WEBVTT 00:00:00.020 --> 00:00:04.019 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:04.019 --> 00:00:10.019 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 00:00:10.019 --> 00:00:17.739 An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah), 00:00:17.739 --> 00:00:25.089 Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid al-Azmi, may Allah preserve him. 00:00:25.089 --> 00:00:36.020 Preparing, Washing, and Shrouding the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:00:36.020 --> 00:00:42.979 When Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was pledged allegiance as Caliph, 00:00:42.979 --> 00:00:48.979 The family of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) turned to preparing and washing his noble body, 00:00:48.979 --> 00:00:50.979 And they differed regarding how to proceed. 00:00:50.979 --> 00:00:57.170 Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, and Abu Dawud in his Sunan with a good chain of narration, 00:00:57.170 --> 00:01:01.170 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 00:01:01.170 --> 00:01:07.170 "When they intended to wash the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), they differed concerning him, 00:01:07.170 --> 00:01:12.170 Saying: 'By Allah, we do not know what to do: 00:01:12.170 --> 00:01:21.170 Should we strip the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) of his garments as we strip our dead, or should we wash him with his clothes on?'" 00:01:21.170 --> 00:01:23.170 She said: 00:01:23.170 --> 00:01:27.170 "So when they differed, Allah cast a slumber upon them, 00:01:27.170 --> 00:01:33.170 Until, by Allah, there was not a single man among them whose chin was not resting on his chest, fast asleep. 00:01:33.170 --> 00:01:35.200 She said: 00:01:35.200 --> 00:01:39.200 Then a voice addressed them from the corner of the house, though they did not know who it was, 00:01:39.200 --> 00:01:41.200 Saying: 00:01:41.200 --> 00:01:46.200 'Wash the Prophet (peace be upon him) while his clothes are on him.' 00:01:46.200 --> 00:01:47.260 She said: 00:01:47.260 --> 00:01:49.260 So they sprang up, 00:01:49.260 --> 00:01:54.260 And washed the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) while he was wearing his shirt, 00:01:54.260 --> 00:02:00.260 Pouring water and lotus leaves (sidr) over him, and gently rubbing him over the shirt." 00:02:00.260 --> 00:02:05.329 Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad with a chain that is good due to corroborating evidence, 00:02:05.329 --> 00:02:09.330 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:02:09.330 --> 00:02:14.330 "When the people gathered to wash the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:02:14.330 --> 00:02:17.330 There was no one in the house except his family: 00:02:17.330 --> 00:02:20.330 His uncle al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, 00:02:20.330 --> 00:02:22.330 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 00:02:22.330 --> 00:02:24.330 Al-Fadl ibn al-'Abbas, 00:02:24.330 --> 00:02:26.330 Qutham ibn al-'Abbas, 00:02:26.330 --> 00:02:29.330 Usamah ibn Zayd ibn Harithah, 00:02:29.330 --> 00:02:31.330 And Salih, his freed slave— 00:02:31.330 --> 00:02:35.330 That is, the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:02:35.330 --> 00:02:38.360 When they had resolved to begin washing him, 00:02:38.360 --> 00:02:43.360 Aws ibn Khawli al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) called out from behind the door— 00:02:43.360 --> 00:02:46.360 He was one of Banu 'Awf ibn al-Khazraj, 00:02:46.360 --> 00:02:48.360 And a veteran of Badr— 00:02:48.360 --> 00:02:52.360 Calling out to 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:02:52.360 --> 00:02:53.360 Saying to him: 00:02:53.360 --> 00:03:00.360 'O 'Ali, I adjure you by Allah and by our share in the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)!' 00:03:00.360 --> 00:03:03.360 'Ali said to him, 'Enter.' 00:03:03.360 --> 00:03:05.360 So he entered, 00:03:05.360 --> 00:03:09.360 And attended the washing of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:03:09.360 --> 00:03:12.360 Though he did not directly handle anything in his washing." 00:03:12.360 --> 00:03:13.360 He said: 00:03:13.360 --> 00:03:17.360 "'Ali leaned him against his chest while he was wearing his shirt, 00:03:17.360 --> 00:03:20.360 And al-'Abbas, al-Fadl, and Qutham 00:03:20.360 --> 00:03:24.360 Were turning him along with 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 00:03:24.360 --> 00:03:29.360 While Usamah ibn Zayd and Salih, their freed slave, poured the water. 