WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 *Riyad al-Salihin* (The Meadows of the Righteous) from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:20.309 Chapter on Venerating the Sanctities of Muslims, Clarifying Their Rights, and Showing Them Compassion and Mercy. 00:00:20.309 --> 00:00:29.910 Allah the Almighty said: "And whoever honors the sacred ordinances of Allah, that is best for him in the sight of his Lord." 00:00:29.910 --> 00:00:38.100 And the Almighty said: "And whoever honors the symbols of Allah, indeed, it is from the piety of hearts." 00:00:38.100 --> 00:00:43.200 And the Almighty said: "And lower your wing to the believers." 00:00:43.200 --> 00:00:51.200 “For that cause We decreed for the Children of Israel that whosoever killeth a human being for other than manslaughter or corruption in the earth, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind, and whoso saveth the life of one, it shall be as if he had saved the life of all mankind. Our messengers came unto them of old with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), but afterwards lo! many of them became prodigals in the earth.” (5:32) 00:00:51.200 --> 00:00:55.200 “For that cause We decreed for the Children of Israel that whosoever killeth a human being for other than manslaughter or corruption in the earth, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind, and whoso saveth the life of one, it shall be as if he had saved the life of all mankind. Our messengers came unto them of old with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), but afterwards lo! many of them became prodigals in the earth.” (5:32) 00:00:55.200 --> 00:01:01.200 “For that cause We decreed for the Children of Israel that whosoever killeth a human being for other than manslaughter or corruption in the earth, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind, and whoso saveth the life of one, it shall be as if he had saved the life of all mankind. Our messengers came unto them of old with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), but afterwards lo! many of them became prodigals in the earth.” (5:32) 00:01:01.200 --> 00:01:06.480 On the authority of Abu Musa, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:01:06.480 --> 00:01:10.480 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:01:10.480 --> 00:01:16.480 "A believer to another believer is like a building, each part supporting the other." 00:01:16.480 --> 00:01:21.540 And he interlaced his fingers. Agreed upon. 00:01:23.980 --> 00:01:25.980 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:01:25.980 --> 00:01:31.239 The obligation of mutual cooperation among believers in righteousness and piety. 00:01:31.239 --> 00:01:37.590 The believer is in need of his brothers' support, for through them he is strengthened. 00:01:37.590 --> 00:01:41.069 There is a rhetorical device in the hadith: 00:01:41.069 --> 00:01:44.069 Whoever wishes to emphasize a statement for affirmation 00:01:44.069 --> 00:01:48.069 accompanies it with an action, illustrating the description with a physical gesture. 00:01:48.069 --> 00:01:52.459 It is possible that the one who interlaced his fingers 00:01:52.459 --> 00:01:55.459 was the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:01:55.459 --> 00:01:57.459 or the narrator of the hadith. 00:01:57.459 --> 00:02:03.819 On the authority of Abu Musa, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:02:03.819 --> 00:02:07.890 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:02:07.890 --> 00:02:11.889 "Whoever passes through any of our mosques or markets 00:02:11.889 --> 00:02:13.889 carrying arrows, 00:02:13.889 --> 00:02:18.889 let him hold or grasp their arrowheads in his palm, 00:02:18.889 --> 00:02:22.889 lest he injure any of the Muslims with them." 00:02:22.889 --> 00:02:25.080 Agreed upon. 00:02:25.080 --> 00:02:30.780 *Nabl* means Arabian arrows. 00:02:30.780 --> 00:02:35.969 *Nisal* refers to the iron heads at the tip of the arrows. 00:02:35.969 --> 00:02:39.740 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:02:39.740 --> 00:02:43.020 The compassion of the Messenger, peace be upon him, 00:02:43.020 --> 00:02:47.020 toward his Ummah and his keenness for their safety. 