WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:07.139 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:07.139 --> 00:00:09.199 With the pens of longing, 00:00:09.199 --> 00:00:11.779 And the ink of love, 00:00:11.779 --> 00:00:15.900 We record lines more precious than gold, 00:00:15.900 --> 00:00:17.899 In describing the Master of Creation, 00:00:17.899 --> 00:00:20.899 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:20.899 --> 00:00:30.539 The Prophetic characteristics (Shama'il). 00:00:30.539 --> 00:00:38.390 Chapter: What has been narrated regarding the description of the turban of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:00:38.390 --> 00:00:39.390 The turban (al-'imamah): 00:00:39.390 --> 00:00:44.390 A name given to that which is worn upon the head, covering it completely. 00:00:44.390 --> 00:00:47.390 It was the custom of the Arabs to wear the turban. 00:00:47.390 --> 00:00:52.609 On the authority of Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:00:52.609 --> 00:01:00.609 The Prophet, peace be upon him, entered Makkah on the day of the Conquest wearing a black turban. 00:01:00.609 --> 00:01:03.890 This hadith indicates 00:01:03.890 --> 00:01:10.890 That the Prophet, peace be upon him, entered Makkah on the day of the Conquest wearing a black turban. 00:01:10.890 --> 00:01:15.890 It has previously passed in our discussion that he entered it while wearing a helmet (mighfar) upon his head. 00:01:15.890 --> 00:01:18.890 There is no contradiction between the two hadiths, 00:01:18.890 --> 00:01:24.890 As it is possible that the Prophet, peace be upon him, wore the helmet to protect his head, 00:01:24.890 --> 00:01:26.890 And wore the turban over it. 00:01:26.890 --> 00:01:32.890 It is also possible that he, peace be upon him, wore the helmet first, 00:01:32.890 --> 00:01:38.890 And then, once matters had settled, he removed the helmet and wore the turban. 00:01:38.890 --> 00:01:45.040 On the authority of Ja'far ibn 'Umar ibn Hurayth, from his father, who said: 00:01:45.040 --> 00:01:53.040 I saw the Prophet, peace be upon him, delivering a sermon from the pulpit wearing a black turban. 00:01:53.040 --> 00:01:59.290 This hadith provides evidence for the permissibility of wearing black at times. 00:01:59.290 --> 00:02:05.290 Hence, the Abbasid Caliphs adopted the wearing of black as their emblem, 00:02:05.290 --> 00:02:09.289 As well as for their governors, judges, and orators. 00:02:09.289 --> 00:02:14.449 However, the Prophet, peace be upon him, did not wear it as a regular, habitual garment, 00:02:14.449 --> 00:02:20.449 Nor was it his emblem during the Eids, Fridays, or major gatherings at all. 00:02:20.449 --> 00:02:26.449 Rather, it simply happened that he wore the black turban on the day of the Conquest, unlike the rest of the Companions. 00:02:26.449 --> 00:02:30.449 His other clothing on that day was not black. 00:02:30.449 --> 00:02:35.569 On the authority of 'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Umar, from Nafi', 00:02:35.569 --> 00:02:39.569 From Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:02:39.569 --> 00:02:43.569 When the Prophet, peace be upon him, would wear a turban, 00:02:43.569 --> 00:02:47.629 He would let its end hang between his shoulders. 00:02:47.629 --> 00:02:51.629 Nafi' said: Ibn 'Umar used to do that. 00:02:51.629 --> 00:02:59.629 'Ubayd Allah said: I saw al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and Salim doing that as well. 00:02:59.629 --> 00:03:06.689 This hadith shows that when the Prophet, peace be upon him, would wear a turban— 00:03:06.689 --> 00:03:10.689 Meaning, he would put on the turban and wrap it around his head— 00:03:10.689 --> 00:03:13.689 He would let its end hang between his shoulders. 