1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:08,039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:08,580 --> 00:00:12,740 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 4 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:16,000 Surah al-Ra'd. 5 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:23,620 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:24,730 --> 00:00:32,170 "And if you are amazed, then amazing is their saying: 'When we are dust...'" 7 00:00:32,490 --> 00:00:37,810 Amazing is their saying: "When we are dust..." 8 00:00:37,810 --> 00:00:42,289 "...shall we indeed be in a new creation?" 9 00:00:42,609 --> 00:00:47,810 “And if thou wonderest, then wondrous is their saying: When we are dust, are we then forsooth (to be raised) in a new creation? Such are they who disbelieve in their Lord; such have carcans on their necks; such are rightful owners of the Fire, they will abide therein.” (13:5) 10 00:00:48,130 --> 00:00:53,490 “And if thou wonderest, then wondrous is their saying: When we are dust, are we then forsooth (to be raised) in a new creation? Such are they who disbelieve in their Lord; such have carcans on their necks; such are rightful owners of the Fire, they will abide therein.” (13:5) 11 00:00:53,810 --> 00:00:59,969 "And those are the companions of the Fire." 12 00:00:59,969 --> 00:01:04,730 "They will abide therein eternally." 13 00:01:32,060 --> 00:01:35,819 They are the inhabitants of the Fire on the Day of Resurrection. 14 00:01:35,819 --> 00:01:38,819 They shall remain therein forever. 15 00:01:39,900 --> 00:01:44,340 “And they bid thee hasten on the evil rather than the good, when exemplary punishments have indeed occurred before them. But lo! thy Lord is rich in pardon for mankind despite their wrong, and lo! thy Lord is strong in punishment.” (13:6) 16 00:01:44,340 --> 00:01:49,420 “And they bid thee hasten on the evil rather than the good, when exemplary punishments have indeed occurred before them. But lo! thy Lord is rich in pardon for mankind despite their wrong, and lo! thy Lord is strong in punishment.” (13:6) 17 00:01:49,420 --> 00:01:57,859 “And they bid thee hasten on the evil rather than the good, when exemplary punishments have indeed occurred before them. But lo! thy Lord is rich in pardon for mankind despite their wrong, and lo! thy Lord is strong in punishment.” (13:6) 18 00:01:57,859 --> 00:02:03,780 “And they bid thee hasten on the evil rather than the good, when exemplary punishments have indeed occurred before them. But lo! thy Lord is rich in pardon for mankind despite their wrong, and lo! thy Lord is strong in punishment.” (13:6) 19 00:02:29,219 --> 00:02:36,229 And your Lord, O Muhammad, is the One who covers their actions, despite what they have committed without My permission. 20 00:02:36,229 --> 00:02:44,120 And your Lord is severe in punishment for those who perish while persisting in their disobedience on the Day of Resurrection. 21 00:02:44,120 --> 00:02:52,280 "And those who disbelieve say, 'Why has a sign not been sent down to him from his Lord?'" 22 00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:57,599 "You are only a warner." 23 00:02:57,800 --> 00:03:01,759 "And for every people there is a guide." 24 00:03:03,060 --> 00:03:05,460 And those who disbelieve say: 25 00:03:05,460 --> 00:03:09,740 "Why has no proof been sent down to Muhammad from his Lord?" 26 00:03:09,740 --> 00:03:13,180 You are only, O Muhammad, a warner to them. 27 00:03:13,180 --> 00:03:16,219 You warn them of the punishment of Allah should it befall them. 28 00:03:16,219 --> 00:03:21,539 And for every people there is a leader whom they follow, and a guide who precedes them. 29 00:03:21,539 --> 00:03:26,750 He guides them either to good or to evil. 30 00:03:26,789 --> 00:03:31,629 “Allah knoweth that which every female beareth and that which the wombs absorb and that which they grow. And everything with Him is measured.” (13:8) 31 00:03:31,629 --> 00:03:36,830 “Allah knoweth that which every female beareth and that which the wombs absorb and that which they grow. And everything with Him is measured.” (13:8) 