WEBVTT

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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O you who recite the words of the Prophet and explain them,

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How beautiful is your voice when it calls to guidance!

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The biographies of the authors of the six major books,

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Six biographies filled with beauty and majesty.

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Summarized with care from that unique and magnificent book,

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The biographies are of the highest nobility,

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By Imam al-Dhahabi, may Allah have mercy on him.

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Prepared by Shaykh Muhammad al-Muhanna, may Allah preserve him.

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Imam Abu Dawud, may Allah have mercy on him,

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The Imam, the master of the Sunnah, and the foremost of the hadith scholars.

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He is Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al-Ash'ath al-Azdi al-Sijistani.

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The hadith scholar of Basra.

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He was born in the year 202 AH.

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He traveled, collected, and authored.

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He excelled in this field.

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In Makkah, he heard from al-Qa'nabi and Sulayman ibn Harb,

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And he heard from Muslim ibn Ibrahim,

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And 'Abdullah ibn Raja',

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And Abu al-Walid al-Tayalisi,

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And their peers in Basra.

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Then he heard in Kufa from al-Hasan ibn al-Rabi' al-Burani,

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And Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Yarbu'i,

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And a group of others.

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He heard from Safwan ibn Salih,

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And Hisham ibn 'Ammar in Damascus,

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And from Ishaq ibn Rahwayh,

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And his peers in Khurasan,

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And from Ahmad ibn Hanbal,

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And his peers in Baghdad,

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And from Qutaybah ibn Sa'id in Balkh,

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And from Ahmad ibn Salih,

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And a multitude in Egypt.

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He heard from 'Amr ibn al-Madini,

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And Sa'id ibn Mansur,

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And Sahl ibn Bakkar,

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And 'Ali ibn al-Ja'd,

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And Muhammad ibn al-Minhal al-Darir,

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And Musaddad ibn Musarhad,

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And Yahya ibn Ma'in,

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And many others besides them.

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Abu 'Isa narrated from him in his Jami',

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And al-Nasa'i, as it is said,

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And Abu al-Tayyib al-Ushnani,

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The narrator of the Sunan from him,

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And Abu Bakr al-Najjad,

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And Abu 'Umar Ahmad ibn al-Basri,

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The narrator of the Sunan from him,

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And Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad,

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Al-Khallal the jurist,

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And Harb ibn Isma'il al-Kirmani,

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And his son Abu Bakr ibn Abi Dawud,

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And Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Dunya,

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And Abu 'Ali,

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Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Lu'lu'i,

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The narrator of the Sunan,

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And Muhammad ibn Bakr ibn Dasah al-Tammar,

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One of the narrators of the Sunan.

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He settled in Basra after the destruction of the wicked one,

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The tyrant of the Zanj,

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And he spread knowledge there.

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He used to travel frequently to Baghdad.

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Al-Khatib Abu Bakr said,

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It is said that he authored his book, the Sunan, long ago,

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And presented it to Ahmad ibn Hanbal,

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Who deemed it excellent and praised it.

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Abu Bakr al-Khallal said,

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Abu Dawud,

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The leading Imam of his time,

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A man who was never surpassed in his knowledge,

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Of the extraction of hadith sciences and his insight,

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Into their intricacies, by anyone in his era.

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A man of piety and a leader.

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Ahmad ibn Hanbal heard from him,

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A single hadith.

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Abu Dawud used to mention this.

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Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Yasin said,

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Abu Dawud was one of the memorizers of Islam,

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Regarding the hadith of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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Its knowledge, its hidden defects, and its chains of transmission.

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He was at the highest level of devotion and chastity,

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And righteousness and piety.

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He was one of the knights of hadith.

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When Abu Dawud authored the Sunan,

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Abu Bakr said,

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Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Saghani,

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And Ibrahim al-Harbi,

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"Hadith was made soft for Abu Dawud,"

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"Just as iron was made soft for Dawud, peace be upon him."