00:03:13.689 --> 00:03:19.689 Meaning, he would loosen his turban and let it fall so that its end would hang between the shoulders. 00:03:19.689 --> 00:03:21.819 This is called the dhu'abah (tail/end). 00:03:21.819 --> 00:03:25.819 His statement, "Ibn 'Umar used to do that," 00:03:25.819 --> 00:03:31.819 Means he would do with his turban just as the Prophet, peace be upon him, used to do, 00:03:31.819 --> 00:03:34.819 By creating a tail for it between his shoulders. 00:03:34.819 --> 00:03:39.849 And his statement, "I saw al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and Salim doing that," 00:03:39.849 --> 00:03:45.849 Means they would create a tail for their turbans and let it hang between their shoulders, 00:03:45.849 --> 00:03:50.849 Which is an indication that the righteous emulate one another. 00:03:50.849 --> 00:03:55.969 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: 00:03:55.969 --> 00:03:59.969 The Prophet, peace be upon him, addressed the people 00:03:59.969 --> 00:04:02.969 While wearing a dark ('dasma') head-wrap. 00:04:03.969 --> 00:04:11.060 This hadith indicates that the Prophet, peace be upon him, addressed the people 00:04:11.060 --> 00:04:13.060 While wearing a dark head-wrap. 00:04:13.060 --> 00:04:18.060 The 'isabah' is that which is wrapped around the head and tied. 00:04:18.060 --> 00:04:20.060 It is synonymous with the turban. 00:04:20.060 --> 00:04:23.060 His description of it as 'dasma' means black. 00:04:23.060 --> 00:04:28.060 It has also been said that its color was like the color of 'dasm', which is grease or oil. 00:04:28.060 --> 00:04:35.060 This is from the traces of the perfume that he, peace be upon him, used to apply to his head. 00:04:35.060 --> 00:04:38.240 A note of caution: 00:04:38.240 --> 00:04:44.240 There is no authentic hadith from the Prophet, peace be upon him, regarding the specific virtue of wearing a turban. 00:04:44.240 --> 00:04:51.240 Everything authentic regarding this topic is simply the fact that he, peace be upon him, wore one. 00:04:51.240 --> 00:04:55.240 Is it said that wearing a turban is a Sunnah? 00:04:55.240 --> 00:05:00.240 The fundamental principle is that a person should wear the clothing of their own people, 00:05:00.240 --> 00:05:03.240 And not distinguish themselves from them with anything, 00:05:03.240 --> 00:05:05.240 Provided it does not violate the Shari'ah. 00:05:05.240 --> 00:05:09.240 The Prophet, peace be upon him, wore the turban 00:05:09.240 --> 00:05:12.240 Because it was the clothing of his people. 00:05:12.240 --> 00:05:15.240 He wore it under a cap (qalansuwah), 00:05:15.240 --> 00:05:18.240 And he wore the turban without a cap, 00:05:18.240 --> 00:05:21.240 And he wore the cap without a turban. 00:05:21.240 --> 00:05:24.269 Just as he, peace be upon him, 00:05:24.269 --> 00:05:28.269 Would sometimes let a tail hang from the turban, 00:05:28.269 --> 00:05:31.269 And at other times he would wear it without a tail, 00:05:31.269 --> 00:05:35.269 As explained by Imam Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him. 00:05:35.269 --> 00:05:44.019 Chapter: What has been narrated regarding the description of the lower garment (izar) of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:05:44.019 --> 00:05:50.110 The izar is that which is wrapped around the lower part of the body. 00:05:50.110 --> 00:05:54.110 The rida' is that which is placed upon the shoulders, 00:05:54.110 --> 00:05:57.110 And with which the upper part of the body is covered. 