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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah Fussilat.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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We have appointed for them companions.

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“And We assigned them comrades (in the world), who made their present and their past fairseeming unto them. And the Word concerning nations of the jinn and humankind who passed away before them hath effect for them. Lo! they were ever losers.” (41:25)

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“And We assigned them comrades (in the world), who made their present and their past fairseeming unto them. And the Word concerning nations of the jinn and humankind who passed away before them hath effect for them. Lo! they were ever losers.” (41:25)

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And what is behind them.

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And the word has come into effect upon them.

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“And We assigned them comrades (in the world), who made their present and their past fairseeming unto them. And the Word concerning nations of the jinn and humankind who passed away before them hath effect for them. Lo! they were ever losers.” (41:25)

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[Nations] have passed away before them.

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From among the jinn and mankind.

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Indeed, they were the losers.

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We sent them counterparts from among the devils.

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And We made them their companions.

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We bound them to them.

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They make their ugly deeds appear fair to them.

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“And We assigned them comrades (in the world), who made their present and their past fairseeming unto them. And the Word concerning nations of the jinn and humankind who passed away before them hath effect for them. Lo! they were ever losers.” (41:25)

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Regarding worldly affairs.

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And they also made their life after death seem appealing to them.

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By inviting them to deny the Resurrection.

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And the punishment became inevitable for them, just as it did for nations.

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That had passed away before them.

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It became inevitable for them from Our punishment.

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Just as it became inevitable for these [later ones].

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Some of them from the jinn.

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And some of them from mankind.

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Indeed, those nations were the ones who were cheated.

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By trading the pleasure of Allah for His wrath.

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And those who disbelieved said:

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“Those who disbelieve say: Heed not this Qur'an, and drown the hearing of it; haply ye may conquer.” (41:26)

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And speak noisily during it, so that you may prevail.

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And those who disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger said:

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Do not listen to the reciter of this Qur'an.

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When he recites it.

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And do not pay attention to him.

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And make noise with false speech when he recites it.

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So that by your doing so,

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You may turn away those who wish to listen to it.

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So that they do not hear it.

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And thus you may prevail over Muhammad, peace be upon him.

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We shall surely make those who disbelieved taste.

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A severe punishment.

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And We shall surely recompense them.

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And We shall surely recompense them.

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“But verily We shall cause those who disbelieve to taste an awful doom, and verily We shall requite them the worst of what they used to do.” (41:27)

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We shall surely make those who disbelieved in Allah taste.

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A severe punishment in the Hereafter.

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And We shall surely reward them for that action of theirs.

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And other [actions] with the worst recompense for their deeds.

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Which they committed in the world.

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“That is the reward of Allah's enemies: the Fire. Therein is their immortal home, payment forasmuch as they denied Our revelations.” (41:28)

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“That is the reward of Allah's enemies: the Fire. Therein is their immortal home, payment forasmuch as they denied Our revelations.” (41:28)

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“That is the reward of Allah's enemies: the Fire. Therein is their immortal home, payment forasmuch as they denied Our revelations.” (41:28)

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This recompense with which these people are repaid.

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Is the Fire.

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For them therein is the home of eternal stay and dwelling.

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We did this which We did.

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As a recompense from Us for their rejection of Our signs.

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“And those who disbelieve will say: Our Lord! Show us those who beguiled us of the jinn and humankind. We will place them underneath our feet that they may be among the nethermost.” (41:29)

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Show us those who misled us.

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From among the jinn and mankind.

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We will place them under our feet.

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So that they may be among the lowest.

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And those who disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger said:

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Our Lord, show us those who misled us.

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From Your creation, from their jinn and their mankind.

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We will place these two who misled us.

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Under our feet.

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So that they may be in the severest punishment.

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“Lo! the hypocrites (will be) in the lowest deep of the Fire, and thou wilt find no helper for them;” (4:145)

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Indeed, those who said, "Our Lord is Allah,"

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Then remained steadfast.

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The angels descend upon them.

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[Saying], "Do not fear and do not grieve."

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And receive the good tidings of Paradise.

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Which you were promised.

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Indeed, those who said, "Our Lord is Allah,"

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Alone, with no partner unto Him.

