1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,379 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,379 --> 00:00:06,320 The Ifadah Center 3 00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:09,519 for Humanistic Studies and Research 4 00:00:09,519 --> 00:00:10,820 presents 5 00:00:10,820 --> 00:00:15,919 *Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari*. 6 00:00:15,919 --> 00:00:22,329 Chapter: What Has Been Related Regarding the Grave of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 7 00:00:22,329 --> 00:00:25,730 and those of Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). 8 00:00:25,730 --> 00:00:30,519 Narrative from 'A'ishah: She said to 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, 9 00:00:30,519 --> 00:00:33,119 "Bury me with my female companions, 10 00:00:33,320 --> 00:00:38,320 and do not bury me with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the house, 11 00:00:38,320 --> 00:00:41,320 for I dislike to be praised." 12 00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:45,310 Commentary on the hadith: 13 00:00:45,310 --> 00:00:47,509 "Bury me with my female companions"— 14 00:00:47,509 --> 00:00:49,310 meaning in al-Baqi'. 15 00:00:49,310 --> 00:00:51,579 "I dislike to be praised"— 16 00:00:51,579 --> 00:00:55,380 meaning so that people will not extol my virtues on account of that. 17 00:00:55,380 --> 00:00:58,369 Benefits derived from the hadith: 18 00:00:58,369 --> 00:01:00,799 In this hadith, 19 00:01:00,799 --> 00:01:05,099 there is an exposition of the virtue of the Mother of the Believers, 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), 20 00:01:05,500 --> 00:01:10,640 as well as an exposition of the virtue of humility. 21 00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:13,239 Narrative from 'Amr ibn Maymun: He said, 22 00:01:13,239 --> 00:01:16,340 "I saw 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) 23 00:01:16,340 --> 00:01:19,939 in Medina a few days before he was wounded. 24 00:01:19,939 --> 00:01:22,540 He stood over Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman 25 00:01:22,540 --> 00:01:24,840 and 'Uthman ibn Hunayf 26 00:01:24,840 --> 00:01:27,739 and said, 'How have you two acted? 27 00:01:27,739 --> 00:01:32,840 Do you fear that you have burdened the land with more than it can bear?' 28 00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:34,140 They replied, 29 00:01:34,140 --> 00:01:37,540 'We have imposed upon it a burden that it is capable of bearing; 30 00:01:37,540 --> 00:01:40,040 there is no great surplus in it.' 31 00:01:40,040 --> 00:01:41,140 He said, 32 00:01:41,140 --> 00:01:45,840 'Ensure that you have not burdened the land with more than it can bear.' 33 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:46,840 They said, 34 00:01:46,840 --> 00:01:48,780 'No, we have not.' 35 00:01:48,780 --> 00:01:50,480 Thereupon 'Umar said, 36 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:52,280 'If Allah keeps me safe, 37 00:01:52,280 --> 00:01:54,579 I shall surely leave the widows of the people of Iraq 38 00:01:54,579 --> 00:01:58,340 in a state where they will never need any man after me.' 39 00:01:58,340 --> 00:01:59,439 He said: 40 00:01:59,439 --> 00:02:01,939 But four days had not passed over him 41 00:02:01,939 --> 00:02:03,939 until he was struck down. 42 00:02:03,939 --> 00:02:04,939 He continued: 43 00:02:04,939 --> 00:02:07,840 I was standing with nothing between him and me 44 00:02:07,840 --> 00:02:10,039 except 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas 45 00:02:10,039 --> 00:02:12,139 on the morning he was struck down. 46 00:02:12,139 --> 00:02:15,039 Whenever he walked between the two rows of worshippers, 47 00:02:15,039 --> 00:02:15,939 he would say, 48 00:02:15,939 --> 00:02:17,340 'Straighten your rows.' 49 00:02:17,340 --> 00:02:20,039 When he saw no gaps among them, 50 00:02:20,039 --> 00:02:22,340 he would step forward and say the takbir, 51 00:02:22,340 --> 00:02:26,539 and he would often recite Surah Yusuf, Surah al-Nahl, or the like 52 00:02:26,539 --> 00:02:28,139 in the first rak'ah, 53 00:02:28,139 --> 00:02:30,539 so that the people might gather. 54 00:02:30,539 --> 00:02:32,740 No sooner had he pronounced the takbir 55 00:02:32,740 --> 00:02:34,840 than I heard him say, 56 00:02:34,840 --> 00:02:37,539 'The dog has killed me!' or 'has bitten me!' 57 00:02:37,539 --> 00:02:39,340 when he was stabbed. 58 00:02:39,340 --> 00:02:42,740 The non-Arab slave fled with a double-bladed dagger, 59 00:02:42,740 --> 00:02:47,639 stabbing no one on his right or left without wounding him, 60 00:02:47,639 --> 00:02:50,639 until he had stabbed thirteen men, 61 00:02:50,639 --> 00:02:52,969 seven of whom died. 62 00:02:52,969 --> 00:02:56,169 When a man from among the Muslims saw that, 63 00:02:56,169 --> 00:02:58,469 he threw a hooded cloak over him. 64 00:02:58,469 --> 00:03:01,370 Realizing that he was captured, the non-Arab slave 65 00:03:01,370 --> 00:03:03,199 slit his own throat. 66 00:03:03,199 --> 00:03:07,900 'Umar grabbed the hand of 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf and pushed him forward. 67 00:03:07,900 --> 00:03:11,500 Those immediately behind 'Umar saw what I saw, 68 00:03:11,500 --> 00:03:13,400 while those in the outer corners of the mosque 69 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:15,400 did not know what happened, 70 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:18,400 except that they missed 'Umar's voice, 71 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:20,000 and they were saying, 72 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:23,300 'Glory be to Allah! Glory be to Allah!' 73 00:03:23,300 --> 00:03:27,000 So 'Abd al-Rahman led them in a brief prayer. 74 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:28,699 When they finished, 75 00:03:28,699 --> 00:03:30,599 'Umar said, 'O Ibn 'Abbas, 76 00:03:30,599 --> 00:03:32,800 go see who killed me.' 77 00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:34,300 He searched for an hour 78 00:03:34,300 --> 00:03:36,400 and then returned and said, 79 00:03:36,400 --> 00:03:38,400 'The slave of al-Mughirah.' 80 00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:39,400 'Umar asked, 81 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:40,800 'The craftsman?' 82 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:42,300 Ibn 'Abbas replied, 'Yes.' 83 00:03:42,300 --> 00:03:43,300 'Umar said, 84 00:03:43,300 --> 00:03:45,000 'May Allah curse him! 85 00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:47,900 I had commanded good treatment for him. 86 00:03:47,900 --> 00:03:50,800 Praise be to Allah Who did not cause my death to be 87 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:53,599 at the hand of a man who claims Islam! 88 00:03:53,599 --> 00:03:58,900 You and your father used to love having many non-Arab slaves in Medina.' 89 00:03:58,900 --> 00:04:02,199 Al-'Abbas had the greatest number of foreign slaves. 90 00:04:02,199 --> 00:04:03,500 Ibn 'Abbas replied, 91 00:04:03,500 --> 00:04:05,500 'If you wish, I shall do it'— 92 00:04:05,500 --> 00:04:08,099 meaning, if you wish, we shall kill them. 93 00:04:08,099 --> 00:04:09,699 'Umar said, 'You have lied! 94 00:04:09,699 --> 00:04:12,300 How could you kill them after they have spoken your language, 95 00:04:12,300 --> 00:04:14,300 prayed toward your Qiblah, 96 00:04:14,300 --> 00:04:16,500 and performed your pilgrimage?' 