1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:08,039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:08,560 --> 00:00:12,740 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 4 00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:16,070 Surah al-Rum. 5 00:00:18,449 --> 00:00:23,210 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:23,390 --> 00:00:31,530 Alif-Lam-Mim. 7 00:00:31,530 --> 00:00:34,070 The Romans have been defeated. 8 00:00:34,270 --> 00:00:41,679 “In the nearer land, and they, after their defeat will be victorious” (30:3) 9 00:00:42,039 --> 00:00:44,880 Within a few years. 10 00:00:45,159 --> 00:00:49,359 “Within ten years - Allah's is the command in the former case and in the latter - and in that day believers will rejoice” (30:4) 11 00:00:49,679 --> 00:00:54,359 And on that day, the believers will rejoice. 12 00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:57,560 In the victory granted by Allah. 13 00:00:57,560 --> 00:01:03,079 He grants victory to whom He wills. 14 00:01:03,079 --> 00:01:06,359 And He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful. 15 00:01:07,700 --> 00:01:09,700 Alif-Lam-Mim. 16 00:01:10,019 --> 00:01:12,019 The Persians defeated the Romans. 17 00:01:12,019 --> 00:01:13,540 In the nearest land. 18 00:01:13,859 --> 00:01:16,659 From the land of al-Sham to the land of Persia. 19 00:01:17,019 --> 00:01:22,180 And the Romans, after their defeat by the Persians, will soon defeat the Persians. 20 00:01:22,500 --> 00:01:24,019 Within a few years. 21 00:01:24,420 --> 00:01:30,180 To Allah belongs the command before their defeat by the Persians and after their defeat of them. 22 00:01:30,659 --> 00:01:32,819 And on the day the Romans defeat the Persians. 23 00:01:33,140 --> 00:01:38,819 The believers in Allah and His Messenger will rejoice in Allah’s granting them victory over the polytheists. 24 00:01:39,299 --> 00:01:41,780 And the victory of the Romans over the Persians. 25 00:01:42,260 --> 00:01:46,340 Allah grants victory to whom He wills among His creation over whom He wills. 26 00:01:46,980 --> 00:01:50,219 And Allah is severe in His retribution against His enemies. 27 00:01:50,700 --> 00:01:53,180 And merciful to those who repent among His creation. 28 00:01:54,609 --> 00:02:05,689 “It is a promise of Allah. Allah faileth not His promise, but most of mankind know not.” (30:6) 29 00:02:06,879 --> 00:02:12,319 It is the promise of Allah that the Romans will defeat the Persians after the Persians had defeated them. 30 00:02:12,639 --> 00:02:15,680 Allah promised the believers that, a true promise. 31 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:18,199 Allah will not fail in His promise. 32 00:02:18,599 --> 00:02:21,479 For there is no failure in His promises. 33 00:02:22,039 --> 00:02:28,199 But most of the Quraysh, who deny that Allah will fulfill His promise to the believers. 34 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:31,479 Do not know that it is indeed so. 35 00:02:32,960 --> 00:02:41,240 “They know only some appearance of the life of the world, and are heedless of the Hereafter.” (30:7) 36 00:02:42,319 --> 00:02:46,240 These deniers know the reality of Allah’s report. 37 00:02:46,639 --> 00:02:51,439 That the Romans will defeat the Persians, appearing in the life of this world. 38 00:02:51,919 --> 00:02:55,280 And in the management of their livelihoods and what benefits them therein. 39 00:02:55,919 --> 00:03:00,719 While they are of their afterlife and what holds their salvation from the punishment of Allah. 40 00:03:01,240 --> 00:03:03,719 Unmindful, not reflecting upon it. 41 00:03:05,069 --> 00:03:09,469 “Have they not pondered upon themselves? Allah created not the heavens and the earth, and that which is between them, save with truth and for a destined end. But truly many of mankind are disbelievers in the meeting with their Lord.” (30:8) 42 00:03:09,909 --> 00:03:19,550 Allah did not create the heavens and the earth and what is between them except with truth and for a specified term. 43 00:03:20,030 --> 00:03:29,629 “Have they not pondered upon themselves? Allah created not the heavens and the earth, and that which is between them, save with truth and for a destined end. But truly many of mankind are disbelievers in the meeting with their Lord.” (30:8) 44 00:03:31,050 --> 00:03:36,490 Have these deniers of the Resurrection not reflected upon Allah’s creation of them? 45 00:03:36,969 --> 00:03:40,090 And that He created them when they were nothing. 