WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 *Riyad al-Salihin* from the Words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:15.310 Chapter on the Sanctity of the Rights of Muslims, 00:00:15.310 --> 00:00:20.309 Clarifying Their Rights, and Showing Them Compassion and Mercy. 00:00:20.309 --> 00:00:24.690 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:00:24.690 --> 00:00:29.820 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:00:29.820 --> 00:00:34.820 "A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim: he neither wrongs him nor surrenders him to an enemy. 00:00:34.820 --> 00:00:39.880 Whoever attends to the need of his brother, Allah will attend to his need. 00:00:39.880 --> 00:00:49.039 Whoever relieves a Muslim of an affliction, Allah will relieve him of an affliction from the afflictions of the Day of Resurrection. 00:00:49.039 --> 00:00:54.039 And whoever conceals the fault of a Muslim, Allah will conceal his faults on the Day of Resurrection." 00:00:54.039 --> 00:00:58.159 Agreed upon. 00:00:58.159 --> 00:01:05.159 "He neither wrongs him" means he does not unlawfully diminish his wealth or his rights, nor does he transgress against him. 00:01:05.159 --> 00:01:12.189 "Nor surrenders him" means he does not abandon him to his enemy or to his haters to harm him. 00:01:12.189 --> 00:01:19.579 "Relieves" means removes, and "an affliction" (*kurbah*) refers to severe distress and anguish. 00:01:19.579 --> 00:01:24.019 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:01:24.019 --> 00:01:29.019 Muslims are brothers bound by mutual love and cooperative partners, 00:01:29.019 --> 00:01:34.019 each complementing the other so that the communal structure is perfected and strengthened. 00:01:34.019 --> 00:01:41.269 Striving to fulfill the needs of Muslims and relieve their distress is an act of drawing near to Allah, 00:01:41.269 --> 00:01:47.269 and a means for one's own needs to be fulfilled, distress relieved, and sorrow dispelled. 00:01:47.269 --> 00:01:52.560 It is forbidden to wrong a Muslim or abandon him to the mercy of oppressors and their accomplices. 00:01:53.780 --> 00:02:00.780 A Muslim rightly aids his brother, restrains him from committing injustice, and never abandons him to his enemy. 00:02:00.780 --> 00:02:06.129 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:02:06.129 --> 00:02:10.129 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:02:10.129 --> 00:02:17.219 "A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim: he does not betray him, lie to him, or forsake him. 00:02:17.219 --> 00:02:23.419 Everything belonging to a Muslim is inviolable to another Muslim: his honor, his wealth, and his blood. 00:02:23.419 --> 00:02:26.539 Piety is right here. 00:02:26.539 --> 00:02:31.539 It is evil enough for a man to look down upon his fellow Muslim." 00:02:31.539 --> 00:02:35.340 Narrated by al-Tirmidhi. 00:02:35.340 --> 00:02:43.340 "He does not betray him" means he does not withhold his right, which stems from treachery, the opposite of trustworthiness. 00:02:43.439 --> 00:02:47.439 "He does not lie to him" means he does not falsely accuse him of lying, 00:02:47.439 --> 00:02:51.439 nor does he report something contrary to the truth to him. 00:02:51.439 --> 00:02:55.659 "He does not forsake him" means he does not withhold assistance from him. 00:02:55.659 --> 00:02:59.729 "His honor" (*'ird*) refers to his personal dignity and noble reputation, 00:02:59.729 --> 00:03:05.080 which must not be violated through reviling, backbiting, slander, or defamation. 00:03:05.080 --> 00:03:10.080 "It is evil enough for a man" means looking down upon Muslims suffices as a profound evil. 00:03:12.009 --> 00:03:14.009 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:03:14.009 --> 00:03:18.229 Muslims are brothers who are trustworthy and God-fearing, 00:03:18.229 --> 00:03:21.229 mutually supporting one another in goodness and righteousness. 00:03:21.229 --> 00:03:24.550 Holding Muslims in contempt is a sign of arrogance, 00:03:24.550 --> 00:03:27.550 and arrogance is evil in its entirety. 