1 00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,540 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 2 00:00:03,540 --> 00:00:06,459 Ifadah Center 3 00:00:06,459 --> 00:00:09,619 for Human Studies and Research 4 00:00:09,619 --> 00:00:11,939 presents: 5 00:00:11,939 --> 00:00:16,300 Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 6 00:00:16,300 --> 00:00:22,170 Chapter: Straightening the Rows upon the Iqamah and After It. 7 00:00:22,170 --> 00:00:26,129 On the authority of al-Nu'man ibn Bashir, who said: 8 00:00:26,129 --> 00:00:29,530 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 9 00:00:29,530 --> 00:00:32,170 "You shall surely straighten your rows, 10 00:00:32,289 --> 00:00:36,170 or Allah will surely cause discord to arise between your faces." 11 00:00:36,170 --> 00:00:40,520 Commentary on the Hadith: 12 00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:43,000 "You shall surely straighten your rows": 13 00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:44,679 Straightening the rows 14 00:00:44,679 --> 00:00:48,679 means that those standing in them align evenly along a single line; 15 00:00:48,679 --> 00:00:50,640 it also means 16 00:00:50,640 --> 00:00:53,710 filling any gaps found in the row. 17 00:00:53,710 --> 00:00:57,270 "Or Allah will surely cause discord to arise between your faces": 18 00:00:57,270 --> 00:01:00,630 This is a threat of punishment directed at those who do not straighten the rows, 19 00:01:00,630 --> 00:01:03,350 imposing a penalty of the same nature as their offense, 20 00:01:03,350 --> 00:01:06,900 owing to their physical discrepancy in standing. 21 00:01:06,900 --> 00:01:10,379 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 22 00:01:10,379 --> 00:01:12,579 It is derived from the hadith 23 00:01:12,579 --> 00:01:17,500 that the imam should diligently see to it that the people straighten their rows, 24 00:01:17,500 --> 00:01:21,180 and the people themselves should attend to doing so. 25 00:01:21,180 --> 00:01:24,620 It also indicates that the recompense is of the same nature as the deed. 26 00:01:24,620 --> 00:01:30,700 It further indicates the possibility of physical metamorphosis occurring as a punishment. 27 00:01:30,700 --> 00:01:33,459 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik, who said: 28 00:01:33,459 --> 00:01:35,540 The prayer was called with the iqamah, 29 00:01:35,700 --> 00:01:40,459 so the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, turned his face toward us 30 00:01:40,459 --> 00:01:45,459 and said, "Straighten your rows and stand shoulder-to-shoulder, 31 00:01:45,459 --> 00:01:49,829 for indeed I see you from behind my back." 32 00:01:49,829 --> 00:01:53,280 Commentary on the Hadith: 33 00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:56,120 "Straighten," that is, align them evenly; 34 00:01:56,120 --> 00:02:00,319 "and stand shoulder-to-shoulder," that is, draw close and press together, 35 00:02:00,319 --> 00:02:04,260 so that the space between you is continuous and unbroken. 36 00:02:04,299 --> 00:02:07,859 Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, explained it by saying: 37 00:02:07,859 --> 00:02:12,139 "Each of us would join his shoulder to his companion's shoulder, 38 00:02:12,139 --> 00:02:14,740 and his foot to his foot." 39 00:02:14,740 --> 00:02:17,939 "For indeed I see you from behind my back": 40 00:02:17,939 --> 00:02:23,020 This was one of the unique characteristics of the Prophet, peace be upon him. 41 00:02:23,020 --> 00:02:26,460 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 42 00:02:26,460 --> 00:02:28,539 It is derived from the hadith 43 00:02:28,539 --> 00:02:33,120 that it is permissible to speak between the iqamah and entering the prayer; 44 00:02:33,159 --> 00:02:37,879 it establishes the prescribed nature of enjoining good and forbidding wrong; 45 00:02:37,879 --> 00:02:42,560 that if an imam notices someone falling short in religious duties, 46 00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:46,189 he should urge him toward that which brings immense reward; 47 00:02:46,189 --> 00:02:50,750 and it demonstrates that among his unique characteristics, peace be upon him, 48 00:02:50,750 --> 00:02:55,500 was that he could see those behind him. 49 00:02:55,500 --> 00:02:56,620 Chapter: 50 00:02:56,620 --> 00:03:01,000 Straightening the Row is Part of the Completeness of Prayer. 51 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:02,639 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 52 00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:07,400 that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 53 00:03:07,400 --> 00:03:10,879 "The imam is appointed only to be followed, 54 00:03:10,879 --> 00:03:13,490 so do not differ from him." 55 00:03:13,490 --> 00:03:15,050 In another narration: 56 00:03:15,050 --> 00:03:17,969 "When he says the takbir, say the takbir; 57 00:03:17,969 --> 00:03:20,530 when he bows, bow; 58 00:03:20,530 --> 00:03:22,050 and when he says, 59 00:03:22,050 --> 00:03:24,610 'Allah hears whoever praises Him,' 60 00:03:24,610 --> 00:03:25,930 say, 61 00:03:25,930 --> 00:03:28,370 'Our Lord, to You belongs all praise.' 