00:02:47.020 --> 00:02:50.280 Islam’s care for the security of the Muslim 00:02:50.280 --> 00:02:53.280 and preventing any harm to him, even a minor scratch, 00:02:53.280 --> 00:02:57.280 out of veneration for his sanctity and elevation of his status. 00:02:57.280 --> 00:03:00.629 Teaching the Muslim proper etiquette when walking through markets 00:03:00.629 --> 00:03:02.629 and carrying weapons, 00:03:02.629 --> 00:03:05.629 thereby ensuring the safety of others 00:03:05.629 --> 00:03:08.629 and not terrifying or frightening them. 00:03:08.629 --> 00:03:13.050 The permissibility of carrying weapons in mosques or markets, 00:03:13.050 --> 00:03:18.050 provided that carrying them does not entail harm to Muslims. 00:03:18.050 --> 00:03:24.389 On the authority of al-Nu'man ibn Bashir, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:03:24.389 --> 00:03:28.389 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:03:28.389 --> 00:03:34.389 "The similitude of believers in their mutual love, mercy, and compassion 00:03:34.389 --> 00:03:38.389 is like that of a single body: when one limb suffers, 00:03:38.389 --> 00:03:43.389 the rest of the body responds to it with wakefulness and fever." 00:03:43.389 --> 00:03:45.520 Agreed upon. 00:03:45.520 --> 00:03:49.960 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:03:49.960 --> 00:03:57.180 Muslim society forms a cohesive whole in mercy, mutual connection, and cooperation. 00:03:57.180 --> 00:04:01.180 Hence, this is a magnificent metaphor, 00:04:01.180 --> 00:04:04.180 for it brings abstract meanings close to human comprehension 00:04:04.180 --> 00:04:07.180 and presents them in tangible, visible imagery. 00:04:07.180 --> 00:04:10.439 Muslims' rights must be honored, 00:04:10.439 --> 00:04:15.439 and mutual cooperation and kindness among them must be encouraged. 00:04:15.439 --> 00:04:20.790 A society permeated by love is one permeated by security. 00:04:20.790 --> 00:04:26.199 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:04:26.199 --> 00:04:33.389 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, kissed al-Hasan ibn 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:04:33.389 --> 00:04:36.389 while al-Aqra' ibn Habis was sitting with him. 00:04:36.389 --> 00:04:38.389 Thereupon, al-Aqra' said: 00:04:38.389 --> 00:04:43.389 "I have ten children, and I have never kissed a single one of them." 00:04:44.490 --> 00:04:49.490 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, looked at him and said: 00:04:49.490 --> 00:04:52.490 "He who does not show mercy will not be shown mercy." 00:04:52.490 --> 00:04:55.490 Agreed upon. 00:04:55.490 --> 00:04:58.610 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:04:58.610 --> 00:05:04.019 Parents kissing their children is lawful and commendable. 00:05:04.019 --> 00:05:09.470 Tenderness toward the young is a manifestation of mercy and compassion toward them. 00:05:09.470 --> 00:05:12.819 Among the causes of Allah's mercy toward people 00:05:12.819 --> 00:05:14.819 is showing mutual mercy among themselves. 00:05:14.819 --> 00:05:18.269 Recompense is of the same nature as the deed: 00:05:18.269 --> 00:05:21.269 so whoever does not show mercy will not be shown mercy. 00:05:21.269 --> 00:05:27.449 It contains an indication of the harshness of the Bedouins. 00:05:27.449 --> 00:05:31.449 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: 00:05:31.449 --> 00:05:36.449 Some Bedouins came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:05:36.449 --> 00:05:38.449 and said: 00:05:38.449 --> 00:05:41.449 "Do you kiss your children?" 00:05:41.449 --> 00:05:43.480 He replied: "Yes." 00:05:43.480 --> 00:05:44.480 They said: 00:05:44.480 --> 00:05:47.480 "By Allah, we do not kiss them." 00:05:47.480 --> 00:05:51.610 Thereupon the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:05:51.610 --> 00:05:56.610 "Can I help it if Allah has stripped mercy from your hearts?" 