WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 Riyad al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:16.149 Chapter: Clarifying the group of martyrs who receive the reward of the Hereafter. 00:00:16.149 --> 00:00:19.149 They are washed and the funeral prayer is performed over them. 00:00:19.149 --> 00:00:23.149 This is unlike the one killed in battle against the disbelievers. 00:00:23.149 --> 00:00:27.589 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:00:27.589 --> 00:00:31.589 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:00:31.589 --> 00:00:38.659 "The martyrs are five: the one who dies of the plague, the one who dies of a stomach ailment, the one who drowns, 00:00:38.659 --> 00:00:43.780 the one who dies under a collapsed building, and the martyr in the way of Allah." 00:00:43.780 --> 00:00:51.159 Agreed upon. "The one who dies of the plague" means the one who dies from the epidemic. 00:00:51.159 --> 00:00:56.219 "The one who dies of a stomach ailment" means one who dies from a disease of the stomach. 00:00:56.219 --> 00:01:01.929 "The one who dies under a collapsed building" is the one who dies beneath rubble. 00:01:01.929 --> 00:01:04.250 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:01:04.250 --> 00:01:10.790 Martyrs are of two types: the martyr of this world and the martyr of the Hereafter. 00:01:10.790 --> 00:01:13.790 The martyrs of this world are those mentioned [in the hadith]. 00:01:13.790 --> 00:01:16.790 They are granted the reward of martyrs in the Hereafter, 00:01:16.790 --> 00:01:20.790 but the rulings of martyrdom in this world do not apply to them. 00:01:20.790 --> 00:01:26.239 Rather, they are washed, shrouded, and the funeral prayer is performed over them. 00:01:26.239 --> 00:01:29.239 The martyrs of the Hereafter are those killed in battle against the disbelievers, 00:01:29.239 --> 00:01:33.819 advancing and not retreating, being sincere. 00:01:33.819 --> 00:01:36.819 The number mentioned in the hadith is not intended to be exhaustive. 00:01:36.819 --> 00:01:40.819 For it has been authentically reported from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:01:40.819 --> 00:01:44.819 that he mentioned a group of martyrs other than these. 00:01:44.819 --> 00:01:49.819 Among them is the one thrown by his horse, the one stung by a venomous creature, 00:01:49.819 --> 00:01:53.819 the woman who dies in childbirth due to her child, 00:01:53.819 --> 00:01:57.819 death by burning, and death by tuberculosis. 00:01:57.819 --> 00:02:02.819 And whoever is killed defending his rights, whether regarding his person, honor, or wealth. 00:02:02.819 --> 00:02:07.969 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:02:07.969 --> 00:02:11.969 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:02:11.969 --> 00:02:14.969 "Who do you consider to be the martyrs among you?" 00:02:14.969 --> 00:02:17.969 They said: "O Messenger of Allah, 00:02:17.969 --> 00:02:21.969 whoever is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr." 00:02:21.969 --> 00:02:27.000 He said: "Then the martyrs of my Ummah would be few." 00:02:27.000 --> 00:02:31.060 They asked: "Then who are they, O Messenger of Allah?" 00:02:31.060 --> 00:02:36.060 He said: "Whoever is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr, 00:02:36.060 --> 00:02:40.060 whoever dies in the way of Allah is a martyr, 00:02:40.060 --> 00:02:44.060 whoever dies of the plague is a martyr, 00:02:44.060 --> 00:02:47.060 whoever dies of a stomach ailment is a martyr, 00:02:47.060 --> 00:02:50.129 and the one who drowns is a martyr." 00:02:50.129 --> 00:02:52.129 Narrated by Muslim. 00:02:52.129 --> 00:02:54.960 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:02:54.960 --> 00:02:59.629 An illustration of the vastness of Allah’s mercy and His bounty. 00:02:59.629 --> 00:03:02.629 Allah’s care for this Ummah. 00:03:02.629 --> 00:03:07.629 He has granted those mentioned in the hadiths the reward of martyrs. 00:03:07.629 --> 00:03:11.629 Highlighting the best Ummah brought forth for mankind. 