00:05:57.110 --> 00:06:02.139 On the authority of Abu Burdah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:06:02.139 --> 00:06:07.139 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, brought out to us a patched cloak, 00:06:07.139 --> 00:06:10.139 And a coarse izar. 00:06:10.139 --> 00:06:16.139 She said: The soul of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was taken while he was wearing these. 00:06:16.139 --> 00:06:20.350 This hadith shows 00:06:20.350 --> 00:06:24.350 That 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, brought out to some of the Tabi'un 00:06:24.350 --> 00:06:26.350 A patched cloak. 00:06:26.350 --> 00:06:31.350 The cloak (kisa') is a piece of fabric that is not sewn, 00:06:31.350 --> 00:06:34.350 But rather remains in its original state. 00:06:34.350 --> 00:06:39.350 He, peace be upon him, used to cover the upper part of his body with it. 00:06:39.350 --> 00:06:42.350 'Mulabbad' means patched, 00:06:42.350 --> 00:06:45.350 Meaning it had become thick in the middle due to the abundance of patches, 00:06:45.350 --> 00:06:47.350 So it became heavy. 00:06:47.350 --> 00:06:50.420 Her statement, "and a coarse izar," 00:06:50.420 --> 00:06:53.420 Means a thick piece of fabric 00:06:53.420 --> 00:06:58.420 That he, peace be upon him, used to wrap around the lower part of his body. 00:06:58.420 --> 00:07:04.639 Her statement, "The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was taken while wearing these," 00:07:04.639 --> 00:07:07.639 Means while wearing these two garments. 00:07:07.639 --> 00:07:09.639 She, may Allah be pleased with her, intended 00:07:09.639 --> 00:07:12.639 To show that these garments, 00:07:12.639 --> 00:07:15.639 Despite their coarseness and worn-out state, 00:07:15.639 --> 00:07:18.639 Were his clothing after the great conquests, 00:07:18.639 --> 00:07:21.639 And during the days of the fullness of his authority, 00:07:21.639 --> 00:07:24.639 And his dominion over most of the lands, 00:07:24.639 --> 00:07:26.639 And his overcoming of his enemies. 00:07:26.639 --> 00:07:30.639 For the time of his passing was a time of the strength of Islam, 00:07:30.639 --> 00:07:34.639 Yet he did not concern himself with the splendor of the world, 00:07:34.639 --> 00:07:38.819 Nor with its fleeting possessions. 00:07:38.819 --> 00:07:41.819 On the authority of al-Ash'ath ibn Sulaym, who said: 00:07:41.819 --> 00:07:45.819 I heard my aunt narrating from her uncle, who said: 00:07:45.819 --> 00:07:48.819 While I was walking in Madinah, 00:07:48.819 --> 00:07:51.819 Suddenly a man behind me said: 00:07:51.819 --> 00:07:56.819 "Raise your izar, for it is more pious and more lasting." 00:07:56.819 --> 00:08:00.819 Behold, it was the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:08:00.819 --> 00:08:03.819 I said: O Messenger of Allah, 00:08:03.819 --> 00:08:06.889 It is only a simple, striped garment. 00:08:06.889 --> 00:08:10.889 He said: "Is there not for you an example in me?" 00:08:10.889 --> 00:08:17.550 I looked, and his izar was at the middle of his shins. 00:08:17.550 --> 00:08:20.550 This hadith shows that the Companion, 00:08:21.550 --> 00:08:25.550 May Allah be pleased with him, was walking in Madinah, 00:08:25.550 --> 00:08:28.550 And the Prophet, peace be upon him, came to him 00:08:28.550 --> 00:08:31.550 And said to him: "Raise your izar," 00:08:31.550 --> 00:08:35.549 Because wearing an izar requires maintenance, 00:08:35.549 --> 00:08:39.549 For whenever a person walks, his izar loosens. 00:08:39.549 --> 00:08:43.549 Therefore, the Prophet, peace be upon him, commanded him 00:08:43.549 --> 00:08:46.549 To maintain it, justifying this 00:08:46.549 --> 00:08:48.549 By saying it is "more pious," 00:08:48.549 --> 00:08:51.549 Meaning between you and Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, 00:08:51.549 --> 00:08:54.549 By fulfilling His obedience. 