WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.160 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.169 --> 00:00:08.050 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:13.949 --> 00:00:16.030 Surah al-Baqarah. 00:00:17.789 --> 00:00:22.829 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.100 --> 00:00:33.479 “And Moses came unto you with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), yet, while he was away, ye chose the calf (for worship) and ye were wrong-doers.” (2:92) 00:00:33.759 --> 00:00:42.299 Then you took the calf [for worship] after him, while you were wrongdoers. 00:00:43.289 --> 00:00:49.369 Moses, peace be upon him, had come to you with clear proofs demonstrating his truthfulness and the validity of his prophethood. 00:00:49.850 --> 00:00:53.289 Yet, after Moses had departed, you took the calf as a deity. 00:00:53.649 --> 00:00:58.490 You were wrongdoers by worshipping the calf and abandoning the worship of Allah. 00:00:59.240 --> 00:01:04.439 And [recall] when We took your covenant and raised the Mount over you. 00:01:04.439 --> 00:01:15.879 “And when We made with you a covenant and caused the Mount to tower above you, (saying): Hold fast by that which We have given you, and hear (Our Word), they said: We hear and we rebel. And (worship of) the calf was made to sink into their hearts because of their rejection (of the covenant). Say (unto them): Evil is that which your belief enjoineth on you, if ye are believers.” (2:93) 00:01:16.280 --> 00:01:23.560 “And when We made with you a covenant and caused the Mount to tower above you, (saying): Hold fast by that which We have given you, and hear (Our Word), they said: We hear and we rebel. And (worship of) the calf was made to sink into their hearts because of their rejection (of the covenant). Say (unto them): Evil is that which your belief enjoineth on you, if ye are believers.” (2:93) 00:01:24.040 --> 00:01:34.200 “And when We made with you a covenant and caused the Mount to tower above you, (saying): Hold fast by that which We have given you, and hear (Our Word), they said: We hear and we rebel. And (worship of) the calf was made to sink into their hearts because of their rejection (of the covenant). Say (unto them): Evil is that which your belief enjoineth on you, if ye are believers.” (2:93) 00:01:35.120 --> 00:01:37.439 And remember when We took your pledges. 00:01:37.760 --> 00:01:41.840 [We commanded you to] take what We have given you of the Torah with diligence and vigor. 00:01:42.319 --> 00:01:44.319 And listen to what I have commanded you. 00:01:44.719 --> 00:01:47.519 It was for that reason that We raised the Mount over you. 00:01:48.079 --> 00:01:52.079 They replied, "We have heard your words, yet we disobey your command." 00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:58.400 The love of the calf was poured into their hearts until it overcame them and permeated their souls. 00:01:59.120 --> 00:02:04.159 Say, O Muhammad, to them: "Vile is that which your faith commands you to do." 00:02:04.640 --> 00:02:10.319 If it indeed commands you to kill the prophets and messengers of Allah and to deny His scriptures. 00:02:10.960 --> 00:02:14.960 [This is] if you are truly believers in what Allah has revealed to you. 00:02:22.360 --> 00:02:26.360 “Say (unto them): If the abode of the Hereafter in the providence of Allah is indeed for you alone and not for others of mankind (as ye pretend), then long for death (for ye must long for death) if ye are truthful.” (2:94) 00:02:27.159 --> 00:02:31.159 “Say (unto them): If the abode of the Hereafter in the providence of Allah is indeed for you alone and not for others of mankind (as ye pretend), then long for death (for ye must long for death) if ye are truthful.” (2:94) 00:02:31.639 --> 00:02:37.719 Then wish for death if you are truthful. 00:02:38.939 --> 00:02:49.020 Say, O Muhammad: "If the bliss and delights of the Hereafter are reserved for you, O community of the Jews, to the exclusion of all other people," 00:02:49.500 --> 00:02:56.539 "Then wish for death if you are sincere in your claims of faith and your proximity to Allah." 