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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.

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The hidden form of arrogance.

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A person may become afflicted with a degree of arrogance without even realizing it.

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It may manifest in the guise of high ambition.

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Yet its reality is a sense of superiority over others through one's purported ambition.

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And boasting about it.

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And showing disapproval toward those who do not hold one in high regard.

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And turning one’s cheek away from people in disdain.

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It may also appear in the form of claiming zeal for the sake of Allah the Almighty.

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Yet its reality is zeal for the sake of one's own self.

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The difference between the two is:

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That zeal for the sake of Allah,

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Is stirred by the glorification of Allah the Almighty and the glorification of His command.

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It is to protect one’s heart for Allah by honoring His rights, glory be to Him.

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This is the state of a servant whose heart has been illuminated by the light of Allah’s sovereignty.

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And whose heart has been filled with it.

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To the extent that he becomes angry for the sake of the light of that sovereignty.

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Just as was the state of the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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For it is narrated from ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her:

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That the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, never sought retribution for himself,

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Unless a sanctity of Allah was violated,

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In which case he would seek retribution for the sake of Allah.

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Agreed upon.

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Thus, it is a zeal that originates from the tranquil soul (al-nafs al-mutma’innah),

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Which is stirred by the glorification of the rights of Allah the Almighty.

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Whereas zeal for the sake of the self,

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Is stirred by the glorification of the self.

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And anger over the loss of its personal interests.

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It is a heat that surges from the soul due to the loss of its own share.

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And it originates from the soul that prompts to evil (al-nafs al-ammarah bi-l-su’),

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Which is stirred by the perception of a lost personal interest.