In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation
It was summarized by Dr. Aqeel bin Salem Al-Shammari
Surat Al-Rum
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
A thousand no min
The Romans were defeated
In the lowest part of the earth, and after their defeat they will be defeated
In a few years
To God belongs the matter before and after
On that day the believers will rejoice
With God's help
He supports whomever He wills
He is the Mighty, the Most Merciful
A thousand no min
Persia defeated the Romans
In the lowest ground
From the land of the Levant to the land of Persia
And the Romans, after Persia defeated them, will defeat Persia
In a few years
To God belongs the matter before they defeated Persia and after they defeated it
And the day the Romans defeat the Persians
Believers in God and His Messenger rejoice in God’s victory over the polytheists
And the victory of the Romans over Persia
God grants victory to whomever He wills of His creation over whomever He wills
God is severe in His revenge on His enemies
Most Merciful to those of His creation who repent
God's promise God does not break His promise, but most people do not know
God promised that the Romans would defeat Persia after Persia defeated them
God promised that to the believers
God does not break his promise to them
Because there is no successor in his appointments
But most of the Quraysh are those who deny that God fulfilled His promise to the believers
They don't know that it is
They know what is apparent from the life of this world, but they are heedless of the Hereafter
These liars know the truth about God's news
The Romans will defeat Persia, evident from their worldly life
And managing their livelihood and what works for them
They are concerned about their afterlife and that they will not be able to escape from God’s punishment
Heedless people don't think about it
Did they not think about themselves?
God did not create the heavens and the earth and all that is between them except with truth and for a specified term
Indeed, many people are disbelievers in meeting their Lord
Didn't these people who deny the resurrection think about God's creation of them?
And He created them and they were nothing
Then he sent them away in different ways until they became men
So they know that the one who did that is able to restore them as a new creation after their annihilation
God did not create the heavens and the earth and everything between them except with justice
For a specified period of time
If you reach that time, all of that will be cancelled
Indeed, many people deny the meeting with their Lord
Have they not traveled through the land and seen what was the end of those before them?
They were more powerful than them, and they influenced the land and inhabited it more than they inhabited it
Their messengers came to them with clear proofs
It was not God who wronged them, but they wronged themselves
Didn't these people who deny God walk in the country?
They look at the traces of God in the lying nations before them
What was the consequence of her disbelief in her messengers?
They were stronger than them
They dug up the land, plowed it, and built it longer than these people did
So God destroyed them because of their disbelief and their denial of their messengers
When their messengers came to them with clear signs, they rejected them
So God made them miserable
God would not have wronged them by punishing them for denying His Messengers
But they were wronging themselves by disobeying their Lord
Then the evil outcome of those who did evil was that they denied the verses of God and mocked them
Then it was the last matter of those who disbelieved among those who cultivated the earth and populated it
They were offended by that
A trait that is worse than their action
As for this world, there is destruction and destruction
As for the afterlife, it is hell
They do not come out of it, nor do they seek refuge
Because they denied the signs of God in this world
And they mocked the arguments of God, and they were His prophets and messengers
God begins creation, then He repeats it, and then to Him you will be returned
God Almighty initiates the creation of all creation
Created it alone
Then He will restore it as a new creation after its annihilation and execution
Then they will be gathered to Him to decide between them
And on the day the Hour comes, the criminals will go crazy
And the day will come when God will separate His creation
Those who associate others with God despair, become depressed, and regret
And they had no intercessors among their partners, and they were disbelievers in their partners
These criminals had no partners who were following them in the misguidance they called them to
Intercessors who intercede for them with God and save them from His torment
And they, along with their partners in misguidance, were disbelievers
They deny their mandate and disavow them
And on the day the Hour comes, that day they will disperse
As for those who believe and do righteous deeds, they will be in a garden of redemption
And on the day the Hour comes, the people of faith in God and the people of disbelief in Him will disperse
As for those who believe in God and His Messenger and do what God has commanded them
They find joy in the winds and the winding plants and among the types of flowers in Paradise
They enjoy listening and enjoying a comfortable life
As for those who disbelieve and deny Our signs and the meeting with the transgressors, they will be brought to the torment
As for those who denied the monotheism of God and denied His messengers, those will be brought to the punishment of God
God has brought them to it and gathered them in it so that they may taste the torment that they denied in this world
Glory be to God when you touch and when you wake up
To Him belongs praise in the heavens and the earth and in the evening and when you appear
Pray to God in the evening, and that is the Maghrib prayer and in the morning
That is the morning prayer, and to Him is praise from all His creation in the heavens, from among its angelic inhabitants
And in the land of its people, they also glorified Him in the evening, and that is the afternoon prayer
When you enter at noon time
The living comes out of the dead and the dead comes out of the living
He brings the dead out of the living and revives the earth after its death
And so do you go out
God who brings living man out of dead water
Dead water comes out of a living person
He revives the earth and brings forth its crops after its devastation
Just as He revives the earth after its death
Thus He will revive you after your death and bring you out alive
Among His signs is that He created you from dust, and then, behold, you were human beings spreading around
Among his arguments is that He is capable of whatever He wants of creation, annihilation, creation, and destruction, and that He created everything that exists
Your father Adam was created from the dust, then you, the descendants of those whom We created from the dust of human beings, behave
Among His signs is that He created for you mates from among yourselves that you may find tranquility in them, and He placed between you affection and mercy. Indeed, in that are signs for those who will ponder.