00:05:56.610 --> 00:05:58.769 Agreed upon. 00:05:58.769 --> 00:06:03.720 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:03.720 --> 00:06:06.720 Allah placed mercy in the hearts of His servants 00:06:06.720 --> 00:06:09.720 so that they may be compassionate toward one another, 00:06:09.720 --> 00:06:14.910 and so that the affairs of life may function properly and its bonds endure. 00:06:14.910 --> 00:06:18.910 Environment leaves an imprint on a person's psychological makeup; 00:06:18.910 --> 00:06:23.980 these Bedouins did not kiss their children 00:06:23.980 --> 00:06:28.069 due to the ingrained harshness and roughness in their nature. 00:06:28.069 --> 00:06:33.069 Indeed, it is authentically reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:06:33.069 --> 00:06:36.069 "Whoever lives in the desert becomes harsh." 00:06:36.069 --> 00:06:41.480 On the authority of Jarir ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:06:41.480 --> 00:06:45.480 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:06:45.480 --> 00:06:49.480 "Whoever does not show mercy to people, Allah will not show mercy to him." 00:06:49.480 --> 00:06:51.509 Agreed upon. 00:06:51.509 --> 00:06:55.629 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:55.629 --> 00:07:00.730 The servant should exercise mercy toward all of creation. 00:07:00.730 --> 00:07:04.269 Mercy is a noble character trait 00:07:04.269 --> 00:07:08.269 that Islam is keen to nurture within the human soul. 00:07:08.269 --> 00:07:13.879 Mutual mercy among people is a means to attain Allah's mercy for them. 00:07:14.879 --> 00:07:19.129 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:07:19.129 --> 00:07:23.129 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:07:23.129 --> 00:07:28.220 "When one of you leads the people in prayer, let him lighten it, 00:07:28.220 --> 00:07:32.220 for among them are the weak, the sick, and the elderly. 00:07:32.220 --> 00:07:35.220 But when one of you prays by himself, 00:07:35.220 --> 00:07:38.220 let him lengthen it as much as he wishes." 00:07:38.220 --> 00:07:40.259 Agreed upon. 00:07:40.259 --> 00:07:42.379 And in another narration: 00:07:42.379 --> 00:07:44.379 "...and the one with pressing needs." 00:07:44.379 --> 00:07:48.759 "When one of you leads the people in prayer" 00:07:48.759 --> 00:07:50.759 means when he leads as an imam. 00:07:50.759 --> 00:07:52.889 "The weak" 00:07:52.889 --> 00:07:54.889 includes the advanced in age. 00:07:54.889 --> 00:07:56.949 "The sick" 00:07:56.949 --> 00:07:57.949 refers to the ailing. 00:07:57.949 --> 00:08:00.180 "The one with pressing needs" 00:08:00.180 --> 00:08:02.180 refers to anyone who has business to attend to. 00:08:02.180 --> 00:08:06.199 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:06.199 --> 00:08:09.420 Lightening the congregational prayer is recommended, 00:08:09.420 --> 00:08:13.420 out of consideration for the needs and circumstances of the believers. 00:08:13.420 --> 00:08:16.970 Lightening the prayer must not compromise 00:08:16.970 --> 00:08:19.970 its essential pillars and obligatory elements. 00:08:19.970 --> 00:08:22.449 A person's individual prayer 00:08:22.449 --> 00:08:25.449 differs from his congregational prayer; 00:08:25.449 --> 00:08:28.449 when praying alone by himself, 00:08:28.449 --> 00:08:31.449 he may lengthen it however he pleases. 00:08:31.449 --> 00:08:33.899 It contains an exhortation to imams 00:08:33.899 --> 00:08:35.899 not to drive people away 00:08:35.899 --> 00:08:37.899 from congregational prayer 00:08:37.899 --> 00:08:39.899 by unduly prolonging it. 00:08:39.899 --> 00:08:42.149 It shows the ease and tolerance of Islam, 00:08:42.149 --> 00:08:44.149 and its lifting of hardship and distress 00:08:44.149 --> 00:08:46.149 from the Ummah. 00:08:46.149 --> 00:08:51.750 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: 00:08:51.750 --> 00:08:55.779 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:08:55.779 --> 00:08:57.779 would indeed forgo a good deed 00:08:57.779 --> 00:08:59.779 even though he loved to perform it, 00:08:59.779 --> 00:09:02.779 out of fear that the people would practice it 00:09:02.779 --> 00:09:04.820 and it would then be made obligatory upon them. 00:09:04.820 --> 00:09:07.899 Agreed upon. 00:09:07.899 --> 00:09:09.899 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:09:09.899 --> 00:09:14.159 The keenness of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:09:14.159 --> 00:09:17.159 to grant ease and facilitation to his Ummah. 