62 00:03:28,370 --> 00:03:31,169 When he prostrates, prostrate; 63 00:03:31,169 --> 00:03:33,569 and if he prays sitting, 64 00:03:33,569 --> 00:03:36,689 pray sitting, all of you. 65 00:03:36,689 --> 00:03:39,449 And straighten the row in prayer, 66 00:03:39,449 --> 00:03:44,069 for straightening the row is part of the excellence of prayer." 67 00:03:44,069 --> 00:03:45,990 And on the authority of Anas ibn Malik, 68 00:03:45,990 --> 00:03:50,069 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said: 69 00:03:50,069 --> 00:03:52,469 "Straighten your rows, 70 00:03:52,469 --> 00:03:57,620 for straightening the rows is part of establishing the prayer." 71 00:03:57,620 --> 00:04:01,039 Commentary on the Hadith: 72 00:04:01,039 --> 00:04:02,639 "To be followed": 73 00:04:02,639 --> 00:04:05,360 that is, to be taken as a model and complied with, 74 00:04:05,360 --> 00:04:08,400 such that he is neither preceded nor moved in exact unison with. 75 00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:10,560 "So do not differ from him": 76 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:12,639 that is, do not oppose your imam 77 00:04:12,639 --> 00:04:15,199 in the sayings and actions of the prayer, 78 00:04:15,199 --> 00:04:17,990 but rather remain compliant followers of his. 79 00:04:17,990 --> 00:04:19,910 "Part of the excellence of prayer": 80 00:04:19,910 --> 00:04:23,110 The excellence of a thing is an addition to its mere completeness, 81 00:04:23,110 --> 00:04:26,420 representing something beyond bare obligation. 82 00:04:26,420 --> 00:04:28,579 "Part of establishing the prayer": 83 00:04:28,579 --> 00:04:32,610 that is, part of the sound and perfect establishment of the prayer. 84 00:04:32,649 --> 00:04:36,230 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 85 00:04:36,230 --> 00:04:38,550 The hadith proves that the follower 86 00:04:38,550 --> 00:04:42,310 must not precede the imam in bowing or prostration; 87 00:04:42,310 --> 00:04:45,750 whoever precedes his imam in either of them and does not follow him, 88 00:04:45,750 --> 00:04:47,740 his prayer is invalidated. 89 00:04:47,740 --> 00:04:49,579 It also indicates that the congregant 90 00:04:49,579 --> 00:04:52,139 must attentively watch the imam's actions and sayings 91 00:04:52,139 --> 00:04:53,930 in order to follow him properly. 92 00:04:53,930 --> 00:04:56,089 It shows that the legally responsible person 93 00:04:56,089 --> 00:04:59,009 should enhance his prayer by observing its Sunnah acts 94 00:04:59,009 --> 00:05:03,250 and whatever completes it. 95 00:05:03,290 --> 00:05:07,569 Chapter: The Sin of One Who Does Not Complete the Rows. 96 00:05:07,569 --> 00:05:09,490 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik, 97 00:05:09,490 --> 00:05:11,730 who arrived in Medina, 98 00:05:11,730 --> 00:05:13,290 and it was said to him: 99 00:05:13,290 --> 00:05:19,790 "What fault have you found with us since the days you knew the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him?" 100 00:05:19,790 --> 00:05:21,029 He said: 101 00:05:21,029 --> 00:05:23,110 "I have found nothing amiss, 102 00:05:23,110 --> 00:05:27,569 except that you do not straighten the rows." 103 00:05:27,569 --> 00:05:30,879 Commentary on the Hadith: 104 00:05:30,879 --> 00:05:32,279 "The days you knew": 105 00:05:32,279 --> 00:05:35,360 refers to the era of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 106 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:40,470 meaning his lifetime and period, peace be upon him. 107 00:05:40,470 --> 00:05:43,980 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 108 00:05:43,980 --> 00:05:46,019 It is derived from the hadith 109 00:05:46,019 --> 00:05:50,139 that the Tabi'un were eager to acquire beneficial knowledge; 110 00:05:50,139 --> 00:05:53,379 that asking questions is the key to knowledge; 111 00:05:53,379 --> 00:05:56,300 and that whoever fails to straighten the rows 112 00:05:56,300 --> 00:05:58,259 is not required to repeat the prayer, 113 00:05:58,259 --> 00:06:00,300 because Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, 114 00:06:00,300 --> 00:06:02,930 did not command them to repeat it. 115 00:06:02,970 --> 00:06:07,050 It also indicates that the era of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 116 00:06:07,050 --> 00:06:12,230 is the ultimate standard for correctness and merit. 117 00:06:12,230 --> 00:06:18,449 Chapter: When There Is a Wall or Barrier Between the Imam and the People. 118 00:06:18,449 --> 00:06:20,730 On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said: 119 00:06:20,730 --> 00:06:26,889 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to pray at night in his room, 120 00:06:26,889 --> 00:06:29,750 and the wall of the room was low, 121 00:06:29,750 --> 00:06:34,430 so the people could see the silhouette of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 122 00:06:34,470 --> 00:06:38,029 Some people stood up and began praying along with his prayer, 123 00:06:38,029 --> 00:06:41,649 and in the morning they talked about it. 124 00:06:41,649 --> 00:06:44,129 Then he stood to pray the second night, 125 00:06:44,129 --> 00:06:48,170 and people again stood with him, praying along with his prayer. 