1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:08,699 A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah. 2 00:00:08,699 --> 00:00:11,980 The definition of kufr (disbelief). 3 00:00:11,980 --> 00:00:13,980 Kufr in the linguistic sense. 4 00:00:13,980 --> 00:00:15,980 It means to cover and conceal. 5 00:00:15,980 --> 00:00:16,980 It is said, 6 00:00:16,980 --> 00:00:18,980 "The farmer covered the seed," 7 00:00:18,980 --> 00:00:20,980 meaning he covered it with soil. 8 00:00:20,980 --> 00:00:23,050 Likewise, kufr of blessings (ingratitude), 9 00:00:23,050 --> 00:00:25,050 means to deny and conceal them. 10 00:00:25,050 --> 00:00:27,050 The kafir (disbeliever), 11 00:00:27,050 --> 00:00:29,050 is the one who denies the blessings of Allah the Exalted. 12 00:00:29,050 --> 00:00:31,050 Similarly, the word kafir, 13 00:00:31,050 --> 00:00:33,049 refers to the dark night, 14 00:00:33,049 --> 00:00:35,049 because it covers things with its darkness. 15 00:00:35,049 --> 00:00:37,179 As for kufr in the religious sense, 16 00:00:37,179 --> 00:00:39,179 it is the covering of faith. 17 00:00:39,179 --> 00:00:41,179 It is the denial of one, 18 00:00:41,179 --> 00:00:43,179 or more of the pillars of faith, 19 00:00:43,179 --> 00:00:45,179 such as denying the oneness, 20 00:00:45,179 --> 00:00:47,179 of Allah the Almighty, 21 00:00:47,179 --> 00:00:49,179 or denying His angels, 22 00:00:49,179 --> 00:00:51,179 or His scriptures, or any part of them, 23 00:00:51,179 --> 00:00:53,179 even a single verse. 24 00:00:53,179 --> 00:00:55,179 Or denying His messengers, 25 00:00:55,179 --> 00:00:57,179 and calling them liars. 26 00:00:57,179 --> 00:00:59,179 Or denying the Last Day, 27 00:00:59,179 --> 00:01:01,179 or the divine decree (qadar). 28 00:01:01,179 --> 00:01:03,179 Or denying any of the laws of Allah, 29 00:01:03,179 --> 00:01:05,180 or His rites upon which there is consensus, 30 00:01:05,180 --> 00:01:07,239 regarding them. 31 00:01:07,239 --> 00:01:09,239 Kufr is the opposite of faith. 32 00:01:09,239 --> 00:01:11,239 It occurs through the heart, the tongue, 33 00:01:11,239 --> 00:01:13,239 and actions. 34 00:01:13,239 --> 00:01:15,239 Among the types of kufr are also, 35 00:01:15,239 --> 00:01:17,239 beyond the kufr of denial and rejection, 36 00:01:17,239 --> 00:01:19,239 the kufr of refusal and arrogance, 37 00:01:19,239 --> 00:01:21,239 the kufr of declaring the forbidden as lawful (istihlal), 38 00:01:21,239 --> 00:01:23,239 the kufr of mockery, 39 00:01:23,239 --> 00:01:25,239 the kufr of major hypocrisy, 40 00:01:25,239 --> 00:01:27,239 the kufr of desertion (i'rad), 41 00:01:27,239 --> 00:01:29,239 and the kufr of doubt. 42 00:01:29,239 --> 00:01:32,099 Major kufr, 43 00:01:32,099 --> 00:01:34,099 and minor kufr. 44 00:01:34,099 --> 00:01:37,000 Major kufr, 45 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:39,000 is that which expels one from the fold of Islam, 46 00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:41,000 like the types mentioned, 47 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:43,000 in the previous concept. 48 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:45,000 It contradicts the very essence of faith. 49 00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:47,000 Therefore, Allah does not forgive it, 50 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:49,000 except through repentance. 51 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:51,000 Its perpetrator will abide eternally, 52 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:53,000 in the Fire on the Day of Resurrection, 53 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:55,349 if he does not repent from it. 54 00:01:55,349 --> 00:01:57,349 Minor kufr, 55 00:01:57,349 --> 00:01:59,349 is that which is termed kufr, 56 00:01:59,349 --> 00:02:01,349 such as committing some, 57 00:02:01,349 --> 00:02:03,349 acts of kufr, 58 00:02:03,349 --> 00:02:05,349 which diminish faith, 59 00:02:05,349 --> 00:02:07,349 but do not nullify it. 60 00:02:07,349 --> 00:02:09,349 Examples include ingratitude for blessings, 61 00:02:09,349 --> 00:02:11,349 fighting a Muslim, 62 00:02:11,349 --> 00:02:13,349 wailing over the dead, 63 00:02:13,349 --> 00:02:15,349 slandering lineages, 64 00:02:15,349 --> 00:02:17,349 minor showing off (riya'), 65 00:02:17,349 --> 00:02:19,349 and swearing by other than Allah. 66 00:02:19,349 --> 00:02:21,349 All these actions, 67 00:02:21,349 --> 00:02:23,349 have been termed kufr in the religious texts. 68 00:02:23,349 --> 00:02:25,349 However, other religious evidences indicate, 69 00:02:25,349 --> 00:02:27,349 that it is not intended to mean, 70 00:02:27,349 --> 00:02:29,349 expulsion from the fold of Islam. 71 00:02:29,349 --> 00:02:31,349 Rather, the one who commits them is considered, 72 00:02:31,349 --> 00:02:33,349 to have committed a grave sin. 73 00:02:33,349 --> 00:02:35,349 Even if he enters the Fire, 74 00:02:35,349 --> 00:02:37,349 because of them, he will not abide therein eternally. 75 00:02:37,349 --> 00:02:39,419 When the term, 76 00:02:39,419 --> 00:02:41,419 "kufr" is used absolutely, 77 00:02:41,419 --> 00:02:43,419 it refers in principle, 78 00:02:43,419 --> 00:02:45,419 to major kufr, 79 00:02:45,419 --> 00:02:47,419 which nullifies all deeds, 80 00:02:47,419 --> 00:02:49,419 and causes its perpetrator to abide eternally in the Fire, 81 00:02:49,419 --> 00:02:51,419 if he dies upon it, 82 00:02:51,419 --> 00:02:53,419 and does not repent from it, 83 00:02:53,419 --> 00:02:55,419 unless the evidences indicate otherwise. 84 00:02:55,419 --> 00:02:57,419 Takfir (declaring someone a disbeliever). 