Among His arguments and evidence for this is also that He created for your father Adam a wife from himself so that he could live with her, and He created between you, through marriage and circumcision, an affection by which you would become intimate with each other and communicate for her sake, and a mercy with which he had mercy upon you.
So, in doing so, some of you were kind to each other. Indeed, in his doing that is a lesson and an admonition for a people who remember the arguments of God and know that He is the God who cannot be prevented by anything He intends.
Among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the differences in your tongues and colours. Indeed, in that are signs for the worlds
Among his arguments and evidence also is that nothing is impossible for him. He created the heavens and the earth with His power, with which nothing that He willed is impossible for Him.
And the difference in the logic and language of your tongues and the difference in the colors of your bodies - indeed, in doing so there are lessons and evidence for His creation, who understand that He does not care about returning them to the form they were in before their death.
Among His signs are your sleep by night and day and your seeking of His bounty. Indeed, in that are signs for a people who listen.
Among his arguments against you, O people, is his determination of hours and times and his discrepancy between night and day, so he made the night a place for you to rest in.
And make the day bright for your conduct in your livelihood and your adherence to it from the provision of your Lord. Indeed, in God’s doing that is a lesson and a reminder that the one who does that cannot be incapable of anything. He intended it for a people who hear the words of God and are advised by them.
Among His signs is that He shows you the lightning, for fear and hope, and sends down water from the sky and revives the earth therewith after its death. Indeed, in that are signs for a people who understand.
Among his arguments is that he shows you the lightning, out of fear for you if you are traveling, you will fly, and you will be harmed by it, and out of hope for you, if you are at rest, you will fly, and you will live and be fertile.
And He sends down rain from the sky and revives the dead earth, so it dies and brings forth its crops. Indeed, in His action, there are lessons and evidence for a people who understand His arguments and evidence from God.
And among His signs is that the heavens and the earth stand at His command, then when He calls you with a call from the earth, behold, you emerge
And among His proofs, O people, for His ability to do what He wills is the creation of the heavens and the earth at His command, submitting to Him in obedience without intention. You see, then you will emerge from the earth when He calls you with a call, responding to His call for you.
And to Him belongs whoever is in the heavens and the earth, each of whom has a rule
And to Him belongs whoever is in the heavens and the earth, from angels, jinn, and human beings. Everyone in the heavens and earth is a creation of God who is obedient to His disposition regarding what God Almighty intends to mention of life and death.
It is He who initiates creation and then repeats it, and it is easier for Him, and to Him is the highest example in the heavens and the earth, and He is the Mighty, the Wise.
The one who has these qualities is the one who begins creation from without a beginning, then repeats it as he began it, and repeating it is easier for him than starting it, and it is all on God.
And God has the highest ideal in the heavens and the earth, which is that there is no god but Him alone, with no partner, and there is nothing like Him. This is the highest ideal, and He is the Mighty in His revenge on His enemies, the Wise in His management of His creation.
Who are partners in what We have provided for you? In it you are alike. You fear them as you fear yourselves. Thus We detail the signs for a people who understand.
Brothers in what We have given you of Our blessings, they are equal, and in that you fear that they will share with you that money that is between you and them, just as you fear one another that he will share the money between you and them in a company.
The fear that God Almighty mentioned may be a fear of a partner’s fear of sharing the money between them with his partner, more like a fear of him inheriting it, because the mention of partnership does not indicate a fear of inheritance, but it may indicate a fear of separation and division.
Just as we have made clear to you, O people, our arguments in these verses for our ability to do what we want, so we make clear our arguments in every truth for a people who understand and reflect on it and take advice from it.
Rather, those who wronged followed their desires without knowledge, so whoever guides whom Allah will lead astray, and they will have no helpers
This is not the case, and I do not associate these polytheists with others, because they have partners in what God has provided for them of the possession of their right hands, so they and their servants are equal in it, fearing that they will share it with them. They have decreed for God what they have approved for themselves.
But those who wronged themselves followed their desires and associated idols in worshiping Him. So who can be guided to Islam? Whoever leads God astray from righteousness, and whoever God leads astray has no helpers who will help him and save him from going astray.
So set your face toward religion upright, the nature of God upon which He created people. There is no altering of God’s creation. That is the upright religion, but most people do not know.
So direct your face towards the face to which your Lord has directed you, O Muhammad, to obey Him, upright in His religion, and obeying Him is the work of God according to which He created people. There is no change in the religion of God.
Your adherence to the religion is upright and unaltered and unchangeable. It is the straight religion in which there is no crookedness
But most people do not know that the religion that I commanded you, O Muhammad, to follow by saying, “So set your face straight toward the religion uprightly,” is the true religion, apart from all other religions.
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation