive than patience." 00:05:10.389 --> 00:05:12.490 Agreed upon. 00:05:12.490 --> 00:05:16.699 "Exhausted" (*nafida*), meaning depleted. 00:05:16.699 --> 00:05:18.959 "I will never withhold from you": 00:05:18.959 --> 00:05:22.959 Meaning I will not hoard it or deny it to you. 00:05:22.959 --> 00:05:25.060 "Whoever seeks chastity": 00:05:25.060 --> 00:05:28.060 Meaning whoever desires to refrain from begging people 00:05:28.060 --> 00:05:32.279 and coveting what is in their hands. 00:05:32.279 --> 00:05:34.279 "Allah will keep him chaste": 00:05:34.279 --> 00:05:36.279 Meaning Allah will grant him chastity, 00:05:36.279 --> 00:05:39.279 so that he becomes modest and content. 00:05:39.279 --> 00:05:41.500 "Allah will enrich him": 00:05:41.500 --> 00:05:43.500 Meaning He will grant him richness of the soul 00:05:43.500 --> 00:05:46.500 and open for him the gates of provision. 00:05:48.269 --> 00:05:50.269 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:05:50.269 --> 00:05:53.430 The generosity of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:05:53.430 --> 00:05:57.430 and the noble character naturally instilled within him. 00:05:57.430 --> 00:06:00.589 Wealth does not consist of an abundance of worldly goods, 00:06:00.589 --> 00:06:03.779 but true wealth is the richness of the soul. 00:06:03.779 --> 00:06:06.779 Encouragement toward contentment and seeking self-restraint. 00:06:06.779 --> 00:06:10.819 Noble character and exalted traits are attained 00:06:10.819 --> 00:06:14.819 by encouraging the soul and training it toward that end, 00:06:14.819 --> 00:06:17.819 which indicates that noble morals 00:06:17.819 --> 00:06:19.939 can be acquired. 00:06:19.939 --> 00:06:23.069 The permissibility of giving to a petitioner a second time. 00:06:23.069 --> 00:06:26.360 The permissibility of excusing oneself from giving to a petitioner. 00:06:26.360 --> 00:06:29.360 The permissibility of asking out of necessity, 00:06:29.360 --> 00:06:32.360 though it is preferable to refrain and show patience 00:06:32.360 --> 00:06:35.579 until Allah brings relief. 00:06:35.579 --> 00:06:37.579 Among the qualities of a Muslim: 00:06:37.579 --> 00:06:39.579 Chastity, maintaining independence 00:06:39.579 --> 00:06:41.579 from what is in people's hands, 00:06:41.579 --> 00:06:43.579 and enduring adversities with patience. 00:06:44.579 --> 00:06:48.019 On the authority of Abu Yahya 00:06:48.019 --> 00:06:52.019 Suhayb ibn Sinan (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:06:52.019 --> 00:06:56.019 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:06:56.019 --> 00:06:59.019 "Wondrous is the affair of the believer! 00:06:59.019 --> 00:07:02.019 Indeed, his entire affair is good for him, 00:07:02.019 --> 00:07:06.019 and this applies to none except the believer. 00:07:06.019 --> 00:07:09.089 If prosperity befalls him, he is grateful, 00:07:09.089 --> 00:07:11.089 and that is good for him; 00:07:11.089 --> 00:07:14.089 and if adversity befalls him, he is patient, 00:07:14.089 --> 00:07:16.089 and that is good for him." 00:07:16.089 --> 00:07:18.180 Related by Muslim. 00:07:18.180 --> 00:07:20.920 "Wondrous" (*'ajaban*): 00:07:20.920 --> 00:07:22.920 That is, I express great wonder. 00:07:22.920 --> 00:07:25.920 A human being wonders at a matter 00:07:25.920 --> 00:07:27.920 when it holds great significance in his eyes 00:07:27.920 --> 00:07:29.920 and its cause remains hidden from him. 00:07:29.920 --> 00:07:32.050 "Prosperity" (*al-sarra'*): 00:07:32.050 --> 00:07:34.050 Meaning that which pleases him. 00:07:34.050 --> 00:07:35.180 "Adversity" (*al-darra'*): 00:07:35.180 --> 00:07:38.180 Meaning what harms him in his physical body, 00:07:38.180 --> 00:07:40.180 or in matters concerning him, 00:07:40.180 --> 00:07:43.180 such as his family, his child, or his wealth. 00:07:44.750 --> 00:07:46.750 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:07:46.750 --> 00:07:51.100 The entire life of a believer is good and rewarded, 00:07:51.100 --> 00:07:56.420 whether in what outwardly appears to him as evil or as good. 00:07:56.420 --> 00:08:00.420 The believer whose faith is perfected and whose certainty is sincere 00:08:00.420 --> 00:08:02.420 thanks Allah in prosperity 00:08:02.420 --> 00:08:04.420 and endures with patience in adversity; 00:08:04.420 --> 00:08:08.420 thus, he abides continuously in the station of contentment (*rida*). 00:08:08.420 --> 00:08:11.420 Therefore, an affliction turns into a blessing for him, 00:08:11.420 --> 00:08:13.420 and an ordeal becomes a gift, 00:08:13.420 --> 00:08:17.420 owing to the reward, recompense, and fine outcome it entails. 