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Muhammad ibn Makhlad said,

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When Abu Dawud authored the Sunan,

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And read it to the people,

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His book became for the people of hadith,

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Like a Mushaf (Qur'an),

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They follow it and do not contradict it.

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The people of his time acknowledged him,

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For his memorization and his precedence in it.

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The Hafiz Musa ibn Harun said,

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Abu Dawud was created in this world for hadith,

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And in the Hereafter for Paradise.

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Abu Hatim ibn Hibban said,

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Abu Dawud was one of the Imams of the world,

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In fiqh, knowledge, memorization,

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Devotion, piety, and precision.

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He collected, authored, and refined the Sunan.

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The Hafiz Abu 'Abdullah ibn Mandah said,

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Those who extracted and distinguished the authentic from the defective,

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And the error from the correct,

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Are four: al-Bukhari and Muslim,

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Then Abu Dawud and al-Nasa'i.

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Abu 'Abdullah al-Hakim said,

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Abu Dawud is the Imam of the people of hadith,

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In his era, without dispute.

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Musa ibn Harun said,

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I have not seen anyone better than Abu Dawud.

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Abu Bakr ibn Dasah said,

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I heard Abu Dawud say,

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"I wrote down from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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Five hundred thousand hadiths,

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From which I selected what I included in this book,"

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Meaning the book of Sunan.

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"I collected in it four thousand hadiths,

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And eight hundred hadiths.

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I mentioned the authentic and what resembles and approaches it.

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And it is sufficient for a person for his religion,

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Four hadiths."

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He said, the words of the Prophet, peace be upon him:

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"Actions are by intentions."

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And the second: "Part of the perfection of a person's Islam,

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Is leaving what does not concern him."

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And the third: "None of you will be,

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A believer until he loves for his brother,

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What he loves for himself."

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And the fourth: "The lawful is clear."

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I say, his statement that it is sufficient for a person for his religion,

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Rather, a Muslim needs a large number,

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Of authentic Sunnah alongside the Qur'an.

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Ibn Dasah said,

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I heard Abu Dawud say,

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"I mentioned in the Sunan the authentic and what approaches it.

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If it had a severe weakness, I clarified it."

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I say, he fulfilled that,

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May Allah have mercy on him, according to his ijtihad.

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He clarified what was severely weak,

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And whose weakness was intolerable.

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And he remained silent regarding what was lightly weak and tolerable.

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Thus, it does not necessarily follow from his silence,

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Regarding a hadith,

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That it is considered 'hasan' (good) by him,

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Especially if we judge based on the definition of 'hasan',

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According to our later, modern terminology,

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Which, in the convention of the salaf,

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Returns to a category of the authentic,

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Or that which Abu 'Abdullah al-Bukhari avoids,

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And Muslim accepts.

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And conversely, it is included,

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In the lowest ranks of authenticity.

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For if it were to fall below that,

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It would fall out of the realm of evidence,

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And remain suspended between weakness and goodness.

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The highest level in Abu Dawud's book,

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Among the established, is what the two Shaykhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) extracted,

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Which makes up a portion of the book.

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Then follows what one of the two Shaykhs extracted,

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While the other avoided it.

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Then follows what both avoided,

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Yet its chain was good, free from defect and irregularity.

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Then follows what had a sound chain,

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And was accepted by the scholars,

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Because it came from two or more acceptable paths,

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Each chain supporting the other.

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Then follows what had a weak chain due to a deficiency in the narrator's memory,

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Such a hadith Abu Dawud accepts,

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And he is silent about it, usually.

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Then follows what was clearly weak due to the narrator,

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This he does not remain silent about,

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Rather, he usually declares it weak.

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And he may remain silent about it depending on its fame and its rejection.

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And Allah knows best.

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The Hafiz Zakariyya al-Saji said,

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The Book of Allah is the foundation of Islam,

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And the book of Abu Dawud is the covenant of Islam.