126 00:06:48,170 --> 00:06:52,019 They did that for two or three nights, 127 00:06:52,019 --> 00:06:54,819 until on a subsequent night, 128 00:06:54,819 --> 00:07:00,060 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sat down and did not come out. 129 00:07:00,060 --> 00:07:03,980 When morning came, the people mentioned that to him, 130 00:07:03,980 --> 00:07:05,459 so he said: 131 00:07:05,459 --> 00:07:10,750 "I feared that the night prayer would be made obligatory upon you." 132 00:07:10,750 --> 00:07:14,100 Commentary on the Hadith: 133 00:07:14,100 --> 00:07:15,660 "In his room": 134 00:07:15,660 --> 00:07:19,540 The room is a partitioned section of the house. 135 00:07:19,540 --> 00:07:23,060 "The silhouette of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him": 136 00:07:23,060 --> 00:07:27,339 "Silhouette" refers to the dark outline of a person seen from afar; 137 00:07:27,339 --> 00:07:29,980 it was phrased using this term 138 00:07:29,980 --> 00:07:32,420 because it took place at night, 139 00:07:32,420 --> 00:07:36,579 and they could discern nothing of him except his dark outline. 140 00:07:36,579 --> 00:07:38,579 "Praying along with his prayer": 141 00:07:38,579 --> 00:07:40,990 that is, following him in it. 142 00:07:40,990 --> 00:07:42,509 "He did not come out": 143 00:07:42,509 --> 00:07:47,389 meaning, to the customary spot where he had prayed during those previous nights, 144 00:07:47,389 --> 00:07:49,680 and thus they could not see his silhouette. 145 00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:51,439 "Would be made obligatory upon you": 146 00:07:51,439 --> 00:07:54,459 meaning, prescribed as an obligation for you. 147 00:07:54,459 --> 00:07:58,019 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 148 00:07:58,019 --> 00:08:00,300 It is derived from the hadith 149 00:08:00,339 --> 00:08:05,500 that it is permissible to follow an imam who did not intend to lead that specific prayer, 150 00:08:05,500 --> 00:08:10,980 since the people followed him, peace be upon him, from behind the wall 151 00:08:10,980 --> 00:08:14,730 without him having formed the intention with them to act as imam. 152 00:08:14,730 --> 00:08:18,170 It also shows that performing voluntary prayers at home is superior; 153 00:08:18,170 --> 00:08:21,610 it demonstrates the permissibility of praying voluntary prayers in congregation; 154 00:08:21,610 --> 00:08:27,839 it highlights the Prophet's complete compassion toward his Ummah, peace be upon him; 155 00:08:27,839 --> 00:08:35,000 it illustrates the Companions' eagerness to emulate the actions and states of the Prophet, peace be upon him; 156 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:38,960 it indicates that clarification must not be delayed beyond the time of need; 157 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:47,379 and it shows that the more critical matter should be prioritized when a benefit clashes with the fear of harm. 158 00:08:47,379 --> 00:08:50,299 Chapter: The Night Prayer. 159 00:08:50,299 --> 00:08:53,139 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her: 160 00:08:53,139 --> 00:08:58,779 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to partition off a mat at night, 161 00:08:58,779 --> 00:09:04,710 praying upon it, and spread it out by day to sit on it. 162 00:09:04,710 --> 00:09:09,509 People then began gathering around the Prophet, peace be upon him, 163 00:09:09,509 --> 00:09:13,629 praying along with his prayer, until they grew numerous. 164 00:09:13,629 --> 00:09:15,710 He turned toward them and said: 165 00:09:15,710 --> 00:09:21,149 "O people, take on only those deeds which you are capable of performing, 166 00:09:21,149 --> 00:09:25,149 for Allah does not grow weary until you grow weary. 167 00:09:25,149 --> 00:09:27,830 Indeed, the most beloved of deeds to Allah 168 00:09:27,830 --> 00:09:31,240 are those that are most consistent, even if they are few." 169 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:34,519 Commentary on the Hadith: 170 00:09:34,519 --> 00:09:39,350 "Used to" is a phrasing denoting permanence and continuity. 171 00:09:39,350 --> 00:09:40,669 "Partition off": 172 00:09:40,669 --> 00:09:44,860 that is, he fashioned it like an enclosure to pray inside. 173 00:09:44,860 --> 00:09:46,220 "Gathering around": 174 00:09:46,220 --> 00:09:48,139 meaning, assembling together. 175 00:09:48,139 --> 00:09:49,820 "Which you are capable of performing": 176 00:09:49,820 --> 00:09:52,570 that is, what you have the capacity to carry out. 177 00:09:52,570 --> 00:09:54,330 "Until you grow weary": 178 00:09:54,330 --> 00:09:56,409 meaning, until you become fatigued and bored. 179 00:09:56,409 --> 00:09:57,490 Weariness: 180 00:09:57,529 --> 00:10:00,769 abandoning an act out of finding it burdensome and distasteful, 181 00:10:00,769 --> 00:10:03,779 after having initially had keenness and love for it. 182 00:10:03,779 --> 00:10:07,149 "Most consistent": meaning, sustained over time. 183 00:10:07,149 --> 00:10:10,590 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 184 00:10:10,590 --> 00:10:12,590 It is derived from the hadith 185 00:10:12,590 --> 00:10:16,789 that a small, consistent deed is better than a copious, interrupted one, 186 00:10:16,789 --> 00:10:21,299 because with the continuity of a small deed, obedience endures and bears fruit. 