32 00:03:36,830 --> 00:03:42,909 “Allah knoweth that which every female beareth and that which the wombs absorb and that which they grow. And everything with Him is measured.” (13:8) 33 00:03:42,909 --> 00:03:51,020 “He is the Knower of the Invisible and the Visible, the Great, the High Exalted.” (13:9) 34 00:03:51,020 --> 00:03:54,379 “Allah knoweth that which every female beareth and that which the wombs absorb and that which they grow. And everything with Him is measured.” (13:8) 35 00:03:54,379 --> 00:04:00,539 And what the wombs diminish of their burden during the nine months by discharging menstrual blood. 36 00:04:00,539 --> 00:04:04,539 And what they increase in their burden beyond the nine months. 37 00:04:04,539 --> 00:04:07,500 “Allah knoweth that which every female beareth and that which the wombs absorb and that which they grow. And everything with Him is measured.” (13:8) 38 00:04:07,500 --> 00:04:11,300 Nothing exceeds its measure beyond what He has decreed. 39 00:04:11,300 --> 00:04:16,129 Nor does any matter He has willed and planned fall short of His decree. 40 00:04:16,129 --> 00:04:19,129 And Allah knows what is hidden from you. 41 00:04:19,129 --> 00:04:23,009 And what you have witnessed and observed with your own eyes. 42 00:04:23,050 --> 00:04:25,410 “Lo! nothing in the earth or in the heavens is hidden from Allah.” (3:5) 43 00:04:25,410 --> 00:04:28,769 The Greatest, before whom everything is insignificant. 44 00:04:28,769 --> 00:04:33,579 The One who is exalted over all things by His power. 45 00:04:33,579 --> 00:04:46,139 "It is the same to Him whether any of you conceals speech or speaks it openly." 46 00:04:46,139 --> 00:04:54,680 “Alike of you is he who hideth the saying and he who noiseth it abroad, he who lurketh in the night and he who goeth freely in the daytime.” (13:10) 47 00:04:54,680 --> 00:04:58,319 It is equal before Allah, O people. 48 00:04:58,319 --> 00:05:01,879 The one who conceals speech and the one who speaks it openly. 49 00:05:01,879 --> 00:05:06,680 And the one who hides in the darkness of the night to commit an act of disobedience to Allah. 50 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:09,680 And the one who acts openly in the light of the day. 51 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:13,910 Nothing of that is hidden from Him. 52 00:05:13,910 --> 00:05:24,509 “For him are angels ranged before him and behind him, who guard him by Allah's command. Lo! Allah changeth not the condition of a folk until they (first) change that which is in their hearts; and if Allah willeth misfortune for a folk there is none that can repel it, nor have they a defender beside Him.” (13:11) 53 00:05:24,550 --> 00:05:34,069 “For him are angels ranged before him and behind him, who guard him by Allah's command. Lo! Allah changeth not the condition of a folk until they (first) change that which is in their hearts; and if Allah willeth misfortune for a folk there is none that can repel it, nor have they a defender beside Him.” (13:11) 54 00:05:34,069 --> 00:05:42,949 “For him are angels ranged before him and behind him, who guard him by Allah's command. Lo! Allah changeth not the condition of a folk until they (first) change that which is in their hearts; and if Allah willeth misfortune for a folk there is none that can repel it, nor have they a defender beside Him.” (13:11) 55 00:05:42,949 --> 00:05:51,009 And they have no protector besides Him. 56 00:05:51,009 --> 00:05:53,649 It is the same among you, O people. 57 00:05:53,689 --> 00:05:57,810 Whether one conceals speech or speaks it openly before your Lord. 58 00:05:57,810 --> 00:06:02,610 And the one who hides his immorality and suspicion in the darkness of the night. 59 00:06:02,610 --> 00:06:06,329 And the one who goes about and moves in the light of the day. 60 00:06:06,329 --> 00:06:12,970 Protected by his soldiers and guards who follow him from before him and from behind him. 61 00:06:12,970 --> 00:06:19,410 They protect him from the people of obedience to Allah, lest they intervene between him and what he is doing. 