00:03:29.360 --> 00:03:32.360 'Ali began washing him, 00:03:32.360 --> 00:03:36.360 And not a single flaw or sign of decomposition 00:03:36.360 --> 00:03:39.360 Such as is usually seen on a deceased person was seen on the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:03:39.360 --> 00:03:41.360 While 'Ali kept saying: 00:03:41.360 --> 00:03:46.389 'May my father and mother be ransomed for you! How pure and sweet you are, alive and dead!'" 00:03:46.389 --> 00:03:51.389 When they finished washing the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)— 00:03:51.389 --> 00:03:54.389 And he was washed with water and lotus leaves— 00:03:54.389 --> 00:03:55.389 They dried him, 00:03:55.389 --> 00:03:58.389 And then shrouded him in three garments. 00:03:58.389 --> 00:04:01.580 The two Shaykhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded in their Sahihs, 00:04:01.580 --> 00:04:05.580 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 00:04:05.580 --> 00:04:08.580 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was shrouded 00:04:08.580 --> 00:04:12.580 In three white Sahuli garments 00:04:12.580 --> 00:04:14.580 Made of cotton, 00:04:14.580 --> 00:04:17.899 Containing neither a shirt nor a turban." 00:04:17.899 --> 00:04:20.899 Imam at-Tirmidhi said in his Jami': 00:04:20.899 --> 00:04:23.899 "Various narrations have been reported 00:04:23.899 --> 00:04:26.899 Regarding the shroud of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 00:04:26.899 --> 00:04:28.899 And the hadith of 'A'ishah 00:04:28.899 --> 00:04:33.899 Is the most authentic of the narrations reported concerning the shroud of the Prophet (peace be upon him). 00:04:33.899 --> 00:04:35.899 And the practice is according to the hadith of 'A'ishah 00:04:35.899 --> 00:04:37.899 Among the majority of the people of knowledge 00:04:37.899 --> 00:04:40.899 From the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:04:40.899 --> 00:04:42.899 And others." 00:04:42.899 --> 00:04:51.009 The Funeral Prayer over the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:04:51.009 --> 00:04:56.000 When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was shrouded, 00:04:56.000 --> 00:05:00.000 Permission was given to the people to pray over him individually, 00:05:00.000 --> 00:05:02.000 With no one leading them as an imam. 00:05:02.000 --> 00:05:05.029 Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad 00:05:05.029 --> 00:05:07.029 With an authentic chain of narration, 00:05:07.029 --> 00:05:10.029 On the authority of Abu 'Usayb (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:05:10.029 --> 00:05:15.029 That he witnessed the funeral prayer over the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:05:15.029 --> 00:05:19.029 They asked, "How shall we pray over him?" 00:05:19.029 --> 00:05:23.029 He replied, "Enter in groups, wave after wave." 00:05:23.029 --> 00:05:27.029 He said: "So they would enter from this door, 00:05:27.029 --> 00:05:29.029 Pray over him, 00:05:29.029 --> 00:05:32.029 And then exit through the other door." 00:05:32.029 --> 00:05:34.160 Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: 00:05:34.160 --> 00:05:36.160 "This practice— 00:05:36.160 --> 00:05:40.160 Namely, their praying over him (peace be upon him) individually, 00:05:40.160 --> 00:05:43.160 Without anyone leading them— 00:05:43.160 --> 00:05:46.160 Is a matter of consensus, without any difference of opinion." 00:05:46.160 --> 00:05:54.620 The Burial of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:05:54.620 --> 00:06:01.639 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was buried in the exact spot where he passed away. 00:06:01.639 --> 00:06:06.670 Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad and at-Tirmidhi in his Jami', 00:06:06.670 --> 00:06:10.670 With a chain that is authentic through its collective routes and supporting reports, 00:06:10.670 --> 00:06:13.670 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 00:06:13.670 --> 00:06:18.860 "When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away, 00:06:18.860 --> 00:06:20.930 They differed regarding his burial. 00:06:20.930 --> 00:06:23.930 Thereupon Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:06:23.930 --> 00:06:27.930 'I heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:06:27.930 --> 00:06:29.930 Something that I have never forgotten; 00:06:29.930 --> 00:06:30.930 He said: 00:06:30.930 --> 00:06:36.930 "Allah never takes the soul of a Prophet except in the very place where he loves to be buried." 