00:08:17.420 --> 00:08:21.680 The disbeliever frets and becomes resentful during calamity, 00:08:21.680 --> 00:08:24.680 thus incurring a double burden of sin: 00:08:24.680 --> 00:08:27.680 his discontent with the decree of his Master, 00:08:27.680 --> 00:08:30.680 and his lack of patience when destiny unfolds. 00:08:30.680 --> 00:08:36.740 Reward under every circumstance belongs to none other than the people of faith. 00:08:36.740 --> 00:08:41.149 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:08:42.149 --> 00:08:46.149 When the Prophet (peace be upon him) grew gravely ill, 00:08:46.149 --> 00:08:49.149 agony began to overwhelm him, 00:08:49.149 --> 00:08:52.149 whereupon Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) exclaimed: 00:08:52.149 --> 00:08:55.149 "O, the agony of my father!" 00:08:55.149 --> 00:09:00.250 So he said: "There will be no agony for your father after this day." 00:09:00.250 --> 00:09:03.250 And when he passed away, she cried: 00:09:03.250 --> 00:09:07.250 "O my father, who answered a Lord that called him! 00:09:07.279 --> 00:09:12.279 O my father, whose abode is the Garden of Firdaws! 00:09:12.279 --> 00:09:17.500 O my father, to Gabriel we announce his death!" 00:09:17.500 --> 00:09:22.539 Then, when he was buried, Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: 00:09:22.539 --> 00:09:30.789 "How could your souls bear to cast dust over the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)?" 00:09:30.789 --> 00:09:34.549 Related by al-Bukhari. 00:09:34.549 --> 00:09:37.549 "Grew gravely ill," meaning due to the severity of the sickness. 00:09:37.549 --> 00:09:39.679 "Agony began to overwhelm him": 00:09:39.679 --> 00:09:43.679 That is, the intense distress of the death throes descended upon him. 00:09:43.679 --> 00:09:45.679 "We announce his death": 00:09:45.679 --> 00:09:50.679 That is, we convey the news of his passing (peace be upon him) to Gabriel. 00:09:50.679 --> 00:09:54.580 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:09:54.580 --> 00:09:59.799 The Prophets are the most severely tested of people in their lives and at their deaths, 00:09:59.799 --> 00:10:03.799 in order to elevate their ranks and multiply their rewards. 00:10:03.799 --> 00:10:07.960 The permissibility of expressing grief for the dying person during his death throes, 00:10:07.960 --> 00:10:10.960 such as the statement of Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), 00:10:10.960 --> 00:10:14.960 and that this does not constitute the forbidden wailing (*niyahah*). 00:10:14.960 --> 00:10:19.250 It is permissible to mention the virtues of the deceased after their passing. 00:10:19.250 --> 00:10:25.500 What lies beyond this worldly life is far better for the Prophets (blessings and peace of Allah be upon them), 00:10:25.500 --> 00:10:28.500 as well as for their followers. 00:10:28.500 --> 00:10:31.659 This worldly life is an abode of toil and weariness, 00:10:31.659 --> 00:10:36.659 while the Hereafter contains none of that for the believer. 00:10:36.659 --> 00:10:40.980 The permissibility of displaying grief over parting with the deceased, 00:10:40.980 --> 00:10:45.179 without lamentation, wailing, or expressing resentment. 00:10:45.179 --> 00:10:48.179 The statement of Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her): 00:10:48.179 --> 00:10:50.179 "How could your souls bear..." 00:10:50.179 --> 00:10:52.179 was an expression of her grief, 00:10:52.179 --> 00:10:59.330 not an objection to his burial (peace be upon him). 00:10:59.330 --> 00:11:01.330 On the authority of Abu Zayd, 00:11:01.330 --> 00:11:05.330 Usamah ibn Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:11:05.330 --> 00:11:08.330 the client of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:11:08.330 --> 00:11:11.330 and his beloved, and the son of his beloved, 00:11:11.330 --> 00:11:12.330 who said: 00:11:12.330 --> 00:11:16.330 The daughter of the Prophet (peace be upon him) sent a message saying: 00:11:16.330 --> 00:11:18.330 "My son is at the point of death, 00:11:18.330 --> 00:11:20.330 so please come to us." 00:11:20.330 --> 00:11:23.330 Thereupon, he sent back greetings of peace, saying: 00:11:23.330 --> 00:11:26.330 "Indeed, to Allah belongs whatever He takes, 00:11:26.330 --> 00:11:28.330 and to Him belongs whatever He gives, 00:11:28.330 --> 00:11:32.330 and everything with Him has an appointed term; 00:11:32.330 --> 00:11:34.330 "So let her be patient and seek her reward with Allah." 