WEBVTT 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:03.379 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.379 --> 00:00:06.320 The Ifadah Center 00:00:06.320 --> 00:00:09.519 for Humanistic Studies and Research 00:00:09.519 --> 00:00:10.820 presents 00:00:10.820 --> 00:00:15.919 *Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari*. 00:00:15.919 --> 00:00:22.329 Chapter: What Has Been Related Regarding the Grave of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:00:22.329 --> 00:00:25.730 and those of Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). 00:00:25.730 --> 00:00:30.519 Narrative from 'A'ishah: She said to 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, 00:00:30.519 --> 00:00:33.119 "Bury me with my female companions, 00:00:33.320 --> 00:00:38.320 and do not bury me with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the house, 00:00:38.320 --> 00:00:41.320 for I dislike to be praised." 00:00:41.320 --> 00:00:45.310 Commentary on the hadith: 00:00:45.310 --> 00:00:47.509 "Bury me with my female companions"— 00:00:47.509 --> 00:00:49.310 meaning in al-Baqi'. 00:00:49.310 --> 00:00:51.579 "I dislike to be praised"— 00:00:51.579 --> 00:00:55.380 meaning so that people will not extol my virtues on account of that. 00:00:55.380 --> 00:00:58.369 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:00:58.369 --> 00:01:00.799 In this hadith, 00:01:00.799 --> 00:01:05.099 there is an exposition of the virtue of the Mother of the Believers, 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), 00:01:05.500 --> 00:01:10.640 as well as an exposition of the virtue of humility. 00:01:10.640 --> 00:01:13.239 Narrative from 'Amr ibn Maymun: He said, 00:01:13.239 --> 00:01:16.340 "I saw 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:01:16.340 --> 00:01:19.939 in Medina a few days before he was wounded. 00:01:19.939 --> 00:01:22.540 He stood over Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman 00:01:22.540 --> 00:01:24.840 and 'Uthman ibn Hunayf 00:01:24.840 --> 00:01:27.739 and said, 'How have you two acted? 00:01:27.739 --> 00:01:32.840 Do you fear that you have burdened the land with more than it can bear?' 00:01:32.840 --> 00:01:34.140 They replied, 00:01:34.140 --> 00:01:37.540 'We have imposed upon it a burden that it is capable of bearing; 00:01:37.540 --> 00:01:40.040 there is no great surplus in it.' 00:01:40.040 --> 00:01:41.140 He said, 00:01:41.140 --> 00:01:45.840 'Ensure that you have not burdened the land with more than it can bear.' 00:01:45.840 --> 00:01:46.840 They said, 00:01:46.840 --> 00:01:48.780 'No, we have not.' 00:01:48.780 --> 00:01:50.480 Thereupon 'Umar said, 00:01:50.480 --> 00:01:52.280 'If Allah keeps me safe, 00:01:52.280 --> 00:01:54.579 I shall surely leave the widows of the people of Iraq 00:01:54.579 --> 00:01:58.340 in a state where they will never need any man after me.' 00:01:58.340 --> 00:01:59.439 He said: 00:01:59.439 --> 00:02:01.939 But four days had not passed over him 00:02:01.939 --> 00:02:03.939 until he was struck down. 00:02:03.939 --> 00:02:04.939 He continued: 00:02:04.939 --> 00:02:07.840 I was standing with nothing between him and me 00:02:07.840 --> 00:02:10.039 except 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas 00:02:10.039 --> 00:02:12.139 on the morning he was struck down. 00:02:12.139 --> 00:02:15.039 Whenever he walked between the two rows of worshippers, 00:02:15.039 --> 00:02:15.939 he would say, 00:02:15.939 --> 00:02:17.340 'Straighten your rows.' 00:02:17.340 --> 00:02:20.039 When he saw no gaps among them, 00:02:20.039 --> 00:02:22.340 he would step forward and say the takbir, 00:02:22.340 --> 00:02:26.539 and he would often recite Surah Yusuf, Surah al-Nahl, or the like 00:02:26.539 --> 00:02:28.139 in the first rak'ah, 00:02:28.139 --> 00:02:30.539 so that the people might gather. 00:02:30.539 --> 00:02:32.740 No sooner had he pronounced the takbir 00:02:32.740 --> 00:02:34.840 than I heard him say, 00:02:34.840 --> 00:02:37.539 'The dog has killed me!' or 'has bitten me!' 00:02:37.539 --> 00:02:39.340 when he was stabbed. 00:02:39.340 --> 00:02:42.740 The non-Arab slave fled with a double-bladed dagger, 00:02:42.740 --> 00:02:47.639 stabbing no one on his right or left without wounding him, 00:02:47.639 --> 00:02:50.639 until he had stabbed thirteen men, 00:02:50.639 --> 00:02:52.969 seven of whom died. 00:02:52.969 --> 00:02:56.169 When a man from among the Muslims saw that, 00:02:56.169 --> 00:02:58.469 he threw a hooded cloak over him. 00:02:58.469 --> 00:03:01.370 Realizing that he was captured, the non-Arab slave 00:03:01.370 --> 00:03:03.199 slit his own throat. 00:03:03.199 --> 00:03:07.900 'Umar grabbed the hand of 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf and pushed him forward. 00:03:07.900 --> 00:03:11.500 Those immediately behind 'Umar saw what I saw, 00:03:11.500 --> 00:03:13.400 while those in the outer corners of the mosque 00:03:13.400 --> 00:03:15.400 did not know what happened, 00:03:15.400 --> 00:03:18.400 except that they missed 'Umar's voice, 00:03:18.400 --> 00:03:20.000 and they were saying, 00:03:20.000 --> 00:03:23.300 'Glory be to Allah! Glory be to Allah!' 00:03:23.300 --> 00:03:27.000 So 'Abd al-Rahman led them in a brief prayer. 00:03:27.000 --> 00:03:28.699 When they finished, 00:03:28.699 --> 00:03:30.599 'Umar said, 'O Ibn 'Abbas, 00:03:30.599 --> 00:03:32.800 go see who killed me.' 00:03:32.800 --> 00:03:34.300 He searched for an hour 00:03:34.300 --> 00:03:36.400 and then returned and said, 00:03:36.400 --> 00:03:38.400 'The slave of al-Mughirah.' 00:03:38.400 --> 00:03:39.400 'Umar asked, 00:03:39.400 --> 00:03:40.800 'The craftsman?' 00:03:40.800 --> 00:03:42.300 Ibn 'Abbas replied, 'Yes.' 00:03:42.300 --> 00:03:43.300 'Umar said, 00:03:43.300 --> 00:03:45.000 'May Allah curse him! 00:03:45.000 --> 00:03:47.900 I had commanded good treatment for him. 00:03:47.900 --> 00:03:50.800 Praise be to Allah Who did not cause my death to be 00:03:50.800 --> 00:03:53.599 at the hand of a man who claims Islam! 00:03:53.599 --> 00:03:58.900 You and your father used to love having many non-Arab slaves in Medina.' 00:03:58.900 --> 00:04:02.199 Al-'Abbas had the greatest number of foreign slaves. 00:04:02.199 --> 00:04:03.500 Ibn 'Abbas replied, 00:04:03.500 --> 00:04:05.500 'If you wish, I shall do it'— 00:04:05.500 --> 00:04:08.099 meaning, if you wish, we shall kill them. 00:04:08.099 --> 00:04:09.699 'Umar said, 'You have lied! 00:04:09.699 --> 00:04:12.300 How could you kill them after they have spoken your language, 00:04:12.300 --> 00:04:14.300 prayed toward your Qiblah, 00:04:14.300 --> 00:04:16.500 and performed your pilgrimage?' 