WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 *Riyadh al-Salihin* from the Words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:15.339 Chapter: The Virtue of Hunger, an Austere Life, 00:00:15.339 --> 00:00:20.339 and Contenting Oneself with Little in Food, Drink, and Clothing, 00:00:20.339 --> 00:00:25.339 as Well as Other Selfish Pleasures, and Abandoning Desires. 00:00:25.339 --> 00:00:29.070 On the authority of Muhammad ibn Sirin, 00:00:29.070 --> 00:00:32.070 from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:00:32.070 --> 00:00:39.070 "I have seen myself collapsing between the pulpit of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:00:39.070 --> 00:00:44.070 and the chamber of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), having fallen unconscious. 00:00:44.070 --> 00:00:49.070 A passerby would come along and place his foot upon my neck, 00:00:49.070 --> 00:00:53.070 thinking that I was possessed by madness, yet there was no madness in me; 00:00:53.070 --> 00:00:56.070 it was nothing other than severe hunger." 00:00:56.070 --> 00:00:58.229 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:00:58.229 --> 00:01:02.829 "I collapse" (*akhissu* / *akharru*) means: I fall down. 00:01:02.829 --> 00:01:04.959 "Having fallen unconscious" (*maghshiyyan 'alayya*), 00:01:04.959 --> 00:01:06.959 that is: fainted. 00:01:06.959 --> 00:01:10.180 "He places his foot upon my neck": 00:01:10.180 --> 00:01:16.180 this was the custom done to someone thought to have suffered a fit of madness until he regained consciousness. 00:01:16.180 --> 00:01:19.560 Key lessons of the hadith: 00:01:19.560 --> 00:01:24.040 The severe distress of extreme hunger, and that it can overwhelm a person, 00:01:24.040 --> 00:01:29.040 causing them to lose control over themselves and their senses. 00:01:29.040 --> 00:01:32.459 The patience of the Companions in enduring poverty and hunger, 00:01:32.459 --> 00:01:35.459 and their restraint from begging people. 00:01:35.459 --> 00:01:38.900 Whoever is unaware of the true reality of a matter 00:01:38.900 --> 00:01:40.900 is excused for not offering assistance, 00:01:40.900 --> 00:01:42.900 until the situation becomes clear to him 00:01:42.900 --> 00:01:45.900 and he realizes what duty of aid is required of him. 00:01:45.900 --> 00:01:49.349 An illustration of certain customs of the Arabs, 00:01:49.349 --> 00:01:54.349 where they would place their feet on the neck of a madman until he regained consciousness. 00:01:54.349 --> 00:01:59.950 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 00:01:59.950 --> 00:02:03.950 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) passed away 00:02:03.950 --> 00:02:06.950 while his coat of armor was mortgaged to a Jewish man 00:02:06.950 --> 00:02:09.949 for thirty *sa's* of barley." 00:02:09.949 --> 00:02:12.020 Agreed upon. 00:02:12.020 --> 00:02:17.490 The coat of armor (*al-dir'*) is what is worn in battle, 00:02:17.490 --> 00:02:19.490 and it is made of iron. 00:02:19.490 --> 00:02:24.580 "Mortgaged" (*marhunah*): *al-rahn* literally means detention/pledging, and in legal terminology (*shar'an*): 00:02:24.580 --> 00:02:28.580 placing a valuable asset as security with the creditor, 00:02:28.580 --> 00:02:30.580 so that he may recover his due right from it 00:02:30.580 --> 00:02:33.580 if the debtor is unable to settle the debt. 00:02:33.580 --> 00:02:37.900 Key lessons of the hadith: 00:02:37.900 --> 00:02:41.900 The asceticism of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) regarding worldly life, 00:02:41.900 --> 00:02:46.900 his avoidance of amassing its wealth or becoming preoccupied with its affairs, 00:02:46.900 --> 00:02:50.900 and his detachment from its burdens and concerns. 00:02:50.900 --> 00:02:56.889 The permissibility of conducting business with the People of the Book and borrowing from them. 00:02:56.889 --> 00:03:02.259 The legal validity of collateral (*al-rahn*) to secure rights. 