97 00:04:16,500 --> 00:04:18,199 Then 'Umar was carried to his house, 98 00:04:18,199 --> 00:04:20,000 and we set off with him. 99 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:24,899 It was as though the people had never suffered a calamity before that day. 100 00:04:24,899 --> 00:04:26,699 Some were saying, 101 00:04:26,699 --> 00:04:28,000 'There is no harm; he will recover.' 102 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:29,899 While others were saying, 103 00:04:29,899 --> 00:04:31,699 'I fear for him.' 104 00:04:31,699 --> 00:04:34,300 Date-infusion was brought to him and he drank it, 105 00:04:34,300 --> 00:04:36,300 but it came out of his belly. 106 00:04:36,300 --> 00:04:39,000 Then milk was brought to him and he drank it, 107 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:41,100 but it came out through his wound. 108 00:04:41,100 --> 00:04:43,699 Thus they knew that he was dying. 109 00:04:43,699 --> 00:04:45,300 We went in to see him, 110 00:04:45,300 --> 00:04:48,800 and people began coming in to praise him. 111 00:04:48,800 --> 00:04:51,000 A young man came 112 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:52,300 and said, 113 00:04:52,300 --> 00:04:56,100 'Rejoice, O Commander of the Faithful, with the glad tidings from Allah to you: 114 00:04:56,100 --> 00:05:00,100 your companionship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 115 00:05:00,100 --> 00:05:03,300 your early priority in Islam which you well know, 116 00:05:03,300 --> 00:05:05,500 then your assumption of authority and your just rule, 117 00:05:05,500 --> 00:05:07,529 and finally martyrdom!' 118 00:05:07,529 --> 00:05:08,629 'Umar said, 119 00:05:08,629 --> 00:05:13,329 'I wish that all of that would offset my sins, leaving nothing against me nor for me.' 120 00:05:13,329 --> 00:05:14,930 When the young man turned to leave, 121 00:05:14,930 --> 00:05:17,689 his lower garment was touching the ground. 122 00:05:17,689 --> 00:05:18,790 'Umar said, 123 00:05:18,790 --> 00:05:21,189 'Bring the young man back to me.' 124 00:05:21,189 --> 00:05:22,290 He said, 125 00:05:22,290 --> 00:05:23,589 'O son of my brother, 126 00:05:23,589 --> 00:05:25,290 lift your garment, 127 00:05:25,290 --> 00:05:29,620 for it keeps your garment cleaner and is more mindful of your Lord.' 128 00:05:29,620 --> 00:05:31,720 He then said, 'O 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, 129 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:34,319 look at how much debt I owe.' 130 00:05:34,319 --> 00:05:35,519 They calculated it 131 00:05:35,519 --> 00:05:40,120 and found it to be eighty-six thousand dirhams or thereabouts. 132 00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:41,220 He said, 133 00:05:41,220 --> 00:05:43,920 'If the property of the family of 'Umar covers it, 134 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:46,319 then pay it from their wealth. 135 00:05:46,319 --> 00:05:49,920 Otherwise, ask among Banu 'Adi ibn Ka'b. 136 00:05:49,920 --> 00:05:52,019 If their wealth does not cover it, 137 00:05:52,019 --> 00:05:54,019 ask among Quraysh, 138 00:05:54,019 --> 00:05:56,620 and do not go beyond them to anyone else, 139 00:05:56,620 --> 00:05:59,579 and settle this debt on my behalf. 140 00:05:59,579 --> 00:06:02,779 Go to 'A'ishah, Mother of the Believers, 141 00:06:02,779 --> 00:06:05,879 and say, "'Umar conveys his greeting of peace to you." 142 00:06:05,879 --> 00:06:08,480 Do not say "the Commander of the Faithful," 143 00:06:08,480 --> 00:06:12,379 for today I am no longer commander over the believers. 144 00:06:12,379 --> 00:06:13,480 And say, 145 00:06:13,480 --> 00:06:18,250 "'Umar ibn al-Khattab requests permission to be buried alongside his two companions."' 146 00:06:18,250 --> 00:06:20,250 He greeted her and requested permission, 147 00:06:20,250 --> 00:06:22,250 then entered upon her 148 00:06:22,350 --> 00:06:25,350 and found her sitting and weeping. 149 00:06:25,350 --> 00:06:26,649 He said, 150 00:06:26,649 --> 00:06:30,050 ''Umar ibn al-Khattab conveys his greeting of peace to you, 151 00:06:30,050 --> 00:06:33,449 and requests permission to be buried alongside his two companions.' 152 00:06:33,449 --> 00:06:34,750 She said, 153 00:06:34,750 --> 00:06:37,149 'I had wanted that place for myself, 154 00:06:37,149 --> 00:06:40,750 but today I shall certainly prefer him over myself.' 155 00:06:40,750 --> 00:06:42,550 When he returned, 156 00:06:42,550 --> 00:06:46,250 someone said, 'Here is 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar coming.' 157 00:06:46,250 --> 00:06:47,250 'Umar said, 158 00:06:47,250 --> 00:06:48,850 'Lift me up.' 159 00:06:48,850 --> 00:06:51,149 A man supported him against himself, 160 00:06:51,149 --> 00:06:52,250 and 'Umar asked, 161 00:06:52,250 --> 00:06:53,779 'What news do you have?' 162 00:06:53,779 --> 00:06:54,879 He replied, 163 00:06:54,879 --> 00:06:58,079 'That which you love, O Commander of the Faithful: 164 00:06:58,079 --> 00:06:59,579 she has granted permission.' 165 00:06:59,579 --> 00:07:00,579 'Umar said, 166 00:07:00,579 --> 00:07:02,379 'Praise be to Allah! 167 00:07:02,379 --> 00:07:06,379 Nothing was more important to me than that. 168 00:07:06,379 --> 00:07:08,180 So when I pass away, 169 00:07:08,180 --> 00:07:09,579 carry me there, 170 00:07:09,579 --> 00:07:11,079 then offer greetings of peace again, 171 00:07:11,079 --> 00:07:12,180 and say, 172 00:07:12,180 --> 00:07:15,079 "'Umar ibn al-Khattab requests permission." 173 00:07:15,079 --> 00:07:17,980 If she grants me permission, bring me in; 174 00:07:17,980 --> 00:07:19,579 but if she turns me back, 175 00:07:19,579 --> 00:07:23,240 return me to the graves of the Muslims.' 176 00:07:23,240 --> 00:07:28,240 The Mother of the Believers Hafsah arrived with other women walking with her. 177 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:31,139 When we saw her, we stood up, 178 00:07:31,139 --> 00:07:32,740 and she entered upon him 179 00:07:32,740 --> 00:07:35,240 and wept by his side for a while. 180 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:37,240 Then the men requested permission to enter, 181 00:07:37,240 --> 00:07:39,639 so she retreated inside behind a veil, 182 00:07:39,639 --> 00:07:43,040 and we heard her weeping from within. 183 00:07:43,040 --> 00:07:44,339 They said, 184 00:07:44,339 --> 00:07:46,639 'Make a will, O Commander of the Faithful; 185 00:07:46,639 --> 00:07:48,240 appoint a successor.' 186 00:07:48,240 --> 00:07:49,339 He said, 187 00:07:49,339 --> 00:07:53,939 'I find no one more entitled to this matter than these men, 188 00:07:53,939 --> 00:07:58,540 or this group, with whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was pleased 189 00:07:58,540 --> 00:08:00,740 when he passed away.' 190 00:08:00,740 --> 00:08:03,939 So he named 'Ali, 'Uthman, al-Zubayr, 191 00:08:03,939 --> 00:08:07,339 Talhah, Sa'd, and 'Abd al-Rahman. 192 00:08:07,339 --> 00:08:08,639 He said, 193 00:08:08,639 --> 00:08:11,240 ''Abdullah ibn 'Umar shall attend as a witness, 194 00:08:11,240 --> 00:08:13,939 but he has no share in the governance'— 195 00:08:13,939 --> 00:08:16,379 as a form of consolation to him. 196 00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:20,180 'If governance falls to Sa'd, then so be it; 197 00:08:20,180 --> 00:08:24,379 otherwise, whichever of you is appointed ruler should seek his assistance, 198 00:08:24,379 --> 00:08:28,759 for I did not remove him out of incapacity or dishonesty.' 