46 00:03:40,569 --> 00:03:45,129 Then He transformed them through various states and stages until they became men. 47 00:03:45,689 --> 00:03:52,169 So that they might know that He who did that is capable of recreating them after their annihilation as a new creation. 48 00:03:52,889 --> 00:03:57,689 “Have they not pondered upon themselves? Allah created not the heavens and the earth, and that which is between them, save with truth and for a destined end. But truly many of mankind are disbelievers in the meeting with their Lord.” (30:8) 49 00:03:58,169 --> 00:04:00,569 And for a specified, appointed term. 50 00:04:01,319 --> 00:04:05,319 When that time is reached, He will bring all of that to an end. 51 00:04:06,189 --> 00:04:11,310 And indeed, many of the people are deniers and rejecters of the meeting with their Lord. 52 00:04:12,879 --> 00:04:20,879 Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those who were before them? 53 00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:34,560 “Have they not travelled in the land and seen the nature of the consequence for those who were before them? They were stronger than these in power, and they dug the earth and built upon it more than these have built. Messengers of their own came unto them with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty). Surely Allah wronged them not, but they did wrong themselves.” (30:9) 54 00:04:34,879 --> 00:04:39,600 And their messengers came to them with clear proofs. 55 00:04:40,079 --> 00:04:48,720 So it was not for Allah to wrong them, but they were wronging themselves. 56 00:04:50,300 --> 00:04:54,139 Have these deniers of Allah not traveled through the lands? 57 00:04:54,779 --> 00:05:00,139 To observe the traces of Allah in those who were before them among the nations that denied. 58 00:05:00,699 --> 00:05:04,620 How was the end of their affair in their denial of their messengers? 59 00:05:05,100 --> 00:05:07,500 For they were greater than them in strength. 60 00:05:07,980 --> 00:05:13,819 And they tilled the earth, cultivated it, and built it up more than these have built it up. 61 00:05:14,220 --> 00:05:18,139 So Allah destroyed them for their disbelief and their denial of their messengers. 62 00:05:18,459 --> 00:05:23,259 When their messengers came to them with clear signs, they denied them. 63 00:05:23,740 --> 00:05:25,899 So Allah brought upon them His punishment. 64 00:05:26,379 --> 00:05:31,819 It was not for Allah to wrong them by punishing them for denying their messengers. 65 00:05:32,300 --> 00:05:36,939 But they were wronging themselves by disobeying their Lord. 66 00:05:38,459 --> 00:05:54,620 “Then evil was the consequence to those who dealt in evil, because they denied the revelations of Allah and made a mock of them.” (30:10) 67 00:05:56,240 --> 00:06:01,759 Then the final outcome of those who disbelieved among those who tilled and built up the earth. 68 00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:03,439 Was that they did evil. 69 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:06,959 The trait which is worse than their deeds. 70 00:06:07,680 --> 00:06:10,800 As for in this world, it is ruin and destruction. 71 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:13,680 And as for in the Hereafter, it is the Fire. 72 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:17,439 “This, forasmuch as ye made the revelations of Allah a jest, and the life of the world beguiled you. Therefor this day they come not forth from thence, nor can they make amends.” (45:35) 73 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:21,040 Because they denied the signs of Allah in this world. 74 00:06:21,519 --> 00:06:26,480 And they used to mock the proofs of Allah, which were His prophets and messengers. 75 00:06:27,839 --> 00:06:35,279 “Allah produceth creation, then He reproduceth it, then unto Him ye will be returned.” (30:11) 76 00:06:36,589 --> 00:06:40,029 Allah the Exalted begins the creation of all creatures. 