00:03:27.550 --> 00:03:32.969 The wealth, blood, and honor of a Muslim are inviolable without legitimate legal justification. 00:03:32.969 --> 00:03:38.219 Piety (*taqwa*) toward Allah prevents wrongdoing, pride, and heedless insolence. 00:03:38.219 --> 00:03:43.310 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:03:43.310 --> 00:03:47.310 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:03:47.310 --> 00:03:50.310 "Do not envy one another, do not artificially inflate prices (*tanajush*), 00:03:50.310 --> 00:03:54.310 do not hate one another, do not turn your backs on one another, 00:03:54.310 --> 00:03:58.310 and do not undercut one another in trade. 00:03:58.310 --> 00:04:01.379 Rather, be servants of Allah, brothers. 00:04:01.379 --> 00:04:04.439 A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim: 00:04:04.439 --> 00:04:08.439 he neither wrongs him, scorns him, nor forsakes him. 00:04:08.439 --> 00:04:11.439 Piety is right here" — 00:04:11.439 --> 00:04:14.439 and he pointed to his chest three times — 00:04:14.439 --> 00:04:17.470 "It is evil enough for a man 00:04:17.470 --> 00:04:20.470 to look down upon his fellow Muslim. 00:04:20.470 --> 00:04:23.569 Everything belonging to a Muslim is inviolable to another Muslim: 00:04:23.569 --> 00:04:26.569 his blood, his wealth, and his honor." 00:04:26.569 --> 00:04:30.209 Narrated by Muslim. 00:04:30.209 --> 00:04:33.209 *Najash* is to artificially raise the bidding price of an item 00:04:33.209 --> 00:04:36.209 being auctioned in the marketplace or elsewhere, 00:04:36.209 --> 00:04:39.209 having no intention of purchasing it, 00:04:39.209 --> 00:04:42.209 but rather intending to deceive someone else; 00:04:42.209 --> 00:04:44.209 and this is strictly forbidden. 00:04:44.209 --> 00:04:47.399 *Tadabur* (turning one's back) means to shun a person, 00:04:47.399 --> 00:04:50.399 boycott him, and treat him as though he were 00:04:50.399 --> 00:04:53.399 cast behind one's back. 00:04:53.399 --> 00:04:57.259 "Do not envy one another" 00:04:57.259 --> 00:05:00.259 means let none of you envy the other; 00:05:00.259 --> 00:05:03.259 envy (*hasad*) is wishing for the removal of a blessing. 00:05:03.259 --> 00:05:06.490 "Do not hate one another" 00:05:06.490 --> 00:05:09.490 means let none of you harbor hatred toward another for reasons other than for the sake of Allah. 00:05:09.490 --> 00:05:13.379 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:05:13.379 --> 00:05:16.480 The prohibition of envy, 00:05:16.480 --> 00:05:19.480 which is firmly established in the Book, the Sunnah, 00:05:19.480 --> 00:05:22.740 and the consensus of the Ummah. 00:05:22.740 --> 00:05:25.740 The prohibition of artificial bid-rigging (*najash*), 00:05:25.740 --> 00:05:29.060 because it is rooted in cheating and deception, 00:05:29.060 --> 00:05:32.060 hazard, and harm. 00:05:32.060 --> 00:05:35.060 Boycotting among Muslims 00:05:35.060 --> 00:05:38.060 that leads to alienation and severing ties is forbidden, 00:05:38.060 --> 00:05:41.060 for Allah has made Muslims brethren, 00:05:41.060 --> 00:05:44.339 and brothers are meant to love one another. 00:05:45.339 --> 00:05:48.339 The prohibitions against this have multiplied 00:05:48.339 --> 00:05:51.660 to the point of being mutawatir (mass-transmitted). 00:05:51.660 --> 00:05:54.660 It is not permissible to inflict harm on a Muslim 00:05:54.660 --> 00:05:57.660 in any manner whatsoever, whether by word, deed, 00:05:57.660 --> 00:06:00.660 or unjustified gesture. 00:06:00.660 --> 00:06:04.720 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:06:04.720 --> 00:06:07.720 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said: 00:06:07.720 --> 00:06:10.720 "None of you truly believes 00:06:10.720 --> 00:06:13.720 until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." 00:06:14.819 --> 00:06:16.980 Agreed upon. 00:06:16.980 --> 00:06:18.980 And on his authority, who said: 00:06:18.980 --> 00:06:21.980 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:06:21.980 --> 00:06:24.980 "Help your brother, whether he is an oppressor or is oppressed." 