WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.080 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.630 --> 00:00:12.710 Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.949 --> 00:00:16.030 Surah al-Fath (The Victory). 00:00:18.710 --> 00:00:22.550 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.550 --> 00:00:28.649 “Lo! We have given thee (O Muhammad) a signal victory,” (48:1) 00:00:28.649 --> 00:00:33.929 “That Allah may forgive thee of thy sin that which is past and that which is to come, and may perfect His favour unto thee, and may guide thee on a right path,” (48:2) 00:00:33.929 --> 00:00:37.770 “That Allah may forgive thee of thy sin that which is past and that which is to come, and may perfect His favour unto thee, and may guide thee on a right path,” (48:2) 00:00:37.770 --> 00:00:44.850 “That Allah may forgive thee of thy sin that which is past and that which is to come, and may perfect His favour unto thee, and may guide thee on a right path,” (48:2) 00:00:44.850 --> 00:00:49.890 “And that Allah may help thee with strong help -” (48:3) 00:00:49.890 --> 00:00:55.700 We have decreed for you, O Muhammad, a decree for whoever hears it or to whom it reaches, 00:00:55.700 --> 00:00:58.740 concerning those among the disbelievers of your people who oppose you. 00:00:58.740 --> 00:01:01.579 We have ordained victory for you over them. 00:01:01.579 --> 00:01:03.340 So that you may thank your Lord. 00:01:03.630 --> 00:01:06.030 As for the "victory" mentioned, 00:01:06.030 --> 00:01:10.750 it is the truce that took place between the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:01:10.750 --> 00:01:13.670 and the polytheists of Quraysh at al-Hudaybiyah. 00:01:13.670 --> 00:01:17.010 So that you may thank your Lord for His favor upon you, 00:01:17.010 --> 00:01:19.250 and for the victory He granted you. 00:01:19.250 --> 00:01:21.849 And so that you may glorify Him and seek His forgiveness, 00:01:21.849 --> 00:01:27.129 that He may forgive you your past sins before He granted you this victory, 00:01:27.129 --> 00:01:29.609 and those that follow after it. 00:01:29.909 --> 00:01:34.909 He completes His favor upon you by granting you dominance over your enemy, 00:01:34.909 --> 00:01:38.750 and guides you to a path of religion that has no crookedness. 00:01:38.750 --> 00:01:42.790 And He grants you victory over all your enemies and those who show you hostility, 00:01:42.790 --> 00:01:48.780 a victory that no conqueror can overcome and no repeller can push back. 00:01:48.780 --> 00:01:54.180 “He it is Who sent down peace of reassurance into the hearts of the believers that they might add faith unto their faith. Allah's are the hosts of the heavens and the earth, and Allah is ever Knower, Wise -” (48:4) 00:01:54.180 --> 00:01:58.980 “He it is Who sent down peace of reassurance into the hearts of the believers that they might add faith unto their faith. Allah's are the hosts of the heavens and the earth, and Allah is ever Knower, Wise -” (48:4) 00:01:59.099 --> 00:02:02.739 To Allah belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth. 00:02:02.739 --> 00:02:06.299 And Allah is ever All-Knowing, All-Wise. 00:02:07.540 --> 00:02:13.419 Allah sent down tranquility and peace into the hearts of the believers in Allah and His Messenger, 00:02:13.419 --> 00:02:16.139 so that they might increase in faith alongside their existing faith, 00:02:16.139 --> 00:02:20.460 through the obligatory duties that were already binding upon them. 00:02:20.460 --> 00:02:23.659 To Allah belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth; 00:02:23.659 --> 00:02:28.020 they are the supporters through whom He takes vengeance upon whom He wills of His enemies. 00:02:28.060 --> 00:02:32.500 Allah has always been All-Knowing of what is to come before it happens, 00:02:32.500 --> 00:02:35.900 and All-Wise in His governance. 00:02:35.900 --> 00:02:47.620 “That He may bring the believing men and the believing women into Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide, and may remit from them their evil deeds - That, in the sight of Allah, is the supreme triumph -” (48:5) 00:02:47.620 --> 00:02:53.099 “That He may bring the believing men and the believing women into Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide, and may remit from them their evil deeds - That, in the sight of Allah, is the supreme triumph -” (48:5) 00:02:53.099 --> 00:02:59.490 “That He may bring the believing men and the believing women into Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide, and may remit from them their evil deeds - That, in the sight of Allah, is the supreme triumph -” (48:5) 00:02:59.530 --> 00:03:05.490 So that He may admit the believing men and women into gardens beneath which rivers flow, 00:03:05.490 --> 00:03:08.729 abiding therein forever without end. 00:03:08.729 --> 00:03:14.770 And so that Allah may remit their evil deeds through the good deeds they perform. 