77 00:06:40,430 --> 00:06:42,029 Alone in His creation of them. 78 00:06:42,589 --> 00:06:46,829 Then He will recreate them as a new creation after their annihilation and non-existence. 79 00:06:47,470 --> 00:06:51,069 Then to Him they will be gathered to pass judgment between them. 80 00:06:52,600 --> 00:06:58,279 “And in the day when the Hour riseth the unrighteous will despair.” (30:12) 81 00:06:59,449 --> 00:07:04,250 And on the day the Hour comes, in which Allah will judge between His creation. 82 00:07:04,730 --> 00:07:09,529 Those who associated partners with Allah will despair, become depressed, and regret. 83 00:07:10,920 --> 00:07:23,399 “There will be none to intercede for them of those whom they made equal with Allah. And they will reject their partners (whom they ascribed unto Him).” (30:13) 84 00:07:24,810 --> 00:07:32,970 And these criminals will not have, from among their partners whom they used to follow in the misguidance to which they were called. 85 00:07:33,449 --> 00:07:38,569 Intercessors who will intercede for them before Allah to save them from His punishment. 86 00:07:39,209 --> 00:07:42,649 And they will be disbelievers in their partners in misguidance. 87 00:07:43,050 --> 00:07:46,569 They will deny their allegiance and disavow them. 88 00:07:48,009 --> 00:07:53,689 “In the day when the Hour cometh, in that day they will be sundered.” (30:14) 89 00:07:54,170 --> 00:08:02,810 “As for those who believed and did good works, they will be made happy in a Garden.” (30:15) 90 00:08:04,319 --> 00:08:10,079 And on the day the Hour comes, the people of faith in Allah and the people of disbelief in Him will be separated. 91 00:08:10,860 --> 00:08:15,899 As for those who believed in Allah and His Messenger and acted according to what Allah commanded them. 92 00:08:16,459 --> 00:08:23,420 They will be in gardens of delight, amidst lush greenery and various flowers, rejoicing. 93 00:08:23,819 --> 00:08:27,259 And they will take pleasure in the hearing and the goodness of a pleasant life. 94 00:08:29,199 --> 00:08:44,480 “But as for those who disbelieved and denied Our revelations, and denied the meeting of the Hereafter, such will be brought to doom.” (30:16) 95 00:08:45,879 --> 00:08:52,919 And as for those who denied the oneness of Allah and disbelieved His messengers, they will be brought into the punishment of Allah. 96 00:08:53,399 --> 00:09:01,879 Allah has brought them into it and gathered them therein to taste the punishment they used to deny in the world. 97 00:09:03,389 --> 00:09:08,830 “So glory be to Allah when ye enter the night and when ye enter the morning -” (30:17) 98 00:09:09,309 --> 00:09:16,269 “Unto Him be praise in the heavens and the earth! - and at the sun's decline and in the noonday.” (30:18) 99 00:09:17,610 --> 00:09:24,009 So glorify Allah when you reach the evening, which is the Maghrib prayer, and when you reach the morning. 100 00:09:24,490 --> 00:09:32,409 Which is the Fajr prayer; and to Him belongs all praise from all His creation in the heavens, from its inhabitants among the angels. 101 00:09:32,970 --> 00:09:39,450 And on the earth from its inhabitants; and glorify Him also in the late afternoon, which is the Asr prayer. 102 00:09:40,169 --> 00:09:42,649 And when you enter the time of Dhuhr. 103 00:09:44,169 --> 00:09:49,450 He brings the living out of the dead and brings the dead out of the living. 104 00:09:49,929 --> 00:09:55,850 “He bringeth forth the living from the dead, and He bringeth forth the dead from the living, and He reviveth the earth after her death. And even so will ye be brought forth.” (30:19) 105 00:09:56,330 --> 00:09:59,129 And likewise, you will be brought forth. 106 00:10:00,460 --> 00:10:04,460 Allah is the One who brings the living human out of the dead fluid. 107 00:10:05,100 --> 00:10:08,299 And brings the dead fluid out of the living human. 108 00:10:08,860 --> 00:10:12,940 And He gives life to the earth, bringing forth its vegetation after its barrenness. 109 00:10:13,580 --> 00:10:15,899 And just as He gives life to the earth after its death. 110 00:10:15,899 --> 00:10:21,100 Likewise, He will give you life after your death and bring you forth alive. 