62 00:06:19,410 --> 00:06:22,370 And lest they enforce the law of Allah upon him. 63 00:06:22,370 --> 00:06:26,970 "Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people—their well-being and blessings—" 64 00:06:26,970 --> 00:06:30,050 By removing that from them and destroying them. 65 00:06:30,050 --> 00:06:35,610 "Until they change what is in themselves" of that, by oppressing one another. 66 00:06:35,610 --> 00:06:40,029 Then His punishment and change befall them. 67 00:06:40,029 --> 00:06:47,910 And if Allah wills destruction and disgrace for those who hide by night and go about by day, 68 00:06:47,910 --> 00:06:52,149 Then no one can avert that from them but Him. 69 00:06:52,149 --> 00:06:57,790 And these people have no protector to look after them, their affairs, or their punishment. 70 00:06:59,389 --> 00:07:10,029 “He it is Who showeth you the lightning, a fear and a hope, and raiseth the heavy clouds.” (13:12) 71 00:07:10,029 --> 00:07:19,350 “The thunder hymneth His praise and (so do) the angels for awe of Him. He launcheth the thunderbolts and smiteth with them whom He will while they dispute (in doubt) concerning Allah, and He is mighty in wrath.” (13:13) 72 00:07:19,389 --> 00:07:35,910 “The thunder hymneth His praise and (so do) the angels for awe of Him. He launcheth the thunderbolts and smiteth with them whom He will while they dispute (in doubt) concerning Allah, and He is mighty in wrath.” (13:13) 73 00:07:35,910 --> 00:07:40,149 The Lord is the One who shows His servants the lightning. 74 00:07:40,149 --> 00:07:43,069 As a fear for the traveler of its harm. 75 00:07:43,069 --> 00:07:46,829 And as a hope for the resident that it may rain, so he may benefit. 76 00:07:46,990 --> 00:07:53,750 And He stirs up the heavy clouds with rain, initiates it, magnifies the thunder, and glorifies Allah. 77 00:07:53,750 --> 00:08:00,550 He praises Him for His attributes and declares Him free from what the polytheists attribute to Him. 78 00:08:00,550 --> 00:08:09,180 The angels exalt Him out of fear and awe of Allah, and He sends the thunderbolts, striking with them whom He wills. 79 00:08:09,180 --> 00:08:13,139 And those whom Allah strikes with the thunderbolts, 80 00:08:13,220 --> 00:08:20,259 He strikes them while they are disputing about Allah, the Almighty, regarding His Messenger, peace be upon him. 81 00:08:20,259 --> 00:08:29,629 Allah is severe in the punishment He inflicts upon those who transgress against Him, act arrogantly, and persist in their disbelief. 82 00:08:29,629 --> 00:08:43,789 “Unto Him is the real prayer. Those unto whom they pray beside Allah respond to them not at all, save as (is the response to) one who stretcheth forth his hands toward water (asking) that it may come unto his mouth, and it will never reach it. The prayer of disbelievers goeth (far) astray.” (13:14) 83 00:08:43,830 --> 00:08:52,230 “Unto Him is the real prayer. Those unto whom they pray beside Allah respond to them not at all, save as (is the response to) one who stretcheth forth his hands toward water (asking) that it may come unto his mouth, and it will never reach it. The prayer of disbelievers goeth (far) astray.” (13:14) 84 00:08:52,230 --> 00:08:59,710 "And the supplication of the disbelievers is not but in error." 85 00:09:01,090 --> 00:09:06,129 To Allah belongs the true call, which is the oneness of Allah. 86 00:09:06,129 --> 00:09:11,169 And the deities that the polytheists call upon as lords besides Allah, 87 00:09:11,210 --> 00:09:15,889 Do not answer them with anything they desire of benefit or the warding off of harm. 88 00:09:15,889 --> 00:09:19,570 Except like one who stretches his hands toward water, 89 00:09:19,570 --> 00:09:25,129 Hoping it will reach his mouth, though it will not reach him in a vessel. 90 00:09:25,129 --> 00:09:33,389 And the supplication of those who disbelieve in Allah is not in righteousness or guidance, because they associate partners with Allah. 91 00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:45,080 “And unto Allah falleth prostrate whosoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, as do their shadows in the morning and the evening hours.” (13:15) 92 00:09:45,080 --> 00:09:51,440 And their error is in the mornings and the evenings. 