00:06:24.980 --> 00:06:27.980 A man said: 00:06:27.980 --> 00:06:30.980 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:06:30.980 --> 00:06:33.980 I help him if he is oppressed, 00:06:33.980 --> 00:06:36.980 but have you considered if he is an oppressor, how should I help him?" 00:06:36.980 --> 00:06:38.980 He said: 00:06:38.980 --> 00:06:41.980 "By restraining him or preventing him from committing injustice; 00:06:41.980 --> 00:06:45.069 that is indeed helping him." 00:06:45.069 --> 00:06:48.939 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:06:48.939 --> 00:06:52.129 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:52.129 --> 00:06:55.290 The obligation of coming to the aid of the oppressed. 00:06:55.290 --> 00:06:58.290 Restraining the hand of the oppressor 00:06:58.290 --> 00:07:01.610 is helping him overcome his own base desires and his devil. 00:07:01.610 --> 00:07:04.990 The obligation of enjoining good and forbidding wrong. 00:07:04.990 --> 00:07:07.990 The obligation of upholding the rights of faith-based brotherhood. 00:07:07.990 --> 00:07:11.250 Islam transformed 00:07:11.250 --> 00:07:14.250 the concepts of the pre-Islamic Jahiliyyah from destruction to constructive development; 00:07:14.250 --> 00:07:17.250 for the people of the Jahiliyyah used to support one another blindly, 00:07:17.250 --> 00:07:20.250 whether they were the ones oppressed 00:07:20.250 --> 00:07:23.250 or were actively oppressing others, 00:07:23.250 --> 00:07:26.310 based on pagan tribalism (*'asabiyyah*). 00:07:26.310 --> 00:07:29.310 Islam taught its followers 00:07:29.310 --> 00:07:32.310 to place matters in their proper perspective: 00:07:32.310 --> 00:07:35.310 a Muslim helps his oppressed brother 00:07:35.310 --> 00:07:38.310 by reclaiming his right and deterring his oppressor, 00:07:39.310 --> 00:07:42.310 never leaving him free to devour the wealth of Allah's servants, 00:07:42.310 --> 00:07:45.310 tear down their honor, or shed their blood. 00:07:45.310 --> 00:07:49.689 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:07:49.689 --> 00:07:52.689 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:07:52.689 --> 00:07:55.750 said: 00:07:55.750 --> 00:07:58.750 "The rights of a Muslim upon a Muslim are five: 00:07:58.750 --> 00:08:01.750 returning greetings of peace, visiting the sick, 00:08:01.750 --> 00:08:04.750 following funeral processions, 00:08:04.750 --> 00:08:07.750 accepting invitations, and responding to the one who sneezes." 00:08:07.750 --> 00:08:10.850 Agreed upon. 00:08:10.850 --> 00:08:13.850 In a narration by Muslim: 00:08:13.850 --> 00:08:16.850 "The rights of a Muslim are six: 00:08:16.850 --> 00:08:19.850 when you meet him, greet him with peace; 00:08:19.850 --> 00:08:22.850 when he invites you, accept his invitation; 00:08:22.850 --> 00:08:25.850 when he seeks your sincere counsel, advise him; 00:08:25.850 --> 00:08:28.850 when he sneezes and praises Allah, pray for Allah's mercy upon him; 00:08:28.850 --> 00:08:31.850 when he falls ill, visit him; 00:08:31.850 --> 00:08:35.940 and when he dies, follow his funeral procession." 00:08:35.940 --> 00:08:38.940 That is, these are obligatory and binding duties. 00:08:38.940 --> 00:08:42.059 Responding to the one who sneezes (*tashmit*) 00:08:42.059 --> 00:08:45.059 is your saying to whoever sneezes and praises Allah: 00:08:45.059 --> 00:08:49.279 "May Allah have mercy on you" (*yarhamukallah*). 00:08:49.279 --> 00:08:52.629 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:52.629 --> 00:08:55.629 Returning the greeting of peace is an individual obligation (*fard 'ayn*) 00:08:55.629 --> 00:08:58.629 when the person greeted is alone, 00:08:58.629 --> 00:09:01.919 while it suffices for one person to respond on behalf of a group. 00:09:01.919 --> 00:09:04.919 Visiting the sick is among his established rights over fellow Muslims. 