85 00:02:57,419 --> 00:03:00,280 Takfir, 86 00:03:00,280 --> 00:03:03,659 is the judgment, 87 00:03:03,659 --> 00:03:05,659 passed upon a legally responsible person (mukallaf) of kufr, 88 00:03:05,659 --> 00:03:07,659 whether it is original kufr, 89 00:03:07,659 --> 00:03:09,659 like that of a Jew or a Christian, 90 00:03:09,659 --> 00:03:11,659 or if he was a Muslim, 91 00:03:11,659 --> 00:03:13,659 and apostatized from Islam, 92 00:03:13,659 --> 00:03:15,659 by falling into an act of kufr, 93 00:03:15,659 --> 00:03:17,659 among the nullifiers of faith. 94 00:03:17,659 --> 00:03:19,659 Takfir is a right, 95 00:03:19,659 --> 00:03:21,659 belonging to Allah the Exalted. 96 00:03:21,659 --> 00:03:23,659 Personal desires have no place in it, 97 00:03:23,659 --> 00:03:25,659 nor do whims or passions. 98 00:03:25,659 --> 00:03:27,659 It cannot occur except, 99 00:03:27,659 --> 00:03:29,659 by fulfilling its conditions, 100 00:03:29,659 --> 00:03:31,659 and the absence of its impediments, 101 00:03:31,659 --> 00:03:33,659 such as coercion, error, 102 00:03:33,659 --> 00:03:35,659 ignorance, or misinterpretation. 103 00:03:35,659 --> 00:03:37,939 The Ahl al-Sunnah are moderate, 104 00:03:37,939 --> 00:03:39,939 regarding takfir, between the Khawarij, 105 00:03:39,939 --> 00:03:41,939 who declare takfir for every, 106 00:03:41,939 --> 00:03:43,939 sin without regard, 107 00:03:43,939 --> 00:03:45,939 for the conditions and impediments, 108 00:03:45,939 --> 00:03:47,939 and the Murji'ah, 109 00:03:47,939 --> 00:03:49,939 who judge an action as kufr, 110 00:03:49,939 --> 00:03:51,939 but do not declare takfir, 111 00:03:51,939 --> 00:03:53,939 upon the specific individual who committed it, 112 00:03:53,939 --> 00:03:55,939 unless he declares his denial, 113 00:03:55,939 --> 00:03:57,939 and his lawfulness of the act. 114 00:03:57,939 --> 00:03:59,939 For them, there is no kufr of refusal and arrogance, 115 00:03:59,939 --> 00:04:01,939 nor kufr of mockery. 116 00:04:01,939 --> 00:04:03,939 It is sufficient for them, 117 00:04:03,939 --> 00:04:05,939 to utter the two testimonies of faith, 118 00:04:05,939 --> 00:04:07,939 to become a Muslim, 119 00:04:07,939 --> 00:04:09,939 even if he lacks the action, 120 00:04:09,939 --> 00:04:11,939 of the heart and its speech, 121 00:04:11,939 --> 00:04:13,939 and even if he lacks the entire, 122 00:04:13,939 --> 00:04:16,170 genus of action. 123 00:04:16,170 --> 00:04:18,170 Therefore, the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah, 124 00:04:18,170 --> 00:04:20,170 do not declare takfir for every sin. 125 00:04:20,170 --> 00:04:22,170 They only declare takfir, 126 00:04:22,170 --> 00:04:24,170 for the sin which the texts have stated, 127 00:04:24,170 --> 00:04:26,170 is kufr, 128 00:04:26,170 --> 00:04:28,170 such as abandoning prayer entirely, 129 00:04:28,170 --> 00:04:30,170 ruling by other than what Allah has revealed, 130 00:04:30,170 --> 00:04:32,170 insulting the Messenger, 131 00:04:32,170 --> 00:04:34,170 peace be upon him, 132 00:04:34,170 --> 00:04:36,170 or insulting his religion, 133 00:04:36,170 --> 00:04:38,170 and so on. 134 00:04:38,170 --> 00:04:40,170 They do not declare takfir upon a specific individual, 135 00:04:40,170 --> 00:04:42,170 unless the conditions for his takfir are met, 136 00:04:42,170 --> 00:04:44,170 and the impediments are absent. 137 00:04:44,170 --> 00:04:46,170 They do not limit this, 138 00:04:46,170 --> 00:04:48,170 to denial and declaring the forbidden as lawful, 139 00:04:48,170 --> 00:04:50,170 because kufr according to the Ahl al-Sunnah, 140 00:04:50,170 --> 00:04:52,170 involves many matters. 141 00:04:52,170 --> 00:04:54,170 Among them is belief, 142 00:04:54,170 --> 00:04:56,170 such as believing that Allah has an equal, 143 00:04:56,170 --> 00:04:58,170 or a partner in His Lordship, 144 00:04:58,170 --> 00:05:00,170 or His divinity, 145 00:05:00,170 --> 00:05:02,199 or His names and attributes. 146 00:05:02,199 --> 00:05:04,199 Among them is declaring the forbidden as lawful, 147 00:05:04,199 --> 00:05:06,199 for declaring sins as lawful, 148 00:05:06,199 --> 00:05:08,199 is kufr in itself, 149 00:05:08,199 --> 00:05:10,199 even if the one who declares it lawful does not commit them. 150 00:05:10,199 --> 00:05:12,199 Declaring it lawful is not, 151 00:05:12,199 --> 00:05:14,199 a condition for kufr, 152 00:05:14,199 --> 00:05:16,199 except in sins that are, 153 00:05:16,199 --> 00:05:18,199 lesser than kufr and shirk. 154 00:05:18,199 --> 00:05:20,199 As for prostrating to an idol, 155 00:05:20,199 --> 00:05:22,199 or insulting the Messenger, peace be upon him, 156 00:05:22,199 --> 00:05:24,199 it is not required, 157 00:05:24,199 --> 00:05:26,199 to declare the act lawful, 158 00:05:26,199 --> 00:05:28,199 for the perpetrator to be labeled a kafir. 159 00:05:28,199 --> 00:05:30,199 Rather, he is described as such, 160 00:05:30,199 --> 00:05:32,199 by the mere act of doing it, 161 00:05:32,199 --> 00:05:34,199 even if he did not declare it lawful, 162 00:05:34,199 --> 00:05:36,199 provided that the conditions have, 163 00:05:36,199 --> 00:05:38,199 been met and the impediments, 164 00:05:38,199 --> 00:05:40,329 have been absent. 165 00:05:40,329 --> 00:05:42,329 Kufr can occur by the tongue, 166 00:05:42,329 --> 00:05:44,329 such as insulting Allah and His Messenger, 167 00:05:44,329 --> 00:05:46,329 praising shirk, 168 00:05:46,329 --> 00:05:48,329 lampooning the prophets and angels, 169 00:05:48,329 --> 00:05:50,329 or mocking the Shari'ah. 170 00:05:50,329 --> 00:05:52,329 Kufr can also occur, 171 00:05:52,329 --> 00:05:54,329 by action, 172 00:05:54,329 --> 00:05:56,329 such as one who fights the prophets, 173 00:05:56,329 --> 00:05:58,329 supports the disbelievers against the Muslims, 174 00:05:58,329 --> 00:06:00,329 desecrates the Mushaf, 175 00:06:00,329 --> 00:06:02,329 sacrifices to or prostrates, 176 00:06:02,329 --> 00:06:04,329 to other than Allah, or legislates, 177 00:06:04,329 --> 00:06:06,329 besides Allah. 178 00:06:06,329 --> 00:06:08,519 The principles of takfir. 