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Then remained steadfast upon the monotheism of Allah.

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The angels descend upon them.

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At the time of their death.

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[Saying], "Do not fear what lies before you."

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"And do not grieve for what you leave behind you."

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And they were gladdened that for them in the Hereafter is Paradise.

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Which you were promised in the world.

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We are your allies.

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In the worldly life and in the Hereafter.

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“We are your protecting friends in the life of the world and in the Hereafter. There ye will have (all) that your souls desire, and there ye will have (all) for which ye pray.” (41:31)

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“We are your protecting friends in the life of the world and in the Hereafter. There ye will have (all) that your souls desire, and there ye will have (all) for which ye pray.” (41:31)

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As a gift from the Forgiving, the Merciful.

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We are your allies, O people, in the worldly life.

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We were your guardians therein.

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And in the Hereafter, we are also your allies.

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And you have in the Hereafter, with Allah, whatever your souls desire.

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Of pleasures and delights.

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Your Lord has granted you that as a gift.

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From a Lord who is Forgiving of your sins.

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Merciful to you, that He would punish you after your repentance.

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And who is better in speech than one who invites to Allah?

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And does righteousness.

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“And who is better in speech than him who prayeth unto his Lord and doeth right, and saith: Lo! I am of those who are muslims (surrender unto Him).” (41:33)

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And who, O people, is better in speech than one who says, "Our Lord is Allah,"

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Then remains steadfast in faith in Him.

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And invites the servants of Allah to what he said and acted upon.

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And says, "Indeed, I am of those who submit to Allah in obedience."

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“The good deed and the evil deed are not alike. Repel the evil deed with one which is better, then lo! he, between whom and thee there was enmity (will become) as though he was a bosom friend.” (41:34)

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Repel [evil] with that which is better.

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“The good deed and the evil deed are not alike. Repel the evil deed with one which is better, then lo! he, between whom and thee there was enmity (will become) as though he was a bosom friend.” (41:34)

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And faith in Allah and acting in obedience to Him are not equal.

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To associating partners with Him and acting in disobedience to Him.

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Repel, O Muhammad, with your forbearance, the ignorance of those who are ignorant toward you.

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So that the one who does evil to you.

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“The good deed and the evil deed are not alike. Repel the evil deed with one which is better, then lo! he, between whom and thee there was enmity (will become) as though he was a bosom friend.” (41:34)

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Will become as if he were [your] close friend, due to his gentleness toward you and his kindness to you.

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A relative of yours from among your cousins.

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“But none is granted it save those who are steadfast, and none is granted it save the owner of great happiness.” (41:35)

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“But none is granted it save those who are steadfast, and none is granted it save the owner of great happiness.” (41:35)

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And none is granted the repelling of evil with good.

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Except those who are patient for the sake of Allah against adversities and difficult matters.

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And none attains this quality.

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Except one who has a great share and a prior record of good deeds.

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And if an evil suggestion comes to you from Satan.

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“And if a whisper from the devil reach thee (O Muhammad) then seek refuge in Allah. Lo! He is the Hearer, the Knower.” (41:36)

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And if Satan casts into your soul, O Muhammad.

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A whisper from the inner self.

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An urge to make you retaliate for evil with evil.

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Then seek refuge in Allah and hold fast against his footsteps.

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Indeed, Allah is the All-Hearing of your seeking refuge from his whisperings.

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And of other than that of your speech.

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The All-Knowing of what he casts into your soul of his whisperings.

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And other than that of your affairs and the affairs of His creation.

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“And of His portents are the night and the day and the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate to the sun or the moon; but prostrate to Allah Who created them, if it is in truth Him Whom ye worship.” (41:37)

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“And of His portents are the night and the day and the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate to the sun or the moon; but prostrate to Allah Who created them, if it is in truth Him Whom ye worship.” (41:37)

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And they prostrated to Allah.

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And they prostrated to Allah who created them.

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If it is Him that you worship.

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And among the proofs of Allah Almighty to His creation is the alternation of the night and the day.

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And the succession of each one of them by the other.

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And the sun and the moon.

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Do not prostrate, O people, to the sun nor to the moon.

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For although they run in their orbit for your benefit.