00:03:02.259 --> 00:03:05.259 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:03:05.259 --> 00:03:10.259 "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) mortgaged his coat of armor for barley, 00:03:10.259 --> 00:03:15.259 and I walked to the Prophet (peace be upon him) carrying barley bread 00:03:15.259 --> 00:03:17.259 and altered, rancid fat." 00:03:17.259 --> 00:03:20.360 "And I certainly heard him say: 00:03:20.360 --> 00:03:25.360 'Not a single *sa'* has remained in the morning or the evening for the household of Muhammad,' 00:03:25.360 --> 00:03:28.389 though they were nine households." 00:03:28.389 --> 00:03:30.680 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:03:30.680 --> 00:03:34.680 *Al-Ihalah* is melted fat, 00:03:34.680 --> 00:03:37.680 and *al-sanikhah* is fat that has turned rancid and altered in smell. 00:03:37.680 --> 00:03:41.250 Key lessons of the hadith: 00:03:41.250 --> 00:03:45.569 The complete humility of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:03:45.569 --> 00:03:48.569 his asceticism and contenting himself with very little of worldly life, 00:03:48.569 --> 00:03:50.569 despite having the ability to attain it, 00:03:50.569 --> 00:03:54.569 and his generosity, which led him not to hoard or store up provisions, 00:03:54.569 --> 00:03:57.569 to the point of needing to pawn his coat of armor. 00:03:57.569 --> 00:04:00.919 The patience of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:04:00.919 --> 00:04:03.919 and his household in enduring narrow living conditions, 00:04:03.919 --> 00:04:05.919 and being content with the bare minimum. 00:04:05.919 --> 00:04:08.400 The permissibility of dealing commercially with non-Muslims 00:04:08.400 --> 00:04:12.400 in matters where the specific transaction is not established as prohibited, 00:04:12.400 --> 00:04:18.399 without regard to the corruption of their beliefs or their internal transactions among themselves. 00:04:18.399 --> 00:04:24.069 The permissibility of selling, pawning, or leasing weapons to a non-Muslim, 00:04:24.069 --> 00:04:26.069 so long as he is not a combatant enemy (*harbi*). 00:04:26.069 --> 00:04:30.579 The affirmation of property rights held by non-Muslim subjects (*ahl al-dhimmah*). 00:04:30.579 --> 00:04:34.060 The permissibility of purchasing on deferred payment, 00:04:34.060 --> 00:04:38.060 provided that the deferred price is not increased solely on account of the extended period. 00:04:38.060 --> 00:04:41.480 The legal validity of collateral (*al-rahn*) while residing at home (not traveling), 00:04:41.480 --> 00:04:46.480 which clarifies that the mention of travel in the verse of Allah the Exalted 00:04:46.480 --> 00:04:53.480 “If ye be on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then a pledge in hand (shall suffice). And if one of you entrusteth to another let him who is trusted deliver up that which is entrusted to him (according to the pact between them) and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord. Hide not testimony. He who hideth it, verily his heart is sinful. Allah is Aware of what ye do.” (2:283) 00:04:53.480 --> 00:04:55.480 was mentioned merely according to the typical situation. 00:04:55.480 --> 00:04:59.899 The Prophet's turning away 00:04:59.899 --> 00:05:03.899 from dealing with the wealthy Companions to dealing with the Jews 00:05:03.899 --> 00:05:05.899 was either to demonstrate its legal permissibility, 00:05:05.899 --> 00:05:11.899 or because the Companions had no food surplus beyond their own needs at that time, 00:05:11.899 --> 00:05:16.899 or out of fear that they would refuse to accept any price or compensation from him, 00:05:16.899 --> 00:05:19.899 and he did not wish to burden them. 00:05:19.899 --> 00:05:25.370 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:05:25.370 --> 00:05:29.370 "I saw seventy of the people of al-Suffah, 00:05:29.370 --> 00:05:32.370 and not a single man among them had a cloak (*rida'*). 00:05:32.370 --> 00:05:35.370 They had either a lower garment (*izar*) or a single wrapper (*kisa'*), 00:05:35.370 --> 00:05:40.370 which they tied around their necks; some reached down to midway on the shins, 00:05:40.370 --> 00:05:43.370 while others reached to the ankles, 00:05:43.370 --> 00:05:48.370 and a man would gather it with his hand, disliking that his nakedness (*'awrah*) might be exposed." 00:05:48.370 --> 00:05:50.560 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:05:50.560 --> 00:05:54.850 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 00:05:54.850 --> 00:06:01.850 "The mattress of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was made of tanned leather stuffed with palm fiber." 