00:04:16.500 --> 00:04:18.199 Then 'Umar was carried to his house, 00:04:18.199 --> 00:04:20.000 and we set off with him. 00:04:20.000 --> 00:04:24.899 It was as though the people had never suffered a calamity before that day. 00:04:24.899 --> 00:04:26.699 Some were saying, 00:04:26.699 --> 00:04:28.000 'There is no harm; he will recover.' 00:04:28.000 --> 00:04:29.899 While others were saying, 00:04:29.899 --> 00:04:31.699 'I fear for him.' 00:04:31.699 --> 00:04:34.300 Date-infusion was brought to him and he drank it, 00:04:34.300 --> 00:04:36.300 but it came out of his belly. 00:04:36.300 --> 00:04:39.000 Then milk was brought to him and he drank it, 00:04:39.000 --> 00:04:41.100 but it came out through his wound. 00:04:41.100 --> 00:04:43.699 Thus they knew that he was dying. 00:04:43.699 --> 00:04:45.300 We went in to see him, 00:04:45.300 --> 00:04:48.800 and people began coming in to praise him. 00:04:48.800 --> 00:04:51.000 A young man came 00:04:51.000 --> 00:04:52.300 and said, 00:04:52.300 --> 00:04:56.100 'Rejoice, O Commander of the Faithful, with the glad tidings from Allah to you: 00:04:56.100 --> 00:05:00.100 your companionship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:05:00.100 --> 00:05:03.300 your early priority in Islam which you well know, 00:05:03.300 --> 00:05:05.500 then your assumption of authority and your just rule, 00:05:05.500 --> 00:05:07.529 and finally martyrdom!' 00:05:07.529 --> 00:05:08.629 'Umar said, 00:05:08.629 --> 00:05:13.329 'I wish that all of that would offset my sins, leaving nothing against me nor for me.' 00:05:13.329 --> 00:05:14.930 When the young man turned to leave, 00:05:14.930 --> 00:05:17.689 his lower garment was touching the ground. 00:05:17.689 --> 00:05:18.790 'Umar said, 00:05:18.790 --> 00:05:21.189 'Bring the young man back to me.' 00:05:21.189 --> 00:05:22.290 He said, 00:05:22.290 --> 00:05:23.589 'O son of my brother, 00:05:23.589 --> 00:05:25.290 lift your garment, 00:05:25.290 --> 00:05:29.620 for it keeps your garment cleaner and is more mindful of your Lord.' 00:05:29.620 --> 00:05:31.720 He then said, 'O 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, 00:05:31.720 --> 00:05:34.319 look at how much debt I owe.' 00:05:34.319 --> 00:05:35.519 They calculated it 00:05:35.519 --> 00:05:40.120 and found it to be eighty-six thousand dirhams or thereabouts. 00:05:40.120 --> 00:05:41.220 He said, 00:05:41.220 --> 00:05:43.920 'If the property of the family of 'Umar covers it, 00:05:43.920 --> 00:05:46.319 then pay it from their wealth. 00:05:46.319 --> 00:05:49.920 Otherwise, ask among Banu 'Adi ibn Ka'b. 00:05:49.920 --> 00:05:52.019 If their wealth does not cover it, 00:05:52.019 --> 00:05:54.019 ask among Quraysh, 00:05:54.019 --> 00:05:56.620 and do not go beyond them to anyone else, 00:05:56.620 --> 00:05:59.579 and settle this debt on my behalf. 00:05:59.579 --> 00:06:02.779 Go to 'A'ishah, Mother of the Believers, 00:06:02.779 --> 00:06:05.879 and say, "'Umar conveys his greeting of peace to you." 00:06:05.879 --> 00:06:08.480 Do not say "the Commander of the Faithful," 00:06:08.480 --> 00:06:12.379 for today I am no longer commander over the believers. 00:06:12.379 --> 00:06:13.480 And say, 00:06:13.480 --> 00:06:18.250 "'Umar ibn al-Khattab requests permission to be buried alongside his two companions."' 00:06:18.250 --> 00:06:20.250 He greeted her and requested permission, 00:06:20.250 --> 00:06:22.250 then entered upon her 00:06:22.350 --> 00:06:25.350 and found her sitting and weeping. 00:06:25.350 --> 00:06:26.649 He said, 00:06:26.649 --> 00:06:30.050 ''Umar ibn al-Khattab conveys his greeting of peace to you, 00:06:30.050 --> 00:06:33.449 and requests permission to be buried alongside his two companions.' 00:06:33.449 --> 00:06:34.750 She said, 00:06:34.750 --> 00:06:37.149 'I had wanted that place for myself, 00:06:37.149 --> 00:06:40.750 but today I shall certainly prefer him over myself.' 00:06:40.750 --> 00:06:42.550 When he returned, 00:06:42.550 --> 00:06:46.250 someone said, 'Here is 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar coming.' 00:06:46.250 --> 00:06:47.250 'Umar said, 00:06:47.250 --> 00:06:48.850 'Lift me up.' 00:06:48.850 --> 00:06:51.149 A man supported him against himself, 00:06:51.149 --> 00:06:52.250 and 'Umar asked, 00:06:52.250 --> 00:06:53.779 'What news do you have?' 00:06:53.779 --> 00:06:54.879 He replied, 00:06:54.879 --> 00:06:58.079 'That which you love, O Commander of the Faithful: 00:06:58.079 --> 00:06:59.579 she has granted permission.' 00:06:59.579 --> 00:07:00.579 'Umar said, 00:07:00.579 --> 00:07:02.379 'Praise be to Allah! 00:07:02.379 --> 00:07:06.379 Nothing was more important to me than that. 00:07:06.379 --> 00:07:08.180 So when I pass away, 00:07:08.180 --> 00:07:09.579 carry me there, 00:07:09.579 --> 00:07:11.079 then offer greetings of peace again, 00:07:11.079 --> 00:07:12.180 and say, 00:07:12.180 --> 00:07:15.079 "'Umar ibn al-Khattab requests permission." 00:07:15.079 --> 00:07:17.980 If she grants me permission, bring me in; 00:07:17.980 --> 00:07:19.579 but if she turns me back, 00:07:19.579 --> 00:07:23.240 return me to the graves of the Muslims.' 00:07:23.240 --> 00:07:28.240 The Mother of the Believers Hafsah arrived with other women walking with her. 00:07:28.240 --> 00:07:31.139 When we saw her, we stood up, 00:07:31.139 --> 00:07:32.740 and she entered upon him 00:07:32.740 --> 00:07:35.240 and wept by his side for a while. 00:07:35.240 --> 00:07:37.240 Then the men requested permission to enter, 00:07:37.240 --> 00:07:39.639 so she retreated inside behind a veil, 00:07:39.639 --> 00:07:43.040 and we heard her weeping from within. 00:07:43.040 --> 00:07:44.339 They said, 00:07:44.339 --> 00:07:46.639 'Make a will, O Commander of the Faithful; 00:07:46.639 --> 00:07:48.240 appoint a successor.' 00:07:48.240 --> 00:07:49.339 He said, 00:07:49.339 --> 00:07:53.939 'I find no one more entitled to this matter than these men, 00:07:53.939 --> 00:07:58.540 or this group, with whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was pleased 00:07:58.540 --> 00:08:00.740 when he passed away.' 00:08:00.740 --> 00:08:03.939 So he named 'Ali, 'Uthman, al-Zubayr, 00:08:03.939 --> 00:08:07.339 Talhah, Sa'd, and 'Abd al-Rahman. 00:08:07.339 --> 00:08:08.639 He said, 00:08:08.639 --> 00:08:11.240 ''Abdullah ibn 'Umar shall attend as a witness, 00:08:11.240 --> 00:08:13.939 but he has no share in the governance'— 00:08:13.939 --> 00:08:16.379 as a form of consolation to him. 00:08:16.480 --> 00:08:20.180 'If governance falls to Sa'd, then so be it; 00:08:20.180 --> 00:08:24.379 otherwise, whichever of you is appointed ruler should seek his assistance, 00:08:24.379 --> 00:08:28.759 for I did not remove him out of incapacity or dishonesty.' 