00:09:17.159 --> 00:09:19.509 Excess in religion 00:09:19.509 --> 00:09:20.509 is a cause of inability 00:09:20.509 --> 00:09:23.929 to fulfill what is prescribed. 00:09:23.929 --> 00:09:25.929 The actions performed by 00:09:25.929 --> 00:09:28.929 the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:09:28.929 --> 00:09:32.929 included those that were obligatory upon him specifically, 00:09:32.929 --> 00:09:36.220 as well as those that were supererogatory. 00:09:36.220 --> 00:09:38.220 Foregoing a recommended act, 00:09:38.220 --> 00:09:40.220 if predicated upon 00:09:40.220 --> 00:09:42.220 a recognized juristic benefit (*maslahah*), 00:09:42.220 --> 00:09:44.539 is more meritorious than performing it. 00:09:44.539 --> 00:09:48.539 The obligation to emulate the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:09:48.539 --> 00:09:50.539 and the impermissibility of departing 00:09:50.539 --> 00:09:54.539 from his guidance in word, deed, or tacit approval. 00:09:54.539 --> 00:09:59.720 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: 00:09:59.720 --> 00:10:02.720 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, forbade them 00:10:02.720 --> 00:10:04.720 from uninterrupted fasting (*wisal*), 00:10:04.720 --> 00:10:06.720 out of mercy toward them. 00:10:06.720 --> 00:10:09.720 They said: "Yet you fast continuously!" 00:10:09.720 --> 00:10:10.779 He said: 00:10:10.779 --> 00:10:13.779 "I am not like you; 00:10:13.779 --> 00:10:18.850 I spend the night while my Lord feeds me and gives me drink." 00:10:18.850 --> 00:10:20.940 Agreed upon. 00:10:20.940 --> 00:10:21.940 Its meaning is: 00:10:21.940 --> 00:10:25.940 He grants me the strength of one who has eaten and drunk. 00:10:25.940 --> 00:10:29.259 Continuous fasting (*wisal*) 00:10:29.259 --> 00:10:33.259 means not partaking of food or drink between two fasts; 00:10:33.259 --> 00:10:35.259 it is joining fasts together 00:10:35.259 --> 00:10:41.179 consecutively without breaking the fast or having a pre-dawn meal (*suhur*). 00:10:41.179 --> 00:10:43.179 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:10:43.179 --> 00:10:46.570 The prohibition of continuous fasting. 00:10:46.570 --> 00:10:48.820 Continuous fasting 00:10:48.820 --> 00:10:52.820 is among the exclusive characteristics of the Messenger, peace be upon him. 00:10:52.820 --> 00:10:57.240 The Messenger's compassion and mercy toward his Ummah, 00:10:57.240 --> 00:11:01.240 and his fear that physical weakness would afflict them, 00:11:01.240 --> 00:11:04.659 which could undermine their religious practice. 00:11:04.659 --> 00:11:07.659 The legal equality of legally accountable individuals under the rulings: 00:11:07.659 --> 00:11:13.009 whatever is established regarding the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:11:13.009 --> 00:11:15.009 is established regarding his Ummah, 00:11:15.009 --> 00:11:18.009 except what textual evidence exempts, 00:11:18.009 --> 00:11:22.009 which then belongs to his exclusive characteristics, peace and blessings be upon him. 00:11:22.009 --> 00:11:26.490 The permissibility of questioning a mufti regarding his verdict 00:11:26.490 --> 00:11:28.490 if it appears contrary to his own practice, 00:11:28.490 --> 00:11:32.490 provided the questioner does not know the reason for the divergence. 00:11:32.490 --> 00:11:37.029 The permissibility of inquiring into the wisdom behind a prohibition. 00:11:37.029 --> 00:11:40.029 The Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, 00:11:40.029 --> 00:11:44.029 would refer to his actions, peace be upon him, 00:11:44.029 --> 00:11:47.029 and hasten to emulate him, 00:11:47.029 --> 00:11:50.289 except in matters he explicitly forbade them from. 00:11:50.289 --> 00:11:53.289 The omnipotence of Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, 00:11:53.289 --> 00:11:55.289 to bring about effects 00:11:55.289 --> 00:11:59.820 without apparent physical causes. 