187 00:10:21,299 --> 00:10:27,019 It also shows the permissibility of following someone who did not intend to lead that prayer, 188 00:10:27,019 --> 00:10:29,980 as well as the permissibility of offering voluntary prayers in congregation. 189 00:10:29,980 --> 00:10:34,860 It illustrates his compassion and gentleness, peace be upon him, 190 00:10:34,860 --> 00:10:37,659 as he guided them to what was in their best interest, 191 00:10:37,659 --> 00:10:41,990 which is what they can consistently maintain without hardship. 192 00:10:41,990 --> 00:10:45,629 It also emphasizes restricting oneself to what can be borne in worship, 193 00:10:45,629 --> 00:10:51,440 and avoiding the overexertion of taking on what is unbearable. 194 00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:53,399 On the authority of Zayd ibn Thabit, 195 00:10:53,399 --> 00:10:55,879 that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 196 00:10:55,879 --> 00:10:59,730 made an enclosure out of a mat inside the mosque. 197 00:10:59,730 --> 00:11:01,129 In another narration: 198 00:11:01,129 --> 00:11:03,029 during Ramadan. 199 00:11:03,029 --> 00:11:08,149 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed in it for several nights, 200 00:11:08,149 --> 00:11:10,830 until people gathered behind him. 201 00:11:10,830 --> 00:11:13,509 Then one night they no longer heard his voice, 202 00:11:13,509 --> 00:11:16,309 so they assumed he had gone to sleep. 203 00:11:16,309 --> 00:11:18,669 Some of them began clearing their throats 204 00:11:18,669 --> 00:11:20,830 so that he would come out to them. 205 00:11:20,830 --> 00:11:22,350 In another narration: 206 00:11:22,350 --> 00:11:25,789 They raised their voices and pelted small pebbles at the door, 207 00:11:25,789 --> 00:11:28,629 whereupon he came out to them in anger 208 00:11:28,629 --> 00:11:30,070 and said: 209 00:11:30,070 --> 00:11:33,789 "What I saw of your conduct persisted so much 210 00:11:33,789 --> 00:11:36,990 that I feared it might be made obligatory upon you; 211 00:11:36,990 --> 00:11:40,669 and had it been made obligatory upon you, you would not have been able to maintain it. 212 00:11:40,669 --> 00:11:44,149 Therefore, O people, pray in your homes, 213 00:11:44,149 --> 00:11:47,350 for the best prayer of a person is in his home, 214 00:11:47,350 --> 00:11:50,759 except for the prescribed prayer." 215 00:11:50,759 --> 00:11:54,220 Commentary on the hadith: 216 00:11:54,220 --> 00:11:56,779 "Then one night they no longer heard his voice," 217 00:11:56,779 --> 00:11:59,899 meaning they did not hear him praying. 218 00:11:59,899 --> 00:12:01,580 "And they pelted small pebbles at the door," 219 00:12:01,580 --> 00:12:03,539 meaning they threw pebbles at it, 220 00:12:03,539 --> 00:12:05,299 which are small stones, 221 00:12:05,299 --> 00:12:07,220 to alert him. 222 00:12:07,220 --> 00:12:08,860 "Of your conduct," 223 00:12:08,860 --> 00:12:12,919 referring to your keenness to perform the Tarawih prayer. 224 00:12:12,919 --> 00:12:14,840 "That it might be made obligatory upon you," 225 00:12:14,840 --> 00:12:18,549 meaning that the night vigil of Ramadan might be made an obligation upon you. 226 00:12:18,549 --> 00:12:20,990 "Except for the prescribed prayer": 227 00:12:20,990 --> 00:12:24,669 This exception applies to men, not women, 228 00:12:24,669 --> 00:12:28,370 for their prayer in their homes remains superior. 229 00:12:28,370 --> 00:12:31,779 Benefits derived from the hadith: 230 00:12:31,779 --> 00:12:33,940 From this hadith it is deduced that: 231 00:12:33,940 --> 00:12:39,539 Performing voluntary prayers at home is superior to performing them in mosques; 232 00:12:39,539 --> 00:12:43,210 recitation in the night prayer is done aloud; 233 00:12:43,210 --> 00:12:49,250 it is permissible to follow an imam who did not initially intend to lead that prayer; 234 00:12:49,250 --> 00:12:52,009 voluntary prayers may be offered in congregation; 235 00:12:52,009 --> 00:12:55,450 clearing the throat is permissible when asking permission; 236 00:12:55,450 --> 00:13:00,090 and the hadith illustrates what the Prophet (peace be upon him) possessed 237 00:13:00,090 --> 00:13:02,370 of deep compassion for his Ummah 238 00:13:02,370 --> 00:13:04,690 and consideration for their welfare, 239 00:13:04,690 --> 00:13:08,009 making it obligatory to follow his example in that regard. 240 00:13:08,009 --> 00:13:14,809 The hadith also contains an indication of the obligation of the congregational prayer. 241 00:13:14,809 --> 00:13:15,809 Chapter: 242 00:13:15,809 --> 00:13:18,409 Raising the hands with the opening takbir, 243 00:13:18,409 --> 00:13:21,850 simultaneous with the commencement. 244 00:13:21,889 --> 00:13:26,049 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 245 00:13:26,049 --> 00:13:31,730 "I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) open the prayer with the takbir, 246 00:13:31,730 --> 00:13:34,370 raising his hands as he uttered the takbir 247 00:13:34,370 --> 00:13:37,730 until he brought them level with his shoulders. 