00:08:28.759 --> 00:08:30.060 And he said: 00:08:30.060 --> 00:08:34.259 "I enjoin the caliph after me regarding the early Emigrants (*al-Muhajirun al-Awwalun*): 00:08:34.259 --> 00:08:36.360 that he recognize their rights, 00:08:36.360 --> 00:08:39.059 and preserve their honor and inviolability. 00:08:39.059 --> 00:08:41.659 And I enjoin him to treat the Ansar well, 00:08:41.659 --> 00:08:45.860 those who established the abode and faith before them: 00:08:45.860 --> 00:08:48.159 that he accept from the good-doers among them, 00:08:48.159 --> 00:08:50.860 and pardon their wrongdoers. 00:08:50.860 --> 00:08:53.860 And I enjoin him to treat the people of the garrison cities well, 00:08:53.860 --> 00:08:55.960 for they are the shield of Islam, 00:08:55.960 --> 00:08:57.559 the collectors of wealth, 00:08:57.559 --> 00:08:59.360 and the chagrin of the enemy; 00:08:59.360 --> 00:09:04.059 and that nothing be taken from them except their surplus, with their full consent. 00:09:04.059 --> 00:09:06.659 And I enjoin him to treat the Bedouins well, 00:09:06.659 --> 00:09:08.559 for they are the root of the Arabs 00:09:08.559 --> 00:09:10.659 and the backbone of Islam: 00:09:10.659 --> 00:09:13.559 that zakat be taken from the margins of their wealth, 00:09:13.659 --> 00:09:16.360 and redistributed among their poor. 00:09:16.360 --> 00:09:21.860 And I enjoin him regarding the covenant of Allah and the covenant of His Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 00:09:21.860 --> 00:09:24.460 that their pledge be fulfilled to them, 00:09:24.460 --> 00:09:27.159 that they be fought for and defended, 00:09:27.159 --> 00:09:31.019 and that they not be burdened beyond their capacity." 00:09:31.019 --> 00:09:32.419 So when he passed away, 00:09:32.419 --> 00:09:33.820 we carried his body out 00:09:33.820 --> 00:09:35.919 and set off walking. 00:09:35.919 --> 00:09:38.419 Abdullah ibn Umar greeted [A'ishah] 00:09:38.419 --> 00:09:39.519 and said: 00:09:39.519 --> 00:09:42.519 "Umar ibn al-Khattab requests permission to enter." 00:09:42.519 --> 00:09:43.519 She said: 00:09:43.519 --> 00:09:44.820 "Bring him in." 00:09:44.820 --> 00:09:46.120 So he was brought in, 00:09:46.120 --> 00:09:49.419 and laid to rest there beside his two companions. 00:09:49.419 --> 00:09:51.620 When his burial was completed, 00:09:51.620 --> 00:09:54.220 this small group gathered, 00:09:54.220 --> 00:09:56.320 and Abd al-Rahman said: 00:09:56.320 --> 00:10:00.220 "Delegate your authority to three among you." 00:10:00.220 --> 00:10:01.919 Al-Zubayr said: 00:10:01.919 --> 00:10:04.820 "I delegate my authority to Ali." 00:10:04.820 --> 00:10:06.519 Talhah said: 00:10:06.519 --> 00:10:09.419 "I delegate my authority to Uthman." 00:10:09.419 --> 00:10:11.019 And Sa'd said: 00:10:11.019 --> 00:10:15.019 "I delegate my authority to Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf." 00:10:15.019 --> 00:10:17.120 Then Abd al-Rahman said: 00:10:17.120 --> 00:10:20.019 "Which of you two is willing to renounce his claim to this matter, 00:10:20.019 --> 00:10:21.720 so that we may entrust it to him? 00:10:21.720 --> 00:10:24.419 And Allah and Islam be his witness, 00:10:24.419 --> 00:10:27.620 that he will surely consider who among them is truly the most deserving." 00:10:27.620 --> 00:10:29.720 Both elders [Ali and Uthman] remained silent. 00:10:29.720 --> 00:10:31.720 Abd al-Rahman said: 00:10:31.720 --> 00:10:34.019 "Will you then entrust it to me? 00:10:34.019 --> 00:10:38.320 I swear by Allah that I will spare no effort in selecting the most virtuous among you." 00:10:38.320 --> 00:10:40.019 They said: "Yes." 00:10:40.019 --> 00:10:41.820 So he took the hand of one of them 00:10:41.820 --> 00:10:47.620 and said: "You possess kinship with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:10:47.620 --> 00:10:51.019 and precedence in Islam as you well know. 00:10:51.019 --> 00:10:52.220 So, I adjure you by Allah: 00:10:52.220 --> 00:10:55.019 if I appoint you, you must surely act with justice; 00:10:55.019 --> 00:10:56.820 and if I appoint Uthman, 00:10:56.820 --> 00:10:59.720 you must surely hear and obey him." 00:10:59.720 --> 00:11:01.120 Then he took the other aside in private, 00:11:01.120 --> 00:11:03.820 and said the same to him. 00:11:03.820 --> 00:11:06.019 So when he took the solemn pledge from both, 00:11:06.019 --> 00:11:07.120 he said: 00:11:07.120 --> 00:11:09.720 "Raise your hand, O Uthman!" 00:11:09.720 --> 00:11:11.120 So he pledged allegiance to him, 00:11:11.120 --> 00:11:13.320 and Ali pledged allegiance to him as well, 00:11:13.320 --> 00:11:17.600 and the people of the house entered and swore allegiance to him. 00:11:17.600 --> 00:11:21.009 Commentary on the hadith: 00:11:21.009 --> 00:11:22.809 "How did you both manage?" 00:11:22.809 --> 00:11:25.009 Meaning: in the fertile land of Sawad al-Iraq, 00:11:25.009 --> 00:11:27.909 which you two were tasked with surveying. 00:11:27.909 --> 00:11:29.509 "What you cannot bear," 00:11:29.509 --> 00:11:31.710 meaning: what you cannot carry. 00:11:31.710 --> 00:11:36.009 That was because he had sent them to levy the land tax (*kharaj*) upon it, 00:11:36.009 --> 00:11:38.870 as well as the poll tax (*jizyah*) upon its people. 00:11:38.870 --> 00:11:40.970 "There is no great excess in it," 00:11:40.970 --> 00:11:42.370 meaning: no excessive burden. 00:11:42.370 --> 00:11:45.929 "We only imposed a light burden upon them." 00:11:45.929 --> 00:11:49.629 "I shall leave the widows of the people of Iraq in no need," 00:11:49.629 --> 00:11:52.120 meaning he wished to ensure their self-sufficiency, 00:11:52.120 --> 00:11:53.720 "until he was struck," 00:11:53.720 --> 00:11:56.519 meaning: until he was stabbed with the dagger. 00:11:56.519 --> 00:11:57.720 "Align yourselves," 00:11:57.720 --> 00:12:00.120 meaning: straighten your prayer rows. 00:12:00.120 --> 00:12:03.320 Until, when he saw no gap in them— 00:12:03.320 --> 00:12:04.320 "the gap" (*al-khalal*) 00:12:04.320 --> 00:12:06.820 refers to an opening or space between two things— 00:12:06.820 --> 00:12:08.320 the non-Arab slave fled— 00:12:08.320 --> 00:12:10.019 referring to Abu Lu'lu'ah, 00:12:10.019 --> 00:12:12.019 whose name was Fayruz— 00:12:12.019 --> 00:12:14.320 throwing a hooded cloak over himself. 00:12:14.320 --> 00:12:16.720 "The hooded cloak" (*al-burnus*) is a garment whose head-cover is attached to it, 00:12:16.720 --> 00:12:18.590 joined as one piece. 00:12:18.590 --> 00:12:20.090 "He slaughtered himself," 00:12:20.090 --> 00:12:22.220 meaning he committed suicide. 00:12:22.220 --> 00:12:23.419 So he brought him forward, 00:12:23.419 --> 00:12:26.519 meaning as an imam to lead the people in prayer. 