00:03:11.629 --> 00:03:16.139 “Neither those who disbelieve among the people of the Scripture nor the idolaters love that there should be sent down unto you any good thing from your Lord. But Allah chooseth for His mercy whom He will, and Allah is of Infinite Bounty.” (2:105) 00:03:16.139 --> 00:03:19.139 The keenness of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:03:19.139 --> 00:03:22.139 to give the concept of martyrdom a deeper dimension 00:03:22.139 --> 00:03:28.139 and a more profound meaning than what was established in the minds of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them. 00:03:28.139 --> 00:03:34.259 On the authority of ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:03:34.259 --> 00:03:38.259 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:03:38.259 --> 00:03:42.330 "Whoever is killed defending his wealth is a martyr." 00:03:42.330 --> 00:03:45.939 Agreed upon. 00:03:45.939 --> 00:03:47.939 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:03:47.939 --> 00:03:54.639 It is permissible for a man to defend against one who intends to take his wealth, or any part of it, unjustly. 00:03:54.639 --> 00:03:56.639 If the aggressor is killed, 00:03:56.639 --> 00:03:59.639 then there is no retaliation (qisas) or blood money (diyah) upon the killer, 00:03:59.639 --> 00:04:02.639 because if he had been killed, he would have been a martyr. 00:04:02.639 --> 00:04:06.639 Thus, sin is completely removed from him. 00:04:06.639 --> 00:04:09.889 On the authority of Abu al-A‘war, 00:04:09.889 --> 00:04:13.889 Sa‘id ibn Zayd ibn ‘Amr ibn Nufayl, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:04:13.889 --> 00:04:18.889 one of the ten promised Paradise, may Allah be pleased with them, 00:04:18.889 --> 00:04:19.889 who said: 00:04:19.889 --> 00:04:24.889 I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say: 00:04:24.889 --> 00:04:29.019 "Whoever is killed defending his wealth is a martyr, 00:04:29.019 --> 00:04:33.019 whoever is killed defending his blood (life) is a martyr, 00:04:33.019 --> 00:04:37.019 whoever is killed defending his religion is a martyr, 00:04:37.019 --> 00:04:41.019 and whoever is killed defending his family is a martyr." 00:04:41.019 --> 00:04:44.399 Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi. 00:04:44.399 --> 00:04:48.259 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:04:48.259 --> 00:04:53.389 The permissibility of defending one’s religion, wealth, life, and honor. 00:04:53.389 --> 00:04:57.870 Whoever is killed defending any of these is a martyr. 00:04:57.870 --> 00:05:02.350 Islam’s concern for preserving the five necessities: 00:05:02.350 --> 00:05:07.350 which are religion, intellect, life, honor, and wealth. 00:05:07.350 --> 00:05:12.500 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:05:12.500 --> 00:05:18.500 A man came to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and said: 00:05:18.500 --> 00:05:24.600 "O Messenger of Allah, what if a man comes wanting to take my wealth?" 00:05:24.600 --> 00:05:27.600 He said: "Do not give him your wealth." 00:05:27.600 --> 00:05:31.660 He asked: "What if he fights me?" 00:05:31.660 --> 00:05:34.920 He said: "Fight him." 00:05:34.920 --> 00:05:37.920 He asked: "What if he kills me?" 00:05:37.920 --> 00:05:40.920 He said: "Then you are a martyr." 00:05:40.920 --> 00:05:45.050 He asked: "What if I kill him?" 00:05:45.050 --> 00:05:48.180 He said: "He is in the Fire." 00:05:48.180 --> 00:05:50.339 Narrated by Muslim. 00:05:50.339 --> 00:05:55.389 "What if" means "tell me." 00:05:55.389 --> 00:05:57.579 "Wanting to take my wealth" 00:05:57.579 --> 00:05:59.579 means without right. 00:05:59.579 --> 00:06:02.990 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:02.990 --> 00:06:07.439 The hadith is evidence that knowledge precedes action, 00:06:07.439 --> 00:06:12.439 as this Companion asked the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:06:12.439 --> 00:06:16.439 about what he must do before he actually had to act. 00:06:16.439 --> 00:06:19.889 One should be gradual in repelling an aggressor, 00:06:19.889 --> 00:06:24.889 by admonition or seeking help before resorting to fighting him. 00:06:24.889 --> 00:06:26.889 If one must resort to fighting him, 00:06:26.889 --> 00:06:29.889 his intention should be to repel him, not to kill him. 00:06:29.889 --> 00:06:34.430 The blood, wealth, and honor of a Muslim are sacred. 