WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 Riyadh al-Salihin (The Meadows of the Righteous) from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:17.719 Chapter: The Desirability of Supplication During Travel. 00:00:17.719 --> 00:00:20.719 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:00:20.719 --> 00:00:24.719 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:00:24.719 --> 00:00:29.719 "Three supplications are answered, there is no doubt about them: 00:00:29.719 --> 00:00:33.719 The supplication of the oppressed, the supplication of the traveler, 00:00:33.719 --> 00:00:36.719 and the supplication of a parent against their child." 00:00:36.719 --> 00:00:39.939 Recorded by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi. 00:00:39.939 --> 00:00:43.579 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:00:43.579 --> 00:00:47.740 A warning against oppression, for its consequences are dire. 00:00:47.740 --> 00:00:52.740 The supplication of the oppressed is answered, even if they are a disbeliever. 00:00:52.740 --> 00:00:59.219 Encouragement for the traveler to supplicate, due to the response they receive. 00:00:59.219 --> 00:01:05.700 Encouragement for parents not to be hasty in supplicating against their children or their wealth. 00:01:05.700 --> 00:01:09.700 Rather, one should supplicate for them for goodness, success, and guidance. 00:01:09.700 --> 00:01:17.170 Chapter: What one should say when fearing a group of people or others. 00:01:17.170 --> 00:01:21.510 On the authority of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:01:21.510 --> 00:01:24.510 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:01:24.510 --> 00:01:28.510 when he feared a group of people, would say: 00:01:28.510 --> 00:01:31.510 "O Allah, we place You in their throats (to ward off their evil), 00:01:31.510 --> 00:01:34.510 and we seek refuge in You from their evils." 00:01:34.510 --> 00:01:37.579 Recorded by Abu Dawud and al-Nasa'i. 00:01:37.579 --> 00:01:41.310 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:01:41.310 --> 00:01:48.500 Protection from enemies and victory over them can only be achieved through the help and support of Allah. 00:01:48.500 --> 00:01:52.890 It is appropriate to seek refuge in Allah from the evil of enemies, 00:01:52.890 --> 00:01:55.890 and not to wish to encounter them. 00:01:55.890 --> 00:01:59.890 If a servant is afflicted, it is their duty to be patient. 00:01:59.890 --> 00:02:06.670 Chapter: What one should say when stopping at a place. 00:02:06.670 --> 00:02:11.919 On the authority of Khawlah bint Hakim, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: 00:02:11.919 --> 00:02:16.919 I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, say: 00:02:16.919 --> 00:02:19.919 "Whoever stops at a place and then says: 00:02:19.919 --> 00:02:24.919 'I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from the evil of what He has created,' 00:02:24.919 --> 00:02:30.919 nothing will harm them until they depart from that place." 00:02:30.919 --> 00:02:33.050 Recorded by Muslim. 00:02:34.659 --> 00:02:36.659 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:02:36.659 --> 00:02:40.939 A servant should turn to Allah the Exalted, 00:02:40.939 --> 00:02:45.360 so that He may avert every evil from them during their stay. 00:02:45.360 --> 00:02:47.360 Turning to Allah the Exalted, 00:02:47.360 --> 00:02:51.360 and seeking refuge in His words from every evil, 00:02:51.360 --> 00:02:53.780 is a permissible act. 00:02:53.780 --> 00:02:59.780 This hadith is strong evidence that the speech of Allah the Exalted is not created, 00:02:59.780 --> 00:03:04.129 because it is not permissible to seek refuge in a created thing. 00:03:04.129 --> 00:03:07.129 Whoever says this supplication with certainty, 00:03:07.129 --> 00:03:12.129 no evil will approach them in that place until they depart. 00:03:12.129 --> 00:03:17.129 This is a response from Allah the Exalted to their turning to Him. 00:03:17.129 --> 00:03:22.310 And on the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:03:22.310 --> 00:03:28.310 When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, traveled and night approached, he would say: 00:03:28.310 --> 00:03:32.310 "O earth, my Lord and your Lord is Allah. 