199 00:08:28,759 --> 00:08:30,060 And he said: 200 00:08:30,060 --> 00:08:34,259 "I enjoin the caliph after me regarding the early Emigrants (*al-Muhajirun al-Awwalun*): 201 00:08:34,259 --> 00:08:36,360 that he recognize their rights, 202 00:08:36,360 --> 00:08:39,059 and preserve their honor and inviolability. 203 00:08:39,059 --> 00:08:41,659 And I enjoin him to treat the Ansar well, 204 00:08:41,659 --> 00:08:45,860 those who established the abode and faith before them: 205 00:08:45,860 --> 00:08:48,159 that he accept from the good-doers among them, 206 00:08:48,159 --> 00:08:50,860 and pardon their wrongdoers. 207 00:08:50,860 --> 00:08:53,860 And I enjoin him to treat the people of the garrison cities well, 208 00:08:53,860 --> 00:08:55,960 for they are the shield of Islam, 209 00:08:55,960 --> 00:08:57,559 the collectors of wealth, 210 00:08:57,559 --> 00:08:59,360 and the chagrin of the enemy; 211 00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:04,059 and that nothing be taken from them except their surplus, with their full consent. 212 00:09:04,059 --> 00:09:06,659 And I enjoin him to treat the Bedouins well, 213 00:09:06,659 --> 00:09:08,559 for they are the root of the Arabs 214 00:09:08,559 --> 00:09:10,659 and the backbone of Islam: 215 00:09:10,659 --> 00:09:13,559 that zakat be taken from the margins of their wealth, 216 00:09:13,659 --> 00:09:16,360 and redistributed among their poor. 217 00:09:16,360 --> 00:09:21,860 And I enjoin him regarding the covenant of Allah and the covenant of His Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 218 00:09:21,860 --> 00:09:24,460 that their pledge be fulfilled to them, 219 00:09:24,460 --> 00:09:27,159 that they be fought for and defended, 220 00:09:27,159 --> 00:09:31,019 and that they not be burdened beyond their capacity." 221 00:09:31,019 --> 00:09:32,419 So when he passed away, 222 00:09:32,419 --> 00:09:33,820 we carried his body out 223 00:09:33,820 --> 00:09:35,919 and set off walking. 224 00:09:35,919 --> 00:09:38,419 Abdullah ibn Umar greeted [A'ishah] 225 00:09:38,419 --> 00:09:39,519 and said: 226 00:09:39,519 --> 00:09:42,519 "Umar ibn al-Khattab requests permission to enter." 227 00:09:42,519 --> 00:09:43,519 She said: 228 00:09:43,519 --> 00:09:44,820 "Bring him in." 229 00:09:44,820 --> 00:09:46,120 So he was brought in, 230 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:49,419 and laid to rest there beside his two companions. 231 00:09:49,419 --> 00:09:51,620 When his burial was completed, 232 00:09:51,620 --> 00:09:54,220 this small group gathered, 233 00:09:54,220 --> 00:09:56,320 and Abd al-Rahman said: 234 00:09:56,320 --> 00:10:00,220 "Delegate your authority to three among you." 235 00:10:00,220 --> 00:10:01,919 Al-Zubayr said: 236 00:10:01,919 --> 00:10:04,820 "I delegate my authority to Ali." 237 00:10:04,820 --> 00:10:06,519 Talhah said: 238 00:10:06,519 --> 00:10:09,419 "I delegate my authority to Uthman." 239 00:10:09,419 --> 00:10:11,019 And Sa'd said: 240 00:10:11,019 --> 00:10:15,019 "I delegate my authority to Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf." 241 00:10:15,019 --> 00:10:17,120 Then Abd al-Rahman said: 242 00:10:17,120 --> 00:10:20,019 "Which of you two is willing to renounce his claim to this matter, 243 00:10:20,019 --> 00:10:21,720 so that we may entrust it to him? 244 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:24,419 And Allah and Islam be his witness, 245 00:10:24,419 --> 00:10:27,620 that he will surely consider who among them is truly the most deserving." 246 00:10:27,620 --> 00:10:29,720 Both elders [Ali and Uthman] remained silent. 247 00:10:29,720 --> 00:10:31,720 Abd al-Rahman said: 248 00:10:31,720 --> 00:10:34,019 "Will you then entrust it to me? 249 00:10:34,019 --> 00:10:38,320 I swear by Allah that I will spare no effort in selecting the most virtuous among you." 250 00:10:38,320 --> 00:10:40,019 They said: "Yes." 251 00:10:40,019 --> 00:10:41,820 So he took the hand of one of them 252 00:10:41,820 --> 00:10:47,620 and said: "You possess kinship with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 253 00:10:47,620 --> 00:10:51,019 and precedence in Islam as you well know. 254 00:10:51,019 --> 00:10:52,220 So, I adjure you by Allah: 255 00:10:52,220 --> 00:10:55,019 if I appoint you, you must surely act with justice; 256 00:10:55,019 --> 00:10:56,820 and if I appoint Uthman, 257 00:10:56,820 --> 00:10:59,720 you must surely hear and obey him." 258 00:10:59,720 --> 00:11:01,120 Then he took the other aside in private, 259 00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:03,820 and said the same to him. 260 00:11:03,820 --> 00:11:06,019 So when he took the solemn pledge from both, 261 00:11:06,019 --> 00:11:07,120 he said: 262 00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:09,720 "Raise your hand, O Uthman!" 263 00:11:09,720 --> 00:11:11,120 So he pledged allegiance to him, 264 00:11:11,120 --> 00:11:13,320 and Ali pledged allegiance to him as well, 265 00:11:13,320 --> 00:11:17,600 and the people of the house entered and swore allegiance to him. 266 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:21,009 Commentary on the hadith: 267 00:11:21,009 --> 00:11:22,809 "How did you both manage?" 268 00:11:22,809 --> 00:11:25,009 Meaning: in the fertile land of Sawad al-Iraq, 269 00:11:25,009 --> 00:11:27,909 which you two were tasked with surveying. 270 00:11:27,909 --> 00:11:29,509 "What you cannot bear," 271 00:11:29,509 --> 00:11:31,710 meaning: what you cannot carry. 272 00:11:31,710 --> 00:11:36,009 That was because he had sent them to levy the land tax (*kharaj*) upon it, 273 00:11:36,009 --> 00:11:38,870 as well as the poll tax (*jizyah*) upon its people. 274 00:11:38,870 --> 00:11:40,970 "There is no great excess in it," 275 00:11:40,970 --> 00:11:42,370 meaning: no excessive burden. 276 00:11:42,370 --> 00:11:45,929 "We only imposed a light burden upon them." 277 00:11:45,929 --> 00:11:49,629 "I shall leave the widows of the people of Iraq in no need," 278 00:11:49,629 --> 00:11:52,120 meaning he wished to ensure their self-sufficiency, 279 00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:53,720 "until he was struck," 280 00:11:53,720 --> 00:11:56,519 meaning: until he was stabbed with the dagger. 281 00:11:56,519 --> 00:11:57,720 "Align yourselves," 282 00:11:57,720 --> 00:12:00,120 meaning: straighten your prayer rows. 283 00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:03,320 Until, when he saw no gap in them— 284 00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:04,320 "the gap" (*al-khalal*) 285 00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:06,820 refers to an opening or space between two things— 286 00:12:06,820 --> 00:12:08,320 the non-Arab slave fled— 287 00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:10,019 referring to Abu Lu'lu'ah, 288 00:12:10,019 --> 00:12:12,019 whose name was Fayruz— 289 00:12:12,019 --> 00:12:14,320 throwing a hooded cloak over himself. 290 00:12:14,320 --> 00:12:16,720 "The hooded cloak" (*al-burnus*) is a garment whose head-cover is attached to it, 291 00:12:16,720 --> 00:12:18,590 joined as one piece. 292 00:12:18,590 --> 00:12:20,090 "He slaughtered himself," 293 00:12:20,090 --> 00:12:22,220 meaning he committed suicide. 294 00:12:22,220 --> 00:12:23,419 So he brought him forward, 295 00:12:23,419 --> 00:12:26,519 meaning as an imam to lead the people in prayer. 