00:02:57.099 --> 00:03:04.379 For if you were granted your wish for death, you would attain rest and success by being in the presence of Allah. 00:03:05.020 --> 00:03:09.259 But if you are not granted it, people will know that you are the liars. 00:03:09.819 --> 00:03:14.780 And that we are the truthful ones in our claim, and thus our affair and yours will be laid bare. 00:03:15.759 --> 00:03:28.400 “But they will never long for it, because of that which their own hands have sent before them. Allah is aware of evil-doers.” (2:95) 00:03:29.419 --> 00:03:32.219 But the Jews will never wish for death. 00:03:32.780 --> 00:03:35.500 Because of what they have sent forth of their disbelief in Allah. 00:03:35.979 --> 00:03:41.819 In their opposition to His command and their refusal to obey Him by following Muhammad, peace be upon him. 00:03:42.300 --> 00:03:44.139 And their denial of his prophethood. 00:03:44.620 --> 00:03:48.699 Allah is All-Knowing of the wrongdoers among the children of Adam and what they do. 00:03:49.819 --> 00:03:58.699 “And thou wilt find them greediest of mankind for life and (greedier) than the idolaters. (Each) one of them would like to be allowed to live a thousand years. And to live (a thousand years) would be no means remove him from the doom. Allah is Seer of what they do.” (2:96) 00:03:59.180 --> 00:04:08.620 “And thou wilt find them greediest of mankind for life and (greedier) than the idolaters. (Each) one of them would like to be allowed to live a thousand years. And to live (a thousand years) would be no means remove him from the doom. Allah is Seer of what they do.” (2:96) 00:04:09.180 --> 00:04:15.819 “And thou wilt find them greediest of mankind for life and (greedier) than the idolaters. (Each) one of them would like to be allowed to live a thousand years. And to live (a thousand years) would be no means remove him from the doom. Allah is Seer of what they do.” (2:96) 00:04:16.620 --> 00:04:21.899 And Allah is All-Seeing of what they do. 00:04:23.209 --> 00:04:29.930 O Muhammad, you will surely find the Jews to be the most eager of all people for life in this world. 00:04:30.569 --> 00:04:36.970 They are even more eager than the polytheists, each of whom wishes he could live a thousand years. 00:04:37.689 --> 00:04:42.730 Yet such longevity and extended life will not distance them from, nor save them from, the punishment of Allah. 00:04:43.370 --> 00:04:47.769 For life must inevitably come to an end, and its ultimate destination is to Allah. 00:04:48.490 --> 00:04:54.250 Allah is All-Seeing of what they do; nothing of their deeds is hidden from Him. 00:04:54.970 --> 00:05:01.129 Rather, He encompasses all of them and preserves them until He makes them taste the punishment for them. 00:05:01.850 --> 00:05:11.610 “Say (O Muhammad, to mankind): Who is an enemy to Gabriel! For he it is who hath revealed (this Scripture) to thy heart by Allah's leave, confirming that which was (revealed) before it, and a guidance and glad tidings to believers;” (2:97) 00:05:12.170 --> 00:05:21.529 “Say (O Muhammad, to mankind): Who is an enemy to Gabriel! For he it is who hath revealed (this Scripture) to thy heart by Allah's leave, confirming that which was (revealed) before it, and a guidance and glad tidings to believers;” (2:97) 00:05:22.009 --> 00:05:27.529 And as guidance and glad tidings for the believers. 00:05:28.300 --> 00:05:32.860 Say, O Muhammad: "Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel," 00:05:33.500 --> 00:05:37.660 And denies that he is the bearer of Allah’s revelation to His prophets, 00:05:38.379 --> 00:05:40.939 "Then I am a friend and intimate of Gabriel." 00:05:41.579 --> 00:05:46.139 And I affirm that he is the bearer of revelation to His prophets and messengers. 00:05:46.860 --> 00:05:51.899 And that it is he who brings down the revelation of Allah upon my heart by the permission of my Lord. 00:05:52.540 --> 00:05:55.819 Confirming what was revealed of the scriptures of Allah before it. 00:05:56.300 --> 00:05:59.019 And its meanings are in agreement with their meanings. 