00:03:32.310 --> 00:03:41.439 I seek refuge in Allah from your evil, the evil of what is within you, the evil of what was created within you, and the evil of what crawls upon you. 00:03:41.439 --> 00:03:47.439 I seek refuge in Allah from the evil of lions and black snakes, and from the viper and the scorpion, 00:03:47.439 --> 00:03:52.439 and from the inhabitants of the land, and from the parent and what they begot." 00:03:52.439 --> 00:03:54.569 Recorded by Abu Dawud. 00:03:54.569 --> 00:03:57.759 "The black ones" refers to people. 00:03:57.759 --> 00:04:04.759 Al-Khattabi said: "The inhabitants of the land" are the jinn who dwell on the earth. 00:04:04.759 --> 00:04:13.759 He said: "The land" refers to any part of the earth that serves as a shelter for living creatures, even if there are no buildings or dwellings there. 00:04:13.759 --> 00:04:21.759 He said: It is possible that "the parent" refers to Iblis, and "what they begot" refers to the devils. 00:04:21.759 --> 00:04:31.149 Chapter: The Desirability of a Traveler Hastening to Return to Their Family After Completing Their Need. 00:04:31.149 --> 00:04:35.370 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:04:35.370 --> 00:04:40.370 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:04:40.370 --> 00:04:43.370 "Travel is a piece of torment; 00:04:43.370 --> 00:04:47.370 it prevents one of you from their food, drink, and sleep. 00:04:47.370 --> 00:04:51.430 So when one of you has fulfilled their purpose from their travel, 00:04:51.430 --> 00:04:54.430 let them hasten to their family." 00:04:54.430 --> 00:04:56.430 Agreed upon. 00:04:56.430 --> 00:04:58.560 "Their purpose" (nuhmatahu): 00:04:58.560 --> 00:05:00.560 Their objective. 00:05:00.560 --> 00:05:05.170 "It prevents one of you from their food, drink, and sleep": 00:05:05.170 --> 00:05:09.170 Meaning, it prevents them from the completeness and enjoyment thereof. 00:05:10.060 --> 00:05:12.060 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:05:12.060 --> 00:05:16.319 The dislike of being away from family without a need. 00:05:16.319 --> 00:05:19.639 The desirability of hastening to return, 00:05:19.639 --> 00:05:23.639 especially for those who fear their family might be neglected in their absence. 00:05:23.639 --> 00:05:29.089 Staying at home provides rest that helps one in their religious and worldly affairs. 00:05:29.089 --> 00:05:36.129 Chapter: The Desirability of Arriving to One's Family During the Day. 00:05:36.129 --> 00:05:40.129 And the dislike of doing so at night without a need. 00:05:40.129 --> 00:05:44.339 On the authority of Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:05:44.339 --> 00:05:48.339 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:05:48.339 --> 00:05:51.339 "If one of you has been away for a long time, 00:05:51.339 --> 00:05:54.339 let them not knock on their family's door at night." 00:05:54.339 --> 00:05:56.410 In another narration: 00:05:56.410 --> 00:05:59.410 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:05:59.410 --> 00:06:03.410 forbade a man from knocking on his family's door at night. 00:06:03.410 --> 00:06:05.470 Agreed upon. 00:06:05.470 --> 00:06:08.139 "Let them not knock" (la yatruqan): 00:06:08.139 --> 00:06:12.139 Meaning, let none of you come to your family at night. 00:06:12.139 --> 00:06:15.139 Everyone who arrives at night is a "tariq" (night-visitor). 00:06:15.139 --> 00:06:18.660 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:18.660 --> 00:06:25.100 The dislike of approaching one's wife when she is not prepared, 00:06:25.100 --> 00:06:30.100 so that one does not see something that might cause aversion. 00:06:30.100 --> 00:06:33.100 This is derived from the reasoning provided for the prohibition, 00:06:33.100 --> 00:06:35.100 which is his saying: 00:06:35.100 --> 00:06:39.100 "So that the disheveled woman may comb her hair and the woman whose husband is away may remove her body hair." 00:06:39.100 --> 00:06:43.459 The prohibition against a traveler arriving to their family unexpectedly, 00:06:43.459 --> 00:06:47.459 without prior notification of their arrival. 00:06:47.459 --> 00:06:52.970 The desirability for a woman to adorn herself for her husband and prepare, 00:06:52.970 --> 00:06:56.970 so that affection and love may endure between them. 00:06:56.970 --> 00:07:04.350 A woman should be careful that her husband does not see anything from her that he dislikes. 