248 00:13:37,730 --> 00:13:41,370 When he uttered the takbir for bowing, he did the same; 249 00:13:41,370 --> 00:13:44,730 and when he said, 'Allah hears whoever praises Him,' 250 00:13:44,730 --> 00:13:47,210 he did the same and said, 251 00:13:47,210 --> 00:13:49,850 'Our Lord, and to You belongs all praise.' 252 00:13:49,850 --> 00:13:52,730 But he did not do that when prostrating, 253 00:13:52,730 --> 00:13:57,019 nor when raising his head from prostration." 254 00:13:57,019 --> 00:14:00,259 Commentary on the hadith: 255 00:14:00,259 --> 00:14:05,299 "Raising the hands with the opening takbir, simultaneous with the commencement": 256 00:14:05,299 --> 00:14:08,940 The commencement (iftitah) refers to entering into the prayer. 257 00:14:08,940 --> 00:14:11,419 "He opened the prayer with the takbir," 258 00:14:11,419 --> 00:14:14,409 meaning he began the prayer with the takbir. 259 00:14:14,409 --> 00:14:17,210 "Raising his hands as he uttered the takbir," 260 00:14:17,210 --> 00:14:20,139 meaning he synchronized the raising of the hands with the takbir. 261 00:14:20,179 --> 00:14:23,220 "Until he brought them level with his shoulders": 262 00:14:23,220 --> 00:14:26,940 Being level (hidha') means directly opposite and facing; 263 00:14:26,940 --> 00:14:31,360 the shoulder (mankib) is the joint connecting the upper arm and the shoulder blade. 264 00:14:31,360 --> 00:14:34,720 "When he uttered the takbir for bowing, he did the same," 265 00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:37,799 meaning he raised his hands level with his shoulders. 266 00:14:37,799 --> 00:14:40,240 "Allah hears whoever praises Him," 267 00:14:40,240 --> 00:14:43,769 meaning He answers whoever praises Him and accepts it from him. 268 00:14:43,769 --> 00:14:46,649 "He did not do that when prostrating," 269 00:14:46,649 --> 00:14:50,980 meaning he did not raise his hands when initiating prostration. 270 00:14:50,980 --> 00:14:54,460 Benefits derived from the hadith: 271 00:14:54,460 --> 00:14:56,500 From this hadith it is deduced that: 272 00:14:56,500 --> 00:14:58,659 The opening key of the prayer is the takbir, 273 00:14:58,659 --> 00:15:02,220 and no other expression of exaltation suffices; 274 00:15:02,220 --> 00:15:07,659 it shows the keenness of the Companions to learn the guidance of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 275 00:15:07,659 --> 00:15:10,610 regarding the magnificent pillars of Islam; 276 00:15:10,610 --> 00:15:15,039 the hadith clarifies the positions where the hands are raised in prayer; 277 00:15:15,039 --> 00:15:21,299 and it indicates not raising the hands when going down into prostration or rising from it. 278 00:15:21,299 --> 00:15:23,179 On the authority of Abu Qilabah, 279 00:15:23,179 --> 00:15:25,419 that he saw Malik Ibn al-Huwayrith: 280 00:15:25,419 --> 00:15:28,899 When he prayed, he uttered the takbir and raised his hands; 281 00:15:28,899 --> 00:15:32,419 when he intended to bow, he raised his hands; 282 00:15:32,419 --> 00:15:36,659 and when he raised his head from bowing, he raised his hands; 283 00:15:36,659 --> 00:15:43,009 and he narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to do so. 284 00:15:43,009 --> 00:15:46,360 Commentary on the hadith: 285 00:15:46,399 --> 00:15:51,080 "That the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to do so," 286 00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:54,940 meaning he raised his hands in those positions. 287 00:15:54,940 --> 00:15:58,450 Benefits derived from the hadith: 288 00:15:58,450 --> 00:16:00,409 From this hadith it is deduced that: 289 00:16:00,409 --> 00:16:05,049 The Tabi'un were eager to learn the practical Sunnahs directly from the Companions; 290 00:16:05,049 --> 00:16:11,370 and demonstration through practical action leaves a deeper impression on the mind. 291 00:16:11,370 --> 00:16:15,799 Chapter: Placing the right hand over the left in prayer. 292 00:16:15,799 --> 00:16:18,440 On the authority of Sahl Ibn Sa'd, who said: 293 00:16:18,440 --> 00:16:22,240 "The people were commanded that a man should place his right hand 294 00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:25,980 over his left forearm in prayer." 295 00:16:25,980 --> 00:16:29,450 Benefits derived from the hadith: 296 00:16:29,450 --> 00:16:31,529 From this hadith it is deduced that: 297 00:16:31,529 --> 00:16:34,450 A Companion's statement, "The people were commanded," 298 00:16:34,450 --> 00:16:36,980 carries the ruling of being marfu' (traced back to the Prophet); 299 00:16:36,980 --> 00:16:40,379 and the hadith explains the manner of placing the right hand 300 00:16:40,379 --> 00:16:44,899 over the left in prayer. 301 00:16:44,899 --> 00:16:48,740 Chapter: What to say after the opening takbir. 302 00:16:48,740 --> 00:16:50,539 On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik, 303 00:16:50,539 --> 00:16:53,659 that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 304 00:16:53,659 --> 00:16:57,500 Abu Bakr, and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) 305 00:16:57,500 --> 00:17:03,570 used to open the prayer with "Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds." 306 00:17:03,570 --> 00:17:06,819 Commentary on the hadith: 307 00:17:06,819 --> 00:17:08,819 "They used to open the prayer": 308 00:17:08,819 --> 00:17:12,779 What is meant is that they began their recitation with it. 309 00:17:12,779 --> 00:17:16,319 Benefits derived from the hadith: 310 00:17:16,359 --> 00:17:19,519 The hadith demonstrates the significance of the Sunnah of the two Shaykhs, 311 00:17:19,519 --> 00:17:23,160 Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both); 312 00:17:23,160 --> 00:17:30,440 and it serves as evidence for those who hold that the Basmalah should not be recited aloud in prayer. 