00:08:54.549 --> 00:08:57.549 And "more lasting," meaning for your garment, 00:08:57.549 --> 00:08:59.549 Because if you raise it, it remains safe, 00:08:59.549 --> 00:09:02.549 And its duration of remaining with you is longer, 00:09:02.549 --> 00:09:05.549 Unlike if you let it hang low, 00:09:05.549 --> 00:09:08.549 For the ground affects it. 00:09:08.549 --> 00:09:10.549 It came in a narration: 00:09:10.549 --> 00:09:13.549 "For it is more lasting and cleaner," 00:09:13.549 --> 00:09:15.710 Meaning cleaner for the garment. 00:09:15.710 --> 00:09:19.710 The Companion said to the Prophet, peace be upon him: 00:09:19.710 --> 00:09:22.710 "It is only a simple, striped garment," 00:09:22.710 --> 00:09:25.710 Meaning that this garment I am wearing 00:09:25.710 --> 00:09:28.710 Has white mixed with black, 00:09:28.710 --> 00:09:30.710 And it is from the clothing of the Bedouins, 00:09:30.710 --> 00:09:33.710 Not from the luxurious garments. 00:09:33.710 --> 00:09:35.710 It is as if he wanted to say: 00:09:35.710 --> 00:09:38.710 This is a garment of no significance, 00:09:38.710 --> 00:09:41.710 And it is not worn in gatherings and assemblies, 00:09:41.710 --> 00:09:44.710 But rather it is a garment for work, 00:09:44.710 --> 00:09:46.779 Not a garment for adornment. 00:09:46.779 --> 00:09:49.779 And his statement, peace be upon him: 00:09:49.779 --> 00:09:51.779 "Is there not for you an example in me?" 00:09:51.779 --> 00:09:54.779 Meaning an example to follow and emulate. 00:09:54.779 --> 00:10:00.779 The meaning is that one who is keen to follow the example of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:10:00.779 --> 00:10:02.779 Shortens his garments, 00:10:02.779 --> 00:10:06.779 Even if he does not have the intention of preserving his garment, 00:10:06.779 --> 00:10:10.779 Or if there is no pride or arrogance in his heart, 00:10:10.779 --> 00:10:12.779 Which is expected in the act of letting one's garment drag (isbal). 00:10:12.779 --> 00:10:16.779 Because merely following the example of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:10:16.779 --> 00:10:20.779 Requires a person to raise his garments. 00:10:20.779 --> 00:10:26.779 Therefore, when the Companion looked at the izar of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:10:26.779 --> 00:10:29.779 He saw it at the middle of his shins. 00:10:29.779 --> 00:10:32.059 Similar to this 00:10:32.059 --> 00:10:38.059 Is what was narrated that the Commander of the Believers, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, on the day he was stabbed, 00:10:38.059 --> 00:10:42.100 People came to bid him farewell and praise him. 00:10:42.100 --> 00:10:44.100 A young man came to him 00:10:44.100 --> 00:10:49.100 And said: "Rejoice, O Commander of the Believers, with the good news from Allah for you, 00:10:49.100 --> 00:10:53.100 Because of your companionship with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:10:53.100 --> 00:10:57.100 And your precedence in Islam, which you know, 00:10:57.100 --> 00:10:59.100 Then you ruled and acted justly, 00:10:59.100 --> 00:11:01.100 Then martyrdom." 00:11:01.100 --> 00:11:03.100 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 00:11:03.100 --> 00:11:08.100 "I wish that it is a wash—neither for me nor against me." 00:11:08.100 --> 00:11:10.190 When the young man turned away, 00:11:10.190 --> 00:11:13.190 His izar was touching the ground. 