111 00:10:21,100 --> 00:10:38,639 “And of His signs is this: He created you of dust, and behold you human beings, ranging widely!” (30:20) 112 00:10:38,639 --> 00:10:50,500 Among His proofs that He is capable of whatever He wills—of creating, annihilating, bringing into existence, and rendering non-existent, and that every existing thing is His creation. 113 00:10:50,500 --> 00:11:00,500 Is the creation of your father Adam from dust, then you, the offspring of whom He created from dust, are human beings spreading about. 114 00:11:01,950 --> 00:11:25,950 “And of His signs is this: He created for you helpmeets from yourselves that ye might find rest in them, and He ordained between you love and mercy. Lo! herein indeed are portents for folk who reflect.” (30:21) 115 00:11:25,950 --> 00:11:46,750 Among His proofs and evidence for that also is His creation for your father Adam, from himself, a mate so that he might find tranquility in her, and He placed between you, through marriage and kinship, affection by which you love one another and maintain ties, and mercy by which He shows you mercy. 116 00:11:46,750 --> 00:12:01,879 So you show compassion to one another through that; indeed, in His doing that are signs and lessons for a people who reflect upon the proofs of Allah, so they know that He is the God whom nothing He wills can frustrate. 117 00:12:01,879 --> 00:12:16,519 “And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the difference of your languages and colours. Lo! herein indeed are portents for men of knowledge.” (30:22) 118 00:12:17,519 --> 00:12:30,320 Among His proofs and evidence also that nothing can frustrate Him is His creation of the heavens and the earth by His power, which nothing He wills can resist. 119 00:12:30,320 --> 00:12:50,320 And the difference in the speech of your tongues and their languages, and the difference in the colors of your bodies; indeed, in His doing that are also signs and evidence for His creation who understand that it does not weary Him to restore them to the state they were in before their death. 120 00:12:50,320 --> 00:13:09,080 “And of His signs is your slumber by night and by day, and your seeking of His bounty. Lo! herein indeed are portents for folk who heed.” (30:23) 121 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:22,850 Among His proofs against you, O people, is His ordaining of the hours and times, and His alternation between the night and the day; He made the night for you as a dwelling in which you rest. 122 00:13:22,850 --> 00:13:43,850 And He made the day illuminating for your movement in your livelihoods and your seeking therein of the provision of your Lord; indeed, in Allah’s doing that are signs and a reminder that the Doer of that is not frustrated by anything He wills, for a people who hear the exhortations of Allah and take heed of them. 123 00:13:43,850 --> 00:14:12,909 “And of His signs is this: He showeth you the lightning for a fear and for a hope, and sendeth down water from the sky, and thereby quickeneth the earth after her death. Lo! herein indeed are portents for folk who understand.” (30:24) 124 00:14:12,909 --> 00:14:28,679 Among His proofs, He shows you the lightning, causing fear for you if you are travelers, so you are harmed by it, and hope for you if you are residents, so you are revived and prosper. 125 00:14:28,679 --> 00:14:43,679 And He sends down rain from the sky, giving life to the dead earth, so it grows and brings forth its vegetation; indeed, in His doing that are signs and evidence for a people who understand the proofs and evidence of Allah. 126 00:14:43,679 --> 00:15:01,250 “And of His signs is this: The heavens and the earth stand fast by His command, and afterward, when He calleth you, lo! from the earth ye will emerge.” (30:25) 127 00:15:02,919 --> 00:15:23,500 Among His proofs, O people, of His power over what He wills is the standing of the heavens and the earth by His command, in submission to Him through obedience, without pillars that you see; then you emerge from the earth when He calls you with a single call, responding to His summons to you. 128 00:15:23,500 --> 00:15:30,500 “Unto Him belongeth whosoever is in the heavens and the earth. All are obedient unto Him.” (30:26) 129 00:15:30,500 --> 00:15:46,039 And to Him belongs whoever is in the heavens and the earth, from angels, jinn, and humans; everyone in the heavens and the earth is a creation of Allah, obedient to Him in His movement regarding what He, the Exalted, wills of life and death. 