313 00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:33,180 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, who said: 314 00:17:33,180 --> 00:17:36,339 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 315 00:17:36,339 --> 00:17:39,380 used to remain silent between the takbir and the recitation 316 00:17:39,380 --> 00:17:41,890 for a brief pause. 317 00:17:41,890 --> 00:17:43,130 So I said: 318 00:17:43,130 --> 00:17:45,970 "May my father and mother be ransomed for you, O Messenger of Allah! 319 00:17:45,970 --> 00:17:50,490 In your silence between the takbir and the recitation, what do you say?" 320 00:17:50,490 --> 00:17:51,690 He said: 321 00:17:51,690 --> 00:17:53,130 "I say: 322 00:17:53,130 --> 00:17:57,210 'O Allah, distance me from my sins 323 00:17:57,210 --> 00:18:01,170 as You have distanced the East from the West. 324 00:18:01,170 --> 00:18:04,089 O Allah, cleanse me of sins 325 00:18:04,089 --> 00:18:08,170 as a white garment is cleansed of filth. 326 00:18:08,170 --> 00:18:13,980 O Allah, wash away my sins with water, snow, and hail.'" 327 00:18:14,019 --> 00:18:17,089 Commentary on the hadith: 328 00:18:17,089 --> 00:18:20,809 The verb "used to" (kana) denotes consistency and regularity. 329 00:18:20,809 --> 00:18:23,490 "Between the takbir and the recitation," 330 00:18:23,490 --> 00:18:27,640 meaning after the opening takbir (takbirat al-ihram) and before the recitation. 331 00:18:27,640 --> 00:18:30,359 "A pause" (iskatah) comes from sukut (silence), 332 00:18:30,359 --> 00:18:32,839 and what is meant is refraining from audible speech, 333 00:18:32,839 --> 00:18:34,920 not absolute silence, 334 00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:38,019 for in his silence he was engaged in remembrance and supplication. 335 00:18:38,019 --> 00:18:41,769 "Brief" (hunayyah) denotes a short period of time. 336 00:18:41,769 --> 00:18:45,369 "O Allah, distance me from my sins": 337 00:18:45,369 --> 00:18:47,410 Distancing here refers to 338 00:18:47,410 --> 00:18:49,250 remitting accountability, 339 00:18:49,250 --> 00:18:52,809 that is, putting them far away so that they cannot harm him. 340 00:18:52,809 --> 00:18:54,210 "Cleanse me": 341 00:18:54,210 --> 00:18:58,769 Cleansing (tanqiyah) means removing sins and obliterating their traces. 342 00:18:58,769 --> 00:19:01,880 "Sins" (khataya) refers to offenses and misdeeds. 343 00:19:01,880 --> 00:19:04,970 "Filth" (danas) refers to dirt or impurity. 344 00:19:04,970 --> 00:19:07,490 "With water, snow, and hail": 345 00:19:07,490 --> 00:19:10,450 An emphatic expression for thorough purification from sins; 346 00:19:10,450 --> 00:19:15,700 and all three are purifying agents sent down from the sky. 347 00:19:15,700 --> 00:19:19,309 Benefits derived from the hadith: 348 00:19:19,309 --> 00:19:21,390 From this hadith it is deduced that: 349 00:19:21,390 --> 00:19:23,630 The opening supplication (du'a' al-istiftah) is prescribed 350 00:19:23,630 --> 00:19:26,549 according to the wording transmitted in the hadith; 351 00:19:26,549 --> 00:19:31,470 it demonstrates the Companions' meticulous attention to the guidance of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 352 00:19:31,470 --> 00:19:34,309 in his movements and pauses; 353 00:19:34,309 --> 00:19:37,390 asking questions is the key to knowledge; 354 00:19:37,390 --> 00:19:41,190 it directs one toward politeness when questioning people of knowledge 355 00:19:41,230 --> 00:19:43,509 in order to extract valuable treasures of understanding; 356 00:19:43,509 --> 00:19:47,509 it is permissible to ransom the Prophet (peace be upon him) 357 00:19:47,509 --> 00:19:49,869 with one's parents, 358 00:19:49,869 --> 00:19:52,309 a matter on which there is scholarly consensus; 359 00:19:52,309 --> 00:19:57,309 the hadith mentions types of purifying agents sent down from heaven, 360 00:19:57,309 --> 00:20:02,019 complete purification being attainable through any of them; 361 00:20:02,019 --> 00:20:04,660 the threefold division of the supplication 362 00:20:04,660 --> 00:20:08,819 likely corresponds to the three dimensions of time: 363 00:20:08,819 --> 00:20:11,220 distancing pertains to the future, 364 00:20:11,220 --> 00:20:13,220 cleansing pertains to the present, 365 00:20:13,220 --> 00:20:15,559 and washing pertains to the past; 366 00:20:15,559 --> 00:20:19,240 and the hadith implies that sins are a spiritual impurity 367 00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:21,480 from which one must be purified, 368 00:20:21,480 --> 00:20:28,079 quenching the burning sensation they cause within the heart. 