296 00:12:26,519 --> 00:12:28,120 As for the side areas of the mosque, 297 00:12:28,120 --> 00:12:29,919 they did not know what had happened, 298 00:12:29,919 --> 00:12:31,519 due to their distance from the front, 299 00:12:31,519 --> 00:12:34,220 except that they missed Umar's voice; 300 00:12:34,220 --> 00:12:36,820 meaning they did not hear his recitation, 301 00:12:36,820 --> 00:12:38,019 so they kept saying: 302 00:12:38,019 --> 00:12:39,120 "Glory be to Allah" (*Subhan Allah*), 303 00:12:39,120 --> 00:12:44,320 thinking that Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, had made an oversight in his prayer. 304 00:12:44,320 --> 00:12:46,419 So he moved about for a short while— 305 00:12:46,419 --> 00:12:47,419 "he moved about" (*jala*) 306 00:12:47,419 --> 00:12:49,419 means he paced back and forth. 307 00:12:49,419 --> 00:12:50,450 "The craftsman," 308 00:12:50,450 --> 00:12:52,450 meaning the artisan. 309 00:12:52,450 --> 00:12:53,450 "May Allah destroy him!" 310 00:12:53,450 --> 00:12:56,450 meaning: May Allah slay him and ruin him! 311 00:12:56,450 --> 00:12:58,509 "He did not cause my death," 312 00:12:58,509 --> 00:13:01,509 meaning my killing, to be at the hands of a man of this kind 313 00:13:01,509 --> 00:13:02,509 who claims Islam, 314 00:13:02,509 --> 00:13:04,509 meaning outwardly. 315 00:13:04,509 --> 00:13:06,509 "The non-Arab slaves" (*al-uluj*): 316 00:13:06,509 --> 00:13:08,509 a *ilj* is a non-Arab disbelieving man, 317 00:13:08,710 --> 00:13:10,710 most of whom were slaves, 318 00:13:10,710 --> 00:13:12,710 meaning unfree laborers. 319 00:13:12,710 --> 00:13:13,710 "You lied," 320 00:13:13,710 --> 00:13:17,710 and the people of the Hijaz say "you lied" where others say "you made a mistake." 321 00:13:17,710 --> 00:13:19,710 So he was carried away, 322 00:13:19,710 --> 00:13:21,710 meaning he, may Allah be pleased with him, was carried. 323 00:13:21,710 --> 00:13:23,710 So we set off with him, 324 00:13:23,710 --> 00:13:26,710 meaning we went along with him, may Allah be pleased with him. 325 00:13:26,710 --> 00:13:28,710 "No harm," 326 00:13:28,710 --> 00:13:32,710 meaning there is no fatal danger to be feared for him from this stab wound. 327 00:13:32,710 --> 00:13:34,740 Then date-infusion (*nabidh*) was brought to him; 328 00:13:34,740 --> 00:13:35,740 the meaning— 329 00:13:35,940 --> 00:13:36,940 the meaning: 330 00:13:36,940 --> 00:13:40,940 dates that they used to soak to sweeten the water, 331 00:13:40,940 --> 00:13:44,039 without fermenting or becoming intoxicating. 332 00:13:44,039 --> 00:13:46,039 So it came out of his belly, 333 00:13:46,039 --> 00:13:48,039 meaning from his wound. 334 00:13:48,039 --> 00:13:49,039 They began praising him, 335 00:13:49,039 --> 00:13:51,100 meaning speaking well of him. 336 00:13:51,100 --> 00:13:53,100 "And precedence in Islam," 337 00:13:53,100 --> 00:13:55,100 meaning virtue and priority in faith. 338 00:13:55,100 --> 00:13:57,100 "Then you ruled and were just," 339 00:13:57,100 --> 00:13:59,100 meaning during your governance. 340 00:13:59,100 --> 00:14:01,100 "Then martyrdom," 341 00:14:01,100 --> 00:14:03,100 meaning in the cause of Allah, Almighty and Glorious. 342 00:14:03,100 --> 00:14:05,100 "I wished," 343 00:14:05,299 --> 00:14:07,299 meaning I loved or longed 344 00:14:07,299 --> 00:14:11,299 "that it be just even, neither against me nor for me," 345 00:14:11,299 --> 00:14:14,299 meaning I would be pleased if it were an exact balance, 346 00:14:14,299 --> 00:14:16,299 such that evil is averted from me, 347 00:14:16,299 --> 00:14:20,299 with no punishment against me and no reward for me. 348 00:14:20,299 --> 00:14:22,340 So when he turned to leave, 349 00:14:22,340 --> 00:14:24,340 meaning departed, 350 00:14:24,340 --> 00:14:26,340 lo and behold, his waist-wrapper was touching the ground, 351 00:14:26,340 --> 00:14:28,340 meaning he had let his lower garment drag below the ankles. 352 00:14:28,340 --> 00:14:30,399 "Lift your garment," 353 00:14:30,399 --> 00:14:32,399 meaning above the ankles; 354 00:14:32,399 --> 00:14:34,399 "it is cleaner for your garment," 355 00:14:34,399 --> 00:14:36,399 so it does not get damaged, 356 00:14:36,399 --> 00:14:38,399 "and more dutiful to your Lord," 357 00:14:38,399 --> 00:14:40,460 being further removed from arrogance, O— 358 00:14:40,460 --> 00:14:42,460 "and it sufficed him," 359 00:14:42,460 --> 00:14:44,460 meaning it was enough. 360 00:14:44,460 --> 00:14:46,460 "To be buried alongside my two companions," 361 00:14:46,460 --> 00:14:48,460 meaning with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 362 00:14:48,460 --> 00:14:50,460 and with Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him. 363 00:14:50,460 --> 00:14:52,559 "I used to desire it for myself," 364 00:14:52,559 --> 00:14:54,559 meaning the burial spot, 365 00:14:54,559 --> 00:14:56,559 "but I will surely give him preference," 366 00:14:56,559 --> 00:14:58,559 meaning grant him priority or single him out, 367 00:14:58,559 --> 00:15:00,559 "over myself," 368 00:15:00,559 --> 00:15:02,559 regarding what he requested of being buried 369 00:15:02,559 --> 00:15:04,559 near the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 370 00:15:04,559 --> 00:15:06,559 "Lift me up," 371 00:15:06,559 --> 00:15:08,559 meaning from the ground, 372 00:15:08,559 --> 00:15:10,559 as if he had been reclining, 373 00:15:10,559 --> 00:15:12,559 so he ordered them to seat him up. 374 00:15:12,559 --> 00:15:14,690 A man supported him 375 00:15:14,690 --> 00:15:16,690 against himself; 376 00:15:16,690 --> 00:15:18,690 it is said he was Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, 377 00:15:18,690 --> 00:15:20,690 and it is said someone else. 378 00:15:20,690 --> 00:15:22,690 "Have you granted permission," 379 00:15:22,690 --> 00:15:24,690 meaning A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, 380 00:15:24,690 --> 00:15:26,879 "for you to be buried with your two companions?" 381 00:15:26,879 --> 00:15:28,879 "Anxiety over it weighed heavily upon me," 382 00:15:28,879 --> 00:15:30,879 meaning it preoccupied my heart and mind greatly. 383 00:15:30,879 --> 00:15:32,879 "When I die," 384 00:15:32,879 --> 00:15:34,879 meaning pass away, 385 00:15:34,879 --> 00:15:36,879 "if she grants me permission, then bring me in." 386 00:15:36,879 --> 00:15:38,879 This requesting of permission after permission had already been given 387 00:15:38,879 --> 00:15:40,879 was due to the possibility that 388 00:15:40,879 --> 00:15:42,879 the consent granted during the first request 389 00:15:42,879 --> 00:15:44,879 was given during his lifetime out of shyness before him, 390 00:15:44,879 --> 00:15:46,879 and that she might retract it after his death. 391 00:15:46,879 --> 00:15:48,879 Thus Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, desired 392 00:15:48,879 --> 00:15:50,879 not to compel her in that matter. 393 00:15:50,879 --> 00:15:52,980 "So she entered upon me," 394 00:15:52,980 --> 00:15:54,980 meaning she entered upon Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. 395 00:15:54,980 --> 00:15:56,980 "So she entered inside," 396 00:15:56,980 --> 00:15:58,980 to them; 397 00:15:58,980 --> 00:16:00,980 That is, Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) entered 398 00:16:00,980 --> 00:16:02,980 through an entrance 399 00:16:02,980 --> 00:16:04,980 belonging to her family. 