179 00:06:08,519 --> 00:06:11,829 The issue of declaring, 180 00:06:11,829 --> 00:06:13,829 a specific individual a kafir or not, 181 00:06:13,829 --> 00:06:15,829 is a grave matter, 182 00:06:15,829 --> 00:06:17,829 from two perspectives. 183 00:06:17,829 --> 00:06:19,829 The first: 184 00:06:19,829 --> 00:06:21,829 declaring takfir upon a specific individual who does not deserve, 185 00:06:21,829 --> 00:06:23,829 takfir, 186 00:06:23,829 --> 00:06:25,829 based merely on doubts that do not rise, 187 00:06:25,829 --> 00:06:27,959 to the level of certainty in his kufr. 188 00:06:27,959 --> 00:06:29,959 The second: 189 00:06:29,959 --> 00:06:31,959 not declaring takfir upon him despite, 190 00:06:31,959 --> 00:06:33,959 the fulfillment of the conditions and the absence of, 191 00:06:33,959 --> 00:06:35,959 the impediments that would make one certain, 192 00:06:35,959 --> 00:06:37,959 of his kufr and dealing, 193 00:06:37,959 --> 00:06:40,149 with him according to the rulings of Islam. 194 00:06:40,149 --> 00:06:42,149 For declaring takfir upon a specific individual, 195 00:06:42,149 --> 00:06:44,149 there are principles that must be observed, 196 00:06:45,149 --> 00:06:47,149 the most important of which are: 197 00:06:47,149 --> 00:06:49,149 First: 198 00:06:49,149 --> 00:06:51,149 The judgment upon a specific individual must be, 199 00:06:51,149 --> 00:06:53,149 With knowledge and justice. 200 00:06:53,149 --> 00:06:55,149 This is achieved by ensuring that the judgment 201 00:06:55,149 --> 00:06:57,149 regarding whether someone has committed an act of disbelief or not 202 00:06:57,149 --> 00:06:59,149 proceeds from sound religious knowledge 203 00:06:59,149 --> 00:07:01,149 of the rulings of takfir, its parameters, 204 00:07:01,149 --> 00:07:03,149 and its conditions, 205 00:07:03,149 --> 00:07:05,149 as well as a realistic understanding of the specific individual’s situation 206 00:07:05,149 --> 00:07:07,149 who is the subject of the judgment. 207 00:07:07,149 --> 00:07:09,149 One must verify all of this, 208 00:07:09,149 --> 00:07:11,149 and it must not be 209 00:07:11,149 --> 00:07:13,149 based on assumptions and delusions. 210 00:07:14,149 --> 00:07:16,149 Furthermore, the judgment must be rendered 211 00:07:16,149 --> 00:07:18,149 with justice and piety, avoiding caprice, 212 00:07:18,149 --> 00:07:20,149 and protecting the sanctity of the soul. 213 00:07:20,149 --> 00:07:22,149 Allah the Almighty says: 214 00:07:22,149 --> 00:07:24,149 “(O man), follow not that whereof thou hast no knowledge. Lo! the hearing and the sight and the heart - of each of these it will be asked.” (17:36) 215 00:07:24,149 --> 00:07:26,149 [concerning which] he has knowledge. 216 00:07:26,149 --> 00:07:28,149 “(O man), follow not that whereof thou hast no knowledge. Lo! the hearing and the sight and the heart - of each of these it will be asked.” (17:36) 217 00:07:28,149 --> 00:07:30,149 All of those 218 00:07:30,149 --> 00:07:32,149 will be held accountable for it. 219 00:07:32,149 --> 00:07:34,149 And Allah the Almighty says: 220 00:07:34,149 --> 00:07:36,149 "O you who 221 00:07:36,149 --> 00:07:38,149 believe, be persistently standing firm 222 00:07:38,149 --> 00:07:40,149 for Allah, witnesses in justice, 223 00:07:40,149 --> 00:07:42,149 and do not let the hatred 224 00:07:42,149 --> 00:07:44,149 of a people prevent you 225 00:07:44,149 --> 00:07:46,149 from being just." 226 00:07:46,149 --> 00:07:48,149 “O ye who believe! Be steadfast witnesses for Allah in equity, and let not hatred of any people seduce you that ye deal not justly. Deal justly, that is nearer to your duty. Observe your duty to Allah. Lo! Allah is Informed of what ye do.” (5:8) 227 00:07:48,149 --> 00:07:50,149 And fear Allah; 228 00:07:50,149 --> 00:07:52,149 indeed, Allah is Acquainted 229 00:07:52,149 --> 00:07:54,149 with what you do. 230 00:07:54,149 --> 00:07:56,310 Second: 231 00:07:56,310 --> 00:07:58,310 The reference point for defining 232 00:07:58,310 --> 00:08:00,310 faith and disbelief, and what they 233 00:08:00,310 --> 00:08:02,310 entail, must be the clarification provided by Allah 234 00:08:02,310 --> 00:08:04,310 the Almighty in His Book, 235 00:08:04,310 --> 00:08:06,310 and the clarification provided by His Messenger, 236 00:08:06,310 --> 00:08:08,310 peace be upon him, in his Sunnah, 237 00:08:08,310 --> 00:08:10,310 and the understanding of the Companions, 238 00:08:10,310 --> 00:08:12,310 may Allah be pleased with them. 239 00:08:12,310 --> 00:08:14,310 This principle 240 00:08:14,310 --> 00:08:16,310 is a corollary of the one preceding it, 241 00:08:16,310 --> 00:08:18,310 for it is not permissible to delve into matters 242 00:08:18,310 --> 00:08:20,310 of faith and disbelief 243 00:08:20,310 --> 00:08:22,310 except with firm knowledge 244 00:08:22,310 --> 00:08:24,310 of their meanings and boundaries, 245 00:08:24,310 --> 00:08:26,310 according to the understanding of the righteous salaf. 246 00:08:26,310 --> 00:08:28,310 Otherwise, one will fall into the affliction 247 00:08:28,310 --> 00:08:30,310 of the sects of the innovators 248 00:08:30,310 --> 00:08:32,309 regarding the definition of both faith and disbelief, 249 00:08:32,309 --> 00:08:34,309 such as the Khawarij 250 00:08:34,309 --> 00:08:36,539 and the Murji'ah. 251 00:08:36,539 --> 00:08:38,539 Third: Whoever has been established [as a believer], 252 00:08:38,539 --> 00:08:40,539 it is not permissible to expel him from it 253 00:08:40,539 --> 00:08:42,539 except with certainty. 254 00:08:42,539 --> 00:08:44,539 This is subsumed 255 00:08:44,539 --> 00:08:46,539 under the great 256 00:08:46,539 --> 00:08:48,539 legal maxim: 257 00:08:48,539 --> 00:08:50,570 "Certainty is not removed by doubt." 258 00:08:50,570 --> 00:08:52,570 So, that which is established with certainty 259 00:08:52,570 --> 00:08:54,570 as apostasy, 260 00:08:54,570 --> 00:08:56,570 one judges accordingly. 261 00:08:56,570 --> 00:08:58,570 But that which is doubted to be apostasy, 262 00:08:58,570 --> 00:09:00,759 one does not judge accordingly. 