00:12:26.519 --> 00:12:28.120 As for the side areas of the mosque, 00:12:28.120 --> 00:12:29.919 they did not know what had happened, 00:12:29.919 --> 00:12:31.519 due to their distance from the front, 00:12:31.519 --> 00:12:34.220 except that they missed Umar's voice; 00:12:34.220 --> 00:12:36.820 meaning they did not hear his recitation, 00:12:36.820 --> 00:12:38.019 so they kept saying: 00:12:38.019 --> 00:12:39.120 "Glory be to Allah" (*Subhan Allah*), 00:12:39.120 --> 00:12:44.320 thinking that Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, had made an oversight in his prayer. 00:12:44.320 --> 00:12:46.419 So he moved about for a short while— 00:12:46.419 --> 00:12:47.419 "he moved about" (*jala*) 00:12:47.419 --> 00:12:49.419 means he paced back and forth. 00:12:49.419 --> 00:12:50.450 "The craftsman," 00:12:50.450 --> 00:12:52.450 meaning the artisan. 00:12:52.450 --> 00:12:53.450 "May Allah destroy him!" 00:12:53.450 --> 00:12:56.450 meaning: May Allah slay him and ruin him! 00:12:56.450 --> 00:12:58.509 "He did not cause my death," 00:12:58.509 --> 00:13:01.509 meaning my killing, to be at the hands of a man of this kind 00:13:01.509 --> 00:13:02.509 who claims Islam, 00:13:02.509 --> 00:13:04.509 meaning outwardly. 00:13:04.509 --> 00:13:06.509 "The non-Arab slaves" (*al-uluj*): 00:13:06.509 --> 00:13:08.509 a *ilj* is a non-Arab disbelieving man, 00:13:08.710 --> 00:13:10.710 most of whom were slaves, 00:13:10.710 --> 00:13:12.710 meaning unfree laborers. 00:13:12.710 --> 00:13:13.710 "You lied," 00:13:13.710 --> 00:13:17.710 and the people of the Hijaz say "you lied" where others say "you made a mistake." 00:13:17.710 --> 00:13:19.710 So he was carried away, 00:13:19.710 --> 00:13:21.710 meaning he, may Allah be pleased with him, was carried. 00:13:21.710 --> 00:13:23.710 So we set off with him, 00:13:23.710 --> 00:13:26.710 meaning we went along with him, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:13:26.710 --> 00:13:28.710 "No harm," 00:13:28.710 --> 00:13:32.710 meaning there is no fatal danger to be feared for him from this stab wound. 00:13:32.710 --> 00:13:34.740 Then date-infusion (*nabidh*) was brought to him; 00:13:34.740 --> 00:13:35.740 the meaning— 00:13:35.940 --> 00:13:36.940 the meaning: 00:13:36.940 --> 00:13:40.940 dates that they used to soak to sweeten the water, 00:13:40.940 --> 00:13:44.039 without fermenting or becoming intoxicating. 00:13:44.039 --> 00:13:46.039 So it came out of his belly, 00:13:46.039 --> 00:13:48.039 meaning from his wound. 00:13:48.039 --> 00:13:49.039 They began praising him, 00:13:49.039 --> 00:13:51.100 meaning speaking well of him. 00:13:51.100 --> 00:13:53.100 "And precedence in Islam," 00:13:53.100 --> 00:13:55.100 meaning virtue and priority in faith. 00:13:55.100 --> 00:13:57.100 "Then you ruled and were just," 00:13:57.100 --> 00:13:59.100 meaning during your governance. 00:13:59.100 --> 00:14:01.100 "Then martyrdom," 00:14:01.100 --> 00:14:03.100 meaning in the cause of Allah, Almighty and Glorious. 00:14:03.100 --> 00:14:05.100 "I wished," 00:14:05.299 --> 00:14:07.299 meaning I loved or longed 00:14:07.299 --> 00:14:11.299 "that it be just even, neither against me nor for me," 00:14:11.299 --> 00:14:14.299 meaning I would be pleased if it were an exact balance, 00:14:14.299 --> 00:14:16.299 such that evil is averted from me, 00:14:16.299 --> 00:14:20.299 with no punishment against me and no reward for me. 00:14:20.299 --> 00:14:22.340 So when he turned to leave, 00:14:22.340 --> 00:14:24.340 meaning departed, 00:14:24.340 --> 00:14:26.340 lo and behold, his waist-wrapper was touching the ground, 00:14:26.340 --> 00:14:28.340 meaning he had let his lower garment drag below the ankles. 00:14:28.340 --> 00:14:30.399 "Lift your garment," 00:14:30.399 --> 00:14:32.399 meaning above the ankles; 00:14:32.399 --> 00:14:34.399 "it is cleaner for your garment," 00:14:34.399 --> 00:14:36.399 so it does not get damaged, 00:14:36.399 --> 00:14:38.399 "and more dutiful to your Lord," 00:14:38.399 --> 00:14:40.460 being further removed from arrogance, O— 00:14:40.460 --> 00:14:42.460 "and it sufficed him," 00:14:42.460 --> 00:14:44.460 meaning it was enough. 00:14:44.460 --> 00:14:46.460 "To be buried alongside my two companions," 00:14:46.460 --> 00:14:48.460 meaning with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:14:48.460 --> 00:14:50.460 and with Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:14:50.460 --> 00:14:52.559 "I used to desire it for myself," 00:14:52.559 --> 00:14:54.559 meaning the burial spot, 00:14:54.559 --> 00:14:56.559 "but I will surely give him preference," 00:14:56.559 --> 00:14:58.559 meaning grant him priority or single him out, 00:14:58.559 --> 00:15:00.559 "over myself," 00:15:00.559 --> 00:15:02.559 regarding what he requested of being buried 00:15:02.559 --> 00:15:04.559 near the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:15:04.559 --> 00:15:06.559 "Lift me up," 00:15:06.559 --> 00:15:08.559 meaning from the ground, 00:15:08.559 --> 00:15:10.559 as if he had been reclining, 00:15:10.559 --> 00:15:12.559 so he ordered them to seat him up. 00:15:12.559 --> 00:15:14.690 A man supported him 00:15:14.690 --> 00:15:16.690 against himself; 00:15:16.690 --> 00:15:18.690 it is said he was Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:15:18.690 --> 00:15:20.690 and it is said someone else. 00:15:20.690 --> 00:15:22.690 "Have you granted permission," 00:15:22.690 --> 00:15:24.690 meaning A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, 00:15:24.690 --> 00:15:26.879 "for you to be buried with your two companions?" 00:15:26.879 --> 00:15:28.879 "Anxiety over it weighed heavily upon me," 00:15:28.879 --> 00:15:30.879 meaning it preoccupied my heart and mind greatly. 00:15:30.879 --> 00:15:32.879 "When I die," 00:15:32.879 --> 00:15:34.879 meaning pass away, 00:15:34.879 --> 00:15:36.879 "if she grants me permission, then bring me in." 00:15:36.879 --> 00:15:38.879 This requesting of permission after permission had already been given 00:15:38.879 --> 00:15:40.879 was due to the possibility that 00:15:40.879 --> 00:15:42.879 the consent granted during the first request 00:15:42.879 --> 00:15:44.879 was given during his lifetime out of shyness before him, 00:15:44.879 --> 00:15:46.879 and that she might retract it after his death. 00:15:46.879 --> 00:15:48.879 Thus Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, desired 00:15:48.879 --> 00:15:50.879 not to compel her in that matter. 