400 00:16:04,980 --> 00:16:06,980 "Appoint a successor..." 401 00:16:06,980 --> 00:16:09,009 That is, designate someone to succeed in leadership. 402 00:16:09,009 --> 00:16:11,009 "...witnesses you." 403 00:16:11,009 --> 00:16:13,009 That is, is present with you. 404 00:16:13,009 --> 00:16:15,009 "Let him seek his assistance..." 405 00:16:15,009 --> 00:16:17,009 Meaning, the assistance of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him). 406 00:16:17,009 --> 00:16:19,009 "I did not dismiss..." 407 00:16:19,009 --> 00:16:21,009 Meaning, "I did not dismiss Sa'd 408 00:16:21,009 --> 00:16:23,009 (may Allah be pleased with him) 409 00:16:23,009 --> 00:16:25,009 out of incompetence..." 410 00:16:25,009 --> 00:16:27,009 Meaning, inability to manage 411 00:16:27,009 --> 00:16:29,009 financial matters. 412 00:16:29,009 --> 00:16:31,009 "...the foremost Emigrants." 413 00:16:31,009 --> 00:16:33,009 It is said they are those who were present at the Pledge of Ridwan, 414 00:16:33,009 --> 00:16:35,009 and it is also said 415 00:16:35,009 --> 00:16:37,009 those who prayed toward both Qiblahs. 416 00:16:37,009 --> 00:16:39,009 "...and preserve for them their sanctity." 417 00:16:39,009 --> 00:16:41,009 What is intended is 418 00:16:41,009 --> 00:16:43,009 to refrain from harming them 419 00:16:43,009 --> 00:16:45,039 through word and deed. 420 00:16:45,039 --> 00:16:47,039 "...those who settled in the abode..." 421 00:16:47,039 --> 00:16:49,039 Meaning, the abode of Emigration (Al-Madinah). 422 00:16:49,039 --> 00:16:51,039 The Ansar settled in it before the Emigrants, 423 00:16:51,039 --> 00:16:53,039 and built the mosques 424 00:16:53,039 --> 00:16:55,039 before the Emigration. 425 00:16:55,039 --> 00:16:57,039 "...and embraced faith." 426 00:16:57,039 --> 00:16:59,039 Meaning, preferred and chose faith. 427 00:16:59,039 --> 00:17:01,039 "...the people of the garrison towns." 428 00:17:01,039 --> 00:17:03,169 That is, the cities. 429 00:17:03,169 --> 00:17:05,170 "They are the defenders of Islam..." 430 00:17:05,170 --> 00:17:07,170 That is, the helpers of Islam who defend it, 431 00:17:07,170 --> 00:17:09,170 "...and the collectors of wealth..." 432 00:17:09,170 --> 00:17:11,170 meaning, those who collect it, 433 00:17:11,170 --> 00:17:13,170 "...and a source of rage to the enemy..." 434 00:17:13,170 --> 00:17:15,170 meaning, they enrage the enemy through their large numbers 435 00:17:15,170 --> 00:17:17,170 and strength. 436 00:17:17,170 --> 00:17:19,170 "...except their surplus." 437 00:17:19,170 --> 00:17:21,170 Meaning, except what exceeds their needs 438 00:17:21,170 --> 00:17:23,170 and is surplus to their requirements. 439 00:17:23,170 --> 00:17:25,170 "...the backbone of Islam..." 440 00:17:25,170 --> 00:17:27,170 Meaning, those who reinforce them, 441 00:17:27,170 --> 00:17:29,170 assist them, 442 00:17:29,170 --> 00:17:31,170 and swell their armies 443 00:17:31,170 --> 00:17:33,200 when summoned to rally. 444 00:17:33,200 --> 00:17:35,200 "...the non-essential portions of their wealth." 445 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:37,200 Meaning, those items that are neither choice nor prized. 446 00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:39,230 "...the covenant of Allah 447 00:17:39,230 --> 00:17:41,230 and the covenant of His Messenger 448 00:17:41,230 --> 00:17:43,230 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)." 449 00:17:43,230 --> 00:17:45,230 What is meant by it here is the protected non-Muslim subjects (*ahl al-dhimmah*); 450 00:17:45,230 --> 00:17:47,230 and it is also said to mean the generality of the believers. 451 00:17:47,230 --> 00:17:49,259 "...and that he fight 452 00:17:49,259 --> 00:17:51,259 behind them." 453 00:17:51,259 --> 00:17:53,259 The Muslims defend the protected non-Muslim subjects 454 00:17:53,259 --> 00:17:55,259 whenever an enemy targets them. 455 00:17:55,259 --> 00:17:57,299 "...and that they not be burdened beyond 456 00:17:57,299 --> 00:17:59,299 their capacity." 457 00:17:59,299 --> 00:18:01,420 Meaning, with respect to the poll tax (*jizyah*). 458 00:18:01,420 --> 00:18:03,420 So when he passed away— 459 00:18:03,420 --> 00:18:05,420 meaning, died— 460 00:18:05,420 --> 00:18:07,420 "I will not fall short regarding the best of you..." 461 00:18:07,420 --> 00:18:09,420 Meaning, I will not hesitate to acknowledge the best among you, 462 00:18:09,420 --> 00:18:11,420 "...and the most precedent in Islam." 463 00:18:11,420 --> 00:18:13,549 Meaning, priority and virtue. 464 00:18:13,549 --> 00:18:15,549 "For if I placed you in command, it was so you would deal justly." 465 00:18:15,549 --> 00:18:17,549 Meaning, judge with justice. 466 00:18:17,549 --> 00:18:19,549 He secluded himself with the other— 467 00:18:19,549 --> 00:18:21,549 he was Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). 468 00:18:21,549 --> 00:18:23,579 He took the pledge— 469 00:18:23,579 --> 00:18:25,579 meaning, the solemn covenant—regarding 470 00:18:25,579 --> 00:18:27,579 what he said to them. 471 00:18:27,579 --> 00:18:29,579 And the people of the house entered— 472 00:18:29,579 --> 00:18:32,059 meaning, they came in to give the oath of allegiance. 473 00:18:32,059 --> 00:18:34,059 Among the benefits of the hadith: 474 00:18:34,059 --> 00:18:36,960 In the hadith there is a demonstration of 475 00:18:36,960 --> 00:18:38,960 the virtue of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), 476 00:18:38,960 --> 00:18:40,960 his intense concern 477 00:18:40,960 --> 00:18:42,960 for his subjects, and his fear 478 00:18:42,960 --> 00:18:44,960 of standing before the Most Merciful. 479 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:46,960 In it is that it behoves 480 00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:48,960 the ruler to oversee 481 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:50,960 and question his officials regarding that which pertains to 482 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:52,960 the affairs of his subjects. 483 00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:54,960 In it is an exhortation to gentleness 484 00:18:54,960 --> 00:18:56,960 and leniency in dealing with people, 485 00:18:56,960 --> 00:18:58,960 and to refrain from causing hardship 486 00:18:58,960 --> 00:19:00,960 to others. 487 00:19:00,960 --> 00:19:02,960 In it is an exhortation to assist 488 00:19:02,960 --> 00:19:04,960 those in need among the poor and widows. 489 00:19:04,960 --> 00:19:06,960 In it is the command 490 00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:08,960 to straighten the rows in prayer. 491 00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:10,960 In it is the legitimacy of lengthening 492 00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:12,960 the recitation during the Fajr prayer. 493 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:14,960 In it is the desirability of 494 00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:16,960 prolonging the first unit of prayer (*rak'ah*). 495 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:18,960 In it is the desirability of shortening the prayer 496 00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:20,960 due to an unforeseen circumstance arising during it. 497 00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:22,960 In it is the permissibility of appointing a substitute imam 498 00:19:22,960 --> 00:19:24,960 during prayer. 