00:06:01.850 --> 00:06:03.850 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:06:03.850 --> 00:06:07.519 *Adam* means: tanned leather. 00:06:07.519 --> 00:06:11.519 *Lif* means: the fine fiber of the date-palm. 00:06:11.519 --> 00:06:15.420 Key lessons of the hadith: 00:06:15.420 --> 00:06:18.579 The humility of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:06:18.579 --> 00:06:21.579 his turning away from worldly luxuries, 00:06:21.579 --> 00:06:27.579 and his contentment with very little in his dress, garments, and bedding. 00:06:27.579 --> 00:06:32.920 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:06:32.920 --> 00:06:37.920 "We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:06:37.920 --> 00:06:41.920 when a man from the Ansar came and greeted him with peace, 00:06:41.920 --> 00:06:43.920 and then the Ansari turned back to leave. 00:06:43.920 --> 00:06:47.949 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:06:47.949 --> 00:06:49.949 'O brother of the Ansar, 00:06:49.949 --> 00:06:52.949 how is my brother Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah?' 00:06:52.949 --> 00:06:56.019 He replied: 'He is well.' 00:06:56.019 --> 00:07:00.180 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:07:00.180 --> 00:07:02.180 'Which of you will visit him?' 00:07:02.180 --> 00:07:07.180 So he stood up, and we stood up with him, being over ten in number, 00:07:07.180 --> 00:07:12.180 having neither sandals, leather socks, caps, nor tunics; 00:07:12.180 --> 00:07:16.180 we walked across those salty tracts until we reached him. 00:07:16.180 --> 00:07:19.209 His people drew back from around him 00:07:19.209 --> 00:07:23.209 until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:07:23.209 --> 00:07:26.209 and the Companions with him drew near." 00:07:26.209 --> 00:07:28.459 Narrated by Muslim. 00:07:28.459 --> 00:07:34.389 "Visiting him" (*ya'uduhu*) comes from *'iyadah*, meaning: visiting the sick. 00:07:34.389 --> 00:07:36.709 *Khafaf* (leather socks): 00:07:36.709 --> 00:07:38.709 *al-khuff* is a shoe made of leather, 00:07:38.709 --> 00:07:40.709 worn on the foot, 00:07:40.709 --> 00:07:43.709 and covering the ankles. 00:07:43.709 --> 00:07:46.220 *Qalanis* (caps): 00:07:46.220 --> 00:07:49.220 *al-qulunsuwah* is a head covering. 00:07:49.220 --> 00:07:51.350 *Al-Sibakh* (salty tracts): 00:07:51.350 --> 00:07:54.350 it is land covered with salinity, 00:07:54.350 --> 00:07:57.350 where hardly anything grows except a few sparse shrubs. 00:07:58.350 --> 00:08:01.120 Key lessons of the hadith: 00:08:01.120 --> 00:08:04.629 The eagerness of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) 00:08:04.629 --> 00:08:08.629 to sit in the company of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:08:08.629 --> 00:08:11.629 to gain understanding of their religion. 00:08:11.629 --> 00:08:16.240 The asceticism of the Companions and their minimal clothing, 00:08:16.240 --> 00:08:20.240 and their patience through severe poverty and rough living. 00:08:20.240 --> 00:08:22.750 Whoever approaches a gathering 00:08:22.750 --> 00:08:25.750 should initiate greeting them with peace before speaking; 00:08:25.750 --> 00:08:28.750 this is the Sunnah. 00:08:29.199 --> 00:08:32.200 A leader ought to check upon his subjects 00:08:32.200 --> 00:08:35.200 and inquire after their well-being. 00:08:35.200 --> 00:08:39.649 A testimony from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:08:39.649 --> 00:08:42.649 to the faith of Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah, 00:08:42.649 --> 00:08:43.649 when he said: 00:08:43.649 --> 00:08:46.649 "How is my brother Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah?" 00:08:46.649 --> 00:08:52.100 The recommendation of visiting the sick and encouraging fellow brethren to do so. 00:08:52.100 --> 00:08:55.610 The recommendation that whoever is asked about a sick person 00:08:55.610 --> 00:08:57.610 should say: "He is doing well." 00:08:57.610 --> 00:09:02.250 The recommendation of making space in a gathering for a visitor. 