369 00:20:28,079 --> 00:20:29,599 Chapter: 370 00:20:29,599 --> 00:20:34,200 On the authority of Asma' bint Abi Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with them both), 371 00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:39,299 that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed the eclipse prayer: 372 00:20:39,299 --> 00:20:42,220 He stood and prolonged his standing; 373 00:20:42,220 --> 00:20:45,299 then he bowed and prolonged his bowing; 374 00:20:45,299 --> 00:20:48,460 then he stood and prolonged his standing; 375 00:20:48,460 --> 00:20:51,500 then he bowed and prolonged his bowing; 376 00:20:51,500 --> 00:20:52,940 then he rose; 377 00:20:52,940 --> 00:20:56,380 then he prostrated and prolonged his prostration; 378 00:20:56,380 --> 00:20:57,900 then he rose; 379 00:20:57,900 --> 00:21:01,140 then he prostrated and prolonged his prostration; 380 00:21:01,140 --> 00:21:04,019 then he stood and prolonged his standing; 381 00:21:04,019 --> 00:21:06,940 then he bowed and prolonged his bowing; 382 00:21:06,940 --> 00:21:09,980 then he rose and prolonged his standing; 383 00:21:09,980 --> 00:21:12,480 then he bowed and prolonged his bowing; 384 00:21:13,059 --> 00:21:14,000 then he rose; 385 00:21:14,599 --> 00:21:16,839 then he prostrated and prolonged his prostration; 386 00:21:17,519 --> 00:21:18,480 then he rose; 387 00:21:19,079 --> 00:21:21,480 then he prostrated and prolonged his prostration; 388 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:23,200 then he concluded the prayer 389 00:21:24,079 --> 00:21:24,799 and said: 390 00:21:25,599 --> 00:21:27,359 "Paradise was brought so close to me 391 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:30,200 that had I dared reach for it, 392 00:21:30,759 --> 00:21:33,720 I would have brought you one of its clusters of fruit; 393 00:21:34,589 --> 00:21:36,150 and the Fire was brought so close to me 394 00:21:36,589 --> 00:21:37,670 that I said: 395 00:21:38,170 --> 00:21:40,289 'O my Lord, am I to be among them?' 396 00:21:41,279 --> 00:21:43,759 There I saw a woman being scratched by a cat, 397 00:21:44,440 --> 00:21:44,960 I asked, 398 00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:46,640 "What is the matter with this cat?" 399 00:21:47,470 --> 00:21:48,069 They replied, 400 00:21:48,630 --> 00:21:51,670 "She confined it until it starved to death: 401 00:21:52,349 --> 00:21:53,710 she neither fed it, 402 00:21:54,269 --> 00:21:58,789 nor let it loose to feed on the vermin of the earth." 403 00:22:00,220 --> 00:22:02,220 Commentary on the hadith: 404 00:22:03,579 --> 00:22:04,420 "Then he finished," 405 00:22:04,940 --> 00:22:05,940 meaning from the prayer. 406 00:22:06,759 --> 00:22:07,519 "It drew near," 407 00:22:07,960 --> 00:22:08,839 meaning it came close. 408 00:22:09,559 --> 00:22:11,079 "I ventured toward it," 409 00:22:11,599 --> 00:22:12,680 meaning I stepped forward. 410 00:22:13,440 --> 00:22:14,200 "A cluster," 411 00:22:14,720 --> 00:22:15,759 meaning a bunch of grapes. 412 00:22:16,559 --> 00:22:18,440 "O Lord, while I am among them?" 413 00:22:19,119 --> 00:22:19,839 The meaning is: 414 00:22:20,240 --> 00:22:22,480 "Would You punish them while I am in their midst?" 415 00:22:23,339 --> 00:22:24,579 "A cat was clawing her," 416 00:22:25,140 --> 00:22:27,220 meaning scratching and wounding her. 417 00:22:28,099 --> 00:22:29,420 "Nor let it loose," 418 00:22:29,940 --> 00:22:33,500 meaning nor did she release the cat to hunt and eat 419 00:22:34,420 --> 00:22:36,619 "from the vermin of the earth," 420 00:22:37,039 --> 00:22:39,880 meaning the earth's insects and creeping creatures. 421 00:22:40,759 --> 00:22:43,039 Benefits of the hadith: 422 00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:45,880 It is derived from the hadith: 423 00:22:46,319 --> 00:22:48,720 An explanation of how the eclipse prayer is performed; 424 00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:51,240 that it is a Sunnah according to the majority of scholars; 425 00:22:51,559 --> 00:22:53,960 that it is offered in congregation in the mosque; 426 00:22:54,519 --> 00:22:58,680 that the hadith serves as proof for the prolonged standing in the eclipse prayer; 427 00:22:59,319 --> 00:23:02,440 that one should hasten to prayer during tribulations; 428 00:23:03,079 --> 00:23:07,559 that Paradise and Hellfire are already created and presently exist, 429 00:23:08,039 --> 00:23:09,960 which is the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah; 430 00:23:10,599 --> 00:23:13,079 the prohibition against torturing animals; 431 00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:15,640 and that a wronged animal 432 00:23:15,920 --> 00:23:18,720 will be given power over its abuser on the Day of Resurrection; 433 00:23:19,400 --> 00:23:24,440 and an indication of the permissibility of owning and keeping a cat. 434 00:23:27,410 --> 00:23:30,210 Chapter: Looking at the Imam during Prayer. 435 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:33,200 On the authority of Abu Ma'mar, who said: 436 00:23:33,759 --> 00:23:35,000 We asked Khabbab, 437 00:23:35,759 --> 00:23:39,000 "Did the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 438 00:23:39,059 --> 00:23:41,059 recite during the Zuhr and 'Asr prayers?" 