499 00:19:24,960 --> 00:19:26,960 In the hadith there is an indication 500 00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:28,960 that it is recommended for those immediately behind 501 00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:30,960 the imam to be people of fiqh and knowledge. 502 00:19:30,960 --> 00:19:32,960 In the hadith, 503 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:34,960 the follower in prayer says 504 00:19:34,960 --> 00:19:36,960 "Glorified be Allah" (*Subhan Allah*) 505 00:19:36,960 --> 00:19:38,960 if the imam makes an oversight in his prayer. 506 00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:40,960 In it is the permissibility of extensive movement 507 00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:42,960 and interrupting the prayer due to necessity, 508 00:19:42,960 --> 00:19:44,960 such as repelling an attacker, 509 00:19:44,960 --> 00:19:46,960 killing a scorpion, and the like. 510 00:19:46,960 --> 00:19:48,960 In the hadith is the concern of 511 00:19:48,960 --> 00:19:50,960 Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) 512 00:19:50,960 --> 00:19:52,960 for the matters of religion, 513 00:19:52,960 --> 00:19:54,960 greater than his concern 514 00:19:54,960 --> 00:19:56,990 for his own self. 515 00:19:56,990 --> 00:19:58,990 In it is the command to verify facts 516 00:19:58,990 --> 00:20:00,990 in all matters. 517 00:20:00,990 --> 00:20:02,990 In the hadith is an indication of the stature 518 00:20:02,990 --> 00:20:04,990 of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) 519 00:20:04,990 --> 00:20:06,990 in the eyes of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), 520 00:20:06,990 --> 00:20:08,990 and his assigning grave matters to him. 521 00:20:08,990 --> 00:20:10,990 In it is the permissibility of supplicating 522 00:20:10,990 --> 00:20:12,990 against hypocrites and disbelievers. 523 00:20:12,990 --> 00:20:14,990 In it is the desirability of praising Allah Almighty 524 00:20:14,990 --> 00:20:16,990 in every state. 525 00:20:16,990 --> 00:20:18,990 In the hadith is the believer's contentment 526 00:20:18,990 --> 00:20:20,990 amidst affliction, 527 00:20:20,990 --> 00:20:22,990 and his relief mixed with praise 528 00:20:22,990 --> 00:20:24,990 that it was not at the hands of a Muslim. 529 00:20:24,990 --> 00:20:26,990 The hadith demonstrates 530 00:20:26,990 --> 00:20:28,990 the legitimacy of considering outcomes 531 00:20:28,990 --> 00:20:30,990 and blocking the means to harm. 532 00:20:30,990 --> 00:20:32,990 For this reason, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) 533 00:20:32,990 --> 00:20:34,990 used to prevent the entry of 534 00:20:34,990 --> 00:20:36,990 adult non-Arab captives 535 00:20:36,990 --> 00:20:38,990 into Al-Madinah. 536 00:20:38,990 --> 00:20:40,990 In it is guidance showing that 537 00:20:40,990 --> 00:20:42,990 Islam is tied to the public interest. 538 00:20:42,990 --> 00:20:44,990 In the hadith is that 539 00:20:44,990 --> 00:20:46,990 Islam protects human life. 540 00:20:46,990 --> 00:20:48,990 In it is the permissibility of drinking unfermented date-steeped water (*nabidh*) 541 00:20:48,990 --> 00:20:50,990 that has not become potent 542 00:20:50,990 --> 00:20:52,990 or intoxicating. 543 00:20:52,990 --> 00:20:54,990 They used to steep dates at night 544 00:20:54,990 --> 00:20:56,990 and drink the liquid during the day; 545 00:20:56,990 --> 00:20:58,990 if several days passed, 546 00:20:58,990 --> 00:21:00,990 they poured it out for fear of intoxication. 547 00:21:00,990 --> 00:21:02,990 In it is the legitimacy of 548 00:21:02,990 --> 00:21:04,990 accepting the medical counsel of trustworthy 549 00:21:04,990 --> 00:21:06,990 physicians. 550 00:21:06,990 --> 00:21:08,990 In the hadith, the testimony 551 00:21:08,990 --> 00:21:10,990 of a dying person is admissible. 552 00:21:10,990 --> 00:21:12,990 In it is that if a Muslim is murdered 553 00:21:12,990 --> 00:21:14,990 intentionally, forgiveness may still be hoped 554 00:21:14,990 --> 00:21:17,089 for him. 555 00:21:17,089 --> 00:21:19,089 In it is guiding a person on their deathbed to bequest 556 00:21:19,089 --> 00:21:21,089 the settlement of their debts, 557 00:21:21,089 --> 00:21:23,089 and specifying debts in detail. 558 00:21:23,089 --> 00:21:25,089 In it is the permissibility of 559 00:21:25,089 --> 00:21:27,089 wishing to leave this worldly life 560 00:21:27,089 --> 00:21:29,089 breaking even, 561 00:21:29,089 --> 00:21:31,089 such that one is neither held to account for what was earned 562 00:21:31,089 --> 00:21:33,089 nor for what was committed. 563 00:21:33,089 --> 00:21:35,089 In it is the obligation of enjoining good 564 00:21:35,089 --> 00:21:37,089 and forbidding evil under all circumstances, 565 00:21:37,089 --> 00:21:39,089 even if the command occurs during terminal illness. 566 00:21:39,089 --> 00:21:41,089 In the hadith is 567 00:21:41,089 --> 00:21:43,089 the prohibition against letting one's garment hang below the ankles (*isbal*). 568 00:21:43,089 --> 00:21:45,089 In it is that the wisdom 569 00:21:45,089 --> 00:21:47,089 behind avoiding *isbal* 570 00:21:47,089 --> 00:21:49,089 is keeping the garment clean from dirt 571 00:21:49,089 --> 00:21:51,089 and wear, 572 00:21:51,089 --> 00:21:53,089 as well as safeguarding the heart from pride and disease. 573 00:21:53,089 --> 00:21:55,250 In it is the permissibility of a ruler resigning 574 00:21:55,250 --> 00:21:57,250 himself from office. 575 00:21:57,250 --> 00:21:59,250 In the hadith, 576 00:21:59,250 --> 00:22:01,250 terminal illness is a valid ground 577 00:22:01,250 --> 00:22:03,250 for stepping down from leadership. 578 00:22:03,250 --> 00:22:05,250 In it is a demonstration of the humility of Umar 579 00:22:05,250 --> 00:22:07,250 (may Allah be pleased with him). 580 00:22:07,250 --> 00:22:09,250 In it is guidance toward ensuring burial 581 00:22:09,250 --> 00:22:11,250 near righteous people. 582 00:22:11,250 --> 00:22:13,250 In it is a demonstration of the depth of 583 00:22:13,250 --> 00:22:15,250 Umar's love (may Allah be pleased with him) 584 00:22:15,250 --> 00:22:17,250 for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 585 00:22:17,250 --> 00:22:19,250 to the extent that he wished 586 00:22:19,250 --> 00:22:21,250 to be buried by his side. 587 00:22:21,250 --> 00:22:23,250 In it is a demonstration of the depth of 588 00:22:23,250 --> 00:22:25,250 Umar's love (may Allah be pleased with him) 589 00:22:25,250 --> 00:22:27,250 for Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), 590 00:22:27,250 --> 00:22:29,250 as he wished to be buried beside him. 591 00:22:29,250 --> 00:22:31,250 In the hadith is 592 00:22:31,250 --> 00:22:33,250 recognition by the Mothers of the Believers 593 00:22:33,250 --> 00:22:35,250 (may Allah be pleased with them) 594 00:22:35,250 --> 00:22:37,250 of the virtue of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) 595 00:22:37,250 --> 00:22:39,339 and his high standing. 596 00:22:39,339 --> 00:22:41,339 It also shows the obligation to seek permission 597 00:22:41,339 --> 00:22:43,339 from the rightful owner 598 00:22:43,339 --> 00:22:45,380 before occupying what belongs to them. 599 00:22:45,380 --> 00:22:47,380 The hadith also indicates that 600 00:22:47,380 --> 00:22:49,380 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) 601 00:22:49,380 --> 00:22:51,380 owned the house in which 602 00:22:51,380 --> 00:22:53,380 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 603 00:22:53,380 --> 00:22:55,380 and Abu Bakr were buried. 