263 00:09:00,759 --> 00:09:02,759 Fourth: 264 00:09:02,759 --> 00:09:04,759 Judgments in this world are based on outward appearances, 265 00:09:04,759 --> 00:09:06,759 while Allah takes charge of the inner secrets. 266 00:09:06,759 --> 00:09:08,759 One should not pry into the inner states of people, 267 00:09:08,759 --> 00:09:10,759 as Allah has not commanded us 268 00:09:10,759 --> 00:09:12,759 to do so. 269 00:09:12,759 --> 00:09:14,759 Whoever appears to be a Muslim, 270 00:09:14,759 --> 00:09:16,759 he is judged as such. 271 00:09:16,759 --> 00:09:18,759 And whoever appears to be in contradiction to faith, 272 00:09:18,759 --> 00:09:20,759 he is judged accordingly. 273 00:09:20,759 --> 00:09:22,759 The consideration in this 274 00:09:22,759 --> 00:09:24,759 is the final state of the 275 00:09:24,759 --> 00:09:26,759 accountable person. 276 00:09:26,759 --> 00:09:28,759 The Prophet, peace be upon him, used to 277 00:09:28,759 --> 00:09:30,759 treat people 278 00:09:30,759 --> 00:09:32,759 according to their outward appearance, 279 00:09:32,759 --> 00:09:34,759 accepting the outward Islam of the hypocrites 280 00:09:34,759 --> 00:09:36,759 even though they were disbelievers 281 00:09:36,759 --> 00:09:38,759 in their hearts, 282 00:09:38,759 --> 00:09:40,759 unless this hypocrite manifests 283 00:09:40,759 --> 00:09:42,759 his disbelief in word or deed. 284 00:09:42,759 --> 00:09:44,759 At that point, 285 00:09:44,759 --> 00:09:47,019 he is judged by this outward manifestation. 286 00:09:47,019 --> 00:09:49,139 Fifth: 287 00:09:49,139 --> 00:09:51,139 A general judgment declaring a 288 00:09:51,139 --> 00:09:53,139 statement or action to be disbelief 289 00:09:53,139 --> 00:09:55,139 does not necessitate applying that judgment to a specific individual. 290 00:09:55,139 --> 00:09:57,139 Rather, it is said: 291 00:09:57,139 --> 00:09:59,139 "This statement or action 292 00:09:59,139 --> 00:10:01,139 is disbelief," 293 00:10:01,139 --> 00:10:03,139 but it does not follow that everyone who commits it [is a disbeliever] 294 00:10:03,139 --> 00:10:05,139 until the conditions of takfir are met 295 00:10:05,139 --> 00:10:07,139 and the impediments are removed. 296 00:10:07,139 --> 00:10:09,139 This is an important rule 297 00:10:09,139 --> 00:10:11,139 regarding takfir, declaring someone an innovator, 298 00:10:11,139 --> 00:10:13,139 or declaring them corrupt. 299 00:10:13,139 --> 00:10:15,429 Sixth: 300 00:10:15,429 --> 00:10:17,429 One does not judge a specific individual 301 00:10:17,429 --> 00:10:19,429 by the implications of his speech or action, 302 00:10:19,429 --> 00:10:21,429 nor is he bound by the necessary consequences 303 00:10:21,429 --> 00:10:23,429 of his speech or action, 304 00:10:23,429 --> 00:10:25,429 unless these implications 305 00:10:25,429 --> 00:10:27,429 and consequences are presented to him, 306 00:10:27,429 --> 00:10:29,429 and he accepts and commits to them. 307 00:10:29,429 --> 00:10:31,429 As for if he denies them 308 00:10:31,429 --> 00:10:33,429 when they are presented to him, 309 00:10:33,429 --> 00:10:35,429 then he is not judged as a disbeliever. 310 00:10:35,429 --> 00:10:37,779 Impediments to Takfir 311 00:10:37,779 --> 00:10:41,320 There are impediments 312 00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:43,320 to takfir. 313 00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:45,320 If they are present, or if one of them is present 314 00:10:45,320 --> 00:10:47,320 in a specific person at the time he commits 315 00:10:47,320 --> 00:10:49,320 the act of disbelief, 316 00:10:49,320 --> 00:10:51,320 he is not personally judged as a disbeliever 317 00:10:51,320 --> 00:10:53,320 until they are removed from him 318 00:10:53,320 --> 00:10:55,320 and he persists thereafter in what he 319 00:10:55,320 --> 00:10:57,320 is doing. 320 00:10:57,320 --> 00:10:59,320 The most important of these impediments are: 321 00:10:59,320 --> 00:11:01,320 Error, interpretation, 322 00:11:01,320 --> 00:11:03,320 coercion, and ignorance. 323 00:11:03,320 --> 00:11:05,320 The details of this 324 00:11:05,320 --> 00:11:07,320 are in the following concepts. 325 00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:09,700 Error as an impediment 326 00:11:09,700 --> 00:11:13,370 to takfir: 327 00:11:13,370 --> 00:11:15,370 Error is the opposite of correctness. 328 00:11:15,370 --> 00:11:17,370 The intent is 329 00:11:17,370 --> 00:11:19,370 that a person falls into an act of disbelief 330 00:11:19,370 --> 00:11:21,370 by mistake, not intending what he says 331 00:11:21,370 --> 00:11:23,370 or does, 332 00:11:23,370 --> 00:11:25,370 such as a slip of the tongue that comes out by mistake 333 00:11:25,370 --> 00:11:27,370 in a state of intense emotion, whether from extreme 334 00:11:27,370 --> 00:11:29,370 joy or sadness. 335 00:11:29,370 --> 00:11:31,370 One of the clearest examples of this 336 00:11:31,370 --> 00:11:33,370 is what is mentioned in the hadith about Allah's joy 337 00:11:33,370 --> 00:11:35,370 at the repentance of His servant, 338 00:11:35,370 --> 00:11:37,370 and the illustration of that 339 00:11:37,370 --> 00:11:39,370 by the joy of the one who found his mount 340 00:11:39,370 --> 00:11:41,370 after it was lost in the desert. 341 00:11:41,370 --> 00:11:43,370 He erred due to the intensity of 342 00:11:43,370 --> 00:11:45,370 his joy and said: 343 00:11:45,370 --> 00:11:47,370 "O Allah, You are my servant 344 00:11:47,370 --> 00:11:49,370 and I am Your Lord," while he intended 345 00:11:49,370 --> 00:11:51,370 the opposite. 346 00:11:51,370 --> 00:11:53,370 Such errors occur frequently, 347 00:11:53,370 --> 00:11:55,370 especially among non-Arabs 348 00:11:55,370 --> 00:11:57,370 who do not know the meanings of 349 00:11:57,370 --> 00:11:59,370 Arabic words precisely. 