00:07:04.350 --> 00:07:10.740 Encouragement to avoid situations that cause suspicion regarding a Muslim. 00:07:10.740 --> 00:07:14.889 And on the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:07:14.889 --> 00:07:20.889 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, would not knock on his family's door at night. 00:07:20.889 --> 00:07:26.949 He would come to them in the morning or in the evening. Agreed upon. 00:07:26.949 --> 00:07:31.750 "Al-Turuq" is arriving at night. 00:07:31.750 --> 00:07:34.910 "Al-Ghudwah" is the beginning of the day. 00:07:34.910 --> 00:07:38.939 "Al-'Ashiyyah" is the end of the day. 00:07:38.939 --> 00:07:41.680 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:07:41.680 --> 00:07:46.779 The prohibition against coming to one's family in a state of negligence or unexpectedly, 00:07:46.779 --> 00:07:49.779 especially at night. 00:07:49.779 --> 00:07:55.060 It is recommended for the traveler to return to their family during the day. 00:07:55.060 --> 00:08:03.009 Chapter: What one should say when returning and when seeing their town. 00:08:03.009 --> 00:08:06.740 This includes the aforementioned hadith of Ibn 'Umar, 00:08:06.740 --> 00:08:11.740 in the chapter on the traveler saying "Allahu Akbar" when ascending hills. 00:08:11.740 --> 00:08:15.959 And on the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:08:15.959 --> 00:08:19.959 We returned with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:08:19.959 --> 00:08:23.959 until, when we were on the outskirts of Medina, he said: 00:08:23.959 --> 00:08:26.959 "We are returning, repenting, worshipping, 00:08:26.959 --> 00:08:29.959 and to our Lord, we are praising." 00:08:29.959 --> 00:08:34.990 He kept saying that until we arrived in Medina. 00:08:34.990 --> 00:08:37.149 Recorded by Muslim. 00:08:37.149 --> 00:08:40.889 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:40.889 --> 00:08:46.139 A Muslim should, upon seeing their town after Allah has brought them back safely, 00:08:46.139 --> 00:08:49.139 thank Him and mention His grace. 00:08:49.139 --> 00:08:53.139 And they should not forget Him upon seeing family and loved ones. 00:08:53.139 --> 00:08:58.429 Returning safely is a grace from Allah the Exalted upon His servants. 00:08:58.429 --> 00:09:04.820 Entering the town while seeking forgiveness for the sins the servant may have committed during their travel, 00:09:04.820 --> 00:09:08.820 so that they may enter their home purified of sins, 00:09:08.820 --> 00:09:11.820 and not cause their family misfortune due to their sins, 00:09:11.820 --> 00:09:14.820 because sins cause punishment. 00:09:14.820 --> 00:09:21.230 Emphasis on consistency in worship and complete submission to Allah the Exalted, 00:09:21.230 --> 00:09:24.230 because He is the One who bestows blessings upon us, 00:09:24.230 --> 00:09:28.230 and He alone is worthy of praise, none other. 00:09:28.230 --> 00:09:34.580 A servant should always recognize Allah in times of ease and hardship. 00:09:34.580 --> 00:09:38.580 And let the servant know that whoever recognizes Allah in times of ease, 00:09:38.580 --> 00:09:42.580 Allah will recognize them in times of hardship. 00:09:42.580 --> 00:09:50.460 Chapter: The Desirability of the Returning Traveler Starting with the Mosque in Their Neighborhood, 00:09:50.460 --> 00:09:53.460 and praying two rak'ahs in it. 00:09:53.460 --> 00:09:57.649 On the authority of Ka'b ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:09:57.649 --> 00:10:01.649 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:10:01.649 --> 00:10:03.649 when he returned from a journey, 00:10:03.649 --> 00:10:07.649 would start with the mosque and pray two rak'ahs in it. 00:10:07.649 --> 00:10:09.740 Agreed upon. 00:10:09.740 --> 00:10:16.879 Chapter: The Prohibition of a Woman Traveling Alone. 00:10:16.879 --> 00:10:22.059 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:10:22.059 --> 00:10:26.059 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:10:26.059 --> 00:10:31.129 "It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day 00:10:31.129 --> 00:10:34.129 to travel for the distance of a day and a night 00:10:34.129 --> 00:10:37.129 except with a mahram (unmarriageable kin) accompanying her." 00:10:37.129 --> 00:10:39.159 Agreed upon. 00:10:39.159 --> 00:10:45.730 "Mahram" means someone whom it is not permissible for her to marry. 