604 00:22:55,380 --> 00:22:57,380 It also demonstrates the permissibility of weeping 605 00:22:57,380 --> 00:22:59,380 over the deceased, 606 00:22:59,380 --> 00:23:01,380 provided there is no wailing or lamentation. 607 00:23:01,380 --> 00:23:03,380 It also shows that the ruler has the right 608 00:23:03,380 --> 00:23:05,380 to dismiss governors without any suspicion of wrongdoing. 609 00:23:05,380 --> 00:23:07,380 The hadith also contains a counsel 610 00:23:07,380 --> 00:23:09,380 concerning workers and governors. 611 00:23:09,380 --> 00:23:11,380 And the hadith indicates 612 00:23:11,380 --> 00:23:13,380 the obligation to dismiss governors 613 00:23:13,380 --> 00:23:15,380 whenever they are incapable of performing 614 00:23:15,380 --> 00:23:17,380 their duties, 615 00:23:17,380 --> 00:23:19,380 as well as the obligation to dismiss governors 616 00:23:19,380 --> 00:23:21,380 if their betrayal 617 00:23:21,380 --> 00:23:23,380 of their office is proven, 618 00:23:23,380 --> 00:23:25,380 such as by consuming wealth unlawfully. 619 00:23:25,380 --> 00:23:27,380 It also shows that the caliph has the authority 620 00:23:27,380 --> 00:23:29,380 to appoint a consultative council (shura), 621 00:23:29,380 --> 00:23:31,380 just as 'Umar did. 622 00:23:31,380 --> 00:23:33,380 It also demonstrates the legitimacy of concern 623 00:23:33,380 --> 00:23:35,380 and of preoccupying the heart and mind 624 00:23:35,380 --> 00:23:37,380 with weighty affairs of state. 625 00:23:37,380 --> 00:23:39,410 The hadith also demonstrates 626 00:23:39,410 --> 00:23:41,410 the discerning wisdom of 'Umar, 627 00:23:41,410 --> 00:23:43,410 as he did not include his son 'Abdullah 628 00:23:43,410 --> 00:23:45,410 Ibn 'Umar 629 00:23:45,410 --> 00:23:47,410 among the members of the consultative council, 630 00:23:47,410 --> 00:23:49,440 out of concern for his welfare. 631 00:23:49,440 --> 00:23:51,440 The hadith also clarifies the virtue of the Hijrah 632 00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:53,440 and the virtue of the early Emigrants (Muhajirun). 633 00:23:53,440 --> 00:23:55,440 It also illustrates 634 00:23:55,440 --> 00:23:57,440 the lofty status of the Ansar, 635 00:23:57,440 --> 00:23:59,440 into whose hearts faith entered 636 00:23:59,440 --> 00:24:01,440 before the Hijrah. 637 00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:03,440 It also urges pardoning 638 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:05,440 the doer of good when there issues 639 00:24:05,440 --> 00:24:07,440 from him a slip or mistake. 640 00:24:07,440 --> 00:24:09,440 The hadith also contains an exhortation 641 00:24:09,440 --> 00:24:11,440 concerning non-Muslim subjects (Ahl al-Dhimmah) and showing excellence 642 00:24:11,440 --> 00:24:13,440 in dealing with them 643 00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:15,440 and fulfilling their covenant. 644 00:24:15,440 --> 00:24:17,440 It also implies not burdening non-Muslim subjects 645 00:24:17,440 --> 00:24:19,440 and workers beyond 646 00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:21,440 their capacity. 647 00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:23,440 It also affirms that non-Muslim subjects 648 00:24:23,440 --> 00:24:25,440 have the right to be defended, 649 00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:27,440 and that their rights must not be infringed upon. 650 00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:29,440 The hadith also contains a counsel 651 00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:31,440 concerning both city-dwellers and bedouins, 652 00:24:31,440 --> 00:24:33,440 for each possesses their own virtue and standing. 653 00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:35,440 It also shows that 'Umar 654 00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:37,440 encompassed in his counsel 655 00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:39,440 all categories of people, 656 00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:41,440 for people are either Muslim 657 00:24:41,440 --> 00:24:43,440 or non-Muslim: 658 00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:45,440 the non-Muslim is either at war (harbi), 659 00:24:45,440 --> 00:24:47,440 who is not commended, 660 00:24:47,440 --> 00:24:49,440 or a protected subject (dhimmi), 661 00:24:49,440 --> 00:24:51,440 whom he explicitly mentioned; 662 00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:53,440 while the Muslim is either an Emigrant 663 00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:55,440 or otherwise; 664 00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:57,440 and all of them are either bedouins 665 00:24:57,440 --> 00:24:59,440 or settled city-dwellers, 666 00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:01,440 and he addressed them all. 667 00:25:01,440 --> 00:25:03,440 It also illustrates the goodwill of 'A'ishah 668 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:05,440 toward 'Umar, 669 00:25:05,440 --> 00:25:07,440 may Allah be pleased with them, 670 00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:09,440 as she favored him over herself. 671 00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:11,440 It also encourages altruism (ithar), 672 00:25:11,440 --> 00:25:13,440 for it is a noble character trait 673 00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:15,440 commanded by the Wise Lawgiver, 674 00:25:15,440 --> 00:25:17,440 and the best to ever practice it were the Companions, 675 00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:19,440 may Allah be pleased with them. 676 00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:21,440 It also shows the permissibility of delegation 677 00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:23,440 in consultation. 678 00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:25,440 The hadith also indicates that consultation in public affairs 679 00:25:25,440 --> 00:25:27,440 is a momentous trust. 680 00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:29,440 It also demonstrates that precedence belongs to the foremost. 681 00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:31,440 The hadith also shows that 682 00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:33,440 the caliphate of 'Uthman 683 00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:35,440 was established through mutual consultation. 684 00:25:35,440 --> 00:25:39,619 Chapter: What is forbidden 685 00:25:39,619 --> 00:25:42,319 regarding reviling the dead. 686 00:25:42,319 --> 00:25:44,319 On the authority of 'A'ishah: 687 00:25:44,319 --> 00:25:46,319 she said 688 00:25:46,319 --> 00:25:48,319 that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 689 00:25:48,319 --> 00:25:50,319 "Do not revile the dead, 690 00:25:50,319 --> 00:25:52,319 for they have already 691 00:25:52,319 --> 00:25:54,319 arrived at what they sent forth." 692 00:25:54,319 --> 00:25:56,930 Commentary 693 00:25:56,930 --> 00:25:59,309 on the hadith: 694 00:25:59,309 --> 00:26:01,309 "Do not revile the dead," 695 00:26:01,309 --> 00:26:03,309 meaning: do not curse them or mention them 696 00:26:03,309 --> 00:26:05,309 with evil. 697 00:26:05,309 --> 00:26:07,309 "They have already arrived at what they sent forth," 698 00:26:07,309 --> 00:26:09,309 meaning: they have reached the recompense of their deeds. 