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They only run by the command of Allah, obedient to Him.

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Not because they are capable by themselves of movement and running.

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But prostrate to Allah who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon.

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If you worship Allah and humble yourselves to Him in obedience.

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But if these people among whom you are, the polytheists of Quraysh, grow arrogant, O Muhammad.

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And consider themselves too great to prostrate to Allah who created them.

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Then the angels who are with your Lord do not grow arrogant regarding that.

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Nor do they consider themselves too great for it.

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Rather, they glorify Him night and day.

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And they do not tire of their worship, nor do they weary of praying to Him.

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When We send down water upon it, it stirs and swells.

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Indeed, He who revived it is the One who will revive the dead.

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Indeed, He is over all things competent.

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And among the proofs of Allah also, and His evidence for His power to resurrect the dead.

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Is that you, O Muhammad, see the earth barren and dusty.

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With no vegetation or crops in it.

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Then when We send down rain from the sky upon this earth.

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It stirs with vegetation and swells.

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Indeed, He who revived this earth.

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Is capable of reviving the dead of the children of Adam after their death.

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Indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad, regarding the revival of His creation after their death.

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And regarding everything He wills.

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Is Possessor of power; nothing He wills can frustrate Him.

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“Lo! those who distort Our revelations are not hid from Us. Is he who is hurled into the Fire better, or he who cometh secure on the Day of Resurrection? Do what ye will. Lo! He is Seer of what ye do.” (41:40)

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“Lo! those who distort Our revelations are not hid from Us. Is he who is hurled into the Fire better, or he who cometh secure on the Day of Resurrection? Do what ye will. Lo! He is Seer of what ye do.” (41:40)

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“Lo! those who distort Our revelations are not hid from Us. Is he who is hurled into the Fire better, or he who cometh secure on the Day of Resurrection? Do what ye will. Lo! He is Seer of what ye do.” (41:40)

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Indeed, those who deviate from the truth regarding Our proofs and evidence.

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We are aware of them; they are not hidden from Us.

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And We are watching them.

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Is he who is cast into the Fire better?

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Or he who comes on the Day of Resurrection secure from the punishment of Allah due to his faith in Allah?

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Indeed, if he believes in the signs of Allah and follows the command of Allah.

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He will be secure on the Day of Resurrection.

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Do whatever you wish.

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This is also a threat to them.

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Indeed, Allah, O people, regarding the deeds you perform.

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Is All-Knowing and All-Aware.

181
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Nothing of them or of anything else is hidden from Him.

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Indeed, those who disbelieved in the Reminder when it came to them.

183
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And indeed, it is a mighty Book.

184
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“Falsehood cannot come at it from before it or from behind it. (It is) a revelation from the Wise, the Owner of Praise.” (41:42)

185
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“Falsehood cannot come at it from before it or from behind it. (It is) a revelation from the Wise, the Owner of Praise.” (41:42)

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Indeed, those who rejected this Qur'an and denied it when it came to them.

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And indeed, this Reminder is a mighty Book, honored by Allah.

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And protected from anyone who wishes to alter or distort it.

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No person of falsehood can change it by his plotting.

190
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Or alter any of its meanings from what they are.

191
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And that is by approaching it from before it.

192
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Nor by adding to it what is not from it.

193
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And that is by approaching it from behind it.

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It is a revelation from One who is Wise in the management of His servants.

195
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Praised for His blessings upon them and His favors toward them.

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“Naught is said unto thee (Muhammad) save what was said unto the messengers before thee. Lo! thy Lord is owner of forgiveness, and owner (also) of dire punishment.” (41:43)

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“Naught is said unto thee (Muhammad) save what was said unto the messengers before thee. Lo! thy Lord is owner of forgiveness, and owner (also) of dire punishment.” (41:43)

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Nothing is said to you, O Muhammad, by these polytheists who deny [the truth].

199
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Except what was said by those before them from the nations.

200
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So be patient over what you have suffered of harm from them.

201
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Indeed, your Lord is Possessor of forgiveness for the sins of those who repent.

202
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And He is Possessor of painful punishment for those who persist in their disbelief and sins.