00:10:45.730 --> 00:10:49.690 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:10:49.690 --> 00:10:54.940 The clear prohibition against a woman traveling without a mahram. 00:10:54.940 --> 00:10:59.940 Various narrations have been reported regarding the definition of the distance. 00:10:59.940 --> 00:11:02.940 In one narration, it is "more than three days." 00:11:02.940 --> 00:11:05.940 In another, "two days." 00:11:05.940 --> 00:11:08.940 In a third, "a journey of a day." 00:11:08.940 --> 00:11:12.940 In one narration, "a journey of a day and a night." 00:11:12.940 --> 00:11:16.940 In one narration, "do not travel for a barid (a specific distance)." 00:11:17.039 --> 00:11:20.039 These narrations differ due to the different questioners 00:11:20.039 --> 00:11:22.039 and the different circumstances. 00:11:22.039 --> 00:11:25.039 There is no contradiction or conflict between them. 00:11:25.039 --> 00:11:29.070 The conclusion is that whatever is considered travel, 00:11:29.070 --> 00:11:33.070 a woman is prohibited from it without a husband or a mahram. 00:11:33.070 --> 00:11:37.490 Some scholars excepted the travel for Hajj, 00:11:37.490 --> 00:11:41.870 but this is a weak exception with no evidence to support it. 00:11:41.870 --> 00:11:45.870 It is not permissible for two women to travel without a husband or a mahram, 00:11:45.870 --> 00:11:50.870 except for one who is fleeing with her religion from the land of disbelief to the land of Islam. 00:11:50.870 --> 00:11:56.220 The mahram is the one who is permitted to look at her and be in seclusion with her, 00:11:56.220 --> 00:12:00.220 and he is the one whom it is permanently forbidden for her to marry, 00:12:00.220 --> 00:12:03.220 due to a permissible reason for her sanctity. 00:12:03.220 --> 00:12:07.669 Among the reprehensible innovations and disgusting acts 00:12:07.669 --> 00:12:10.669 known to some ignorant commoners, 00:12:10.669 --> 00:12:13.669 those who cast aside the law of Islam, 00:12:13.669 --> 00:12:19.669 and those who abandon following the Master of Mankind, upon him be the best of prayers and most perfect peace, 00:12:19.669 --> 00:12:24.669 is the fraternizing of unrelated women and being in seclusion with them. 00:12:24.669 --> 00:12:29.700 And on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: 00:12:29.700 --> 00:12:34.700 That he heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, say: 00:12:34.700 --> 00:12:39.789 "No man should be in seclusion with a woman unless there is a mahram with her, 00:12:39.789 --> 00:12:44.789 and a woman should not travel except with a mahram." 00:12:44.789 --> 00:12:46.860 A man said to him: 00:12:46.860 --> 00:12:48.860 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:12:48.860 --> 00:12:51.860 my wife has gone out for Hajj, 00:12:51.860 --> 00:12:55.919 and you have written me down for such-and-such battle." 00:12:55.919 --> 00:12:59.919 He said: "Go and perform Hajj with your wife." 00:12:59.919 --> 00:13:04.169 Agreed upon. 00:13:04.169 --> 00:13:06.169 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:13:06.169 --> 00:13:10.490 A declaration of the prohibition of being in seclusion with an unrelated woman, 00:13:10.490 --> 00:13:14.970 due to the corruption that results from that. 00:13:14.970 --> 00:13:19.970 Seclusion with an unrelated woman is negated by the presence of a mahram or husband. 00:13:19.970 --> 00:13:26.450 If a woman goes out for Hajj while the road is safe, even without a mahram, 00:13:26.450 --> 00:13:30.450 it is obligatory for her mahram or husband to join her, 00:13:30.450 --> 00:13:33.450 and to fulfill his religious duty. 00:13:33.450 --> 00:13:37.450 This is explicit in refuting the exception made by some scholars 00:13:37.450 --> 00:13:40.450 regarding the permissibility of a woman performing Hajj without a mahram, 00:13:40.450 --> 00:13:45.669 even if the road is safe or she is in the company of trustworthy women. 00:13:45.669 --> 00:13:48.669 It is permissible for the leader to grant permission to whomever he wishes 00:13:48.669 --> 00:13:50.669 to stay behind from the battle, 00:13:50.669 --> 00:13:54.769 if there is a benefit that necessitates it. 00:13:54.769 --> 00:13:58.769 Riyadh al-Salihin.