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I say, Abu Dawud was,

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Along with his leadership in hadith and its sciences,

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One of the great jurists.

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His book is evidence of that.

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He was one of the distinguished students of Imam Ahmad.

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He attended his circle for a long time,

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And asked him about the subtle issues in branches and fundamentals.

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He was upon the path of the salaf in following the Sunnah,

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And submitting to it,

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And avoiding delving into the intricacies of speculative theology.

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Al-A'mash narrated from Ibrahim from 'Alqamah,

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He said: 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud,

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Used to resemble the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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In his guidance and his demeanor.

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And 'Alqamah used to resemble 'Abdullah in that.

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Jarir ibn 'Abd al-Hamid said,

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Ibrahim al-Nakha'i used to be likened to 'Alqamah in that regard.

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Mansur used to be likened to Ibrahim.

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It was said:

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Sufyan al-Thawri used to be likened to Mansur.

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Waki' used to be likened to Sufyan.

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Ahmad used to be likened to Waki'.

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Abu Dawud used to be likened to Ahmad.

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Abu Bakr ibn Jabir said:

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The servant of Abu Dawud, may Allah have mercy on him,

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"I was with Abu Dawud in Baghdad,

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and we had prayed Maghrib.

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Then the Prince, Abu Ahmad al-Muwaffaq, came to him—

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meaning the Crown Prince.

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He entered, and Abu Dawud turned to him

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and said, 'What brings the Prince at such an hour?'

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He replied, 'I have come to you for three things.'

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He asked, 'And what are they?'

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He said, 'That you move to Basra

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and make it your home,

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so that students of knowledge may travel to you,

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and it may flourish through you, for it has fallen into ruin,

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and people have ceased to visit it

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due to the Zanj rebellion that befell it.'

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He said, 'That is one.'

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He said, 'And that you narrate the Sunan to my children.'

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He said, 'Yes, bring the third.'

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He said, 'And that you set aside a private session for them,

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for the children of the Caliphs do not sit with the common people.'

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Abu Dawud replied,

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'As for that, there is no way to do it,

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for people are equal in the pursuit of knowledge.'

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Ibn Jabir said:

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So they would attend and sit behind a screen—

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meaning a concealed place—

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and listen along with the common people."

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Ibn Dasah said:

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He was asked about that,

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and he said, "The one who has the books is wealthy,

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and the other has no need of it."

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Dawud said:

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I heard my father say:

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"The best of speech is that which enters the ear without permission."

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He said: And I heard him say:

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"I have met those among the people of hadith whom I have met;

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there was none among them with a better memory for hadith,

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nor one who had collected more of them, than Ibn Ma'in,

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nor one more pious, nor one more knowledgeable

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of the fiqh of hadith than Ahmad,

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and the most knowledgeable of them regarding its defects was 'Ali ibn al-Madini.

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I saw Ishaq, despite his memorization

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and his knowledge, deferring to Ahmad ibn Hanbal

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and acknowledging his status."

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Abu Dawud said in his Sunan:

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"I measured a cucumber in Egypt at thirteen spans."

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"And I saw a citron on a camel,

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and it had been cut into two pieces,

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and it made the equivalent of two loads."

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A discussion on Sijistan:

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As for Sijistan,

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the region from which Imam Abu Dawud hails,

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it is a small, distinct region,

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bordering the region of Sindh.

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To its west is the city of Herat,

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and to its east is a desert,

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and a wilderness between it and Makran,

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which is the capital of Sindh.

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The completion of this eastern boundary

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is the land of Multan,

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and to its north is the beginning of India.

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The land of Sijistan is rich in palm trees and sand,

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and it is in the third of the seven climates.

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The capital of Sijistan is Zaranj.

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Its latitude is thirty-two degrees.

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The name Zaranj is also used for Sijistan.

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It has a wall and a great congregational mosque,

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and a large river flows by it.

00:13:44.149 --> 00:13:47.149
Its longitude from the Fortunate Isles

00:13:47.149 --> 00:13:50.149
is eighty-nine degrees.

