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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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*Ithāf al-Bararah bi-Tarājim al-Qurrā' al-'Asharah* (The Gift to the Virtuous: Biographies of the Ten Qur'an Reciters).

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Biography of Imam Ibn 'Āmir al-Shāmī.

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He is Abū 'Imrān 'Abd Allāh ibn 'Āmir ibn Yazīd,

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Ibn Tamīm ibn Rabī'ah,

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Al-Yaḥṣubī—with the letter *ṣād* vowelled with *fatḥah*, *ḍammah*, or *kasrah*—

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In attribution to Yaḥṣub ibn Dūhmān.

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The Imam of the people of Damascus.

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His lineage is purely Arab according to the correct opinion.

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He was born—may Allah have mercy on him—in the year 8 AH,

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According to what Imam Ibn al-Jazarī verified in *Al-Ghāyah*.

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And it was also said: in the year 21 AH.

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He studied and received the recitations directly from Al-Mughīrah ibn Abī Shihāb al-Makhzūmī,

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Who recited to 'Uthmān ibn 'Affān,

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Just as he also received it directly from Abū al-Dardā' (may Allah be pleased with him),

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A chain confirmed by Imam al-Dānī.

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Both 'Uthmān and Abū al-Dardā' recited directly to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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He was a great Imam, an illustrious Tabi'i,

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And a renowned scholar.

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Whenever he saw an innovation in the mosque, he would immediately change it.

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He led the Muslims in prayer at the Umayyad Mosque for many years,

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During the era of 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Azīz,

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As well as before him and after him.

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'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Azīz himself would pray behind him while serving as Commander of the Faithful,

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And that alone is sufficient testimony to his exalted stature.

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He combined the positions of religious leadership, the judgeship,

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And the mastership of Qur'anic recitation in Damascus—

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Which was at that time the seat of the Caliphate,

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And the destination of scholars and the Tabi'un.

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Thus, the people unanimously agreed upon his recitation,

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Receiving and accepting it wholeheartedly,

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Including the first generation, who were the most virtuous of the Muslims.

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A vast number of students narrated the recitation from him, both through direct presentation (*'arḍ*) and auditory transmission (*samā'*).

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The most famous among them was Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥārith al-Dhimārī,

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Who succeeded him in leading the school of recitation.

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His recitation became widely renowned through two primary transmitters:

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Hishām and Ibn Dhakwān.

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He passed away—may Allah have mercy on him—in Damascus on the Day of 'Āshūrā',

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In the year 118 AH.

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Biography of Imam Hishām,

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The first narrator from Imam Ibn 'Āmir al-Shāmī.

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He is Abū al-Walīd

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Hishām ibn 'Ammār ibn Naṣīr ibn Maysarah,

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Al-Sulamī al-Dimashqī.

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He was born—may Allah have mercy on him—in the year 153 AH.

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He was the most knowledgeable of the people of Damascus, their chief orator (*khaṭīb*),

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Their master reciter, their prominent hadith scholar, and their mufti,

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Possessing utmost trustworthiness, precision, and probity.

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Ibn Ma'īn declared him trustworthy,

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And Al-Dāraquṭnī said of him:

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"He is truthful and holds a lofty standing."

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He was highly eloquent, a erudite scholar, and vast in his narrations.

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'Abdān al-Ahwāzī said:

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I heard him say:

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"I have not prepared a sermon for twenty years."

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He studied recitation under 'Irāk ibn Khālid,

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Ayyūb ibn Tamīm,

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And others among the companions of Yaḥyā al-Dhimārī.

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He heard hadith from Mālik ibn Anas,

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Muslim ibn Khālid al-Zanjī,

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Ismā'īl ibn 'Ayyāsh,

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Yaḥyā ibn Ḥamzah al-Ḥaḍramī,

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Al-Haytham ibn Ḥumayd al-Ghassānī,

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And a vast multitude of scholars.

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The hadith memorizer Ṣāliḥ ibn Muḥammad (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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I heard Hishām ibn 'Ammār say:

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"I entered upon Mālik

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And said, 'Narrate hadith to me.'

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He said, 'Recite [what you know].'

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I replied, 'No, rather narrate to me.'

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When I kept pressing him,

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He said to his servant, 'Lash him.'

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So he struck me fifteen lashes with a whip.

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I said, 'You have wronged me, and I will not forgive you!'

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He asked, 'What is the expiation for it?'

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I said, 'That you narrate fifteen hadiths to me.'

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So he narrated them to me,

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Whereupon I said, 'Lash me more,

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And increase the hadiths!'

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He smiled and said, 'Begone!'"

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Abū 'Ubayd

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Al-Qāsim ibn Sallām recited to him,

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Despite his own precedence,

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As did Aḥmad ibn Yazīd al-Ḥulwānī,

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Hārūn ibn Mūsā al-Akhfash,

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Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Māmūyah,

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And many others.

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Narrations were transmitted from him by Al-Walīd ibn Muslim

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And Muḥammad ibn Shu'ayb—

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Both of whom were among his own teachers—

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As well as Al-Bukhārī in his *Ṣaḥīḥ*,

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Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī,

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Al-Nasā'ī, and Ibn Mājah in their *Sunan* collections,

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Among many others.

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He passed away—may Allah have mercy on him—in the year 245 AH.

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A sample from the narration of Hishām from Ibn 'Āmir:

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"I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed."

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"In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful."

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﴿And [remember] when Abraham said, "My Lord,

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“And when Abraham said: My Lord! Make safe this territory, and preserve me and my sons from serving idols.” (14:35)

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And keep me and my sons away

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From worshipping idols.

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My Lord, indeed they have led astray

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Many among mankind.