00:06:34.430 --> 00:06:41.980 Chapter: The virtue of manumission (freeing slaves). 00:06:41.980 --> 00:06:43.980 Allah the Almighty says: 00:06:43.980 --> 00:06:46.139 "But he has not attempted the steep path." 00:06:46.139 --> 00:06:49.139 “Ah, what will convey unto thee what the Ascent is! -” (90:12) 00:06:49.139 --> 00:06:51.139 "And what can make you know what is the steep path? It is the freeing of a slave." 00:06:51.139 --> 00:06:56.930 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:06:56.930 --> 00:07:00.930 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to me: 00:07:00.930 --> 00:07:03.990 "Whoever frees a Muslim slave, 00:07:03.990 --> 00:07:08.990 Allah will free every limb of his from the Fire for every limb of the slave, 00:07:08.990 --> 00:07:11.990 even his private parts for his private parts." 00:07:11.990 --> 00:07:14.180 Agreed upon. 00:07:14.180 --> 00:07:18.300 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:07:18.300 --> 00:07:20.300 Clarifying the virtue of manumission. 00:07:20.300 --> 00:07:24.980 Freeing a male slave is better than freeing a female slave. 00:07:24.980 --> 00:07:28.980 Clarifying Islam’s concern for freeing enslaved people, 00:07:28.980 --> 00:07:30.980 which was a custom among the Arabs. 00:07:30.980 --> 00:07:33.550 Mentioning the limbs 00:07:33.550 --> 00:07:36.550 is an indication that the slave should be whole, 00:07:36.550 --> 00:07:38.550 having no defects, 00:07:38.550 --> 00:07:41.550 so that the reward is complete. 00:07:41.550 --> 00:07:45.800 On the authority of Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:07:45.800 --> 00:07:48.800 I said: "O Messenger of Allah, 00:07:48.800 --> 00:07:50.800 which deeds are best?" 00:07:50.800 --> 00:07:52.860 He said: 00:07:52.860 --> 00:07:54.860 "Faith in Allah 00:07:54.860 --> 00:07:57.899 and Jihad in the way of Allah." 00:07:57.899 --> 00:07:58.899 He said: 00:07:58.899 --> 00:08:01.899 I asked: "Which slaves are best [to free]?" 00:08:01.899 --> 00:08:02.899 He said: 00:08:02.899 --> 00:08:05.899 "Those most valuable to their owners 00:08:05.899 --> 00:08:07.899 and most expensive." 00:08:07.899 --> 00:08:09.959 Agreed upon. 00:08:09.959 --> 00:08:18.149 Chapter: The virtue of treating the slave well. 00:08:18.149 --> 00:08:20.339 Allah the Almighty says: 00:08:20.339 --> 00:08:24.339 "Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, 00:08:24.339 --> 00:08:26.339 and to parents do good, 00:08:26.339 --> 00:08:30.339 and to relatives, orphans, the needy, 00:08:30.339 --> 00:08:34.340 the near neighbor, the distant neighbor, 00:08:34.340 --> 00:08:37.340 the companion at your side, the traveler, 00:08:37.340 --> 00:08:40.340 and those whom your right hands possess." 00:08:40.340 --> 00:08:44.559 On the authority of al-Ma‘rur ibn Suwayd, who said: 00:08:44.559 --> 00:08:49.559 I saw Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, wearing a garment, 00:08:49.559 --> 00:08:51.559 and his slave was wearing one like it. 00:08:51.559 --> 00:08:54.559 I asked him about that, 00:08:54.559 --> 00:09:01.559 and he mentioned that he had insulted a man during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:09:01.559 --> 00:09:03.559 and shamed him regarding his mother. 00:09:03.559 --> 00:09:07.559 The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 00:09:07.559 --> 00:09:10.559 "You are a man in whom there is Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic ignorance). 00:09:10.559 --> 00:09:13.590 They are your brothers and your servants; 00:09:13.590 --> 00:09:16.590 Allah has placed them under your authority. 00:09:16.590 --> 00:09:19.620 So whoever has his brother under his authority, 00:09:19.620 --> 00:09:22.620 let him feed him from what he eats, 00:09:22.620 --> 00:09:25.620 and let him clothe him from what he wears. 