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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

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An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah),

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Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid al-Azmi, may Allah preserve him.

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Preparing, Washing, and Shrouding the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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When Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was pledged allegiance as Caliph,

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The family of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) turned to preparing and washing his noble body,

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And they differed regarding how to proceed.

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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, and Abu Dawud in his Sunan with a good chain of narration,

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On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:

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"When they intended to wash the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), they differed concerning him,

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Saying: 'By Allah, we do not know what to do:

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Should we strip the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) of his garments as we strip our dead, or should we wash him with his clothes on?'"

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She said:

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"So when they differed, Allah cast a slumber upon them,

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Until, by Allah, there was not a single man among them whose chin was not resting on his chest, fast asleep.

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She said:

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Then a voice addressed them from the corner of the house, though they did not know who it was,

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Saying:

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'Wash the Prophet (peace be upon him) while his clothes are on him.'

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She said:

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So they sprang up,

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And washed the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) while he was wearing his shirt,

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Pouring water and lotus leaves (sidr) over him, and gently rubbing him over the shirt."

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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad with a chain that is good due to corroborating evidence,

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:

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"When the people gathered to wash the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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There was no one in the house except his family:

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His uncle al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib,

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'Ali ibn Abi Talib,

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Al-Fadl ibn al-'Abbas,

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Qutham ibn al-'Abbas,

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Usamah ibn Zayd ibn Harithah,

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And Salih, his freed slave—

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That is, the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

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When they had resolved to begin washing him,

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Aws ibn Khawli al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) called out from behind the door—

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He was one of Banu 'Awf ibn al-Khazraj,

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And a veteran of Badr—

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Calling out to 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him),

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Saying to him:

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'O 'Ali, I adjure you by Allah and by our share in the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)!'

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'Ali said to him, 'Enter.'

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So he entered,

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And attended the washing of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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Though he did not directly handle anything in his washing."

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He said:

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"'Ali leaned him against his chest while he was wearing his shirt,

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And al-'Abbas, al-Fadl, and Qutham

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Were turning him along with 'Ali ibn Abi Talib,

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While Usamah ibn Zayd and Salih, their freed slave, poured the water.

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'Ali began washing him,

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And not a single flaw or sign of decomposition

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Such as is usually seen on a deceased person was seen on the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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While 'Ali kept saying:

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'May my father and mother be ransomed for you! How pure and sweet you are, alive and dead!'"

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When they finished washing the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)—

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And he was washed with water and lotus leaves—

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They dried him,

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And then shrouded him in three garments.

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The two Shaykhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded in their Sahihs,

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On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:

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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was shrouded

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In three white Sahuli garments

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Made of cotton,

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Containing neither a shirt nor a turban."

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Imam at-Tirmidhi said in his Jami':

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"Various narrations have been reported

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Regarding the shroud of the Prophet (peace be upon him),

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And the hadith of 'A'ishah

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Is the most authentic of the narrations reported concerning the shroud of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

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And the practice is according to the hadith of 'A'ishah

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Among the majority of the people of knowledge

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From the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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And others."

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The Funeral Prayer over the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was shrouded,

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Permission was given to the people to pray over him individually,

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With no one leading them as an imam.

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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad

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With an authentic chain of narration,

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On the authority of Abu 'Usayb (may Allah be pleased with him),

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That he witnessed the funeral prayer over the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

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They asked, "How shall we pray over him?"

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He replied, "Enter in groups, wave after wave."

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He said: "So they would enter from this door,

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Pray over him,

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And then exit through the other door."

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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:

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"This practice—

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Namely, their praying over him (peace be upon him) individually,

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Without anyone leading them—

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Is a matter of consensus, without any difference of opinion."

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The Burial of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was buried in the exact spot where he passed away.

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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad and at-Tirmidhi in his Jami',

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With a chain that is authentic through its collective routes and supporting reports,

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On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:

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"When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away,

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They differed regarding his burial.

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Thereupon Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

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'I heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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Something that I have never forgotten;

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He said:

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"Allah never takes the soul of a Prophet except in the very place where he loves to be buried."

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Bury him in the spot of his bed.'"

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Imam at-Tirmidhi recorded in ash-Shama'il with an authentic chain of narration,

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On the authority of Salim ibn 'Ubayd al-Ashja'i (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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"They said to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him):

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'O companion of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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Is the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to be buried?'

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He replied, 'Yes.'