00:03:14.770 --> 00:03:19.210 And what Allah promised them of admission into the Gardens 00:03:19.210 --> 00:03:26.620 was a great triumph and salvation from the punishment of Allah that they used to fear. 00:03:26.659 --> 00:03:36.900 “And may punish the hypocritical men and the hypocritical women, and the idolatrous men and the idolatrous women, who think an evil thought concerning Allah. For them is the evil turn of fortune, and Allah is wroth against them and hath cursed them, and hath made ready for them hell, a hapless journey's end.” (48:6) 00:03:36.900 --> 00:03:44.020 “And may punish the hypocritical men and the hypocritical women, and the idolatrous men and the idolatrous women, who think an evil thought concerning Allah. For them is the evil turn of fortune, and Allah is wroth against them and hath cursed them, and hath made ready for them hell, a hapless journey's end.” (48:6) 00:03:44.020 --> 00:03:48.060 Upon them is a misfortune of evil. 00:03:48.060 --> 00:03:54.819 “And may punish the hypocritical men and the hypocritical women, and the idolatrous men and the idolatrous women, who think an evil thought concerning Allah. For them is the evil turn of fortune, and Allah is wroth against them and hath cursed them, and hath made ready for them hell, a hapless journey's end.” (48:6) 00:03:54.819 --> 00:03:59.889 And evil is their destination. 00:03:59.889 --> 00:04:05.409 And so that He may punish the hypocrite men and women through the victory Allah granted you, O Muhammad, 00:04:05.409 --> 00:04:08.289 so that they are humiliated and grieved by it. 00:04:08.289 --> 00:04:11.770 And so that He may also punish the polytheist men and women, 00:04:11.770 --> 00:04:17.730 who think evil thoughts about Allah—that He would not grant you and the people of faith victory over your enemies. 00:04:17.730 --> 00:04:22.009 Upon the hypocrite men and women and the polytheist men and women, 00:04:22.009 --> 00:04:26.569 those who held such thoughts, is a cycle of evil. 00:04:26.569 --> 00:04:32.410 Allah has become angry with them, distanced them, and cast them far from His mercy. 00:04:32.410 --> 00:04:40.300 He has prepared Hell for them, which they will enter on the Day of Resurrection; and evil is Hell as a destination. 00:04:40.300 --> 00:04:48.649 “Allah's are the hosts of the heavens and the earth, and Allah is ever Mighty, Wise.” (48:7) 00:04:48.649 --> 00:04:54.250 To Allah belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth as supporters against His enemies. 00:04:54.250 --> 00:05:02.480 Allah has always been All-Mighty, whom no conqueror can overcome, and All-Wise in the governance of His creation. 00:05:02.480 --> 00:05:10.480 Indeed, We have sent you as a witness, a bringer of good tidings, and a warner, 00:05:10.480 --> 00:05:17.480 “That ye (mankind) may believe in Allah and His messenger, and may honour Him, and may revere Him, and may glorify Him at early dawn and at the close of day.” (48:9) 00:05:17.480 --> 00:05:23.019 that you may glorify Him morning and evening. 00:05:23.019 --> 00:05:30.019 Indeed, We have sent you, O Muhammad, as a witness over your Ummah regarding how they responded to what you called them to, 00:05:30.019 --> 00:05:35.019 and as a bringer of good tidings to them of Paradise if they respond to what you called them to, 00:05:35.019 --> 00:05:40.019 and as a warner to them of the punishment of Allah if they turn away from what you have brought them. 00:05:40.019 --> 00:05:44.089 So that you may believe in Allah and His Messenger, O people, 00:05:44.089 --> 00:05:49.089 and support Him—which means strengthening Him through victory and aid— 00:05:49.089 --> 00:05:53.089 and honor Him with reverence, glorification, and exaltation, 00:05:53.089 --> 00:05:57.089 and glorify Allah morning and evening. 00:05:57.089 --> 00:06:07.339 “Lo! those who swear allegiance unto thee (Muhammad), swear allegiance only unto Allah. The Hand of Allah is above their hands. So whosoever breaketh his oath, breaketh it only to his soul's hurt; while whosoever keepeth his covenant with Allah, on him will He bestow immense reward.” (48:10) 00:06:07.339 --> 00:06:14.339 “Lo! those who swear allegiance unto thee (Muhammad), swear allegiance only unto Allah. The Hand of Allah is above their hands. So whosoever breaketh his oath, breaketh it only to his soul's hurt; while whosoever keepeth his covenant with Allah, on him will He bestow immense reward.” (48:10) 00:06:14.339 --> 00:06:23.040 “Lo! those who swear allegiance unto thee (Muhammad), swear allegiance only unto Allah. The Hand of Allah is above their hands. So whosoever breaketh his oath, breaketh it only to his soul's hurt; while whosoever keepeth his covenant with Allah, on him will He bestow immense reward.” (48:10) 00:06:23.040 --> 00:06:30.040 Indeed, those who pledged allegiance to you at al-Hudaybiyah—those of your Companions who swore not to flee when meeting the enemy— 00:06:30.040 --> 00:06:37.040 are only pledging allegiance to Allah, for Allah has guaranteed them Paradise for their fulfillment of that pledge. 