00:15:50.879 --> 00:15:52.980 "So she entered upon me," 00:15:52.980 --> 00:15:54.980 meaning she entered upon Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:15:54.980 --> 00:15:56.980 "So she entered inside," 00:15:56.980 --> 00:15:58.980 to them; 00:15:58.980 --> 00:16:00.980 That is, Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) entered 00:16:00.980 --> 00:16:02.980 through an entrance 00:16:02.980 --> 00:16:04.980 belonging to her family. 00:16:04.980 --> 00:16:06.980 "Appoint a successor..." 00:16:06.980 --> 00:16:09.009 That is, designate someone to succeed in leadership. 00:16:09.009 --> 00:16:11.009 "...witnesses you." 00:16:11.009 --> 00:16:13.009 That is, is present with you. 00:16:13.009 --> 00:16:15.009 "Let him seek his assistance..." 00:16:15.009 --> 00:16:17.009 Meaning, the assistance of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:16:17.009 --> 00:16:19.009 "I did not dismiss..." 00:16:19.009 --> 00:16:21.009 Meaning, "I did not dismiss Sa'd 00:16:21.009 --> 00:16:23.009 (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:16:23.009 --> 00:16:25.009 out of incompetence..." 00:16:25.009 --> 00:16:27.009 Meaning, inability to manage 00:16:27.009 --> 00:16:29.009 financial matters. 00:16:29.009 --> 00:16:31.009 "...the foremost Emigrants." 00:16:31.009 --> 00:16:33.009 It is said they are those who were present at the Pledge of Ridwan, 00:16:33.009 --> 00:16:35.009 and it is also said 00:16:35.009 --> 00:16:37.009 those who prayed toward both Qiblahs. 00:16:37.009 --> 00:16:39.009 "...and preserve for them their sanctity." 00:16:39.009 --> 00:16:41.009 What is intended is 00:16:41.009 --> 00:16:43.009 to refrain from harming them 00:16:43.009 --> 00:16:45.039 through word and deed. 00:16:45.039 --> 00:16:47.039 "...those who settled in the abode..." 00:16:47.039 --> 00:16:49.039 Meaning, the abode of Emigration (Al-Madinah). 00:16:49.039 --> 00:16:51.039 The Ansar settled in it before the Emigrants, 00:16:51.039 --> 00:16:53.039 and built the mosques 00:16:53.039 --> 00:16:55.039 before the Emigration. 00:16:55.039 --> 00:16:57.039 "...and embraced faith." 00:16:57.039 --> 00:16:59.039 Meaning, preferred and chose faith. 00:16:59.039 --> 00:17:01.039 "...the people of the garrison towns." 00:17:01.039 --> 00:17:03.169 That is, the cities. 00:17:03.169 --> 00:17:05.170 "They are the defenders of Islam..." 00:17:05.170 --> 00:17:07.170 That is, the helpers of Islam who defend it, 00:17:07.170 --> 00:17:09.170 "...and the collectors of wealth..." 00:17:09.170 --> 00:17:11.170 meaning, those who collect it, 00:17:11.170 --> 00:17:13.170 "...and a source of rage to the enemy..." 00:17:13.170 --> 00:17:15.170 meaning, they enrage the enemy through their large numbers 00:17:15.170 --> 00:17:17.170 and strength. 00:17:17.170 --> 00:17:19.170 "...except their surplus." 00:17:19.170 --> 00:17:21.170 Meaning, except what exceeds their needs 00:17:21.170 --> 00:17:23.170 and is surplus to their requirements. 00:17:23.170 --> 00:17:25.170 "...the backbone of Islam..." 00:17:25.170 --> 00:17:27.170 Meaning, those who reinforce them, 00:17:27.170 --> 00:17:29.170 assist them, 00:17:29.170 --> 00:17:31.170 and swell their armies 00:17:31.170 --> 00:17:33.200 when summoned to rally. 00:17:33.200 --> 00:17:35.200 "...the non-essential portions of their wealth." 00:17:35.200 --> 00:17:37.200 Meaning, those items that are neither choice nor prized. 00:17:37.200 --> 00:17:39.230 "...the covenant of Allah 00:17:39.230 --> 00:17:41.230 and the covenant of His Messenger 00:17:41.230 --> 00:17:43.230 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)." 00:17:43.230 --> 00:17:45.230 What is meant by it here is the protected non-Muslim subjects (*ahl al-dhimmah*); 00:17:45.230 --> 00:17:47.230 and it is also said to mean the generality of the believers. 00:17:47.230 --> 00:17:49.259 "...and that he fight 00:17:49.259 --> 00:17:51.259 behind them." 00:17:51.259 --> 00:17:53.259 The Muslims defend the protected non-Muslim subjects 00:17:53.259 --> 00:17:55.259 whenever an enemy targets them. 00:17:55.259 --> 00:17:57.299 "...and that they not be burdened beyond 00:17:57.299 --> 00:17:59.299 their capacity." 00:17:59.299 --> 00:18:01.420 Meaning, with respect to the poll tax (*jizyah*). 00:18:01.420 --> 00:18:03.420 So when he passed away— 00:18:03.420 --> 00:18:05.420 meaning, died— 00:18:05.420 --> 00:18:07.420 "I will not fall short regarding the best of you..." 00:18:07.420 --> 00:18:09.420 Meaning, I will not hesitate to acknowledge the best among you, 00:18:09.420 --> 00:18:11.420 "...and the most precedent in Islam." 00:18:11.420 --> 00:18:13.549 Meaning, priority and virtue. 00:18:13.549 --> 00:18:15.549 "For if I placed you in command, it was so you would deal justly." 00:18:15.549 --> 00:18:17.549 Meaning, judge with justice. 00:18:17.549 --> 00:18:19.549 He secluded himself with the other— 00:18:19.549 --> 00:18:21.549 he was Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:18:21.549 --> 00:18:23.579 He took the pledge— 00:18:23.579 --> 00:18:25.579 meaning, the solemn covenant—regarding 00:18:25.579 --> 00:18:27.579 what he said to them. 00:18:27.579 --> 00:18:29.579 And the people of the house entered— 00:18:29.579 --> 00:18:32.059 meaning, they came in to give the oath of allegiance. 00:18:32.059 --> 00:18:34.059 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:18:34.059 --> 00:18:36.960 In the hadith there is a demonstration of 00:18:36.960 --> 00:18:38.960 the virtue of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:18:38.960 --> 00:18:40.960 his intense concern 00:18:40.960 --> 00:18:42.960 for his subjects, and his fear 00:18:42.960 --> 00:18:44.960 of standing before the Most Merciful. 00:18:44.960 --> 00:18:46.960 In it is that it behoves 00:18:46.960 --> 00:18:48.960 the ruler to oversee 00:18:48.960 --> 00:18:50.960 and question his officials regarding that which pertains to 00:18:50.960 --> 00:18:52.960 the affairs of his subjects. 00:18:52.960 --> 00:18:54.960 In it is an exhortation to gentleness 00:18:54.960 --> 00:18:56.960 and leniency in dealing with people, 00:18:56.960 --> 00:18:58.960 and to refrain from causing hardship 00:18:58.960 --> 00:19:00.960 to others. 00:19:00.960 --> 00:19:02.960 In it is an exhortation to assist 00:19:02.960 --> 00:19:04.960 those in need among the poor and widows. 00:19:04.960 --> 00:19:06.960 In it is the command 00:19:06.960 --> 00:19:08.960 to straighten the rows in prayer. 00:19:08.960 --> 00:19:10.960 In it is the legitimacy of lengthening 00:19:10.960 --> 00:19:12.960 the recitation during the Fajr prayer. 00:19:12.960 --> 00:19:14.960 In it is the desirability of 00:19:14.960 --> 00:19:16.960 prolonging the first unit of prayer (*rak'ah*). 00:19:16.960 --> 00:19:18.960 In it is the desirability of shortening the prayer 00:19:18.960 --> 00:19:20.960 due to an unforeseen circumstance arising during it. 00:19:20.960 --> 00:19:22.960 In it is the permissibility of appointing a substitute imam 00:19:22.960 --> 00:19:24.960 during prayer. 