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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

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A courageous stance.

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, wished to reconcile with the tribes of Fazarah and Ghatafan, among others.

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He spoke to Sa‘d ibn Mu‘adh and Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubadah,

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who were the leaders of the Aws and the Khazraj.

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He asked them, "What do you say?"

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[They replied,] "We shall give Ghatafan a third of the fruits of Medina,

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on the condition that they turn back."

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This was because Ghatafan represented four thousand [fighters]

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out of the ten thousand [besieging them].

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The Quraysh had four thousand,

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and the remaining tribes who came with the Quraysh

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accounted for two thousand.

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[The Prophet, peace be upon him,] then asked,

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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if Allah has commanded you to do this,

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then we hear and we obey.

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But if this is something you are doing for our sake,

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then we have no need for it.

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We and these people were once both in a state of shirk (polytheism).

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By Allah, O Messenger of Allah,

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they would not dare to eat a single fruit of ours,

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except by purchase or as a guest.

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So how could we [give them our wealth] now that Allah has honored us with Islam?

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Is it now, after Allah has honored us with Islam,

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guided us to it,

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and granted us might through you,

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that we should give them our wealth?

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No, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah,

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we will give them nothing but the sword."

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This is a rare form of courage.

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They were being besieged by ten thousand,

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while they were few in number,

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facing betrayal and treachery from within, and hunger.

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They could have used this agreement

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to turn away four thousand of their enemies,

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yet they refused.

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The Prophet, peace be upon him, validated their opinion and said,

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"By Allah, I would not do that

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except that I saw that the Arabs had all targeted you from a single bow."

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Treasures of the Seerah.

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War is deception.

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Nu‘aym ibn Mas‘ud came to the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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and said, "O Messenger of Allah,

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I have embraced Islam,

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and I wish to fight alongside you."

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He asked,

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"Does anyone know of your Islam?"

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He replied, "No."

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He said,

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"Then sow discord among them as much as you can."

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He said, "I will."

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So Nu‘aym ibn Mas‘ud went to the Banu Qurayzah from within [the city],

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and said to them,

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"O my people,

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the Quraysh are a treacherous people.

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If they gain victory over Muhammad and achieve what they want,

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they will leave and abandon you.

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Then the people of Medina will take revenge upon you."

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They said, "No,

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they will stand with us,

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for they have made a covenant with us through Huyayy ibn Akhtab."

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He said,

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"I do not see [it that way];

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you should take a ransom from them to guarantee your rights."

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They asked, "And what is that?"

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He said,

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"Demand that they give you ten of their sons,

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so that if they betray you, you can kill them.

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They will not betray you out of fear for their children."

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They said,

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"That is a sound idea."

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Then he went to the Quraysh

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and said to them,

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"You know that the Jews are a treacherous people,

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and they will betray you."

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They asked, "How?"

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He said,

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"I heard them talking;

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they say they will take ten of the Quraysh

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and hand them over to Muhammad

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to prove to him their good intentions and that they are sincere,

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and that they are with him."

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So the Quraysh met with the Jews,

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and the Jews said to the Quraysh,

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"Give us ten of your sons

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so that we may guarantee our rights."

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The Quraysh said to themselves,

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"Yes,

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they want the ten to hand them over to Muhammad."

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So they said,

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"No, that will not happen."

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The Jews said to themselves,

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"Yes,

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the Quraysh want to betray us,

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therefore, do not give them the ten."

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Thus, Allah, Blessed and Exalted be He, dissolved the covenant that was between them,

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and granted victory to His Messenger, peace be upon him.

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At that point, the Qurayzah abandoned the Quraysh,

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and the Quraysh abandoned the Qurayzah.

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The siege continued,

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then Allah, Blessed and Exalted be He, sent soldiers from Himself,

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consisting of a mighty wind

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which Allah, Blessed and Exalted be He, sent against them.

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They abandoned their positions

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and returned to their lands, disappointed.

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Treasures of the Seerah.

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Delaying the ‘Asr prayer.

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The Prophet, peace be upon him, was distracted from the ‘Asr prayer,

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just as his brother Sulayman, peace be upon him, was distracted by his horses,

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until the sun had set.

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The Prophet, peace be upon him,

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was distracted by the army of Mecca and those who came with them,

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until the sun had set.

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He said,

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"They have distracted us from the middle prayer, the ‘Asr prayer;

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may Allah fill their graves and their houses with fire."

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Thus, he invoked [Allah] against them, peace be upon him.

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Treasures of the Seerah.

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Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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and the night of the Confederates (al-Ahzab).

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Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

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"We were with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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on the night of the Confederates.

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A severe wind and extreme cold struck us.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said,

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'Is there a man who will bring me news of the people,

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and Allah will make him my companion on the Day of Resurrection?'

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We remained silent, and none of us answered him.

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Then he said,

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'Is there a man who will bring us news of the people,

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and Allah will make him my companion on the Day of Resurrection?'