350 00:11:59,370 --> 00:12:01,370 An example of error in actions 351 00:12:01,370 --> 00:12:03,370 is one who insults the Mushaf, 352 00:12:03,370 --> 00:12:05,370 thinking it is another book, 353 00:12:05,370 --> 00:12:07,370 such as a geography book, 354 00:12:07,370 --> 00:12:09,370 for example, or a foreign 355 00:12:09,370 --> 00:12:11,370 dictionary. This person 356 00:12:11,370 --> 00:12:13,370 is excused for his error due to his lack of knowledge 357 00:12:13,370 --> 00:12:15,370 that it is the Qur'an. 358 00:12:15,370 --> 00:12:17,370 Whereas one who insults the Mushaf 359 00:12:17,370 --> 00:12:19,370 while knowing it is a Mushaf, 360 00:12:19,370 --> 00:12:21,370 but says, 361 00:12:21,370 --> 00:12:23,370 "I did not know that 362 00:12:23,370 --> 00:12:25,370 insulting it is disbelief," this person 363 00:12:25,370 --> 00:12:27,370 is not excused because 364 00:12:27,370 --> 00:12:29,370 he insulted it intentionally, 365 00:12:29,370 --> 00:12:31,370 so his ignorance of the ruling does not benefit him. 366 00:12:31,370 --> 00:12:33,370 The most correct 367 00:12:33,370 --> 00:12:35,370 and clearest evidence for the lack of 368 00:12:35,370 --> 00:12:37,370 accountability for error 369 00:12:37,370 --> 00:12:39,370 is that when the Muslims complied 370 00:12:39,370 --> 00:12:41,370 with the saying of Allah the Almighty: 371 00:12:41,370 --> 00:12:43,370 "And whether you disclose what is in your hearts 372 00:12:43,370 --> 00:12:45,370 or conceal it, Allah will bring you to account 373 00:12:45,370 --> 00:12:47,370 for it," 374 00:12:47,370 --> 00:12:49,370 then He forgives whom He wills 375 00:12:49,370 --> 00:12:51,370 and punishes whom He wills, 376 00:12:51,370 --> 00:12:53,370 and Allah is over 377 00:12:53,370 --> 00:12:55,370 all things competent. 378 00:12:55,370 --> 00:12:57,370 And they said: 379 00:12:57,370 --> 00:12:59,370 "We hear and we obey. 380 00:12:59,370 --> 00:13:01,370 [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, 381 00:13:01,370 --> 00:13:03,370 and to You is the final destination." 382 00:13:03,370 --> 00:13:05,370 Allah the Almighty abrogated 383 00:13:05,370 --> 00:13:07,370 this ruling with His saying: 384 00:13:07,370 --> 00:13:09,370 "Allah does not charge a soul 385 00:13:09,370 --> 00:13:11,370 except [with that within] its capacity." 386 00:13:11,370 --> 00:13:13,370 “Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286) 387 00:13:13,370 --> 00:13:15,370 [It will have] what it has earned. 388 00:13:15,370 --> 00:13:17,370 "Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us 389 00:13:17,370 --> 00:13:19,370 “Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286) 390 00:13:19,370 --> 00:13:21,370 “Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286) 391 00:13:21,370 --> 00:13:23,370 as You laid upon those before us. 392 00:13:23,370 --> 00:13:25,370 Our Lord, and burden us not 393 00:13:25,370 --> 00:13:27,370 with that [which we have no strength to bear]. 394 00:13:27,370 --> 00:13:29,370 “Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286) 395 00:13:29,370 --> 00:13:31,370 And pardon us, 396 00:13:31,370 --> 00:13:33,370 and forgive us, and have mercy upon us." 397 00:13:33,370 --> 00:13:35,429 And from the Prophet, peace be upon him, 398 00:13:35,429 --> 00:13:37,429 [it is narrated] that Allah the Almighty, 399 00:13:37,429 --> 00:13:39,429 after the saying: 400 00:13:39,429 --> 00:13:41,429 "Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us," 401 00:13:41,429 --> 00:13:43,429 “Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286) 402 00:13:43,429 --> 00:13:45,429 said: "Yes." 403 00:13:45,429 --> 00:13:47,529 Narrated by Muslim in a 404 00:13:47,529 --> 00:13:49,529 long hadith. 405 00:13:49,529 --> 00:13:51,879 Misinterpretation as a barrier 406 00:13:51,879 --> 00:13:54,679 to declaring someone an unbeliever (takfir). 407 00:13:54,679 --> 00:13:56,679 The intended meaning of this 408 00:13:56,679 --> 00:13:58,679 is misinterpretation in understanding the texts of the two Revelations, 409 00:13:58,679 --> 00:14:00,679 based on an understanding that contradicts the understanding of 410 00:14:00,679 --> 00:14:02,679 the salaf and the principles of the Shari'ah. 411 00:14:02,679 --> 00:14:04,679 A person in such a state is excused 412 00:14:04,679 --> 00:14:06,679 until it is clarified to him 413 00:14:06,679 --> 00:14:08,679 that his understanding is erroneous. 414 00:14:08,679 --> 00:14:10,679 Thereafter, he is no longer excused 415 00:14:10,679 --> 00:14:12,710 if he persists in his erroneous interpretation. 416 00:14:12,710 --> 00:14:14,710 This is like someone who misinterprets the saying of Allah the Exalted: 417 00:14:14,710 --> 00:14:16,710 "There is no blame upon those 418 00:14:16,710 --> 00:14:18,710 who believe and do righteous deeds 419 00:14:18,710 --> 00:14:20,710 for what they have eaten [in the past], 420 00:14:20,710 --> 00:14:22,710 if they [now] fear Allah and believe 421 00:14:22,710 --> 00:14:24,710 and do righteous deeds, 422 00:14:24,710 --> 00:14:26,710 and then fear Allah and believe, 423 00:14:26,710 --> 00:14:28,710 and then fear Allah and do good; 424 00:14:28,710 --> 00:14:30,710 and Allah loves the doers of good." 425 00:14:30,710 --> 00:14:32,710 [He interprets this to mean] that whoever believes, fears Allah, 426 00:14:32,710 --> 00:14:34,710 does righteous deeds, 427 00:14:34,710 --> 00:14:36,710 and does good, 428 00:14:36,710 --> 00:14:38,710 then there is no sin upon him in drinking wine. 429 00:14:38,710 --> 00:14:40,710 Such a person is not declared an unbeliever 430 00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:42,710 for deeming wine lawful, 431 00:14:42,710 --> 00:14:44,710 due to his corrupt interpretation. 432 00:14:44,710 --> 00:14:46,710 Rather, the error 433 00:14:46,710 --> 00:14:48,710 and corruption of this interpretation must be clarified to him. 434 00:14:48,710 --> 00:14:50,710 He is not declared an unbeliever for his invalid interpretation 435 00:14:50,710 --> 00:14:52,710 after it has been clarified to him; 436 00:14:52,710 --> 00:14:54,809 for he is not excused thereafter. 