00:05:59.500 --> 00:06:04.060 And it is a proof, a demonstration, and glad tidings that he brings to the believers. 00:06:05.230 --> 00:06:22.029 “Who is an enemy to Allah, and His angels and His messengers, and Gabriel and Michael! Then, lo! Allah (Himself) is an enemy to the disbelievers.” (2:98) 00:06:23.310 --> 00:06:27.550 Whoever is an enemy to Allah, and an enemy to all His angels and messengers, 00:06:27.870 --> 00:06:33.389 And an enemy to Gabriel and Michael, then Allah is an enemy to the disbelievers. 00:06:33.949 --> 00:06:36.910 For they are the allies of Allah and the people of His obedience. 00:06:37.550 --> 00:06:43.389 Whoever is an enemy to an ally of Allah has declared war on Allah and challenged Him. 00:06:43.949 --> 00:06:46.670 Thus, the enemy of Allah is an enemy to His allies. 00:06:47.230 --> 00:06:50.350 And the enemy of the allies of Allah is an enemy to Him. 00:06:51.230 --> 00:06:56.829 “Verily We have revealed unto thee clear tokens, and only miscreants will disbelieve in them.” (2:99) 00:06:57.389 --> 00:07:01.230 “Verily We have revealed unto thee clear tokens, and only miscreants will disbelieve in them.” (2:99) 00:07:02.360 --> 00:07:08.199 We have revealed to you, within what We have sent down of the Book, clear signs. 00:07:08.839 --> 00:07:12.199 Which clarify to the scholars and rabbis of the Children of Israel, 00:07:12.680 --> 00:07:16.360 Who deny your prophethood and reject your message, 00:07:16.920 --> 00:07:20.360 That you are indeed a messenger sent to them and a prophet commissioned. 00:07:21.079 --> 00:07:25.560 None rejects those signs except those who have departed from their religion. 00:07:26.759 --> 00:07:33.800 “Is it ever so that when they make a covenant a party of them set it aside? The truth is, most of them believe not.” (2:100) 00:07:34.279 --> 00:07:38.360 “Is it ever so that when they make a covenant a party of them set it aside? The truth is, most of them believe not.” (2:100) 00:07:39.399 --> 00:07:45.720 Or every time the Jews of the Children of Israel made a covenant with their Lord and bound it with a solemn oath, 00:07:46.199 --> 00:07:50.439 A faction of them would abandon and reject it, while another would not. 00:07:50.920 --> 00:07:57.399 But those who break it and disbelieve in Allah are the majority, not the few. 00:07:58.699 --> 00:08:08.540 “And when there cometh unto them a messenger from Allah, confirming that which they possess, a party of those who have received the Scripture fling the Scripture of Allah behind their backs as if they knew not,” (2:101) 00:08:09.019 --> 00:08:20.060 “And when there cometh unto them a messenger from Allah, confirming that which they possess, a party of those who have received the Scripture fling the Scripture of Allah behind their backs as if they knew not,” (2:101) 00:08:20.459 --> 00:08:32.460 “And when there cometh unto them a messenger from Allah, confirming that which they possess, a party of those who have received the Scripture fling the Scripture of Allah behind their backs as if they knew not,” (2:101) 00:08:33.679 --> 00:08:40.960 When the rabbis and scholars of the Jews from the Children of Israel came to Muhammad, peace be upon him, 00:08:41.600 --> 00:08:44.799 [He came] to confirm the Torah, and the Torah confirms him, 00:08:45.360 --> 00:08:48.960 In that he is a prophet sent by Allah to His creation. 00:08:49.440 --> 00:08:54.159 The Jewish scholars, to whom Allah had given knowledge of the Torah, denied it. 00:08:54.480 --> 00:08:56.799 And they cast it behind their backs. 00:08:57.360 --> 00:09:02.000 It is as if these Jewish scholars who cast aside the Book of Allah, 00:09:02.480 --> 00:09:09.440 Do not know what is in the Torah regarding the command to follow Muhammad, peace be upon him, and to believe in him. 00:09:10.509 --> 00:09:16.429 And they followed what the devils recited during the reign of Solomon. 