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We remained silent.

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Then he said,

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'Stand up, O Hudhayfah,

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go and bring me news of the people.'

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He said,

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'I found no way out,

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since he called me by my name, but to stand up.'

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He said,

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'Go and bring me news of the people,

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and do not alarm them against me.'

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When I turned away from him,

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I felt as if I were walking in a warm bath;

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I did not feel the cold.

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This was a strengthening from Allah, the Almighty and Majestic.

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He said,

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'Until I came to them.

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Abu Sufyan was warming his back by the fire.

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I placed an arrow in the notch of my bow,

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and I wanted to shoot him,

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but I remembered the words of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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'Do not alarm them against me.'

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Had I shot him, I would have hit him.'

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Glory be to Allah!

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Allah willed for Abu Sufyan to embrace Islam and be safe.

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He said,

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'I returned, and I was still walking as if in a warm bath.'

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When I arrived, I informed him of their news.

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When I finished, I felt the cold again.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, covered me

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with the edge of a cloak he was wearing while he prayed.

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I remained asleep until morning.

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When morning came, he said,

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'Get up, O sleepyhead!'"

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Treasures of the Seerah.

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The Prophet, peace be upon him, invokes [Allah] against the Confederates.

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Here, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, prayed, saying:

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"O Allah, Revealer of the Book,

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Swift in reckoning,

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defeat the Confederates.

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O Allah, defeat them and shake them."

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So Allah sent against them soldiers from His soldiers,

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which was a cold wind.

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It extinguished their fires,

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uprooted their tents,

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and overturned their cooking pots.

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Cold, hunger, and fear.

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And Allah is over all things competent.

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Their unity was shattered,

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and Abu Sufyan announced the retreat in shame,

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and ordered the Quraysh to depart.

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That is why the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:

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"There is no god but Allah alone;

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He honored His soldiers,

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gave victory to His servant,

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and defeated the Confederates alone;

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there is nothing after Him."

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Treasures of the Seerah.

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The expulsion of the Banu Qurayzah.

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Jibril, peace be upon him, came

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to the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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and said,

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"Have you laid down your weapons?"

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He said, "Yes."

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Jibril said,

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"As for us, we have not yet laid down our weapons.

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Set out toward the people.

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Allah commands you to do this.

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, set out,

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and he commanded the people, saying,

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"Let no one among you pray the Asr prayer except at Banu Qurayza."

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The Muslims went out in response to the command of the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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toward Banu Qurayza.

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He hastened them,

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and he gave the banner to Ali Ibn Abi Talib.

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He appointed Ibn Umm Maktum as his deputy over Medina.

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He arrived and camped by the fortresses of Banu Qurayza,

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and he besieged them for 25 nights.

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Their leader, Ka'b Ibn Asad, presented them with options,

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saying,

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"Either you embrace Islam and enter into the religion of Muhammad, peace be upon him,"

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"or you kill your own offspring,"

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"and go out to fight until you are all killed to the last man,"

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"or you attack the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and his Companions on the Sabbath,"

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"at a time when the Muslims least expect your treachery."

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They rejected all of these options.

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He said to them,

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"By Allah, you are fools,"

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"and you will accept nothing."

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At that point, one of them came out and said,

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"O Messenger of Allah,"

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"we will submit to the judgment of Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh."

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This was because Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul,

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as mentioned previously,

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had interceded on behalf of Banu Qaynuqa',

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and the Prophet, peace be upon him, had spared them for his sake.

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So, these people wanted the judgment of Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh,

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because he had been their ally during the pre-Islamic period (Jahiliyyah),

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and they said, "Perhaps he will defend us,"

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"just as Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul"

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"defended Banu Qaynuqa'."

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They did not realize the difference between Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul,

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the head of the hypocrites,

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and Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh,

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one of the leaders of the righteous, may Allah be pleased with him.

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So they said, "We will submit to the judgment of Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh,"

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"just as our brethren submitted to the judgment of Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul."

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The Prophet, peace be upon him, ordered

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that Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh be brought to him.

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He had been wounded in his arm, may Allah be pleased with him.

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When he arrived,

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the Prophet, peace be upon him, said,

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"Stand up for your leader,"

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meaning Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh, may Allah be pleased with him,

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"and help him down from the donkey he arrived on."

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The Prophet, peace be upon him, then said,

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"Pass judgment on your allies."

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They began to call out to him,

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"Be lenient, Abu 'Amr, regarding your allies,"

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"just as others have been lenient."

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Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh replied,

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"The time has come for Sa'd not to fear the blame of any critic for the sake of Allah."

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He then said, "My judgment regarding them is"

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"that their fighting men be killed,"

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"and their offspring be taken captive."

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said,

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"You have judged them with the judgment of Allah."

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The Prophet, peace be upon him, then ordered

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the execution of their men,

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and the taking of their offspring and women as captives.

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[The narrative continues.]