93 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:58,590 If those who call upon idols besides Allah refuse to offer obedience, 94 00:09:58,590 --> 00:10:03,429 Then to Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens, from the noble angels. 95 00:10:03,629 --> 00:10:07,350 And whoever is on the earth, from the believers, willingly. 96 00:10:07,350 --> 00:10:14,309 As for those who disbelieve in Him, they prostrate to Him unwillingly when they are forced to do so. 97 00:10:14,309 --> 00:10:20,419 And their shadows also prostrate in the mornings and the evenings. 98 00:10:20,419 --> 00:10:24,139 “Say (O Muhammad): Who is Lord of the heavens and the earth? Say: Allah. Say: Take ye then (others) beside Him for protectors, which, even for themselves, have neither benefit nor hurt? Say: Is the blind man equal to the seer, or is darkness equal to light? Or assign they unto Allah partners who created the like of His creation so that the creation (which they made and His creation) seemed alike to them? Say: Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is the One, the Almighty.” (13:16) 99 00:10:24,139 --> 00:10:27,019 Say, "Allah." 100 00:10:27,019 --> 00:10:32,740 Say, "Have you taken besides Him protectors?" 101 00:10:32,740 --> 00:10:43,500 "They do not possess for themselves any benefit or harm." 102 00:10:43,500 --> 00:10:51,860 “Say (O Muhammad): Who is Lord of the heavens and the earth? Say: Allah. Say: Take ye then (others) beside Him for protectors, which, even for themselves, have neither benefit nor hurt? Say: Is the blind man equal to the seer, or is darkness equal to light? Or assign they unto Allah partners who created the like of His creation so that the creation (which they made and His creation) seemed alike to them? Say: Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is the One, the Almighty.” (13:16) 103 00:10:51,860 --> 00:11:00,740 Or have they attributed to Allah partners who created like His creation, so that the creation seemed similar to them? 104 00:11:00,740 --> 00:11:09,340 “Say (O Muhammad): Who is Lord of the heavens and the earth? Say: Allah. Say: Take ye then (others) beside Him for protectors, which, even for themselves, have neither benefit nor hurt? Say: Is the blind man equal to the seer, or is darkness equal to light? Or assign they unto Allah partners who created the like of His creation so that the creation (which they made and His creation) seemed alike to them? Say: Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is the One, the Almighty.” (13:16) 105 00:11:09,340 --> 00:11:13,179 Say, O Muhammad, to these polytheists: 106 00:11:13,179 --> 00:11:17,179 "Who is the Lord of the heavens and the earth and their manager?" 107 00:11:17,179 --> 00:11:22,299 Say, O Muhammad, "Their Lord who created them and brought them into existence." 108 00:11:22,299 --> 00:11:27,419 He is the One to whom worship is due, and He is Allah. 109 00:11:27,500 --> 00:11:33,500 Say to them, "Have you taken besides the Lord of the heavens and the earth protectors?" 110 00:11:33,500 --> 00:11:38,700 Who do not possess for themselves any benefit to bring or harm to ward off. 111 00:11:38,700 --> 00:11:42,740 And you have abandoned the worship of the One in whose hand is benefit and harm. 112 00:11:42,740 --> 00:11:48,580 Say, O Muhammad, to them, "Is the blind man equal, who sees nothing?" 113 00:11:48,580 --> 00:11:52,940 "And the sighted man who guides the blind to the path?" 114 00:11:52,940 --> 00:11:56,299 They are not equal; they are not the same. 115 00:11:56,340 --> 00:12:01,259 Likewise, the believer who sees the truth and follows it is not equal to the disbeliever. 116 00:12:01,259 --> 00:12:07,590 And you, O polytheists, who know no truth and see no guidance. 117 00:12:07,590 --> 00:12:11,710 And are the darknesses equal, in which one cannot see the way? 118 00:12:11,710 --> 00:12:15,110 And the light, by which one sees things? 119 00:12:15,110 --> 00:12:17,549 Likewise is disbelief in Allah. 120 00:12:17,549 --> 00:12:20,590 Its possessor is in confusion. 