00:09:25.620 --> 00:09:28.620 Do not burden them with what is beyond their strength, 00:09:28.620 --> 00:09:32.620 and if you do burden them, then help them." 00:09:32.620 --> 00:09:36.649 Agreed upon. 00:09:36.649 --> 00:09:38.649 "In you is Jahiliyyah" 00:09:38.649 --> 00:09:42.710 means you possess a trait from the traits of the pre-Islamic era. 00:09:42.710 --> 00:09:47.509 "Servants" (khawal) means the staff and attendants. 00:09:47.509 --> 00:09:49.509 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:09:49.509 --> 00:09:55.059 One should treat the slave well and observe their brotherhood. 00:09:55.059 --> 00:09:59.059 The prohibition against insulting slaves and shaming them for their parentage. 00:09:59.059 --> 00:10:03.059 The encouragement to treat them with kindness and gentleness. 00:10:03.059 --> 00:10:05.059 Included with slaves 00:10:05.059 --> 00:10:08.059 are those in a similar position, such as employees and others. 00:10:08.059 --> 00:10:12.539 Not to act superior to a Muslim or look down upon him. 00:10:12.539 --> 00:10:17.460 Using the term "brother" for a slave. 00:10:17.460 --> 00:10:22.460 The brotherhood of faith is higher than any other value. 00:10:22.460 --> 00:10:26.460 The dissolving of differences that stand between brothers 00:10:26.460 --> 00:10:31.039 in the crucible of faith and ideological cohesion. 00:10:31.039 --> 00:10:35.039 Boasting of lineage and attacking ancestry 00:10:35.039 --> 00:10:40.039 are among the traits of Jahiliyyah that Islam dismantled, bond by bond. 00:10:40.039 --> 00:10:44.549 A man, despite his virtue, knowledge, and religion, 00:10:44.549 --> 00:10:49.549 may still possess some of these traits called Jahiliyyah, 00:10:49.549 --> 00:10:54.059 and this does not necessitate his disbelief or corruption. 00:10:54.059 --> 00:10:58.059 The keenness of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:10:58.059 --> 00:11:00.059 to respond to his intent 00:11:00.059 --> 00:11:05.059 and apply his Sunnah to themselves and those they support. 00:11:05.059 --> 00:11:09.220 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:11:09.220 --> 00:11:13.220 from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said: 00:11:13.220 --> 00:11:17.309 "When a servant brings food to one of you, 00:11:17.309 --> 00:11:19.309 if he does not have him sit with him, 00:11:19.309 --> 00:11:22.309 let him offer him a morsel or two, 00:11:22.309 --> 00:11:25.309 or a bite or two, 00:11:25.309 --> 00:11:28.309 for he has handled the preparation." 00:11:28.309 --> 00:11:31.440 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:11:31.440 --> 00:11:35.370 "A bite" is the morsel. 00:11:35.370 --> 00:11:38.620 "Handled the preparation" means he did the work. 00:11:38.620 --> 00:11:42.649 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:11:42.649 --> 00:11:46.000 Encouragement toward humility and good character. 00:11:46.000 --> 00:11:50.000 Either by having the servant sit for food and drink, 00:11:50.000 --> 00:11:53.509 or by giving him some of it. 00:11:53.509 --> 00:11:56.509 Whoever is in charge of any of the Muslims, 00:11:56.509 --> 00:11:58.509 must treat them well 00:11:58.509 --> 00:12:00.960 and not make things difficult for them. 00:12:00.960 --> 00:12:03.960 Treating a slave or employee well 00:12:03.960 --> 00:12:05.960 makes him master his work, 00:12:05.960 --> 00:12:08.960 and love his masters and be loyal to them. 00:12:08.960 --> 00:12:13.740 Chapter: The virtue of the slave 00:12:13.740 --> 00:12:17.740 who fulfills the right of Allah and the right of his masters. 00:12:17.740 --> 00:12:21.929 On the authority of Ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:12:21.929 --> 00:12:26.929 that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:12:26.929 --> 00:12:29.929 "If a slave is sincere to his master 00:12:29.929 --> 00:12:31.929 and worships Allah well, 00:12:31.929 --> 00:12:34.929 He shall have his reward twice. 00:12:34.929 --> 00:12:36.960 Agreed upon. 00:12:36.960 --> 00:12:41.139 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:12:41.139 --> 00:12:44.139 The merit of the slave who fulfills the right of Allah, 00:12:44.139 --> 00:12:46.139 And the right of his masters. 