00:13:50.149 --> 00:13:53.149
The relative adjective for it is also 'Sijzi'.

00:13:53.149 --> 00:13:56.149
This is how Abu 'Awanah

00:13:56.149 --> 00:13:59.149
al-Isfara'ini refers to Abu Dawud.

00:14:00.149 --> 00:14:03.179
And to it is attributed

00:14:03.179 --> 00:14:06.279
the Musnad of the time, Abu al-Waqt al-Sijzi.

00:14:06.279 --> 00:14:09.279
It has been said—though it is of no account—

00:14:09.279 --> 00:14:12.279
that Abu Dawud is from Sijistan,

00:14:12.279 --> 00:14:15.279
a village in the district of Basra.

00:14:15.279 --> 00:14:18.279
Qadi Shams al-Din mentioned this in Wafayat al-A'yan.

00:14:18.279 --> 00:14:21.279
When Abu Dawud first arrived

00:14:21.279 --> 00:14:24.279
from the lands, he entered Baghdad

00:14:24.279 --> 00:14:27.279
when he was eighteen years old,

00:14:27.279 --> 00:14:30.279
before he had seen Basra.

00:14:30.279 --> 00:14:33.279
Then he traveled from Baghdad to Basra.

00:14:33.279 --> 00:14:36.279
Abu 'Ubayd al-Ajurri said:

00:14:36.279 --> 00:14:39.279
Abu Dawud passed away on the sixteenth of Shawwal,

00:14:39.279 --> 00:14:42.279
in the year 275.

00:14:42.279 --> 00:14:45.409
I say: His brother,

00:14:45.409 --> 00:14:48.409
Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, was slightly older than him,

00:14:48.409 --> 00:14:51.409
and he was his companion in his travels,

00:14:51.409 --> 00:14:54.409
and he died in his prime before Abu Dawud.

00:14:54.409 --> 00:14:58.659
The biographies of the authors of the Six Books.

00:15:28.950 --> 00:15:31.950
A village in the district of Basra.

00:15:31.950 --> 00:15:34.950
Qadi Shams al-Din mentioned it.

00:15:34.950 --> 00:15:37.950
Abu Dawud died on the sixteenth of Shawwal,

00:15:37.950 --> 00:15:40.950
in the year 275.

00:15:40.950 --> 00:15:44.210
I say: His brother,

00:15:44.210 --> 00:15:47.210
Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, was slightly older than him,

00:15:47.210 --> 00:15:50.210
and he was his companion in his travels,

00:15:50.210 --> 00:15:53.210
and he died in his prime before Abu Dawud.

00:15:53.210 --> 00:15:56.210
The biographies of the authors of the Six Books.

00:15:56.210 --> 00:15:59.210
My veins are for the hadith and its people.

00:15:59.210 --> 00:16:02.210
So sell me your authentic narrations,

00:16:02.210 --> 00:16:05.210
and quench my thirst with the chains of transmission,

00:16:05.210 --> 00:16:08.210
and with the 'he said, he said'.

00:16:08.210 --> 00:16:11.210
And take refuge in our hadith,

00:16:11.210 --> 00:16:14.210
the 'he narrated to us', and the comprehensive,

00:16:14.210 --> 00:16:17.210
eloquent, and precise words.

00:16:17.210 --> 00:16:20.210
For his words—

00:16:20.210 --> 00:16:23.210
may peace and blessings of Allah be upon him—are of great majesty,

00:16:23.210 --> 00:16:26.210
and his speech

00:16:26.210 --> 00:16:29.269
is above all common discourse.

00:16:29.269 --> 00:16:32.269
And upon him is a light,

00:16:32.269 --> 00:16:35.269
radiant with tranquility,

00:16:35.269 --> 00:16:38.269
that flows into my soul,

00:16:38.269 --> 00:16:41.269
and remains a source of inspiration.