439 00:23:41,700 --> 00:23:42,660 He replied, "Yes." 440 00:23:43,259 --> 00:23:44,019 We said, 441 00:23:44,500 --> 00:23:46,500 "By what did you recognize that?" 442 00:23:47,259 --> 00:23:47,940 He said, 443 00:23:48,299 --> 00:23:49,900 "By the movement of his beard." 444 00:23:51,140 --> 00:23:53,140 Commentary on the hadith: 445 00:23:54,420 --> 00:23:55,619 "On the authority of Abu Ma'mar": 446 00:23:56,140 --> 00:23:58,140 he is 'Abdullah ibn Sakhbarah. 447 00:23:58,829 --> 00:24:00,829 "By what did you recognize that?" 448 00:24:01,390 --> 00:24:06,589 Meaning: how did you discern his recitation, peace be upon him? 449 00:24:07,380 --> 00:24:08,819 "By the movement of his beard," 450 00:24:09,279 --> 00:24:10,559 meaning by its moving motion. 451 00:24:11,690 --> 00:24:13,690 Benefits of the hadith: 452 00:24:15,069 --> 00:24:16,509 It is derived from the hadith: 453 00:24:17,309 --> 00:24:22,710 A demonstration of the keenness of the Companions and the Tabi'un to emulate the Prophet's guidance, peace be upon him; 454 00:24:23,430 --> 00:24:26,430 the obligation of recitation in the Zuhr and 'Asr prayers; 455 00:24:27,150 --> 00:24:29,670 the legitimacy of relying on contextual indicators (qara'in), 456 00:24:30,309 --> 00:24:34,190 for the movement of the beard during prayer is an indication of recitation; 457 00:24:34,769 --> 00:24:39,769 and that the lips must move during recitation in prayer. 458 00:24:42,589 --> 00:24:45,589 Chapter: Raising One's Gaze to the Sky during Prayer. 459 00:24:46,779 --> 00:24:48,779 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik, who said: 460 00:24:49,500 --> 00:24:52,299 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 461 00:24:52,970 --> 00:24:58,250 "What is the matter with people who raise their eyes to the sky during their prayer?" 462 00:24:58,960 --> 00:25:00,960 His words grew severe regarding that, 463 00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:02,599 until he said: 464 00:25:02,599 --> 00:25:04,599 "They must certainly desist from this, 465 00:25:04,599 --> 00:25:06,599 or else their sight will surely be snatched away." 466 00:25:09,019 --> 00:25:11,019 Commentary on the hadith: 467 00:25:11,019 --> 00:25:13,589 "What is the matter with people?" 468 00:25:13,589 --> 00:25:15,589 Meaning: what is their state and condition? 469 00:25:15,589 --> 00:25:17,720 "His words grew severe regarding that," 470 00:25:17,720 --> 00:25:21,720 meaning the statement of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 471 00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:23,720 concerning raising the gaze to the sky during prayer. 472 00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:27,880 "They must certainly desist from this, 473 00:25:27,880 --> 00:25:29,880 or else their sight will surely be snatched away," 474 00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:31,880 meaning they must either stop raising their gaze 475 00:25:31,880 --> 00:25:33,880 to the sky in prayer, 476 00:25:33,880 --> 00:25:35,880 or their sight will be snatched away; 477 00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:37,880 and the snatching of sight refers to blindness. 478 00:25:40,039 --> 00:25:42,650 Benefits of the hadith: 479 00:25:42,650 --> 00:25:44,650 It is derived from the hadith: 480 00:25:44,650 --> 00:25:46,650 The prohibition against raising one's gaze to the sky during prayer; 481 00:25:48,650 --> 00:25:50,650 that clarification should not be delayed beyond the time of need; 482 00:25:52,650 --> 00:25:54,650 the obligation of enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil; 483 00:25:56,650 --> 00:25:58,650 the propriety of gentleness when rebuking violations, 484 00:25:58,650 --> 00:26:00,650 phrasing them generally, 485 00:26:02,650 --> 00:26:04,650 because public admonition is humiliation. 486 00:26:04,650 --> 00:26:08,630 Chapter: Looking Around during Prayer. 487 00:26:10,630 --> 00:26:13,109 On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said: 488 00:26:13,109 --> 00:26:15,109 I asked the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 489 00:26:17,109 --> 00:26:19,109 about looking around during prayer, 490 00:26:19,109 --> 00:26:21,109 and he said: 491 00:26:21,109 --> 00:26:23,109 "It is a snatching that Satan pilfers 492 00:26:23,109 --> 00:26:25,109 from the servant's prayer." 493 00:26:25,109 --> 00:26:27,690 Commentary on the hadith: 494 00:26:27,690 --> 00:26:30,140 "A snatching" (ikhtilas) means swift abduction. 495 00:26:32,140 --> 00:26:34,650 Benefits of the hadith: 496 00:26:34,650 --> 00:26:37,480 It is derived from the hadith: 497 00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:39,480 An exhortation for the worshiper to maintain 498 00:26:39,480 --> 00:26:41,480 presence of mind and intention for converse with his Lord, 499 00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:45,480 without becoming preoccupied with worldly matters; 500 00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:47,480 the importance of preserving humility and focus (khushu'), 501 00:26:49,480 --> 00:26:51,480 for whoever turns his gaze loses his focus; 502 00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:53,480 and a warning against the footsteps and tricks of Satan; 503 00:26:53,480 --> 00:26:55,480 and a warning against the footsteps and tricks of Satan.