121 00:12:20,590 --> 00:12:25,370 And faith in Allah, its possessor is in light. 122 00:12:25,409 --> 00:12:28,889 Say, O Muhammad, to these polytheists: 123 00:12:28,889 --> 00:12:32,450 "Did your idols create as Allah creates?" 124 00:12:32,450 --> 00:12:34,929 So that their matter became confused for you? 125 00:12:34,929 --> 00:12:39,129 And you made them partners to Him because of that? 126 00:12:39,129 --> 00:12:41,289 Say to them, O Muhammad: 127 00:12:41,289 --> 00:12:46,889 "Allah is the Creator of you, the Creator of your idols, and the Creator of all things." 128 00:12:46,889 --> 00:12:49,970 And He is the One who has no second. 129 00:12:49,970 --> 00:12:55,899 The Subduer who deserves divinity and worship. 130 00:12:55,899 --> 00:13:02,220 "He sent down from the sky, rain." 131 00:13:02,220 --> 00:13:05,899 "And valleys flowed according to their capacity." 132 00:13:05,899 --> 00:13:09,820 “He sendeth down water from the sky, so that valleys flow according to their measure, and the flood beareth (on its surface) swelling foam - from that which they smelt in the fire in order to make ornaments and tools riseth a foam like unto it - thus Allah coineth (the similitude of) the true and the false. Then, as for the foam, it passeth away as scum upon the banks, while, as for that which is of use to mankind, it remaineth in the earth. Thus Allah coineth the similitudes.” (13:17) 133 00:13:09,820 --> 00:13:14,139 “He sendeth down water from the sky, so that valleys flow according to their measure, and the flood beareth (on its surface) swelling foam - from that which they smelt in the fire in order to make ornaments and tools riseth a foam like unto it - thus Allah coineth (the similitude of) the true and the false. Then, as for the foam, it passeth away as scum upon the banks, while, as for that which is of use to mankind, it remaineth in the earth. Thus Allah coineth the similitudes.” (13:17) 134 00:13:14,139 --> 00:13:21,220 “He sendeth down water from the sky, so that valleys flow according to their measure, and the flood beareth (on its surface) swelling foam - from that which they smelt in the fire in order to make ornaments and tools riseth a foam like unto it - thus Allah coineth (the similitude of) the true and the false. Then, as for the foam, it passeth away as scum upon the banks, while, as for that which is of use to mankind, it remaineth in the earth. Thus Allah coineth the similitudes.” (13:17) 135 00:13:21,220 --> 00:13:25,740 “He sendeth down water from the sky, so that valleys flow according to their measure, and the flood beareth (on its surface) swelling foam - from that which they smelt in the fire in order to make ornaments and tools riseth a foam like unto it - thus Allah coineth (the similitude of) the true and the false. Then, as for the foam, it passeth away as scum upon the banks, while, as for that which is of use to mankind, it remaineth in the earth. Thus Allah coineth the similitudes.” (13:17) 136 00:13:25,740 --> 00:13:31,419 “He sendeth down water from the sky, so that valleys flow according to their measure, and the flood beareth (on its surface) swelling foam - from that which they smelt in the fire in order to make ornaments and tools riseth a foam like unto it - thus Allah coineth (the similitude of) the true and the false. Then, as for the foam, it passeth away as scum upon the banks, while, as for that which is of use to mankind, it remaineth in the earth. Thus Allah coineth the similitudes.” (13:17) 137 00:13:31,419 --> 00:13:39,179 And as for that which benefits people, it remains in the earth. 138 00:13:39,179 --> 00:13:46,049 “He sendeth down water from the sky, so that valleys flow according to their measure, and the flood beareth (on its surface) swelling foam - from that which they smelt in the fire in order to make ornaments and tools riseth a foam like unto it - thus Allah coineth (the similitude of) the true and the false. Then, as for the foam, it passeth away as scum upon the banks, while, as for that which is of use to mankind, it remaineth in the earth. Thus Allah coineth the similitudes.” (13:17) 139 00:13:46,049 --> 00:13:50,210 This is a parable Allah has set forth for truth and falsehood. 