00:09:16.830 --> 00:09:26.669 “And follow that which the devils falsely related against the kingdom of Solomon. Solomon disbelieved not; but the devils disbelieved, teaching mankind magic and that which was revealed to the two angels in Babel, Harut and Marut. Nor did they (the two angels) teach it to anyone till they had said: We are only a temptation, therefore disbelieve not (in the guidance of Allah). And from these two (angles) people learn that by which they cause division between man and wife; but they injure thereby no-one save by Allah's leave. And they learn that which harmeth them and profiteth them not. And surely they do know that he who trafficketh therein will have no (happy) portion in the Hereafter; and surely evil is the price for which they sell their souls, if they but knew.” (2:102) 00:09:27.230 --> 00:09:36.909 “And follow that which the devils falsely related against the kingdom of Solomon. Solomon disbelieved not; but the devils disbelieved, teaching mankind magic and that which was revealed to the two angels in Babel, Harut and Marut. Nor did they (the two angels) teach it to anyone till they had said: We are only a temptation, therefore disbelieve not (in the guidance of Allah). And from these two (angles) people learn that by which they cause division between man and wife; but they injure thereby no-one save by Allah's leave. And they learn that which harmeth them and profiteth them not. And surely they do know that he who trafficketh therein will have no (happy) portion in the Hereafter; and surely evil is the price for which they sell their souls, if they but knew.” (2:102) 00:09:37.309 --> 00:09:46.509 And they [the two angels] do not teach anyone until they say, "We are but a trial, so do not disbelieve." 00:09:46.990 --> 00:09:53.629 “And follow that which the devils falsely related against the kingdom of Solomon. Solomon disbelieved not; but the devils disbelieved, teaching mankind magic and that which was revealed to the two angels in Babel, Harut and Marut. Nor did they (the two angels) teach it to anyone till they had said: We are only a temptation, therefore disbelieve not (in the guidance of Allah). And from these two (angles) people learn that by which they cause division between man and wife; but they injure thereby no-one save by Allah's leave. And they learn that which harmeth them and profiteth them not. And surely they do know that he who trafficketh therein will have no (happy) portion in the Hereafter; and surely evil is the price for which they sell their souls, if they but knew.” (2:102) 00:09:54.110 --> 00:10:03.710 “And follow that which the devils falsely related against the kingdom of Solomon. Solomon disbelieved not; but the devils disbelieved, teaching mankind magic and that which was revealed to the two angels in Babel, Harut and Marut. Nor did they (the two angels) teach it to anyone till they had said: We are only a temptation, therefore disbelieve not (in the guidance of Allah). And from these two (angles) people learn that by which they cause division between man and wife; but they injure thereby no-one save by Allah's leave. And they learn that which harmeth them and profiteth them not. And surely they do know that he who trafficketh therein will have no (happy) portion in the Hereafter; and surely evil is the price for which they sell their souls, if they but knew.” (2:102) 00:10:04.110 --> 00:10:09.629 “And follow that which the devils falsely related against the kingdom of Solomon. Solomon disbelieved not; but the devils disbelieved, teaching mankind magic and that which was revealed to the two angels in Babel, Harut and Marut. Nor did they (the two angels) teach it to anyone till they had said: We are only a temptation, therefore disbelieve not (in the guidance of Allah). And from these two (angles) people learn that by which they cause division between man and wife; but they injure thereby no-one save by Allah's leave. And they learn that which harmeth them and profiteth them not. And surely they do know that he who trafficketh therein will have no (happy) portion in the Hereafter; and surely evil is the price for which they sell their souls, if they but knew.” (2:102) 00:10:10.110 --> 00:10:16.830 “And follow that which the devils falsely related against the kingdom of Solomon. Solomon disbelieved not; but the devils disbelieved, teaching mankind magic and that which was