437 00:14:54,809 --> 00:14:56,809 The interpretation that serves 438 00:14:56,809 --> 00:14:58,809 as a barrier to declaring a specific individual an unbeliever, 439 00:14:58,809 --> 00:15:00,809 until his misconception is removed, 440 00:15:00,809 --> 00:15:02,809 is the interpretation that does not lead 441 00:15:02,809 --> 00:15:04,809 to the nullification of the Shari'ah, 442 00:15:04,809 --> 00:15:06,809 or to falling into manifest polytheism (shirk), 443 00:15:06,809 --> 00:15:08,809 or to involving 444 00:15:08,809 --> 00:15:10,809 the denial of what was brought by 445 00:15:10,809 --> 00:15:12,809 the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 446 00:15:12,809 --> 00:15:14,809 or the rejection of a fundamental principle 447 00:15:14,809 --> 00:15:16,809 without which the religion cannot stand. 448 00:15:16,809 --> 00:15:18,809 [This excludes] the interpretations of the Batiniyyah, 449 00:15:18,809 --> 00:15:20,809 the heretics (zanadiqa), and the philosophers, 450 00:15:20,809 --> 00:15:22,809 which involve atheism, 451 00:15:22,809 --> 00:15:24,809 disbelief in the Last Day, 452 00:15:24,809 --> 00:15:26,809 the nullification of the rulings of the Shari'ah, 453 00:15:26,809 --> 00:15:28,809 the abandonment of religious obligations, 454 00:15:28,809 --> 00:15:30,809 and the deeming of forbidden things as lawful. 455 00:15:33,259 --> 00:15:36,379 Coercion as a barrier to takfir. 456 00:15:36,379 --> 00:15:38,379 Coercion (ikrah) 457 00:15:38,379 --> 00:15:40,379 is the forcing of another person against their will 458 00:15:40,379 --> 00:15:42,379 to perform an act or utter a statement 459 00:15:42,379 --> 00:15:44,379 that contradicts their consent and choice, 460 00:15:44,379 --> 00:15:46,379 and compelling them to do what they do not desire. 461 00:15:46,379 --> 00:15:48,379 This is considered valid by 462 00:15:48,379 --> 00:15:50,379 the consensus of the scholars 463 00:15:50,379 --> 00:15:52,379 when applying legal rulings, 464 00:15:52,379 --> 00:15:54,379 even if they differ regarding its forms 465 00:15:54,379 --> 00:15:56,379 and the ruling for each form, 466 00:15:56,379 --> 00:15:58,379 and the conditions of valid coercion. 467 00:15:58,379 --> 00:16:00,379 The basis for this is the saying of Allah the Exalted: 468 00:16:00,379 --> 00:16:02,379 "Whoever disbelieves in Allah 469 00:16:02,379 --> 00:16:04,379 after his belief, 470 00:16:04,379 --> 00:16:06,379 except for one who is forced [to do so] 471 00:16:06,379 --> 00:16:08,379 while his heart is secure 472 00:16:08,379 --> 00:16:10,379 in faith." 473 00:16:10,379 --> 00:16:12,379 “Whoso disbelieveth in Allah after his belief - save him who is forced thereto and whose heart is still content with the Faith - but whoso findeth ease in disbelief: On them is wrath from Allah. Theirs will be an awful doom.” (16:106) 474 00:16:12,379 --> 00:16:14,379 [Those who are forced] are those upon whom 475 00:16:14,379 --> 00:16:16,379 [the wrath] of Allah [falls], 476 00:16:16,379 --> 00:16:18,500 and for them is a great punishment. 477 00:16:18,500 --> 00:16:20,500 The scholars have established 478 00:16:20,500 --> 00:16:22,500 conditions for the coercion that 479 00:16:22,500 --> 00:16:24,500 excuses the one who commits it. 480 00:16:24,500 --> 00:16:26,500 The most important of these are: First, 481 00:16:26,500 --> 00:16:28,500 that the coercer be capable 482 00:16:28,500 --> 00:16:30,500 of carrying out his threat 483 00:16:30,500 --> 00:16:32,500 against the coerced person. Second, 484 00:16:32,500 --> 00:16:34,500 that the coerced person be unable 485 00:16:34,500 --> 00:16:36,500 to defend himself by any means. 486 00:16:36,500 --> 00:16:38,570 Third, 487 00:16:38,570 --> 00:16:40,570 that it is highly probable to the 488 00:16:40,570 --> 00:16:42,570 coerced person that the threat will be carried out 489 00:16:42,570 --> 00:16:44,570 if he does not do what is demanded of him. 490 00:16:44,570 --> 00:16:46,820 Fourth, 491 00:16:46,820 --> 00:16:48,820 that the harm resulting 492 00:16:48,820 --> 00:16:50,820 from the coercion to commit disbelief 493 00:16:50,820 --> 00:16:52,820 be great and unbearable, 494 00:16:52,820 --> 00:16:54,820 such as killing, torture, 495 00:16:54,820 --> 00:16:57,110 or long-term imprisonment. 496 00:16:57,110 --> 00:16:59,110 Fifth, 497 00:16:59,110 --> 00:17:01,110 that the coerced person not be an Imam 498 00:17:01,110 --> 00:17:03,110 followed by the Ummah; 499 00:17:03,110 --> 00:17:05,109 for in such a case, he must show patience, 500 00:17:05,109 --> 00:17:07,109 so that he does not lead the people astray. 501 00:17:07,109 --> 00:17:09,430 Ignorance 502 00:17:09,430 --> 00:17:11,430 and the failure of the legal address to reach a person 503 00:17:11,430 --> 00:17:13,430 are two barriers to takfir. 504 00:17:13,430 --> 00:17:16,619 Ignorance comes in several meanings, 505 00:17:16,619 --> 00:17:18,619 among them: 506 00:17:18,619 --> 00:17:20,619 the absence of knowledge in the soul, 507 00:17:20,619 --> 00:17:22,619 which is what is intended here; 508 00:17:22,619 --> 00:17:24,619 and believing something to be contrary 509 00:17:24,619 --> 00:17:26,619 to what it actually is. 510 00:17:26,619 --> 00:17:28,619 Whoever falls into a prohibition or violation, 511 00:17:28,619 --> 00:17:30,619 whether it be disbelief, 512 00:17:30,619 --> 00:17:32,619 innovation, or immorality, 513 00:17:32,619 --> 00:17:34,619 due to the non-arrival of 514 00:17:34,619 --> 00:17:36,619 the legal address to him and his ignorance of it, 515 00:17:36,619 --> 00:17:38,619 then he shall not be subject to 516 00:17:38,619 --> 00:17:40,619 the threat in this world or in the 517 00:17:40,619 --> 00:17:42,619 Hereafter, which is promised to 518 00:17:42,619 --> 00:17:44,619 the perpetrator of the violation, 519 00:17:44,619 --> 00:17:46,619 nor shall he be judged by it 520 00:17:46,619 --> 00:17:48,619 until the knowledge reaches him 521 00:17:48,619 --> 00:17:50,619 by which the proof is established against him. 522 00:17:50,619 --> 00:17:52,619 This is the general rule. 523 00:17:52,619 --> 00:17:54,619 As for the details of this, 524 00:17:54,619 --> 00:17:56,619 Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him, says: 525 00:17:56,619 --> 00:17:58,619 "This applies to 526 00:17:58,619 --> 00:18:00,619 the rulings of reward and punishment. 