00:09:05.919 --> 00:09:09.299 Accompanying funeral processions from their place of departure, 00:09:09.299 --> 00:09:12.299 praying over them, 00:09:12.299 --> 00:09:15.299 and burying them are communal obligations (*fard kifayah*). 00:09:15.299 --> 00:09:18.529 The obligation to accept invitations, 00:09:18.529 --> 00:09:21.879 provided they do not involve sin. 00:09:21.879 --> 00:09:24.879 Responding to the one who sneezes is an individual obligation, 00:09:24.879 --> 00:09:27.879 according to his saying, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 00:09:27.879 --> 00:09:31.230 "It is a duty upon everyone who hears him." 00:09:31.230 --> 00:09:34.230 The one who sneezes does not merit this response unless he says: 00:09:34.230 --> 00:09:37.580 "Praise be to Allah" (*al-hamdu lillah*). 00:09:37.580 --> 00:09:40.580 Offering sincere advice to whoever seeks it 00:09:40.580 --> 00:09:43.870 is an obligatory duty upon the one consulted. 00:09:43.870 --> 00:09:46.870 The greatness of the Islamic methodology 00:09:46.870 --> 00:09:49.870 in reinforcing the bonds of society 00:09:49.870 --> 00:09:54.250 and strengthening the ties of mutual love among its members. 00:09:54.250 --> 00:09:57.250 On the authority of Abu 'Umarah, 00:09:57.250 --> 00:10:00.340 al-Bara' ibn 'Azib, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:10:00.340 --> 00:10:03.340 "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, commanded us with seven things 00:10:03.340 --> 00:10:06.340 and forbade us from seven: 00:10:06.340 --> 00:10:09.340 he commanded us to visit the sick, 00:10:09.340 --> 00:10:12.340 to follow funeral processions, 00:10:12.340 --> 00:10:15.340 to pray for the one who sneezes, 00:10:15.340 --> 00:10:18.340 to help fulfill the oath of one who adjures us, 00:10:18.340 --> 00:10:21.379 to support the oppressed, 00:10:21.379 --> 00:10:24.379 to accept the invitation of the host, 00:10:24.379 --> 00:10:27.379 and to spread greetings of peace. 00:10:27.379 --> 00:10:30.379 And he forbade us from wearing gold rings, 00:10:30.379 --> 00:10:33.379 from wearing silk-embroidered garments (*al-qasiyy*), 00:10:33.379 --> 00:10:36.440 and from wearing plain silk, heavy brocade (*istabraq*), and ornate silk (*dibaj*)." 00:10:36.440 --> 00:10:39.659 Agreed upon. 00:10:39.659 --> 00:10:42.659 In another narration: 00:10:42.659 --> 00:10:46.179 "and announcing lost items" is mentioned among the first seven. 00:10:46.179 --> 00:10:49.179 *Al-Mayathir* 00:10:49.179 --> 00:10:52.179 is the plural of *maytharah*, which is a cushion made of silk 00:10:52.179 --> 00:10:55.179 stuffed with cotton or similar filling, 00:10:55.179 --> 00:10:58.179 placed upon saddles and camel litters. 00:10:58.179 --> 00:11:01.370 *Al-Qasiyy* 00:11:01.370 --> 00:11:04.370 refers to garments woven from a blend of silk and linen. 00:11:04.370 --> 00:11:07.370 "Announcing lost property" 00:11:07.370 --> 00:11:11.039 means seeking out its owner by advertising it. 00:11:11.039 --> 00:11:14.039 "Helping fulfill the oath" 00:11:14.039 --> 00:11:17.039 means complying with and validating the request of one who implores you by oath 00:11:17.039 --> 00:11:20.039 to perform what he asked of you, 00:11:20.039 --> 00:11:23.360 provided it is lawful and within your capability to do. 00:11:23.360 --> 00:11:26.419 *Dibaj* is a variety of pure, thick silk. 00:11:26.419 --> 00:11:29.419 *Istabraq* 00:11:29.419 --> 00:11:33.190 is thick, coarse brocade made of silk. 00:11:33.190 --> 00:11:36.509 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:11:36.509 --> 00:11:39.509 The obligation upon anyone capable of aiding an oppressed person, 00:11:39.509 --> 00:11:42.769 by restoring his rights to him 00:11:42.769 --> 00:11:45.769 and deterring his oppressor from harming him. 00:11:45.769 --> 00:11:49.090 The prohibition of using gold and silver vessels. 00:11:49.090 --> 00:11:52.379 The prohibition against men wearing gold rings. 00:11:52.379 --> 00:11:55.730 The prohibition against men wearing silk. 00:11:55.730 --> 00:11:58.730 and on searching for lost property in the mosques, 00:11:58.730 --> 00:12:02.690 from *Riyad al-Salihin*.