00:19:24.960 --> 00:19:26.960 In the hadith there is an indication 00:19:26.960 --> 00:19:28.960 that it is recommended for those immediately behind 00:19:28.960 --> 00:19:30.960 the imam to be people of fiqh and knowledge. 00:19:30.960 --> 00:19:32.960 In the hadith, 00:19:32.960 --> 00:19:34.960 the follower in prayer says 00:19:34.960 --> 00:19:36.960 "Glorified be Allah" (*Subhan Allah*) 00:19:36.960 --> 00:19:38.960 if the imam makes an oversight in his prayer. 00:19:38.960 --> 00:19:40.960 In it is the permissibility of extensive movement 00:19:40.960 --> 00:19:42.960 and interrupting the prayer due to necessity, 00:19:42.960 --> 00:19:44.960 such as repelling an attacker, 00:19:44.960 --> 00:19:46.960 killing a scorpion, and the like. 00:19:46.960 --> 00:19:48.960 In the hadith is the concern of 00:19:48.960 --> 00:19:50.960 Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:19:50.960 --> 00:19:52.960 for the matters of religion, 00:19:52.960 --> 00:19:54.960 greater than his concern 00:19:54.960 --> 00:19:56.990 for his own self. 00:19:56.990 --> 00:19:58.990 In it is the command to verify facts 00:19:58.990 --> 00:20:00.990 in all matters. 00:20:00.990 --> 00:20:02.990 In the hadith is an indication of the stature 00:20:02.990 --> 00:20:04.990 of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) 00:20:04.990 --> 00:20:06.990 in the eyes of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:20:06.990 --> 00:20:08.990 and his assigning grave matters to him. 00:20:08.990 --> 00:20:10.990 In it is the permissibility of supplicating 00:20:10.990 --> 00:20:12.990 against hypocrites and disbelievers. 00:20:12.990 --> 00:20:14.990 In it is the desirability of praising Allah Almighty 00:20:14.990 --> 00:20:16.990 in every state. 00:20:16.990 --> 00:20:18.990 In the hadith is the believer's contentment 00:20:18.990 --> 00:20:20.990 amidst affliction, 00:20:20.990 --> 00:20:22.990 and his relief mixed with praise 00:20:22.990 --> 00:20:24.990 that it was not at the hands of a Muslim. 00:20:24.990 --> 00:20:26.990 The hadith demonstrates 00:20:26.990 --> 00:20:28.990 the legitimacy of considering outcomes 00:20:28.990 --> 00:20:30.990 and blocking the means to harm. 00:20:30.990 --> 00:20:32.990 For this reason, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:20:32.990 --> 00:20:34.990 used to prevent the entry of 00:20:34.990 --> 00:20:36.990 adult non-Arab captives 00:20:36.990 --> 00:20:38.990 into Al-Madinah. 00:20:38.990 --> 00:20:40.990 In it is guidance showing that 00:20:40.990 --> 00:20:42.990 Islam is tied to the public interest. 00:20:42.990 --> 00:20:44.990 In the hadith is that 00:20:44.990 --> 00:20:46.990 Islam protects human life. 00:20:46.990 --> 00:20:48.990 In it is the permissibility of drinking unfermented date-steeped water (*nabidh*) 00:20:48.990 --> 00:20:50.990 that has not become potent 00:20:50.990 --> 00:20:52.990 or intoxicating. 00:20:52.990 --> 00:20:54.990 They used to steep dates at night 00:20:54.990 --> 00:20:56.990 and drink the liquid during the day; 00:20:56.990 --> 00:20:58.990 if several days passed, 00:20:58.990 --> 00:21:00.990 they poured it out for fear of intoxication. 00:21:00.990 --> 00:21:02.990 In it is the legitimacy of 00:21:02.990 --> 00:21:04.990 accepting the medical counsel of trustworthy 00:21:04.990 --> 00:21:06.990 physicians. 00:21:06.990 --> 00:21:08.990 In the hadith, the testimony 00:21:08.990 --> 00:21:10.990 of a dying person is admissible. 00:21:10.990 --> 00:21:12.990 In it is that if a Muslim is murdered 00:21:12.990 --> 00:21:14.990 intentionally, forgiveness may still be hoped 00:21:14.990 --> 00:21:17.089 for him. 00:21:17.089 --> 00:21:19.089 In it is guiding a person on their deathbed to bequest 00:21:19.089 --> 00:21:21.089 the settlement of their debts, 00:21:21.089 --> 00:21:23.089 and specifying debts in detail. 00:21:23.089 --> 00:21:25.089 In it is the permissibility of 00:21:25.089 --> 00:21:27.089 wishing to leave this worldly life 00:21:27.089 --> 00:21:29.089 breaking even, 00:21:29.089 --> 00:21:31.089 such that one is neither held to account for what was earned 00:21:31.089 --> 00:21:33.089 nor for what was committed. 00:21:33.089 --> 00:21:35.089 In it is the obligation of enjoining good 00:21:35.089 --> 00:21:37.089 and forbidding evil under all circumstances, 00:21:37.089 --> 00:21:39.089 even if the command occurs during terminal illness. 00:21:39.089 --> 00:21:41.089 In the hadith is 00:21:41.089 --> 00:21:43.089 the prohibition against letting one's garment hang below the ankles (*isbal*). 00:21:43.089 --> 00:21:45.089 In it is that the wisdom 00:21:45.089 --> 00:21:47.089 behind avoiding *isbal* 00:21:47.089 --> 00:21:49.089 is keeping the garment clean from dirt 00:21:49.089 --> 00:21:51.089 and wear, 00:21:51.089 --> 00:21:53.089 as well as safeguarding the heart from pride and disease. 00:21:53.089 --> 00:21:55.250 In it is the permissibility of a ruler resigning 00:21:55.250 --> 00:21:57.250 himself from office. 00:21:57.250 --> 00:21:59.250 In the hadith, 00:21:59.250 --> 00:22:01.250 terminal illness is a valid ground 00:22:01.250 --> 00:22:03.250 for stepping down from leadership. 00:22:03.250 --> 00:22:05.250 In it is a demonstration of the humility of Umar 00:22:05.250 --> 00:22:07.250 (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:22:07.250 --> 00:22:09.250 In it is guidance toward ensuring burial 00:22:09.250 --> 00:22:11.250 near righteous people. 00:22:11.250 --> 00:22:13.250 In it is a demonstration of the depth of 00:22:13.250 --> 00:22:15.250 Umar's love (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:22:15.250 --> 00:22:17.250 for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:22:17.250 --> 00:22:19.250 to the extent that he wished 00:22:19.250 --> 00:22:21.250 to be buried by his side. 00:22:21.250 --> 00:22:23.250 In it is a demonstration of the depth of 00:22:23.250 --> 00:22:25.250 Umar's love (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:22:25.250 --> 00:22:27.250 for Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:22:27.250 --> 00:22:29.250 as he wished to be buried beside him. 00:22:29.250 --> 00:22:31.250 In the hadith is 00:22:31.250 --> 00:22:33.250 recognition by the Mothers of the Believers 00:22:33.250 --> 00:22:35.250 (may Allah be pleased with them) 00:22:35.250 --> 00:22:37.250 of the virtue of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:22:37.250 --> 00:22:39.339 and his high standing. 