527 00:18:00,619 --> 00:18:02,619 As for the rulings of this world, 528 00:18:02,619 --> 00:18:04,619 they proceed according to 529 00:18:04,619 --> 00:18:06,619 the outward appearance. 530 00:18:06,619 --> 00:18:08,619 Thus, the children of the unbelievers and their insane, 531 00:18:08,619 --> 00:18:10,619 [they are treated as] unbelievers in the rulings of this world; 532 00:18:10,619 --> 00:18:12,619 they have the same status as their guardians." 533 00:18:12,619 --> 00:18:14,619 His words end here. 534 00:18:14,619 --> 00:18:16,740 Similarly, 535 00:18:16,740 --> 00:18:18,740 whoever falls into manifest shirk, 536 00:18:18,740 --> 00:18:20,740 such as prostrating to an idol, 537 00:18:20,740 --> 00:18:22,740 or slaughtering and making vows to other than Allah 538 00:18:22,740 --> 00:18:24,740 the Exalted, he is considered 539 00:18:24,740 --> 00:18:26,740 a polytheist in the rulings of 540 00:18:26,740 --> 00:18:28,740 this world. As for the punishments 541 00:18:28,740 --> 00:18:30,740 of this world and the Hereafter, 542 00:18:30,740 --> 00:18:32,740 they do not befall him except 543 00:18:32,740 --> 00:18:34,740 after the removal of ignorance 544 00:18:34,740 --> 00:18:36,740 and the establishment of the proof. 545 00:18:36,740 --> 00:18:38,740 "And never would We 546 00:18:38,740 --> 00:18:40,740 punish until 547 00:18:40,740 --> 00:18:42,740 We sent a messenger." 548 00:18:42,740 --> 00:18:44,839 Punishment is deserved 549 00:18:44,839 --> 00:18:46,839 for two reasons: one of 550 00:18:46,839 --> 00:18:48,839 them is turning away from the proof 551 00:18:48,839 --> 00:18:50,839 and from seeking it, or acting 552 00:18:50,839 --> 00:18:52,839 upon it and its requirements. 553 00:18:52,839 --> 00:18:54,839 The second is obstinacy against the 554 00:18:54,839 --> 00:18:56,839 proof and refusing to act 555 00:18:56,839 --> 00:18:58,839 upon it after knowing it 556 00:18:58,839 --> 00:19:00,839 and its establishment against the obstinate one. 557 00:19:00,839 --> 00:19:02,839 The first is the disbelief of 558 00:19:02,839 --> 00:19:04,839 turning away, and the second is 559 00:19:04,839 --> 00:19:06,839 the disbelief of obstinacy and arrogance. 560 00:19:06,839 --> 00:19:08,839 As for falling into disbelief 561 00:19:08,839 --> 00:19:10,839 due to ignorance and the non-establishment of the 562 00:19:10,839 --> 00:19:12,839 proof, or the inability 563 00:19:12,839 --> 00:19:14,839 to access it, this is 564 00:19:14,839 --> 00:19:16,839 what Allah has negated for its possessor: 565 00:19:16,839 --> 00:19:18,839 punishment until the 566 00:19:18,839 --> 00:19:21,509 proof of the messengers is established. 567 00:19:21,509 --> 00:19:23,509 The establishment of the proof: 568 00:19:23,509 --> 00:19:26,859 The establishment of the proof differs 569 00:19:26,859 --> 00:19:28,859 according to different times, places, 570 00:19:28,859 --> 00:19:30,859 and individuals. 571 00:19:30,859 --> 00:19:32,859 The proof may be established against the unbelievers 572 00:19:32,859 --> 00:19:34,859 in one time and not another, 573 00:19:34,859 --> 00:19:36,859 or in one place and not another. 574 00:19:36,859 --> 00:19:38,859 Just as it is established 575 00:19:38,859 --> 00:19:40,859 against one person and not another, 576 00:19:40,859 --> 00:19:42,859 either due to a lack of intellect and discernment, 577 00:19:42,859 --> 00:19:44,859 like a child or the insane, 578 00:19:44,859 --> 00:19:46,859 or due to a lack of understanding, 579 00:19:46,859 --> 00:19:48,859 like a non-Arab who does not 580 00:19:48,859 --> 00:19:50,859 understand the address 581 00:19:50,859 --> 00:19:52,859 and there is no translator to translate for him. 582 00:19:52,859 --> 00:19:54,859 Such a person is in the position of 583 00:19:54,859 --> 00:19:56,859 the deaf person who hears 584 00:19:56,859 --> 00:19:58,859 nothing and is unable to understand. 585 00:19:58,859 --> 00:20:01,049 The ignorance for which 586 00:20:01,049 --> 00:20:03,049 a person is excused is that 587 00:20:03,049 --> 00:20:05,049 which he is unable to remove 588 00:20:05,049 --> 00:20:07,049 and is incapable of overcoming. 589 00:20:07,049 --> 00:20:09,049 Otherwise, whenever it is possible for a person 590 00:20:09,049 --> 00:20:11,049 to know the truth, 591 00:20:11,049 --> 00:20:13,049 yet he is negligent or turns away from it, 592 00:20:13,049 --> 00:20:15,049 then at that point, 593 00:20:15,049 --> 00:20:17,049 the sin of negligence and turning away attaches to him. 594 00:20:19,660 --> 00:20:21,660 The different states of ignorance: 595 00:20:21,660 --> 00:20:24,579 For ignorance 596 00:20:24,579 --> 00:20:26,579 of legal rulings and issues, 597 00:20:26,579 --> 00:20:28,579 there are states 598 00:20:28,579 --> 00:20:30,579 that can be summarized as follows: 599 00:20:30,579 --> 00:20:32,579 First: 600 00:20:32,579 --> 00:20:34,579 Is ignorance of the prohibition of something 601 00:20:34,579 --> 00:20:36,579 whose prohibition is definitive [an excuse]? 