699 00:26:09,309 --> 00:26:11,630 Some benefits 700 00:26:11,630 --> 00:26:14,339 derived from the hadith: 701 00:26:14,339 --> 00:26:16,339 It is derived from the hadith 702 00:26:16,339 --> 00:26:18,339 that reviling the dead functions in the same manner 703 00:26:18,339 --> 00:26:20,339 as backbiting. 704 00:26:20,339 --> 00:26:22,339 The hadith also indicates that insulting and reviling 705 00:26:22,339 --> 00:26:24,339 are contrary to the character of a Muslim. 706 00:26:24,339 --> 00:26:27,869 Chapter: Mentioning the wicked among the dead. 707 00:26:27,869 --> 00:26:30,670 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas 708 00:26:30,670 --> 00:26:32,670 (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), 709 00:26:32,670 --> 00:26:34,670 who said: 710 00:26:34,670 --> 00:26:36,670 "When there was revealed: 711 00:26:36,670 --> 00:26:38,670 'And warn your nearest kinsfolk'— 712 00:26:38,670 --> 00:26:40,670 and in a narration: 713 00:26:40,670 --> 00:26:42,670 'and your sincere clan among them'— 714 00:26:42,670 --> 00:26:44,670 the Prophet (peace be upon him) climbed 715 00:26:44,670 --> 00:26:46,670 Mount al-Safa." 716 00:26:46,670 --> 00:26:48,740 In one narration: 717 00:26:48,740 --> 00:26:50,740 "and cried out: 718 00:26:50,740 --> 00:26:52,799 'O disaster of the morning!' 719 00:26:52,799 --> 00:26:54,799 Then he began calling out: 720 00:26:54,799 --> 00:26:56,799 'O Banu Fihr! 721 00:26:56,799 --> 00:26:58,799 O Banu 'Adi!'— 722 00:26:58,799 --> 00:27:00,799 addressing the clans of Quraysh— 723 00:27:00,799 --> 00:27:02,799 until they gathered together. 724 00:27:02,799 --> 00:27:04,799 If any man was unable to come out himself, 725 00:27:04,799 --> 00:27:06,799 he sent a messenger 726 00:27:06,799 --> 00:27:08,799 to see what it was. 727 00:27:08,799 --> 00:27:10,799 Abu Lahab and Quraysh arrived, 728 00:27:10,799 --> 00:27:12,799 so he said: 729 00:27:12,799 --> 00:27:14,799 'Tell me: if I were to inform you 730 00:27:14,799 --> 00:27:16,799 that there are cavalry in the valley 731 00:27:16,799 --> 00:27:18,930 intending to raid you, 732 00:27:18,930 --> 00:27:20,930 —and in one narration: 733 00:27:20,930 --> 00:27:22,930 'Tell me: if I were to tell you 734 00:27:22,930 --> 00:27:24,930 that the enemy is coming to attack you by morning 735 00:27:24,930 --> 00:27:27,019 or by evening— 736 00:27:27,019 --> 00:27:29,019 would you believe me?' 737 00:27:29,019 --> 00:27:31,019 They replied, 'Yes; 738 00:27:31,019 --> 00:27:33,019 we have never experienced from you 739 00:27:33,019 --> 00:27:35,089 anything but truthfulness.' 740 00:27:35,089 --> 00:27:37,089 He said, 'Then indeed, I am a warner to you 741 00:27:37,089 --> 00:27:39,089 “Say (unto them, O Muhammad): I exhort you unto one thing only: that ye awake, for Allah's sake, by twos and singly, and then reflect: There is no madness in your comrade. He is naught else than a warner unto you in face of a terrific doom.” (34:46) 742 00:27:39,089 --> 00:27:41,180 of a severe punishment.' 743 00:27:41,180 --> 00:27:43,180 Abu Lahab said: 744 00:27:43,180 --> 00:27:45,180 'Perish you for the rest of the day! 745 00:27:45,180 --> 00:27:47,180 Is it for this that you have gathered us?' 746 00:27:47,180 --> 00:27:49,180 Thereupon there was revealed: 747 00:27:49,180 --> 00:27:51,180 'Perish the hands of Abu Lahab, and perish he! 748 00:27:51,180 --> 00:27:53,180 His wealth will not avail him, 749 00:27:53,180 --> 00:27:55,180 nor all that he gained.'" 750 00:27:55,180 --> 00:27:57,819 Commentary 751 00:27:57,819 --> 00:28:00,619 on the hadith: 752 00:28:00,619 --> 00:28:02,619 "And warn your kinsfolk, 753 00:28:02,619 --> 00:28:04,619 the nearest," 754 00:28:04,619 --> 00:28:06,619 meaning: those who are closest to you among people, 755 00:28:06,619 --> 00:28:08,619 and most deserving of your benevolence, 756 00:28:08,619 --> 00:28:10,660 both religious and worldly. 757 00:28:10,660 --> 00:28:12,660 "O Banu Fihr" 758 00:28:12,660 --> 00:28:14,660 is one of the clans of Quraysh. 759 00:28:14,660 --> 00:28:16,660 "O Banu 'Adi" 760 00:28:16,660 --> 00:28:18,660 is the clan of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab. 761 00:28:18,660 --> 00:28:20,779 "Tell me," 762 00:28:20,779 --> 00:28:22,779 that is: inform me. 763 00:28:22,779 --> 00:28:24,779 "We have never experienced from you anything but truthfulness," 764 00:28:24,779 --> 00:28:26,779 meaning: we have never known 765 00:28:26,779 --> 00:28:28,779 of you anything except honesty. 766 00:28:28,779 --> 00:28:30,819 "Perish the hands of Abu Lahab, 767 00:28:30,819 --> 00:28:32,819 and perish he," 768 00:28:32,819 --> 00:28:34,819 meaning: may his hands be ruined and made wretched, 769 00:28:34,819 --> 00:28:37,069 so that he gains no profit. 770 00:28:37,069 --> 00:28:39,069 “His wealth and gains will not exempt him.” (111:2) 771 00:28:39,069 --> 00:28:41,069 "His wealth," that is: which he possessed and which caused him to transgress, 772 00:28:41,069 --> 00:28:43,099 "nor all that he gained," 773 00:28:43,099 --> 00:28:45,099 meaning: nor whatever he earned, 774 00:28:45,099 --> 00:28:47,099 for none of it will avert from him anything 775 00:28:47,099 --> 00:28:49,099 of the punishment of Allah when it befalls him. 776 00:28:49,099 --> 00:28:51,490 Some benefits derived from the hadith: 777 00:28:54,220 --> 00:28:56,220 Among the legal points of fiqh in the hadith 778 00:28:56,220 --> 00:28:58,220 is the Messenger of Allah reaching 779 00:28:58,220 --> 00:29:00,220 the utmost degree in conveying the message. 780 00:29:00,220 --> 00:29:02,220 It also reflects the wisdom of 781 00:29:02,220 --> 00:29:04,220 beginning that endeavor 782 00:29:04,220 --> 00:29:06,220 with the nearest kinsfolk, 783 00:29:06,220 --> 00:29:08,220 because they are the ones who know best 784 00:29:08,220 --> 00:29:10,220 a person's inner realities and private affairs, 785 00:29:10,220 --> 00:29:12,220 and they are the most observant 786 00:29:12,220 --> 00:29:14,220 of his hidden states; 787 00:29:14,220 --> 00:29:16,220 thus he cannot enjoin upon 788 00:29:16,220 --> 00:29:18,220 the closest members of his family 789 00:29:18,220 --> 00:29:20,220 anything contrary to what he commands others, 790 00:29:20,220 --> 00:29:22,220 and he then conveys it to the rest of mankind afterward. 791 00:29:22,220 --> 00:29:24,220 It also shows the legitimacy of 792 00:29:24,220 --> 00:29:26,220 tracing each tribe 793 00:29:26,220 --> 00:29:28,220 to its forebears. 794 00:29:28,220 --> 00:29:30,220 And the hadith shows that 795 00:29:30,220 --> 00:29:32,220 The Quraysh knew the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 796 00:29:32,220 --> 00:29:34,220 as the Truthful and the Trustworthy. 797 00:29:34,220 --> 00:29:36,220 This contains a clarification 798 00:29:36,220 --> 00:29:38,220 that the Prophet, peace be upon him, 799 00:29:38,220 --> 00:29:40,220 is a warner to his people 800 00:29:40,220 --> 00:29:42,220 and to all of mankind. 801 00:29:42,220 --> 00:29:44,220 The hadith also indicates 802 00:29:44,220 --> 00:29:46,220 that lineage will not save one from the Fire of Hell. 803 00:29:46,220 --> 00:29:48,220 It further establishes that whoever is held back 804 00:29:48,220 --> 00:29:50,220 by his deeds will not be hastened forward by his lineage. 805 00:29:50,220 --> 00:29:52,220 It also clarifies that 806 00:29:52,220 --> 00:29:54,220 lineage to the Prophetic household (Ahl al-Bayt) 807 00:29:54,220 --> 00:29:56,220 is of no benefit without faith.