revealed to the two angels in Babel, Harut and Marut. Nor did they (the two angels) teach it to anyone till they had said: We are only a temptation, therefore disbelieve not (in the guidance of Allah). And from these two (angles) people learn that by which they cause division between man and wife; but they injure thereby no-one save by Allah's leave. And they learn that which harmeth them and profiteth them not. And surely they do know that he who trafficketh therein will have no (happy) portion in the Hereafter; and surely evil is the price for which they sell their souls, if they but knew.” (2:102) 00:10:17.389 --> 00:10:25.870 “And follow that which the devils falsely related against the kingdom of Solomon. Solomon disbelieved not; but the devils disbelieved, teaching mankind magic and that which was revealed to the two angels in Babel, Harut and Marut. Nor did they (the two angels) teach it to anyone till they had said: We are only a temptation, therefore disbelieve not (in the guidance of Allah). And from these two (angles) people learn that by which they cause division between man and wife; but they injure thereby no-one save by Allah's leave. And they learn that which harmeth them and profiteth them not. And surely they do know that he who trafficketh therein will have no (happy) portion in the Hereafter; and surely evil is the price for which they sell their souls, if they but knew.” (2:102) 00:10:26.970 --> 00:10:34.490 A faction of the Jewish rabbis and scholars followed what the devils recited of magic during the reign of Solomon. 00:10:34.889 --> 00:10:37.769 And they attributed it to Solomon ibn Dawud. 00:10:38.169 --> 00:10:41.450 And they claimed that magic was from his knowledge and his transmission. 00:10:41.850 --> 00:10:48.649 And that he used to subjugate humans, jinn, devils, and all of Allah’s creation through magic. 00:10:49.129 --> 00:10:52.250 But Solomon did not disbelieve by practicing magic. 00:10:52.649 --> 00:10:56.090 Nor was it by his counsel or his consent. 00:10:56.570 --> 00:11:01.450 Rather, it was something the devils fabricated without his knowledge, and thus they disbelieved in Allah. 00:11:02.009 --> 00:11:08.009 And the Jews followed what was revealed of magic to the two angels in a village called Babylon. 00:11:08.570 --> 00:11:11.210 The two angels were Harut and Marut. 00:11:11.690 --> 00:11:14.250 They were two of Allah’s angels. 00:11:14.730 --> 00:11:18.090 Allah made them a trial for His servants among the children of Adam. 00:11:18.570 --> 00:11:25.129 To test His servants through them, whom He had forbidden from causing separation between a man and his wife and from practicing magic. 00:11:25.610 --> 00:11:29.049 Thus, the believer is purified by refraining from learning from them. 00:11:29.610 --> 00:11:33.610 And the disbeliever is disgraced by learning magic and disbelief from them. 00:11:34.250 --> 00:11:38.730 The two angels would not teach anyone until they said to him, 00:11:39.289 --> 00:11:42.730 "We are but a trial and a test for the children of Adam." 00:11:43.049 --> 00:11:44.570 "So do not disbelieve in your Lord." 00:11:45.210 --> 00:11:47.610 Yet they would refuse to accept that from them. 00:11:48.009 --> 00:11:53.210 And they would learn from the two angels that by which they could separate a man from his wife. 00:11:53.929 --> 00:11:59.129 And those who learned from the two angels that by which they could separate a man from his wife, 00:11:59.610 --> 00:12:03.450 Were not harming anyone with what they learned, 00:12:03.929 --> 00:12:07.610 Except by the permission of Allah, who has decreed that it would harm them. 00:12:08.330 --> 00:12:13.049 As for those whom Allah protected from its harm and guarded against the evil of magic, 00:12:13.610 --> 00:12:17.610 Then it would not harm them nor reach them with any affliction. 00:12:18.250 --> 00:12:21.129 And the people who learn from the two angels, 00:12:21.610 --> 00:12:25.049 Are only learning that which harms them in their religion. 00:12:25.450 --> 00:12:27.690 And does not benefit them in their Hereafter. 