00:11:13.190 --> 00:11:16.190 He said: "Bring the boy back to me." 00:11:16.190 --> 00:11:18.190 He said to him: 00:11:18.190 --> 00:11:19.190 "O son of my brother, 00:11:19.190 --> 00:11:21.190 Raise your garment, 00:11:21.190 --> 00:11:24.190 For it is more lasting for your garment, 00:11:24.190 --> 00:11:26.190 And more pious before your Lord." 00:11:26.190 --> 00:11:29.289 Also similar to this situation 00:11:29.289 --> 00:11:32.289 Is that of 'Abd Allah ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:11:32.289 --> 00:11:34.289 Where he said: 00:11:34.289 --> 00:11:38.289 I entered upon the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:11:38.289 --> 00:11:41.289 While my izar was making a rattling sound, 00:11:41.289 --> 00:11:44.289 Meaning it was rustling and moving. 00:11:44.289 --> 00:11:46.289 He said: "Who is this?" 00:11:46.289 --> 00:11:49.289 I said: 'Abd Allah. 00:11:49.289 --> 00:11:52.289 He said: "If you are 'Abd Allah (a servant of Allah), 00:11:52.289 --> 00:11:54.289 Then raise your izar." 00:11:54.289 --> 00:11:56.419 Ibn 'Umar said: 00:11:56.419 --> 00:11:59.419 So I raised my izar to the middle of my shins, 00:11:59.419 --> 00:12:04.919 And it remained that way until I died. 00:12:04.919 --> 00:12:08.919 On the authority of Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:12:08.919 --> 00:12:11.919 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:12:11.919 --> 00:12:14.919 Took hold of the calf of my leg, 00:12:14.919 --> 00:12:16.919 And said: 00:12:16.919 --> 00:12:18.919 "This is the place for the izar. 00:12:18.919 --> 00:12:21.919 If you refuse, then lower. 00:12:21.919 --> 00:12:23.919 If you refuse, 00:12:23.919 --> 00:12:26.919 Then there is no right for the izar in the ankles." 00:12:26.919 --> 00:12:29.980 This hadith shows 00:12:29.980 --> 00:12:32.980 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:12:32.980 --> 00:12:37.980 grasped the calf or the leg of Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:12:37.980 --> 00:12:39.980 The narrator mentioned, 00:12:39.980 --> 00:12:40.980 and he said, 00:12:40.980 --> 00:12:42.980 "This is the place for the lower garment (izar)." 00:12:42.980 --> 00:12:44.980 The calf muscle 00:12:44.980 --> 00:12:47.980 is the firm flesh behind the lower leg. 00:12:47.980 --> 00:12:50.980 Thus, the believer’s lower garment should reach the middle of his calf, 00:12:50.980 --> 00:12:52.980 or the calf muscle. 00:12:52.980 --> 00:12:55.139 As for his saying, "If you refuse," 00:12:55.139 --> 00:12:58.139 meaning if you refrain from taking the more resolute path 00:12:58.139 --> 00:13:01.139 of raising the garment to the middle of the calf, 00:13:01.139 --> 00:13:04.139 then you have a concession to lower it beyond that point, 00:13:04.139 --> 00:13:08.139 provided that your garment does not reach the ankles, 00:13:08.139 --> 00:13:13.139 for the garment has no right to reach the ankles. 00:13:13.139 --> 00:13:15.139 This is why he said, 00:13:15.139 --> 00:13:16.139 "If you refuse," 00:13:16.139 --> 00:13:20.139 for the garment has no right to reach the ankles. 00:13:20.139 --> 00:13:23.320 A benefit: 00:13:23.320 --> 00:13:27.379 When a Muslim knows that our Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:13:27.379 --> 00:13:30.379 has had many authentic hadiths reported from him 00:13:30.379 --> 00:13:33.379 warning against letting one's garment hang below the ankles (isbal), 00:13:33.379 --> 00:13:36.379 such as his saying, peace be upon him, 00:13:36.379 --> 00:13:40.379 "Whatever part of the lower garment hangs below the ankles is in the Fire." 00:13:40.379 --> 00:13:43.379 And his saying, peace be upon him, 00:13:43.379 --> 00:13:47.379 "There are three whom Allah will not speak to on the Day of Resurrection, 00:13:47.379 --> 00:13:51.379 nor will He look at them, nor will He purify them, 00:13:51.379 --> 00:13:53.379 and they shall have a painful punishment: 00:13:53.379 --> 00:13:56.379 the one who lets his garment hang low, the one who reminds others of his favors, 00:13:56.379 --> 00:14:00.379 and the one who sells his merchandise by means of false oaths." 