130 00:15:46,039 --> 00:16:02,399 “He it is Who produceth creation, then reproduceth it, and it is easier for Him. His is the Sublime Similitude in the heavens and the earth. He is the Mighty, the Wise.” (30:27) 131 00:16:03,399 --> 00:16:19,259 And He who possesses these attributes is the One who begins creation without a precedent, then He recreates it just as He began it, and recreating it is easier for Allah than beginning it, and everything is easy for Allah. 132 00:16:19,259 --> 00:16:38,259 And to Allah belongs the highest attribute in the heavens and the earth, which is that there is no god but Him alone, with no partner, and there is nothing like unto Him; that is the highest attribute, and He is the Exalted in Might in His retribution against His enemies, the Wise in His management of His creation. 133 00:16:50,159 --> 00:17:12,160 “He coineth for you a similitude of yourselves. Have ye, from among those whom your right hands possess, partners in the wealth We have bestowed upon you, equal with you in respect thereof, so that ye fear them as ye fear each other (that ye ascribe unto Us partners out of that which We created)? Thus We display the revelations for people who have sense.” (30:28) 134 00:17:20,990 --> 00:17:38,990 Do you fear regarding what We have provided you of Our blessings that they are equal, and you fear that they might share with you that wealth which is between you and them, just as you fear one another that he might share with him the wealth that is between them as a partnership? 135 00:17:38,990 --> 00:18:01,990 The fear which He, the Exalted, mentioned—that it is a fear like the fear a partner has of his partner sharing the wealth that is between them—is more likely than it being a fear that they might inherit from him, for the mention of partnership does not indicate a fear of inheritance, but it may indicate a fear of separation and division. 136 00:18:01,990 --> 00:18:18,079 Just as We have explained to you, O people, Our proofs in these verses regarding Our power over what We will, likewise We explain Our proofs in every truth for a people who understand, so they reflect upon them and take heed. 137 00:18:18,079 --> 00:18:36,680 “Nay, but those who do wrong follow their own lusts without knowledge. Who is able to guide him whom Allah hath sent astray? For such there are no helpers.” (30:29) 138 00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:55,680 It is not so, nor did these polytheists associate partners because they have partners in what Allah has provided them of their wealth, such that they and their slaves are equal in it, fearing that they might share it with them, so they were content for Allah with what they were content with for themselves. 139 00:18:55,680 --> 00:19:15,480 But those who wronged themselves followed their own desires and associated idols in His worship; so who can guide to Islam one whom Allah has led astray from the straight path? And those whom Allah leads astray have no helpers to help them and save them from misguidance. 140 00:19:15,480 --> 00:19:36,480 “So set thy purpose (O Muhammad) for religion as a man by nature upright - the nature (framed) of Allah, in which He hath created man. There is no altering (the laws of) Allah's creation. That is the right religion, but most men know not -” (30:30) 141 00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:53,160 So set your face toward the direction to which your Lord has directed you, O Muhammad, in obedience to Him, upright in His religion and His obedience; it is the nature of Allah upon which He created the people; there is no changing the religion of Allah. 142 00:19:53,160 --> 00:20:02,160 Indeed, your setting your face toward the religion, inclining toward truth, neither changing nor altering, is the straight religion in which there is no crookedness. 143 00:20:02,160 --> 00:20:16,160 But most people do not know that the religion which I have commanded you, O Muhammad, by My saying, "So set your face toward the religion, inclining toward truth," is the true religion, to the exclusion of all other religions. 144 00:20:16,160 --> 00:20:22,039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.