00:22:39.339 --> 00:22:41.339 It also shows the obligation to seek permission 00:22:41.339 --> 00:22:43.339 from the rightful owner 00:22:43.339 --> 00:22:45.380 before occupying what belongs to them. 00:22:45.380 --> 00:22:47.380 The hadith also indicates that 00:22:47.380 --> 00:22:49.380 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) 00:22:49.380 --> 00:22:51.380 owned the house in which 00:22:51.380 --> 00:22:53.380 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:22:53.380 --> 00:22:55.380 and Abu Bakr were buried. 00:22:55.380 --> 00:22:57.380 It also demonstrates the permissibility of weeping 00:22:57.380 --> 00:22:59.380 over the deceased, 00:22:59.380 --> 00:23:01.380 provided there is no wailing or lamentation. 00:23:01.380 --> 00:23:03.380 It also shows that the ruler has the right 00:23:03.380 --> 00:23:05.380 to dismiss governors without any suspicion of wrongdoing. 00:23:05.380 --> 00:23:07.380 The hadith also contains a counsel 00:23:07.380 --> 00:23:09.380 concerning workers and governors. 00:23:09.380 --> 00:23:11.380 And the hadith indicates 00:23:11.380 --> 00:23:13.380 the obligation to dismiss governors 00:23:13.380 --> 00:23:15.380 whenever they are incapable of performing 00:23:15.380 --> 00:23:17.380 their duties, 00:23:17.380 --> 00:23:19.380 as well as the obligation to dismiss governors 00:23:19.380 --> 00:23:21.380 if their betrayal 00:23:21.380 --> 00:23:23.380 of their office is proven, 00:23:23.380 --> 00:23:25.380 such as by consuming wealth unlawfully. 00:23:25.380 --> 00:23:27.380 It also shows that the caliph has the authority 00:23:27.380 --> 00:23:29.380 to appoint a consultative council (shura), 00:23:29.380 --> 00:23:31.380 just as 'Umar did. 00:23:31.380 --> 00:23:33.380 It also demonstrates the legitimacy of concern 00:23:33.380 --> 00:23:35.380 and of preoccupying the heart and mind 00:23:35.380 --> 00:23:37.380 with weighty affairs of state. 00:23:37.380 --> 00:23:39.410 The hadith also demonstrates 00:23:39.410 --> 00:23:41.410 the discerning wisdom of 'Umar, 00:23:41.410 --> 00:23:43.410 as he did not include his son 'Abdullah 00:23:43.410 --> 00:23:45.410 Ibn 'Umar 00:23:45.410 --> 00:23:47.410 among the members of the consultative council, 00:23:47.410 --> 00:23:49.440 out of concern for his welfare. 00:23:49.440 --> 00:23:51.440 The hadith also clarifies the virtue of the Hijrah 00:23:51.440 --> 00:23:53.440 and the virtue of the early Emigrants (Muhajirun). 00:23:53.440 --> 00:23:55.440 It also illustrates 00:23:55.440 --> 00:23:57.440 the lofty status of the Ansar, 00:23:57.440 --> 00:23:59.440 into whose hearts faith entered 00:23:59.440 --> 00:24:01.440 before the Hijrah. 00:24:01.440 --> 00:24:03.440 It also urges pardoning 00:24:03.440 --> 00:24:05.440 the doer of good when there issues 00:24:05.440 --> 00:24:07.440 from him a slip or mistake. 00:24:07.440 --> 00:24:09.440 The hadith also contains an exhortation 00:24:09.440 --> 00:24:11.440 concerning non-Muslim subjects (Ahl al-Dhimmah) and showing excellence 00:24:11.440 --> 00:24:13.440 in dealing with them 00:24:13.440 --> 00:24:15.440 and fulfilling their covenant. 00:24:15.440 --> 00:24:17.440 It also implies not burdening non-Muslim subjects 00:24:17.440 --> 00:24:19.440 and workers beyond 00:24:19.440 --> 00:24:21.440 their capacity. 00:24:21.440 --> 00:24:23.440 It also affirms that non-Muslim subjects 00:24:23.440 --> 00:24:25.440 have the right to be defended, 00:24:25.440 --> 00:24:27.440 and that their rights must not be infringed upon. 00:24:27.440 --> 00:24:29.440 The hadith also contains a counsel 00:24:29.440 --> 00:24:31.440 concerning both city-dwellers and bedouins, 00:24:31.440 --> 00:24:33.440 for each possesses their own virtue and standing. 00:24:33.440 --> 00:24:35.440 It also shows that 'Umar 00:24:35.440 --> 00:24:37.440 encompassed in his counsel 00:24:37.440 --> 00:24:39.440 all categories of people, 00:24:39.440 --> 00:24:41.440 for people are either Muslim 00:24:41.440 --> 00:24:43.440 or non-Muslim: 00:24:43.440 --> 00:24:45.440 the non-Muslim is either at war (harbi), 00:24:45.440 --> 00:24:47.440 who is not commended, 00:24:47.440 --> 00:24:49.440 or a protected subject (dhimmi), 00:24:49.440 --> 00:24:51.440 whom he explicitly mentioned; 00:24:51.440 --> 00:24:53.440 while the Muslim is either an Emigrant 00:24:53.440 --> 00:24:55.440 or otherwise; 00:24:55.440 --> 00:24:57.440 and all of them are either bedouins 00:24:57.440 --> 00:24:59.440 or settled city-dwellers, 00:24:59.440 --> 00:25:01.440 and he addressed them all. 00:25:01.440 --> 00:25:03.440 It also illustrates the goodwill of 'A'ishah 00:25:03.440 --> 00:25:05.440 toward 'Umar, 00:25:05.440 --> 00:25:07.440 may Allah be pleased with them, 00:25:07.440 --> 00:25:09.440 as she favored him over herself. 00:25:09.440 --> 00:25:11.440 It also encourages altruism (ithar), 00:25:11.440 --> 00:25:13.440 for it is a noble character trait 00:25:13.440 --> 00:25:15.440 commanded by the Wise Lawgiver, 00:25:15.440 --> 00:25:17.440 and the best to ever practice it were the Companions, 00:25:17.440 --> 00:25:19.440 may Allah be pleased with them. 00:25:19.440 --> 00:25:21.440 It also shows the permissibility of delegation 00:25:21.440 --> 00:25:23.440 in consultation. 00:25:23.440 --> 00:25:25.440 The hadith also indicates that consultation in public affairs 00:25:25.440 --> 00:25:27.440 is a momentous trust. 00:25:27.440 --> 00:25:29.440 It also demonstrates that precedence belongs to the foremost. 00:25:29.440 --> 00:25:31.440 The hadith also shows that 00:25:31.440 --> 00:25:33.440 the caliphate of 'Uthman 00:25:33.440 --> 00:25:35.440 was established through mutual consultation. 00:25:35.440 --> 00:25:39.619 Chapter: What is forbidden 00:25:39.619 --> 00:25:42.319 regarding reviling the dead. 00:25:42.319 --> 00:25:44.319 On the authority of 'A'ishah: 00:25:44.319 --> 00:25:46.319 she said 00:25:46.319 --> 00:25:48.319 that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:25:48.319 --> 00:25:50.319 "Do not revile the dead, 00:25:50.319 --> 00:25:52.319 for they have already 00:25:52.319 --> 00:25:54.319 arrived at what they sent forth." 00:25:54.319 --> 00:25:56.930 Commentary 00:25:56.930 --> 00:25:59.309 on the hadith: 00:25:59.309 --> 00:26:01.309 "Do not revile the dead," 00:26:01.309 --> 00:26:03.309 meaning: do not curse them or mention them 00:26:03.309 --> 00:26:05.309 with evil. 00:26:05.309 --> 00:26:07.309 "They have already arrived at what they sent forth," 00:26:07.309 --> 00:26:09.309 meaning: they have reached the recompense of their deeds. 00:26:09.309 --> 00:26:11.630 Some benefits 00:26:11.630 --> 00:26:14.339 derived from the hadith: 00:26:14.339 --> 00:26:16.339 It is derived from the hadith 00:26:16.339 --> 00:26:18.339 that reviling the dead functions in the same manner 00:26:18.339 --> 00:26:20.339 as backbiting. 