00:14:00.379 --> 00:14:04.669 So how can one be content with this severe threat, 00:14:04.669 --> 00:14:08.669 which indicates that letting the garment hang low is among the major sins? 00:14:08.669 --> 00:14:10.929 The scholars have said 00:14:10.929 --> 00:14:13.929 that whatever clothing hangs below the ankles 00:14:13.929 --> 00:14:16.929 is prohibited with an absolute prohibition, 00:14:16.929 --> 00:14:20.929 whether it is done out of arrogance or not, 00:14:20.929 --> 00:14:24.929 though it is more strictly prohibited if done out of arrogance. 00:14:24.929 --> 00:14:26.929 It is regrettable 00:14:26.929 --> 00:14:28.929 that some foolish youth, 00:14:28.929 --> 00:14:32.929 when they used to see someone wearing a garment reaching the middle of his calves, 00:14:32.929 --> 00:14:34.929 would mock him. 00:14:34.929 --> 00:14:37.929 Then, after a while, when they saw Westerners 00:14:37.929 --> 00:14:40.929 wearing trousers up to the knee, 00:14:40.929 --> 00:14:42.929 they imitated them, 00:14:42.929 --> 00:14:46.929 and went out into the streets in trousers reaching the knee. 00:14:46.929 --> 00:14:50.929 This indicates a disease in the hearts of those youth, 00:14:50.929 --> 00:14:51.929 as they turned away from, 00:14:51.929 --> 00:14:55.929 and even mocked, the guidance of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:14:55.929 --> 00:14:57.929 which is the best of guidance, 00:14:57.929 --> 00:15:02.929 and turned toward the falsehood that came from their enemies. 00:15:02.929 --> 00:15:03.929 This ruling, 00:15:03.929 --> 00:15:06.929 meaning raising the garment to the middle of the calf, 00:15:06.929 --> 00:15:09.929 is specific to men, not women. 00:15:09.929 --> 00:15:12.960 For when the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:15:12.960 --> 00:15:13.960 said, 00:15:13.960 --> 00:15:16.960 "Whoever drags his garment out of arrogance, 00:15:16.960 --> 00:15:19.960 Allah will not look at him on the Day of Resurrection," 00:15:19.960 --> 00:15:22.960 Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with her, asked, 00:15:23.960 --> 00:15:26.960 "What should women do with their hems?" 00:15:26.960 --> 00:15:30.960 He said, "They should lower them by a span." 00:15:30.960 --> 00:15:31.960 She said, 00:15:31.960 --> 00:15:34.960 "Then their feet will be uncovered." 00:15:34.960 --> 00:15:37.960 He said, "Then they should lower them by a forearm's length, 00:15:37.960 --> 00:15:39.960 but no more." 00:15:39.960 --> 00:15:45.090 The forearm is measured from the elbow to the fingertips. 00:15:45.090 --> 00:15:47.090 Thus, the woman is commanded to cover herself, 00:15:47.090 --> 00:15:50.090 which is considered a means of protecting her, 00:15:50.090 --> 00:15:54.090 and guarding her against sinful and misguided gazes. 00:15:54.090 --> 00:15:58.120 Therefore, she was commanded to lower her garment in this manner. 00:15:58.120 --> 00:16:02.120 Even if the garment might be exposed to some dirt, 00:16:02.120 --> 00:16:07.120 the benefit of covering her feet is greater and more significant. 00:16:07.120 --> 00:16:11.720 The hadith has more to follow, if Allah wills. 00:16:11.720 --> 00:16:13.720 And Allah knows best. 00:16:13.720 --> 00:16:16.720 May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon our Prophet Muhammad, 00:16:16.720 --> 00:16:20.720 and upon all his family and companions.