203
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“And if We had appointed it a Lecture in a foreign tongue they would assuredly have said: If only its verses were expounded (so that we might understand)? What! A foreign tongue and an Arab? - Say unto them (O Muhammad): For those who believe it is a guidance and a healing; and as for those who disbelieve, there is a deafness in their ears, and it is blindness for them. Such are called to from afar.” (41:44)

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“And if We had appointed it a Lecture in a foreign tongue they would assuredly have said: If only its verses were expounded (so that we might understand)? What! A foreign tongue and an Arab? - Say unto them (O Muhammad): For those who believe it is a guidance and a healing; and as for those who disbelieve, there is a deafness in their ears, and it is blindness for them. Such are called to from afar.” (41:44)

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A non-Arabic [language] and an Arabic [language].

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“And if We had appointed it a Lecture in a foreign tongue they would assuredly have said: If only its verses were expounded (so that we might understand)? What! A foreign tongue and an Arab? - Say unto them (O Muhammad): For those who believe it is a guidance and a healing; and as for those who disbelieve, there is a deafness in their ears, and it is blindness for them. Such are called to from afar.” (41:44)

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“And if We had appointed it a Lecture in a foreign tongue they would assuredly have said: If only its verses were expounded (so that we might understand)? What! A foreign tongue and an Arab? - Say unto them (O Muhammad): For those who believe it is a guidance and a healing; and as for those who disbelieve, there is a deafness in their ears, and it is blindness for them. Such are called to from afar.” (41:44)

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“And if We had appointed it a Lecture in a foreign tongue they would assuredly have said: If only its verses were expounded (so that we might understand)? What! A foreign tongue and an Arab? - Say unto them (O Muhammad): For those who believe it is a guidance and a healing; and as for those who disbelieve, there is a deafness in their ears, and it is blindness for them. Such are called to from afar.” (41:44)

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And if We had made this Qur'an which We revealed, O Muhammad, in a non-Arabic language.

210
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Your people would have said, "Why were its proofs and what it contains not made clear?"

211
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So that we could understand and know what it is and what it contains.

212
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And they would have said, in denial of it:

213
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"Is this Qur'an in a non-Arabic language?"

214
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"While the tongue of the one to whom it was revealed is Arabic?"

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Say, O Muhammad, to them:

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"The Qur'an is for those who believe in Allah and His Messenger, a clarification of the truth."

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And a healing from ignorance.

218
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And those who do not believe in Allah and His Messenger.

219
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In their ears is deafness toward listening to this Qur'an.

220
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And this Qur'an is, for the hearts of those who deny it, a veil.

221
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So they do not see the proofs against them and the admonitions it contains.

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They are like those who are called from a distant place.

223
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And did not understand what they were called to.

224
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And it was said that they will be called on the Day of Resurrection from a distant place.

225
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And We gave Moses the Book, but it was disputed.

226
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And had it not been for a word that preceded from your Lord, it would have been judged between them.

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And indeed, they are in doubt about it, in suspicion.

228
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And We gave Moses the Torah.

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But those who were given it from the Jews differed regarding acting upon what it contained.

230
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And had it not been for what preceded of the decree of Allah and His judgment regarding them.

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That He delayed their punishment until the Day of Resurrection.

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The matter would have been decided between them by His destroying the falsifiers among them.

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Indeed, the faction among them that follows falsehood is in doubt regarding what they have asserted.

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Their own claims about it cause them uncertainty.

235
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This is because they spoke without verification, relying merely on conjecture.

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Whoever does a righteous deed does so for his own soul.

237
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And whoever does evil, it is against his own soul.

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“Whoso doeth right it is for his soul, and whoso doeth wrong it is against it. And thy Lord is not at all a tyrant to His slaves.” (41:46)

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Whoever acts in obedience to Allah in this world,

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does so for the benefit of his own soul.

241
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For he shall be recompensed for that deed.

242
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And whoever commits acts of disobedience to Allah, he has committed a crime against his own soul.

243
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For by doing so, he has brought upon it the wrath of Allah.

244
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And your Lord, O Muhammad, is not one to bear the punishment for the sin of a sinner upon one who did not commit it.

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Rather, He does not punish anyone except for the crime that he himself has committed.

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This is the summary from the Tafsir of al-Tabari.