00:12:46.139 --> 00:12:48.690 The advice to the master, 00:12:48.690 --> 00:12:51.690 Includes fulfilling his right regarding service and obedience, 00:12:51.690 --> 00:12:53.690 And safeguarding his wealth, 00:12:53.690 --> 00:12:56.690 Because the slave is a shepherd over his master's wealth, 00:12:56.690 --> 00:12:59.690 And he is responsible for his flock. 00:12:59.690 --> 00:13:02.139 Whoever is characterized by this, 00:13:02.139 --> 00:13:05.139 Shall have his reward twice. 00:13:05.139 --> 00:13:10.259 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:13:10.259 --> 00:13:14.259 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:13:14.259 --> 00:13:18.350 "The righteous slave has two rewards." 00:13:18.350 --> 00:13:21.350 By Him in Whose hand is the soul of Abu Hurayrah, 00:13:21.350 --> 00:13:24.350 Were it not for Jihad in the cause of Allah, 00:13:24.350 --> 00:13:27.350 And Hajj, and honoring my mother, 00:13:27.350 --> 00:13:31.610 I would have loved to die while being a slave. 00:13:31.610 --> 00:13:34.570 Agreed upon. 00:13:34.570 --> 00:13:36.570 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:13:36.570 --> 00:13:41.860 A slave is not obligated to perform Jihad or Hajj while in a state of servitude, 00:13:41.860 --> 00:13:45.370 Even if it is valid for him to perform them. 00:13:45.370 --> 00:13:50.370 Righteousness includes excellence in worship and sincerity toward the master. 00:13:50.370 --> 00:13:56.519 On the authority of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:13:56.519 --> 00:14:00.549 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:14:00.549 --> 00:14:04.549 "For the slave who worships his Lord well, 00:14:04.549 --> 00:14:08.549 And fulfills the rights he owes to his master, 00:14:08.549 --> 00:14:12.679 And offers sincerity and obedience, there are two rewards." 00:14:12.679 --> 00:14:15.000 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:19.000 On the authority of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:14:19.000 --> 00:14:23.000 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:14:23.000 --> 00:14:26.000 "Three types of people have two rewards: 00:14:26.000 --> 00:14:28.000 A man from the People of the Book, 00:14:28.000 --> 00:14:32.000 Who believed in his own prophet and believed in Muhammad, 00:14:32.000 --> 00:14:34.000 And a slave, 00:14:34.000 --> 00:14:38.000 Who fulfills the right of Allah and the right of his masters, 00:14:38.000 --> 00:14:41.029 And a man who had a slave-girl, 00:14:41.029 --> 00:14:44.029 And he disciplined her and perfected her discipline, 00:14:44.029 --> 00:14:47.029 And he taught her and perfected her education, 00:14:47.029 --> 00:14:50.029 Then he emancipated her and married her; 00:14:50.029 --> 00:14:52.029 He shall have two rewards." 00:14:52.029 --> 00:14:55.259 Agreed upon. 00:14:55.259 --> 00:14:58.149 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:14:58.149 --> 00:15:02.409 It is incumbent upon a man to educate his slave-girl and his family. 00:15:02.409 --> 00:15:06.409 As for the slave-girl, the hadith is explicit in that regard. 00:15:06.409 --> 00:15:09.409 And the family is included here by analogy, 00:15:09.409 --> 00:15:15.409 Since taking care of free women in teaching them the obligatory duties of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, 00:15:15.409 --> 00:15:18.409 Is more emphasized than taking care of slave-girls. 00:15:18.409 --> 00:15:22.019 The merit of the believers among the People of the Book, 00:15:22.019 --> 00:15:26.019 Who believed in what Allah revealed to their prophets, 00:15:26.019 --> 00:15:30.019 Then recognized that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, 00:15:30.019 --> 00:15:33.019 So they believed in him and in what was revealed to him, 00:15:33.019 --> 00:15:37.019 Thus Allah gave them their reward twice. 00:15:37.019 --> 00:15:42.620 The slave who fulfills the right of Allah and the right of his masters, 00:15:42.620 --> 00:15:46.039 Is given his reward twice. 00:15:46.039 --> 00:15:49.039 Whoever marries his slave-girl after emancipating her, 00:15:49.039 --> 00:15:51.039 Shall have two rewards. 00:15:51.039 --> 00:15:56.200 Riyadh al-Salihin.