00:26:20.339 --> 00:26:22.339 The hadith also indicates that insulting and reviling 00:26:22.339 --> 00:26:24.339 are contrary to the character of a Muslim. 00:26:24.339 --> 00:26:27.869 Chapter: Mentioning the wicked among the dead. 00:26:27.869 --> 00:26:30.670 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas 00:26:30.670 --> 00:26:32.670 (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), 00:26:32.670 --> 00:26:34.670 who said: 00:26:34.670 --> 00:26:36.670 "When there was revealed: 00:26:36.670 --> 00:26:38.670 'And warn your nearest kinsfolk'— 00:26:38.670 --> 00:26:40.670 and in a narration: 00:26:40.670 --> 00:26:42.670 'and your sincere clan among them'— 00:26:42.670 --> 00:26:44.670 the Prophet (peace be upon him) climbed 00:26:44.670 --> 00:26:46.670 Mount al-Safa." 00:26:46.670 --> 00:26:48.740 In one narration: 00:26:48.740 --> 00:26:50.740 "and cried out: 00:26:50.740 --> 00:26:52.799 'O disaster of the morning!' 00:26:52.799 --> 00:26:54.799 Then he began calling out: 00:26:54.799 --> 00:26:56.799 'O Banu Fihr! 00:26:56.799 --> 00:26:58.799 O Banu 'Adi!'— 00:26:58.799 --> 00:27:00.799 addressing the clans of Quraysh— 00:27:00.799 --> 00:27:02.799 until they gathered together. 00:27:02.799 --> 00:27:04.799 If any man was unable to come out himself, 00:27:04.799 --> 00:27:06.799 he sent a messenger 00:27:06.799 --> 00:27:08.799 to see what it was. 00:27:08.799 --> 00:27:10.799 Abu Lahab and Quraysh arrived, 00:27:10.799 --> 00:27:12.799 so he said: 00:27:12.799 --> 00:27:14.799 'Tell me: if I were to inform you 00:27:14.799 --> 00:27:16.799 that there are cavalry in the valley 00:27:16.799 --> 00:27:18.930 intending to raid you, 00:27:18.930 --> 00:27:20.930 —and in one narration: 00:27:20.930 --> 00:27:22.930 'Tell me: if I were to tell you 00:27:22.930 --> 00:27:24.930 that the enemy is coming to attack you by morning 00:27:24.930 --> 00:27:27.019 or by evening— 00:27:27.019 --> 00:27:29.019 would you believe me?' 00:27:29.019 --> 00:27:31.019 They replied, 'Yes; 00:27:31.019 --> 00:27:33.019 we have never experienced from you 00:27:33.019 --> 00:27:35.089 anything but truthfulness.' 00:27:35.089 --> 00:27:37.089 He said, 'Then indeed, I am a warner to you 00:27:37.089 --> 00:27:39.089 “Say (unto them, O Muhammad): I exhort you unto one thing only: that ye awake, for Allah's sake, by twos and singly, and then reflect: There is no madness in your comrade. He is naught else than a warner unto you in face of a terrific doom.” (34:46) 00:27:39.089 --> 00:27:41.180 of a severe punishment.' 00:27:41.180 --> 00:27:43.180 Abu Lahab said: 00:27:43.180 --> 00:27:45.180 'Perish you for the rest of the day! 00:27:45.180 --> 00:27:47.180 Is it for this that you have gathered us?' 00:27:47.180 --> 00:27:49.180 Thereupon there was revealed: 00:27:49.180 --> 00:27:51.180 'Perish the hands of Abu Lahab, and perish he! 00:27:51.180 --> 00:27:53.180 His wealth will not avail him, 00:27:53.180 --> 00:27:55.180 nor all that he gained.'" 00:27:55.180 --> 00:27:57.819 Commentary 00:27:57.819 --> 00:28:00.619 on the hadith: 00:28:00.619 --> 00:28:02.619 "And warn your kinsfolk, 00:28:02.619 --> 00:28:04.619 the nearest," 00:28:04.619 --> 00:28:06.619 meaning: those who are closest to you among people, 00:28:06.619 --> 00:28:08.619 and most deserving of your benevolence, 00:28:08.619 --> 00:28:10.660 both religious and worldly. 00:28:10.660 --> 00:28:12.660 "O Banu Fihr" 00:28:12.660 --> 00:28:14.660 is one of the clans of Quraysh. 00:28:14.660 --> 00:28:16.660 "O Banu 'Adi" 00:28:16.660 --> 00:28:18.660 is the clan of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab. 00:28:18.660 --> 00:28:20.779 "Tell me," 00:28:20.779 --> 00:28:22.779 that is: inform me. 00:28:22.779 --> 00:28:24.779 "We have never experienced from you anything but truthfulness," 00:28:24.779 --> 00:28:26.779 meaning: we have never known 00:28:26.779 --> 00:28:28.779 of you anything except honesty. 00:28:28.779 --> 00:28:30.819 "Perish the hands of Abu Lahab, 00:28:30.819 --> 00:28:32.819 and perish he," 00:28:32.819 --> 00:28:34.819 meaning: may his hands be ruined and made wretched, 00:28:34.819 --> 00:28:37.069 so that he gains no profit. 00:28:37.069 --> 00:28:39.069 “His wealth and gains will not exempt him.” (111:2) 00:28:39.069 --> 00:28:41.069 "His wealth," that is: which he possessed and which caused him to transgress, 00:28:41.069 --> 00:28:43.099 "nor all that he gained," 00:28:43.099 --> 00:28:45.099 meaning: nor whatever he earned, 00:28:45.099 --> 00:28:47.099 for none of it will avert from him anything 00:28:47.099 --> 00:28:49.099 of the punishment of Allah when it befalls him. 00:28:49.099 --> 00:28:51.490 Some benefits derived from the hadith: 00:28:54.220 --> 00:28:56.220 Among the legal points of fiqh in the hadith 00:28:56.220 --> 00:28:58.220 is the Messenger of Allah reaching 00:28:58.220 --> 00:29:00.220 the utmost degree in conveying the message. 00:29:00.220 --> 00:29:02.220 It also reflects the wisdom of 00:29:02.220 --> 00:29:04.220 beginning that endeavor 00:29:04.220 --> 00:29:06.220 with the nearest kinsfolk, 00:29:06.220 --> 00:29:08.220 because they are the ones who know best 00:29:08.220 --> 00:29:10.220 a person's inner realities and private affairs, 00:29:10.220 --> 00:29:12.220 and they are the most observant 00:29:12.220 --> 00:29:14.220 of his hidden states; 00:29:14.220 --> 00:29:16.220 thus he cannot enjoin upon 00:29:16.220 --> 00:29:18.220 the closest members of his family 00:29:18.220 --> 00:29:20.220 anything contrary to what he commands others, 00:29:20.220 --> 00:29:22.220 and he then conveys it to the rest of mankind afterward. 00:29:22.220 --> 00:29:24.220 It also shows the legitimacy of 00:29:24.220 --> 00:29:26.220 tracing each tribe 00:29:26.220 --> 00:29:28.220 to its forebears. 00:29:28.220 --> 00:29:30.220 And the hadith shows that 00:29:30.220 --> 00:29:32.220 The Quraysh knew the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:29:32.220 --> 00:29:34.220 as the Truthful and the Trustworthy. 00:29:34.220 --> 00:29:36.220 This contains a clarification 00:29:36.220 --> 00:29:38.220 that the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:29:38.220 --> 00:29:40.220 is a warner to his people 00:29:40.220 --> 00:29:42.220 and to all of mankind. 00:29:42.220 --> 00:29:44.220 The hadith also indicates 00:29:44.220 --> 00:29:46.220 that lineage will not save one from the Fire of Hell. 00:29:46.220 --> 00:29:48.220 It further establishes that whoever is held back 00:29:48.220 --> 00:29:50.220 by his deeds will not be hastened forward by his lineage. 00:29:50.220 --> 00:29:52.220 It also clarifies that 00:29:52.220 --> 00:29:54.220 lineage to the Prophetic household (Ahl al-Bayt) 00:29:54.220 --> 00:29:56.220 is of no benefit without faith.