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They asked, 'Where?'

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He (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

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'In the place where Allah took his soul,

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For Allah would not take his soul except in a blessed and pure place.'"

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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad,

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And Ibn Majah in his Sunan with a good chain of narration,

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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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"When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away,

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There was a man in Medina who used to dig graves with a side niche (lahd),

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And another who dug straight trench graves (darh).

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So they said:

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'Let us seek guidance from our Lord (istikharah) and send for both of them,

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And whichever of them arrives first, we shall leave the work to him.'

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So messengers were sent to both of them,

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And the one who dug the side niche (lahd) arrived first,

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So they dug a lahd grave for the Prophet (peace be upon him)."

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Ibn Hibban recorded in his Sahih with a sound chain of narration,

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:

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"Those who entered the grave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) were

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Al-'Abbas, 'Ali, and al-Fadl;

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And a man from the Ansar leveled the bricks of his niche,

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The same one who had prepared the niches for the martyrs on the day of Badr."

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The Sheikh commented in the footnote:

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"He was Abu Talhah Zayd ibn Sahl al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him)."

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Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih,

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:

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"There was placed in the grave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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A red velvet cloth."

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Imam at-Tirmidhi recorded in his Jami' with a good chain of narration,

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On the authority of Shuqran (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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"By Allah, it was I who spread the velvet cloth beneath the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in the grave."

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Ibn Majah recorded with a chain that is good due to corroborating evidence,

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:

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"Shuqran, his freed slave, took a velvet cloth

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That the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to wear,

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And placed it in the grave,

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Saying: 'By Allah, no one shall ever wear it after you!'

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So it was buried alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)."

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The burial of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took place on Wednesday night,

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Late in the night on the eve of Wednesday.

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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:

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"The correct view is that he (peace be upon him) remained through the rest of Monday and the entirety of Tuesday, and was buried on Wednesday night."

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Imam as-Sindi said:

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"The reason for delaying his burial (peace be upon him)

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Was due to the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) being occupied with momentous affairs,

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Such as the pledge of allegiance, whose delay was feared to cause tribulations (fitnah)."

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The Exclusive Distinctions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) Concerning His Shroud and Grave.

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Imam adh-Dhahabi said:

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"As for his being buried in the room of 'A'ishah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

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It is exclusive to him,

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Just as he was exclusively distinguished by having a velvet cloth spread beneath him in his grave niche,

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And as he was exclusively distinguished by having the people pray over him individually without an imam,

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For he remained their imam alive and dead, in this world and the Hereafter;

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And as he was exclusively distinguished by having his burial delayed for two days,

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Whereas delaying burial is disliked for his Ummah,

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Because his noble body was safe from physical change, unlike the rest of us;

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Furthermore, they delayed it so that all of them could pray over him inside his room,

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Which took a long time to accomplish;

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And also because they hesitated during the first half of the first day regarding his death,

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Until Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived from as-Sunh.

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These were the reasons for the delay."

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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad with an authentic chain of narration,

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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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"I never saw a day more radiant or more beautiful

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Than the day the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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And Abu Bakr entered Medina,

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And I witnessed his death,

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And I never saw a day darker or more sorrowful

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Than the day on which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away."

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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad,

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And Ibn Majah in his Sunan with an authentic chain of narration,

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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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"When the day came that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) entered Medina,

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Everything in it was illuminated,

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But when the day came that he died, everything in it turned dark.

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And no sooner had we dusted off our hands from burying the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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Than we felt a profound change in our hearts."

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Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih,

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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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"Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away:

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'O my father! He has answered the call of a Lord Who summoned him!

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O my father! The Garden of Firdaws is now his abode!

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O my father! To Gabriel we announce his death!'

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I say: 'To Allah we belong and to Him we shall return.'

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And we bear witness before Allah, Exalted and Glorified is He,

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That His Messenger (peace be upon him) delivered the message,

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and he fulfilled the trust, gave sincere counsel to the Ummah,

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and left us upon the clear, illuminated path,

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whose night is as bright as its day.

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May the peace, blessings, and grace of Allah be upon our Prophet Muhammad,

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and upon all his family and Companions.

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An Abridgment of the Prophetic biography (Seerah):

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If people's longing for one another endures,

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then the yearning for you is beyond all measure.

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May Allah send blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised,

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and whenever lips move

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with the enduring remembrance of Allah.