00:11:34.330 --> 00:11:38.419 But she sent back to him, adjuring him that he must come to her. 00:11:38.419 --> 00:11:43.419 So he stood up, accompanied by Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah, Mu'adh ibn Jabal, 00:11:43.419 --> 00:11:47.419 Ubayy ibn Ka'b, Zayd ibn Thabit, and other men— 00:11:47.419 --> 00:11:49.419 May Allah be pleased with them. 00:11:49.419 --> 00:11:54.460 The child was then lifted up to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:11:54.460 --> 00:11:58.460 And he placed him in his lap while the child's soul was rattling and gasping for breath. 00:11:58.460 --> 00:12:00.460 Thereupon, his eyes overflowed with tears. 00:12:00.460 --> 00:12:02.460 Sa'd said, 00:12:02.460 --> 00:12:05.460 "O Messenger of Allah, what is this?" 00:12:05.460 --> 00:12:07.460 He replied, 00:12:07.460 --> 00:12:12.460 "This is a mercy that Allah Almighty has placed in the hearts of His servants." 00:12:12.460 --> 00:12:14.490 And in another narration: 00:12:14.490 --> 00:12:17.490 "In the hearts of whichever of His servants He wills, 00:12:17.490 --> 00:12:22.490 And Allah only shows mercy to those of His servants who are merciful." 00:12:22.490 --> 00:12:24.519 Agreed upon. 00:12:24.519 --> 00:12:26.710 The meaning of "rattling and gasping" (taqa'qa') 00:12:26.710 --> 00:12:29.710 Is that it was heaving and convulsing. 00:12:29.710 --> 00:12:35.250 "The daughter of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him," 00:12:35.250 --> 00:12:39.250 Refers to Zaynab, may Allah be pleased with her. 00:12:39.250 --> 00:12:40.470 "Was in the throes of death" (uhtudira) 00:12:40.470 --> 00:12:43.470 Means that the signs and preludes of death were upon him. 00:12:43.470 --> 00:12:45.470 "So come to us" (fash-hadna) 00:12:45.470 --> 00:12:47.500 Means: come be present with us. 00:12:47.500 --> 00:12:49.500 "For an appointed term" (bi-ajalin musamma) 00:12:49.500 --> 00:12:51.500 Means: a decreed and predetermined span of time. 00:12:51.500 --> 00:12:53.629 "And let her seek reward" (wal-tahtasib) 00:12:53.629 --> 00:12:57.629 Means: she should intend, through her patience, to seek the reward from her Lord, 00:12:57.629 --> 00:13:01.629 So that it may be reckoned for her among her righteous deeds. 00:13:01.629 --> 00:13:03.889 "His eyes overflowed with tears" 00:13:03.889 --> 00:13:07.889 Means: his eyes welled up with tears and they flowed. 00:13:07.889 --> 00:13:11.879 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:13:11.879 --> 00:13:16.039 The permissibility of requesting the presence of people of virtue for a dying person, 00:13:16.039 --> 00:13:19.039 In hope of their blessing and their supplications. 00:13:19.039 --> 00:13:24.419 The permissibility of walking to offer condolences and visit the sick without an explicit prior invitation. 00:13:24.419 --> 00:13:27.549 The recommendation of fulfilling an oath when someone adjures you. 00:13:27.549 --> 00:13:32.779 The recommendation of enjoining patience upon the afflicted person even before death actually occurs, 00:13:32.779 --> 00:13:35.779 So that when it happens, they meet it fully resigned to Allah's decree. 00:13:35.779 --> 00:13:39.100 The permissibility of repeating an invitation, 00:13:39.100 --> 00:13:44.100 And informing the invited person of the reason for which they are being summoned. 00:13:44.100 --> 00:13:49.159 Encouragement toward showing compassion to Allah's creation and having mercy upon them. 00:13:49.159 --> 00:13:53.259 A stern warning against hard-heartedness and tearless eyes. 00:13:53.259 --> 00:13:56.480 The permissibility of weeping without wailing. 00:13:56.480 --> 00:14:02.639 Comforting the one struck by calamity with words that alleviate the pain of their loss. 00:14:02.639 --> 00:14:04.769 Visiting the sick, 00:14:04.769 --> 00:14:07.769 Even if they are of lesser standing or a young child, 00:14:07.769 --> 00:14:09.769 Is an act of noble character. 00:14:09.769 --> 00:14:12.769 Therefore, people of virtue ought 00:14:12.769 --> 00:14:15.769 Not to deprive others of their virtue and kindness. 00:14:15.769 --> 00:14:18.899 The permissibility of questioning the leader or scholar 00:14:18.899 --> 00:14:21.899 Concerning anything that seems perplexing in his apparent conduct. 00:14:21.899 --> 00:14:25.090 Showing good etiquette when asking a question 00:14:25.090 --> 00:14:28.090 Is evident in the words of Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah: 00:14:28.090 --> 00:14:31.090 "O Messenger of Allah, what is this?" 00:14:31.090 --> 00:14:35.250 The mercy of Allah Almighty overflows upon His servants 00:14:35.250 --> 00:14:38.250 On account of their mutual mercy toward one another. 00:14:38.250 --> 00:14:40.279 By contrary implication, 00:14:40.279 --> 00:14:43.279 The withholding of divine mercy from people 00:14:43.279 --> 00:14:47.279 Is due to their cruelty and harshness toward one another. 00:14:47.279 --> 00:14:52.210 Riyad al-Salihin.