00:06:36.930 --> 00:06:40.089 Bury him in the spot of his bed.'" 00:06:40.089 --> 00:06:44.089 Imam at-Tirmidhi recorded in ash-Shama'il with an authentic chain of narration, 00:06:44.089 --> 00:06:49.089 On the authority of Salim ibn 'Ubayd al-Ashja'i (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:06:49.089 --> 00:06:53.089 "They said to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:06:53.089 --> 00:06:57.089 'O companion of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:06:57.089 --> 00:07:01.089 Is the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to be buried?' 00:07:01.089 --> 00:07:03.089 He replied, 'Yes.' 00:07:03.089 --> 00:07:05.089 They asked, 'Where?' 00:07:05.089 --> 00:07:07.089 He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:07:07.089 --> 00:07:10.089 'In the place where Allah took his soul, 00:07:10.089 --> 00:07:15.089 For Allah would not take his soul except in a blessed and pure place.'" 00:07:15.089 --> 00:07:18.220 Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, 00:07:18.220 --> 00:07:21.220 And Ibn Majah in his Sunan with a good chain of narration, 00:07:21.220 --> 00:07:25.250 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:07:25.250 --> 00:07:29.250 "When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away, 00:07:29.250 --> 00:07:32.250 There was a man in Medina who used to dig graves with a side niche (lahd), 00:07:32.250 --> 00:07:34.250 And another who dug straight trench graves (darh). 00:07:34.250 --> 00:07:36.310 So they said: 00:07:36.310 --> 00:07:39.310 'Let us seek guidance from our Lord (istikharah) and send for both of them, 00:07:39.310 --> 00:07:42.310 And whichever of them arrives first, we shall leave the work to him.' 00:07:42.310 --> 00:07:44.310 So messengers were sent to both of them, 00:07:44.310 --> 00:07:46.310 And the one who dug the side niche (lahd) arrived first, 00:07:46.310 --> 00:07:50.310 So they dug a lahd grave for the Prophet (peace be upon him)." 00:07:50.310 --> 00:07:54.569 Ibn Hibban recorded in his Sahih with a sound chain of narration, 00:07:54.569 --> 00:07:58.569 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:07:58.569 --> 00:08:02.569 "Those who entered the grave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) were 00:08:02.569 --> 00:08:05.569 Al-'Abbas, 'Ali, and al-Fadl; 00:08:05.569 --> 00:08:08.569 And a man from the Ansar leveled the bricks of his niche, 00:08:08.569 --> 00:08:12.569 The same one who had prepared the niches for the martyrs on the day of Badr." 00:08:12.569 --> 00:08:15.569 The Sheikh commented in the footnote: 00:08:15.569 --> 00:08:20.569 "He was Abu Talhah Zayd ibn Sahl al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him)." 00:08:20.569 --> 00:08:23.889 Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih, 00:08:23.889 --> 00:08:27.889 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:08:27.889 --> 00:08:31.889 "There was placed in the grave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:08:31.889 --> 00:08:33.889 A red velvet cloth." 00:08:33.889 --> 00:08:37.919 Imam at-Tirmidhi recorded in his Jami' with a good chain of narration, 00:08:37.919 --> 00:08:40.919 On the authority of Shuqran (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:08:40.919 --> 00:08:47.919 "By Allah, it was I who spread the velvet cloth beneath the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in the grave." 00:08:47.919 --> 00:08:52.019 Ibn Majah recorded with a chain that is good due to corroborating evidence, 00:08:52.019 --> 00:08:56.019 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:08:56.019 --> 00:09:00.019 "Shuqran, his freed slave, took a velvet cloth 00:09:00.019 --> 00:09:04.019 That the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to wear, 00:09:04.019 --> 00:09:06.019 And placed it in the grave, 00:09:06.019 --> 00:09:11.019 Saying: 'By Allah, no one shall ever wear it after you!' 00:09:11.019 --> 00:09:16.019 So it was buried alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)." 00:09:16.019 --> 00:09:21.080 The burial of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took place on Wednesday night, 00:09:51.299 --> 00:09:55.299 Late in the night on the eve of Wednesday. 00:09:55.299 --> 00:09:57.299 Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: 00:09:57.299 --> 00:10:08.299 "The correct view is that he (peace be upon him) remained through the rest of Monday and the entirety of Tuesday, and was buried on Wednesday night." 00:10:08.299 --> 00:10:10.299 Imam as-Sindi said: 00:10:10.299 --> 00:10:15.299 "The reason for delaying his burial (peace be upon him) 00:10:15.299 --> 00:10:20.299 Was due to the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) being occupied with momentous affairs, 00:10:20.299 --> 00:10:24.299 Such as the pledge of allegiance, whose delay was feared to cause tribulations (fitnah)." 