140 00:13:50,210 --> 00:13:51,730 The parable of the truth, 141 00:13:51,730 --> 00:13:55,809 Is like water that Allah sent down from the sky to the earth. 142 00:13:55,809 --> 00:13:58,809 The valleys carried it according to their capacity. 143 00:13:58,809 --> 00:14:02,809 The large one according to its size and the small one according to its size. 144 00:14:02,809 --> 00:14:06,649 The flood carried foam rising above the water. 145 00:14:06,649 --> 00:14:09,769 The truth is the water that remains. 146 00:14:09,769 --> 00:14:12,570 And the foam is the falsehood. 147 00:14:12,570 --> 00:14:15,610 And another parable for truth and falsehood: 148 00:14:15,610 --> 00:14:20,250 Like silver or gold that people heat in the fire, 149 00:14:20,250 --> 00:14:23,929 Seeking to make ornaments or goods. 150 00:14:23,970 --> 00:14:27,690 And from what they heat of these things, 151 00:14:27,690 --> 00:14:31,490 There is dross like the foam of the flood, which is of no use. 152 00:14:31,490 --> 00:14:34,940 And the pure gold and silver remain. 153 00:14:34,940 --> 00:14:38,419 Just as Allah has set forth the parable of faith and disbelief, 154 00:14:38,419 --> 00:14:42,019 So does Allah set forth the truth and falsehood. 155 00:14:42,019 --> 00:14:47,139 As for the foam on the flood and the dross of gold and silver, it passes away. 156 00:14:47,139 --> 00:14:52,049 And as for that which benefits people, the water, it remains in the earth. 157 00:14:52,090 --> 00:14:55,730 And the gold and silver remain for the people. 158 00:14:55,730 --> 00:14:59,690 Just as this parable was set forth for faith and disbelief, 159 00:14:59,690 --> 00:15:04,190 So does He set forth the parables. 160 00:15:04,190 --> 00:15:08,789 "For those who have responded to their Lord is the best reward." 161 00:15:08,789 --> 00:15:11,789 “For those who answered Allah's call is bliss; and for those who answered not His call, if they had all that is in the earth, and therewith the like thereof, they would proffer it as ransom. Such will have a woeful reckoning, and their habitation will be hell, a dire abode.” (13:18) 162 00:15:11,789 --> 00:15:17,389 "If they had all that is in the earth," 163 00:15:17,389 --> 00:15:22,750 If they had all that is in the earth, 164 00:15:22,750 --> 00:15:26,549 And the like of it with it, they would seek to ransom themselves with it. 165 00:15:26,549 --> 00:15:31,950 “For those who answered Allah's call is bliss; and for those who answered not His call, if they had all that is in the earth, and therewith the like thereof, they would proffer it as ransom. Such will have a woeful reckoning, and their habitation will be hell, a dire abode.” (13:18) 166 00:15:31,950 --> 00:15:35,389 "And their refuge is Hell." 167 00:15:35,389 --> 00:15:40,169 "And wretched is the resting place." 168 00:15:40,169 --> 00:15:45,289 As for those who responded to Allah, believed in Him, and followed His Messenger, 169 00:15:45,289 --> 00:15:49,070 They shall have the best reward, which is Paradise. 170 00:15:49,070 --> 00:15:51,710 And as for those who did not respond to Allah, 171 00:15:51,710 --> 00:15:56,110 When He called them to His oneness and they did not follow His Messenger, 172 00:15:56,110 --> 00:15:59,669 If they had all that is in the earth of anything, 173 00:15:59,669 --> 00:16:02,549 And the like of it with it as their possession, 174 00:16:02,549 --> 00:16:04,909 And then the like of that was accepted from them, 175 00:16:04,909 --> 00:16:08,669 In exchange for the punishment Allah has prepared for them, 176 00:16:08,669 --> 00:16:11,350 They would seek to ransom themselves with it. 177 00:16:11,350 --> 00:16:15,549 Those are the ones for whom He may take them for all their sins. 178 00:16:15,549 --> 00:16:18,830 And He will not forgive them any of it. 179 00:16:18,870 --> 00:16:22,230 And their dwelling on the Day of Resurrection is Hell. 180 00:16:22,230 --> 00:16:27,840 And wretched is the bed and the resting place, Hell. 181 00:16:27,840 --> 00:16:31,240 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.