00:09:02.250 --> 00:09:08.200 On the authority of 'Imran ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:09:08.200 --> 00:09:12.200 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), that he said: 00:09:12.200 --> 00:09:14.200 "The best of you are my generation, 00:09:14.200 --> 00:09:17.200 then those who follow them, 00:09:17.200 --> 00:09:20.200 then those who follow them." 00:09:20.200 --> 00:09:21.200 'Imran said: 00:09:21.200 --> 00:09:22.200 "I do not know 00:09:22.200 --> 00:09:27.200 whether the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) mentioned it two or three times." 00:09:28.259 --> 00:09:33.259 "Then, after them, there will come a people who give testimony without being asked to testify, 00:09:33.259 --> 00:09:36.259 who betray and are not trusted, 00:09:36.259 --> 00:09:39.259 who make vows and do not fulfill them, 00:09:39.259 --> 00:09:42.259 and obesity will become prevalent among them." 00:09:42.259 --> 00:09:44.419 Agreed upon. 00:09:44.419 --> 00:09:47.700 "They betray" (*yakhoonoon*): 00:09:47.700 --> 00:09:51.860 meaning they curtail rights and breach trusts. 00:09:51.860 --> 00:09:53.860 "They make vows" (*yandhiroon*): 00:09:53.860 --> 00:09:54.860 a vow (*nadhr*) is 00:09:54.860 --> 00:09:59.090 committing oneself to an act of obedience that is not obligatory by default in Islamic law. 00:09:59.090 --> 00:10:03.789 *Al-Siman* (obesity) means an excess of body fat and flesh. 00:10:03.789 --> 00:10:06.110 Key lessons of the hadith: 00:10:06.110 --> 00:10:10.110 The superiority of the people of the first three generations over those who come after them. 00:10:10.110 --> 00:10:15.590 The further the era is from the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:10:15.590 --> 00:10:19.100 the less virtue and excellence it possesses. 00:10:19.100 --> 00:10:22.100 The warning against giving testimony before being asked to testify, 00:10:22.100 --> 00:10:28.100 unless the testimony is required to avert an injustice, repel an assailant, 00:10:28.100 --> 00:10:31.620 or restore and uphold a rightful claim. 00:10:31.620 --> 00:10:35.620 Treachery is a grave corruption in society 00:10:35.620 --> 00:10:39.129 that leads to the proliferation of evils. 00:10:39.129 --> 00:10:42.129 The encouragement to fulfill vows, 00:10:42.129 --> 00:10:45.580 as it is among the characteristics of the believers. 00:10:45.580 --> 00:10:50.580 A foretelling of what people's state will become regarding the appearance of obesity, 00:10:50.580 --> 00:10:53.580 which points to laziness, sluggishness, 00:10:53.580 --> 00:10:59.950 complacency with worldly indulgence, and abandoning striving in the cause of Allah. 00:10:59.950 --> 00:11:03.950 On the authority of Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:11:03.950 --> 00:11:07.950 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:11:07.950 --> 00:11:12.980 'O son of Adam, if you give away what is surplus to your needs, it is better for you, 00:11:12.980 --> 00:11:15.980 and if you withhold it, it is bad for you; 00:11:15.980 --> 00:11:18.980 yet you are not blamed for keeping what is sufficient, 00:11:18.980 --> 00:11:21.110 and begin with those whom you support.'" 00:11:21.110 --> 00:11:23.110 Narrated by al-Tirmidhi. 00:11:23.110 --> 00:11:28.169 *Al-Fadl* means what exceeds one's actual need. 00:11:28.169 --> 00:11:30.330 "You are not blamed" (*wa-la tulam*): 00:11:30.330 --> 00:11:34.330 that is, no legal blame or reproach attaches to you in the Shari'ah. 00:11:34.330 --> 00:11:38.649 *Kafaf* (sufficiency) means retaining what meets one's basic needs. 00:11:38.649 --> 00:11:40.970 "Those whom you support" (*man ta'ul*): 00:11:40.970 --> 00:11:43.970 that is, those whose financial maintenance is obligatory upon you. 00:11:43.970 --> 00:11:48.789 Key lessons of the hadith: 00:11:48.789 --> 00:11:51.789 Encouragement to spend in the way of Allah, 00:11:51.789 --> 00:11:54.789 and warning against stinginess and greed. 00:11:54.789 --> 00:12:00.399 The permissibility of keeping enough wealth to cover the necessary needs of oneself and one's family. 00:12:00.879 --> 00:12:04.879 Spending surplus wealth brings goodness, 00:12:04.879 --> 00:12:09.879 while hoarding it generally results in harms and evils. 