00:06:37.040 --> 00:06:43.040 The power of Allah is above their power in supporting His Messenger, peace be upon him, 00:06:43.040 --> 00:06:50.040 because they only pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, to support him against the enemy. 00:06:50.040 --> 00:06:58.040 So whoever breaks his pledge, O Muhammad, and violates it, failing to support you against your enemies, he only violates his own pledge, 00:06:58.040 --> 00:07:05.040 because by that action, he removes himself from those whom Allah promised Paradise for fulfilling the pledge. 00:07:05.040 --> 00:07:10.040 And whoever fulfills what he has covenanted with Allah—of steadfastness when meeting the enemy— 00:07:10.040 --> 00:07:16.040 Allah will grant him a great reward, which is that He will admit him into Paradise. 00:07:16.040 --> 00:07:26.000 “Those of the wandering Arabs who were left behind will tell thee: Our possessions and our households occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us! They speak with their tongues that which is not in their hearts. Say: Who can avail you aught against Allah, if He intend you hurt or intend you profit? Nay, but Allah is ever Aware of what ye do.” (48:11) 00:07:26.000 --> 00:07:32.000 “Those of the wandering Arabs who were left behind will tell thee: Our possessions and our households occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us! They speak with their tongues that which is not in their hearts. Say: Who can avail you aught against Allah, if He intend you hurt or intend you profit? Nay, but Allah is ever Aware of what ye do.” (48:11) 00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:45.000 “Those of the wandering Arabs who were left behind will tell thee: Our possessions and our households occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us! They speak with their tongues that which is not in their hearts. Say: Who can avail you aught against Allah, if He intend you hurt or intend you profit? Nay, but Allah is ever Aware of what ye do.” (48:11) 00:07:45.000 --> 00:07:50.000 “Those of the wandering Arabs who were left behind will tell thee: Our possessions and our households occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us! They speak with their tongues that which is not in their hearts. Say: Who can avail you aught against Allah, if He intend you hurt or intend you profit? Nay, but Allah is ever Aware of what ye do.” (48:11) 00:07:50.000 --> 00:08:00.019 Those who were left behind by Allah—those who did not go out with you on your journey to Makkah for the 'Umrah—will say to you, O Muhammad: 00:08:00.019 --> 00:08:07.019 "Our wealth and our families kept us occupied from going out with you." 00:08:07.019 --> 00:08:11.019 "So ask forgiveness from our Lord for our staying behind." 00:08:11.019 --> 00:08:17.019 These Bedouins who stayed behind say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. 00:08:17.019 --> 00:08:23.089 Say to these Bedouins: "If I were to ask forgiveness for you, O people," 00:08:23.089 --> 00:08:31.089 "and then Allah willed your destruction, or willed benefit for you by increasing your wealth and improving your families," 00:08:31.089 --> 00:08:37.090 "then who has the power to prevent what Allah wills for you, whether it be good or evil?" 00:08:37.090 --> 00:08:46.090 The matter is not as these hypocrites among the Bedouins think—that Allah does not know what they are upon regarding hypocrisy. 00:08:46.090 --> 00:08:51.090 Rather, Allah has always been All-Aware of what they do, whether good or evil. 00:08:51.090 --> 00:09:12.759 “Nay, but ye deemed that the messenger and the believers would never return to their own folk, and that was made fairseeming in your hearts, and ye did think an evil thought, and ye were worthless folk.” (48:12) 00:09:12.759 --> 00:09:19.620 You did not stay behind from accompanying him because of being occupied with your wealth and families; 00:09:19.620 --> 00:09:27.620 rather, you stayed behind thinking that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and his Companions with him would perish, 00:09:27.620 --> 00:09:32.620 and that they would never return to you, as the enemy would eradicate them. 00:09:32.620 --> 00:09:36.620 Satan made that seem fair in your hearts. 00:09:36.620 --> 00:09:44.620 And you thought that Allah would not grant Muhammad, peace be upon him, and his believing Companions victory over their enemies. 00:09:44.620 --> 00:09:49.620 And you were a ruined people, unfit for any good. 00:10:00.330 --> 00:10:06.259 And whoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger among you, O Bedouins, or among others, 00:10:06.259 --> 00:10:15.259 then We have prepared for them all a blazing Fire that will burn them in Hell when they arrive there on the Day of Resurrection. 