00:12:28.250 --> 00:12:32.970 The People of the Book, who cast My Book behind their backs, knew, 00:12:33.450 --> 00:12:35.929 And who preferred following magic over it, 00:12:36.409 --> 00:12:40.730 That whoever purchases magic and prefers it over the Book that I have revealed, 00:12:41.289 --> 00:12:44.730 That he has no share of Paradise in the Hereafter. 00:12:45.370 --> 00:12:48.889 And wretched is the price for which they sold their souls by learning magic. 00:12:49.370 --> 00:12:52.090 If only they knew the evil of its consequence. 00:12:53.129 --> 00:13:02.090 “And if they had believed and kept from evil, a recompense from Allah would be better, if they only knew.” (2:103) 00:13:02.649 --> 00:13:06.250 If only they knew. 00:13:07.789 --> 00:13:13.789 And if those who learn from the two angels that by which they separate a man from his wife, 00:13:14.350 --> 00:13:16.830 Had believed and affirmed Allah and His Messenger, 00:13:17.149 --> 00:13:19.870 And feared their Lord and dreaded His punishment, 00:13:20.350 --> 00:13:23.549 Then the reward from Allah would have been better for them than magic. 00:13:24.029 --> 00:13:27.950 If only they knew that the reward of Allah is better for them. 00:13:28.960 --> 00:13:37.200 “O ye who believe, say not (unto the Prophet): "Listen to us" but say "Look upon us," and be ye listeners. For disbelievers is a painful doom.” (2:104) 00:13:37.600 --> 00:13:41.759 And for the disbelievers is a painful punishment. 00:13:42.960 --> 00:13:46.720 “O ye who believe, say not (unto the Prophet): "Listen to us" but say "Look upon us," and be ye listeners. For disbelievers is a painful doom.” (2:104) 00:13:47.200 --> 00:13:53.600 Because it is possible that its meaning is "Protect us and we will protect you," or "Watch over us and we will watch over you." 00:13:54.080 --> 00:13:57.919 And it is possible that its meaning is "Listen to us." 00:13:58.559 --> 00:14:02.480 For in it there is harshness, sternness, rudeness, and severity. 00:14:03.120 --> 00:14:08.879 And that contradicts the command to revere His Prophet, peace be upon him, and to honor him. 00:14:09.519 --> 00:14:14.320 And say, O believers, to your Prophet, peace be upon him: 00:14:14.799 --> 00:14:20.240 "Wait for us and watch over us, so that we may understand and discern what you say to us and teach us." 00:14:20.720 --> 00:14:27.039 And listen to what is said to you and recited to you from the Book of your Lord, and heed it and understand it. 00:14:27.600 --> 00:14:31.519 And for those who disbelieve in Me and My Messenger is a painful punishment. 00:14:32.360 --> 00:14:38.039 “Neither those who disbelieve among the people of the Scripture nor the idolaters love that there should be sent down unto you any good thing from your Lord. But Allah chooseth for His mercy whom He will, and Allah is of Infinite Bounty.” (2:105) 00:14:38.039 --> 00:14:48.600 That there should be sent down upon you any good from your Lord. 00:14:49.080 --> 00:14:55.399 “Neither those who disbelieve among the people of the Scripture nor the idolaters love that there should be sent down unto you any good thing from your Lord. But Allah chooseth for His mercy whom He will, and Allah is of Infinite Bounty.” (2:105) 00:14:55.919 --> 00:14:59.120 And Allah is the possessor of great bounty. 00:15:00.080 --> 00:15:02.879 The disbelievers among the People of the Book do not like, 00:15:03.360 --> 00:15:06.559 Nor the polytheists among the idolaters, 00:15:06.799 --> 00:15:10.480 That any good should be sent down to you from what is with Allah. 00:15:11.120 --> 00:15:15.039 But Allah singles out for His prophethood and His message whom He wills. 00:15:15.519 --> 00:15:18.240 And He sends it to whom He wills of His creation. 00:15:18.799 --> 00:15:22.960 And He bestows faith upon whom He loves, and thus He guides them to it. 00:15:23.600 --> 00:15:27.519 And Allah is the possessor of bounty toward His creation; His bounty is great. 00:15:28.159 --> 00:15:30.320 And every good that He grants His servants, 00:15:30.799 --> 00:15:34.879 Is from Him, by His initiation and His grace upon them, 00:15:34.879 --> 00:15:38.240 Without any merit on their part for it.