00:12:09.879 --> 00:12:12.360 The best of matters is sufficiency (*al-kafaf*), 00:12:12.360 --> 00:12:17.360 and it is what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed for. 00:12:17.360 --> 00:12:20.940 The best charity is that given to one's family and close relatives, 00:12:20.940 --> 00:12:23.940 because it combines both charity and upholding family ties. 00:12:23.940 --> 00:12:32.570 On the authority of 'Ubaydullah ibn Mihsan al-Ansari al-Khatmi (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:12:32.570 --> 00:12:36.570 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:12:36.570 --> 00:12:40.570 "Whoever among you wakes up secure in his heart and home, 00:12:40.570 --> 00:12:42.570 healthy in his body, 00:12:42.570 --> 00:12:45.570 and possessing his daily sustenance, 00:12:45.570 --> 00:12:50.570 it is as if the entire world has been gathered for him." 00:12:50.570 --> 00:12:52.789 Related by al-Tirmidhi. 00:12:52.789 --> 00:12:58.240 "In his sirb" means within himself, and it is also said: among his people. 00:12:58.240 --> 00:13:02.230 "Gathered" means brought together for him. 00:13:02.230 --> 00:13:07.230 "In its entirety" means in all its aspects. 00:13:07.230 --> 00:13:11.129 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:13:11.129 --> 00:13:16.769 A servant's essential need in this world is safety and sufficient provision; 00:13:16.769 --> 00:13:20.769 whoever possesses both has truly attained the entire world. 00:13:20.769 --> 00:13:24.279 Sustenance is not attained merely through strength, 00:13:24.279 --> 00:13:28.279 but rather through earnest striving and relying upon Allah Almighty. 00:13:28.279 --> 00:13:34.779 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:13:34.779 --> 00:13:39.779 that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:13:39.779 --> 00:13:41.779 "Successful indeed is the one who embraces Islam, 00:13:41.779 --> 00:13:44.779 is granted just sufficient sustenance, 00:13:44.779 --> 00:13:47.779 and whom Allah makes content with what He has given him." 00:13:47.779 --> 00:13:50.039 Related by Muslim. 00:13:50.039 --> 00:13:52.580 "Successful..." 00:13:52.580 --> 00:13:54.580 "Successful" means has triumphed. 00:13:54.580 --> 00:13:59.639 "Made him content" means made him satisfied with what was apportioned to him. 00:13:59.639 --> 00:14:03.700 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:14:03.700 --> 00:14:05.700 Every disbeliever is a loser, 00:14:05.700 --> 00:14:10.700 while the people of faith are the truly victorious in this world and the Hereafter. 00:14:10.700 --> 00:14:14.139 When sustenance is just sufficient for one's needs, 00:14:14.139 --> 00:14:17.139 it safeguards a person from humiliation, 00:14:17.139 --> 00:14:20.139 and typically protects them from transgression. 00:14:20.139 --> 00:14:23.139 Contentment is the true reality of wealth. 00:14:23.139 --> 00:14:26.690 Faith in Allah and the Last Day 00:14:26.690 --> 00:14:29.690 yields satisfaction and contentment, 00:14:29.690 --> 00:14:33.690 which are the foundation of all good in this world and the Hereafter. 00:14:33.690 --> 00:14:37.000 On the authority of Abu Muhammad, 00:14:37.000 --> 00:14:41.000 Fadalah ibn 'Ubayd al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:14:41.000 --> 00:14:46.000 that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: 00:14:46.000 --> 00:14:49.059 "Glad tidings are for the one who is guided to Islam, 00:14:49.059 --> 00:14:52.059 whose livelihood is just sufficient, 00:14:52.059 --> 00:14:54.159 and who remains content." 00:14:54.159 --> 00:14:56.159 Related by al-Tirmidhi. 00:14:56.159 --> 00:15:00.929 "Tuba" is a verbal noun derived from goodness, 00:15:00.929 --> 00:15:04.929 and it is firmly established from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:15:04.929 --> 00:15:08.929 that it also refers to a tree in Paradise. 00:15:08.929 --> 00:15:13.220 "Guided" means directed and granted success. 00:15:13.220 --> 00:15:17.019 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:15:17.019 --> 00:15:21.370 A person's happiness lies in the perfection of their faith, having sufficient livelihood, 00:15:21.370 --> 00:15:25.370 and being content with what Allah has granted them. 00:15:25.370 --> 00:15:30.330 [From] Riyad al-Salihin (The Meadows of the Righteous).