00:11:59.820 --> 00:12:01.820 On the authority of Abu Qatadah, 00:12:01.820 --> 00:12:05.820 al-Harith ibn Rib'i, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:12:05.820 --> 00:12:09.820 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:12:09.820 --> 00:12:12.820 "I stand up to lead the prayer, 00:12:12.820 --> 00:12:15.820 intending to prolong it, 00:12:15.820 --> 00:12:17.820 but then I hear the crying of a child, 00:12:17.820 --> 00:12:20.820 "so I lighten my prayer, 00:12:20.820 --> 00:12:23.950 hating to cause hardship for his mother." 00:12:23.950 --> 00:12:27.909 Related by al-Bukhari. 00:12:27.909 --> 00:12:30.909 "I lighten" means: I shorten the prayer. 00:12:30.909 --> 00:12:35.159 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:12:35.159 --> 00:12:38.159 The compassion of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:12:38.159 --> 00:12:41.159 toward his Ummah, his tenderness toward his Companions, 00:12:41.159 --> 00:12:44.159 and his consideration for the circumstances of the Muslims; 00:12:44.159 --> 00:12:48.669 the wisdom of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:12:48.669 --> 00:12:51.669 for he placed matters precisely where they belong; 00:12:51.669 --> 00:12:54.990 lightening the prayer is achieved by reciting 00:12:54.990 --> 00:12:57.340 a short Surah; 00:12:57.340 --> 00:12:59.340 the imam is the one who estimates 00:12:59.340 --> 00:13:01.340 the appropriate length of the prayer, 00:13:01.340 --> 00:13:03.340 and he may adjust 00:13:03.340 --> 00:13:05.340 his estimation due to an unforeseen circumstance; 00:13:05.340 --> 00:13:07.980 the permissibility of bringing young children 00:13:07.980 --> 00:13:09.980 to the mosque; 00:13:09.980 --> 00:13:11.980 and that their crying or playing 00:13:11.980 --> 00:13:15.980 should not be a cause to expel them from the houses of Allah; 00:13:15.980 --> 00:13:18.980 rather, adults should patiently bear their disturbances, 00:13:18.980 --> 00:13:21.980 endure whatever actions stem from them, 00:13:21.980 --> 00:13:24.980 and instruct and guide them, 00:13:24.980 --> 00:13:29.360 if they are of an age to benefit from that. 00:13:29.360 --> 00:13:33.360 On the authority of Jundab Ibn 'Abdillah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:13:33.360 --> 00:13:37.360 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:13:37.360 --> 00:13:40.360 "Whoever performs the dawn prayer (Subh) 00:13:40.360 --> 00:13:42.360 is under the protection of Allah, 00:13:42.360 --> 00:13:46.360 so let not Allah demand from you anything regarding His covenant of protection, 00:13:46.360 --> 00:13:51.419 for whomever He demands anything from concerning His protection, He will overtake him, 00:13:51.419 --> 00:13:56.460 and then cast him headlong into the Fire of Hell." 00:13:56.460 --> 00:13:58.460 Related by Muslim. 00:13:58.460 --> 00:14:01.289 "Whoever performs the dawn prayer" 00:14:01.289 --> 00:14:04.419 means: in congregation, within its designated time; 00:14:04.419 --> 00:14:06.419 "under the protection of Allah" 00:14:06.419 --> 00:14:08.419 means: under His security and covenant; 00:14:08.419 --> 00:14:10.539 "cast him" 00:14:10.539 --> 00:14:13.250 means: hurl him. 00:14:13.250 --> 00:14:15.250 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:14:15.250 --> 00:14:20.860 Demonstrating the profound significance and virtue of the dawn prayer; 00:14:20.860 --> 00:14:23.860 safeguarding the boundaries and sanctities of Allah 00:14:23.860 --> 00:14:28.110 is a cause for receiving Allah's protection and divine support; 00:14:28.110 --> 00:14:31.110 a stern warning against harming or wronging 00:14:31.110 --> 00:14:34.110 anyone who performs the dawn prayer in congregation; 00:14:34.110 --> 00:14:36.110 and that inflicting harm upon such a person brings about 00:14:36.110 --> 00:14:39.110 the utmost humiliation and punishment; 00:14:39.110 --> 00:14:42.110 for whoever shows enmity toward the allies of Allah, 00:14:42.110 --> 00:14:45.460 Allah has declared war upon him; 00:14:45.460 --> 00:14:47.460 and whoever violates the covenant of Allah, 00:14:47.460 --> 00:14:50.259 Allah will seize him in punishment. 00:14:50.259 --> 00:14:54.259 Riyad al-Salihin.