00:10:15.259 --> 00:10:33.120 “And Allah's is the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth. He forgiveth whom He will, and punisheth whom He will. And Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (48:14) 00:10:46.759 --> 00:10:52.759 Or prevents Him from pardoning you if you repent from your hypocrisy and disbelief. 00:10:52.759 --> 00:11:02.789 Allah has always been Forgiving of the punishment of those who repent, and Merciful to them, not punishing them for their sins after they have repented from them. 00:11:17.659 --> 00:11:32.659 “Those who were left behind will say, when ye set forth to capture booty: Let us go with you. They fain would change the verdict of Allah. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye shall not go with us. Thus hath Allah said beforehand. Then they will say: Ye are envious of us. Nay, but they understand not, save a little.” (48:15) 00:11:48.330 --> 00:11:53.330 That is what Allah had promised the people of al-Hudaybiyah regarding the spoils of Khaybar. 00:11:53.330 --> 00:11:59.330 "Let us follow you to Khaybar so that we may witness the fighting of its people with you." 00:11:59.330 --> 00:12:04.330 They want to change the promise of Allah that He promised the people of al-Hudaybiyah. 00:12:04.330 --> 00:12:10.330 This is because Allah made the spoils of Khaybar for them as a compensation for the spoils of the people of Makkah. 00:12:10.330 --> 00:12:18.549 Say to these who were left behind, O Muhammad: "You shall not follow us to Khaybar when we decide to march toward them." 00:12:18.549 --> 00:12:26.549 "Thus Allah told us before our return to you: that the spoils of Khaybar are for those who witnessed al-Hudaybiyah with us." 00:12:26.549 --> 00:12:29.549 "And you are not among those who witnessed it." 00:12:29.549 --> 00:12:38.580 They will say: "Rather, you are jealous of us so that we do not obtain spoils with you, and that is why you prevent us from going out with you." 00:12:38.580 --> 00:12:46.580 In fact, they did not understand from Allah what was required of them regarding the affairs of religion, except for a very little. 00:12:46.580 --> 00:13:01.450 “Say unto those of the wandering Arabs who were left behind: Ye will be called against a folk of mighty prowess, to fight them until they surrender; and if ye obey, Allah will give you a fair reward; but if ye turn away as ye did turn away before, He will punish you with a painful doom.” (48:16) 00:13:01.450 --> 00:13:06.450 You shall fight them, or they shall submit. 00:13:06.450 --> 00:13:21.450 “Say unto those of the wandering Arabs who were left behind: Ye will be called against a folk of mighty prowess, to fight them until they surrender; and if ye obey, Allah will give you a fair reward; but if ye turn away as ye did turn away before, He will punish you with a painful doom.” (48:16) 00:13:21.450 --> 00:13:27.220 Say, O Muhammad, to the Bedouins who were left behind from marching with you: 00:13:27.220 --> 00:13:32.220 "You will be called to fight a people of great military might." 00:13:32.220 --> 00:13:40.220 "You will fight those whom you are called to fight, or they will submit without war or fighting." 00:13:40.220 --> 00:13:47.220 If you obey Allah when He calls you to fight these people, Allah will grant you Paradise. 00:13:47.220 --> 00:13:52.220 But if you turn away from the obedience of your Lord and abandon fighting them, 00:13:52.220 --> 00:14:00.220 just as you disobeyed Him before when He commanded you to march with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, to Makkah, 00:14:00.220 --> 00:14:05.220 He will punish you with a painful punishment, and that is the punishment of the Fire. 00:14:05.220 --> 00:14:15.139 There is no blame upon the blind, nor is there blame upon the lame, nor is there blame upon the sick. 00:14:15.139 --> 00:14:29.139 And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him into gardens beneath which rivers flow. 00:14:29.139 --> 00:14:35.139 And whoever turns away, He will punish him with a painful punishment. 00:14:35.139 --> 00:14:41.620 There is no restriction upon the blind among you, O people, nor is there any restriction upon the lame, 00:14:41.620 --> 00:14:46.620 nor is there any restriction upon the sick, if they stay behind from Jihad with the believers. 00:14:46.620 --> 00:14:54.620 And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him on the Day of Resurrection into gardens beneath which rivers flow. 00:14:54.620 --> 00:14:59.620 And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, He will punish him with a grievous punishment. 00:14:59.620 --> 00:15:03.620 And that is the punishment of Hell on the Day of Resurrection.