00:10:24.299 --> 00:10:34.929 The Exclusive Distinctions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) Concerning His Shroud and Grave. 00:10:34.929 --> 00:10:37.820 Imam adh-Dhahabi said: 00:10:37.820 --> 00:10:42.820 "As for his being buried in the room of 'A'ishah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:10:42.820 --> 00:10:44.820 It is exclusive to him, 00:10:44.820 --> 00:10:48.820 Just as he was exclusively distinguished by having a velvet cloth spread beneath him in his grave niche, 00:10:49.820 --> 00:10:53.820 And as he was exclusively distinguished by having the people pray over him individually without an imam, 00:10:53.820 --> 00:10:59.820 For he remained their imam alive and dead, in this world and the Hereafter; 00:10:59.820 --> 00:11:02.820 And as he was exclusively distinguished by having his burial delayed for two days, 00:11:02.820 --> 00:11:05.820 Whereas delaying burial is disliked for his Ummah, 00:11:05.820 --> 00:11:09.820 Because his noble body was safe from physical change, unlike the rest of us; 00:11:09.820 --> 00:11:14.820 Furthermore, they delayed it so that all of them could pray over him inside his room, 00:11:14.820 --> 00:11:17.860 Which took a long time to accomplish; 00:11:17.860 --> 00:11:21.860 And also because they hesitated during the first half of the first day regarding his death, 00:11:21.860 --> 00:11:26.860 Until Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived from as-Sunh. 00:11:26.860 --> 00:11:30.080 These were the reasons for the delay." 00:11:30.080 --> 00:11:34.080 Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad with an authentic chain of narration, 00:11:34.080 --> 00:11:38.080 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:11:38.080 --> 00:11:42.080 "I never saw a day more radiant or more beautiful 00:11:42.080 --> 00:11:45.080 Than the day the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:11:45.080 --> 00:11:48.080 And Abu Bakr entered Medina, 00:11:48.080 --> 00:11:50.080 And I witnessed his death, 00:11:50.080 --> 00:11:54.080 And I never saw a day darker or more sorrowful 00:11:54.080 --> 00:11:59.080 Than the day on which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away." 00:11:59.080 --> 00:12:02.139 Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, 00:12:02.139 --> 00:12:05.139 And Ibn Majah in his Sunan with an authentic chain of narration, 00:12:05.139 --> 00:12:09.139 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:12:09.139 --> 00:12:15.139 "When the day came that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) entered Medina, 00:12:15.139 --> 00:12:18.139 Everything in it was illuminated, 00:12:18.139 --> 00:12:24.139 But when the day came that he died, everything in it turned dark. 00:12:24.139 --> 00:12:29.139 And no sooner had we dusted off our hands from burying the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:12:29.139 --> 00:12:32.139 Than we felt a profound change in our hearts." 00:12:32.139 --> 00:12:35.460 Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih, 00:12:36.460 --> 00:12:40.460 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:12:40.460 --> 00:12:47.460 "Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away: 00:12:47.460 --> 00:12:51.460 'O my father! He has answered the call of a Lord Who summoned him! 00:12:51.460 --> 00:12:56.559 O my father! The Garden of Firdaws is now his abode! 00:12:56.559 --> 00:13:00.559 O my father! To Gabriel we announce his death!' 00:13:00.559 --> 00:13:05.720 I say: 'To Allah we belong and to Him we shall return.' 00:13:05.720 --> 00:13:08.820 And we bear witness before Allah, Exalted and Glorified is He, 00:13:08.820 --> 00:13:13.820 That His Messenger (peace be upon him) delivered the message, 00:13:13.820 --> 00:13:16.820 and he fulfilled the trust, gave sincere counsel to the Ummah, 00:13:16.820 --> 00:13:19.820 and left us upon the clear, illuminated path, 00:13:19.820 --> 00:13:22.820 whose night is as bright as its day. 00:13:22.820 --> 00:13:27.980 May the peace, blessings, and grace of Allah be upon our Prophet Muhammad, 00:13:27.980 --> 00:13:31.980 and upon all his family and Companions. 00:13:31.980 --> 00:13:37.169 An Abridgment of the Prophetic biography (Seerah): 00:13:37.169 --> 00:13:43.169 If people's longing for one another endures, 00:13:43.169 --> 00:13:50.230 then the yearning for you is beyond all measure. 00:13:50.230 --> 00:13:56.549 May Allah send blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised, 00:13:57.549 --> 00:14:02.779 and whenever lips move 00:14:02.779 --> 00:14:05.509 with the enduring remembrance of Allah.