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“My Lord! Lo! they have led many of mankind astray. But whoso followeth me, he verily is of me. And whoso disobeyeth me - Still Thou art Forgiving, Merciful.” (14:36)

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“My Lord! Lo! they have led many of mankind astray. But whoso followeth me, he verily is of me. And whoso disobeyeth me - Still Thou art Forgiving, Merciful.” (14:36)

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“Our Lord! Lo! I have settled some of my posterity in an uncultivable valley near unto Thy holy House, our Lord! that they may establish proper worship; so incline some hearts of men that they may yearn toward them, and provide Thou them with fruits in order that they may be thankful.” (14:37)

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“Our Lord! Lo! I have settled some of my posterity in an uncultivable valley near unto Thy holy House, our Lord! that they may establish proper worship; so incline some hearts of men that they may yearn toward them, and provide Thou them with fruits in order that they may be thankful.” (14:37)

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Near Your Sacred House,

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Our Lord, that they may establish prayer.

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So make hearts among mankind

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Incline toward them

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And provide for them from the fruits

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That they may be grateful.

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“Our Lord! Lo! Thou knowest that which we hide and that which we proclaim. Nothing in the earth or in the heaven is hidden from Allah.” (14:38)

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“Our Lord! Lo! Thou knowest that which we hide and that which we proclaim. Nothing in the earth or in the heaven is hidden from Allah.” (14:38)

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In the earth or in the heaven.

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“Praise be to Allah Who hath given me, in my old age, Ishmael and Isaac! Lo! my Lord is indeed the Hearer of Prayer.” (14:39)

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“Praise be to Allah Who hath given me, in my old age, Ishmael and Isaac! Lo! my Lord is indeed the Hearer of Prayer.” (14:39)

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“Praise be to Allah Who hath given me, in my old age, Ishmael and Isaac! Lo! my Lord is indeed the Hearer of Prayer.” (14:39)

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My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer

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And [many] from my offspring.

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Our Lord, and accept my supplication.

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Our Lord, forgive me and my parents...﴾

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“Our Lord! Forgive me and my parents and believers on the day when the account is cast.” (14:41)

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Biography of Imam Ibn Dhakwān,

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The second narrator from Imam Ibn 'Āmir al-Shāmī.

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He is Abū 'Amr 'Abd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Bashīr ibn Dhakwān,

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Al-Qurashī al-Dimashqī.

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He was born—may Allah have mercy on him—on the Day of 'Āshūrā',

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In the year 173 AH.

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He served as the Imam of the Umayyad Mosque,

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And leadership in the instruction of Qur'anic recitation devolved to him

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After Ayyūb ibn Tamīm.

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He recited to Ayyūb ibn Tamīm,

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Isḥāq ibn al-Musayyibī, and others.

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Al-Dhahabī said:

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"Ibn Dhakwān was far superior to Hishām in mastery of recitation,

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While Hishām was far broader in general scholarly knowledge than Ibn Dhakwān."

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Abū Zur'ah al-Dimashqī said:

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"There was no one in Iraq, nor in the Hijaz,

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Nor in the Levant, nor in Egypt,

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Nor in Khurasan in the time of Ibn Dhakwān

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Who was a master reciter in my view superior to him."

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A great number of students recited to him,

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Among them Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf al-Taghlibī,

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Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ṣūrī,

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Hārūn ibn Sharīk al-Akhfash,

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Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Iskandarānī,

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And others.

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He passed away—may Allah have mercy on him—in the year 242 AH.

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A sample from the narration of Ibn Dhakwān from Ibn 'Āmir:

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"I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed."

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"In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful."

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﴿And [remember] when We assigned to Abraham the site of the House,

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[Saying], "Do not associate anything with Me and purify My House

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For those who perform tawaf and those who stand [in prayer]

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And those who bow and prostrate."

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“And proclaim unto mankind the pilgrimage. They will come unto thee on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every deep ravine,” (22:27)

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They will come to you on foot

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And on every lean camel;

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“And proclaim unto mankind the pilgrimage. They will come unto thee on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every deep ravine,” (22:27)

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That they may witness benefits for themselves

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And mention the name of Allah on known days

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Over what He has provided them of [sacrificial] animals.

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So eat of them and feed the miserable and poor.

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Then let them end their filth

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And fulfill their vows

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And perform tawaf around the Ancient House.

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That [is so].

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And whoever honors the sacred ordinances of Allah—

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“That (is the command). And whoso magnifieth the sacred things of Allah, it will be well for him in the sight of his Lord. The cattle are lawful unto you save that which hath been told you. So shun the filth of idols, and shun lying speech,” (22:30)

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And permitted to you are the grazing livestock,

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Except what is recited to you.

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“That (is the command). And whoso magnifieth the sacred things of Allah, it will be well for him in the sight of his Lord. The cattle are lawful unto you save that which hath been told you. So shun the filth of idols, and shun lying speech,” (22:30)

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And avoid false speech,

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“Turning unto Allah (only), not ascribing partners unto Him; for whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah, it is as if he had fallen from the sky and the birds had snatched him or the wind had blown him to a far-off place.” (22:31)

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And whoever associates others with Allah—

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“Turning unto Allah (only), not ascribing partners unto Him; for whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah, it is as if he had fallen from the sky and the birds had snatched him or the wind had blown him to a far-off place.” (22:31)

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The birds snatch him away

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“Turning unto Allah (only), not ascribing partners unto Him; for whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah, it is as if he had fallen from the sky and the birds had snatched him or the wind had blown him to a far-off place.” (22:31)

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Into a remote place.﴾

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May Allah reward on our behalf with all blessings those Imams

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Who transmitted the Qur'an to us pure, sweet, and flowing.