602 00:20:36,579 --> 00:20:38,579 As happens with one who is a new 603 00:20:38,579 --> 00:20:40,579 convert to Islam, or one who is 604 00:20:40,579 --> 00:20:42,579 in a remote desert, far 605 00:20:42,579 --> 00:20:44,579 from knowledge and its people, 606 00:20:44,579 --> 00:20:46,579 then someone like this is excused for 607 00:20:46,579 --> 00:20:48,579 deeming this forbidden act permissible 608 00:20:48,579 --> 00:20:50,579 until it is clarified to him and the proof 609 00:20:50,579 --> 00:20:52,579 is established against him, and he learns 610 00:20:52,579 --> 00:20:54,579 of its prohibition; and this excuse 611 00:20:54,579 --> 00:20:56,579 removes from him the punishment of this world 612 00:20:56,579 --> 00:20:58,579 and the Hereafter, and prevents 613 00:20:58,579 --> 00:21:00,579 the ruling of his disbelief, 614 00:21:00,579 --> 00:21:02,579 firstly, until he knows its prohibition 615 00:21:02,579 --> 00:21:04,579 and the proof is established against him. 616 00:21:04,579 --> 00:21:06,579 If he persists thereafter 617 00:21:06,579 --> 00:21:08,579 in deeming the forbidden act permissible, 618 00:21:08,579 --> 00:21:10,579 he is then judged 619 00:21:10,579 --> 00:21:12,970 to be a disbeliever. 620 00:21:12,970 --> 00:21:14,970 Secondly: 621 00:21:14,970 --> 00:21:16,970 that the ignorance concerns obscure matters 622 00:21:16,970 --> 00:21:18,970 in creed and the fundamentals 623 00:21:18,970 --> 00:21:20,970 of faith which are not known 624 00:21:20,970 --> 00:21:22,970 except by seeking knowledge of them; 625 00:21:22,970 --> 00:21:24,970 for ignorance of these is also 626 00:21:24,970 --> 00:21:26,970 an excuse for the one who holds it, regarding the rulings 627 00:21:26,970 --> 00:21:28,970 of this world and the Hereafter, 628 00:21:28,970 --> 00:21:30,970 [provided] the prophetic proof is established against him 629 00:21:30,970 --> 00:21:32,970 and he understands it. 630 00:21:32,970 --> 00:21:34,970 Obscurity and clarity 631 00:21:34,970 --> 00:21:36,970 in matters are relative, 632 00:21:36,970 --> 00:21:38,970 differing from one place to another 633 00:21:38,970 --> 00:21:40,970 and from one time to another. 634 00:21:40,970 --> 00:21:43,349 Thirdly: 635 00:21:43,349 --> 00:21:45,349 that the matter involving disbelief 636 00:21:45,349 --> 00:21:47,349 be among the manifest matters 637 00:21:47,349 --> 00:21:49,349 known of the religion 638 00:21:49,349 --> 00:21:51,349 by necessity to be forbidden, 639 00:21:51,349 --> 00:21:53,349 yet the perpetrator may be ignorant 640 00:21:53,349 --> 00:21:55,349 that it is an act of disbelief, 641 00:21:55,349 --> 00:21:57,349 or he may claim as much, 642 00:21:57,349 --> 00:21:59,349 while he knows of its prohibition, 643 00:21:59,349 --> 00:22:01,349 such as cursing Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, 644 00:22:01,349 --> 00:22:03,349 or His Messenger, peace be upon him, 645 00:22:03,349 --> 00:22:05,349 or mocking 646 00:22:05,349 --> 00:22:07,349 them both and the Book of Allah, 647 00:22:07,349 --> 00:22:09,349 or supporting the disbelievers 648 00:22:09,349 --> 00:22:11,349 against the Muslims and aiding them 649 00:22:11,349 --> 00:22:13,349 against them; for such a person 650 00:22:13,349 --> 00:22:15,349 is not excused for his ignorance, 651 00:22:15,349 --> 00:22:17,349 and he is judged to be a disbeliever. 652 00:22:17,349 --> 00:22:19,349 Allah the Almighty says: 653 00:22:19,349 --> 00:22:21,349 "And if you ask them, they will surely say, 654 00:22:21,349 --> 00:22:23,349 'We were only 655 00:22:23,349 --> 00:22:25,349 conversing and playing.' 656 00:22:25,349 --> 00:22:27,349 Say, 'Is it Allah and His verses 657 00:22:27,349 --> 00:22:29,349 and His Messenger that you were 658 00:22:29,349 --> 00:22:31,349 mocking?'" 659 00:22:31,349 --> 00:22:33,349 “Make no excuse. Ye have disbelieved after your (confession of) belief. If We forgive a party of you, a party of you We shall punish because they have been guilty.” (9:66) 660 00:22:33,349 --> 00:22:35,349 "after your belief." 661 00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:39,990 The conditions for applying rulings of disbelief: 662 00:22:39,990 --> 00:22:42,920 There is 663 00:22:42,920 --> 00:22:44,920 a correlation and connection between 664 00:22:44,920 --> 00:22:46,920 the aforementioned impediments to declaring disbelief 665 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:48,920 and the two conditions for its application, 666 00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:50,920 which are: 667 00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:52,920 First: 668 00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:54,920 verifying the absence of the aforementioned 669 00:22:54,920 --> 00:22:56,920 impediments, or any one of them. 670 00:22:56,920 --> 00:22:58,920 Second: 671 00:22:58,920 --> 00:23:00,920 confirming the occurrence of 672 00:23:00,920 --> 00:23:02,920 the act and the intent behind it, 673 00:23:02,920 --> 00:23:04,920 for rulings are not built upon assumptions 674 00:23:04,920 --> 00:23:07,589 and delusions. 675 00:23:07,589 --> 00:23:10,970 Ilhad (Deviation/Atheism): 676 00:23:10,970 --> 00:23:12,970 The term 'al-had' means to incline. 677 00:23:12,970 --> 00:23:14,970 'Al-had' in the religion of Allah 678 00:23:14,970 --> 00:23:16,970 means to turn away from it and deviate. 679 00:23:16,970 --> 00:23:18,970 When one says 'alhada fulan' (so-and-so deviated), 680 00:23:18,970 --> 00:23:20,970 it means he turned away from the truth 681 00:23:20,970 --> 00:23:22,970 and introduced into it what is not part of it. 682 00:23:22,970 --> 00:23:24,970 And 'alhada' in the Sacred Precinct (Haram) 683 00:23:24,970 --> 00:23:26,970 means he deemed its sanctity permissible 684 00:23:26,970 --> 00:23:29,130 and violated it. 685 00:23:29,130 --> 00:23:31,130 'Ilhad' regarding the names of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, 686 00:23:31,130 --> 00:23:33,130 is to deviate with them 687 00:23:33,130 --> 00:23:35,130 from what they truly are, 688 00:23:35,130 --> 00:23:37,130 whether by denying them, distorting them 689 00:23:37,130 --> 00:23:39,130 from their meaning, 690 00:23:39,130 --> 00:23:41,130 or naming other than Allah with them, such as idols 691 00:23:41,130 --> 00:23:43,130 and false deities. 692 00:23:43,130 --> 00:23:45,130 Allah the Almighty says: 693 00:23:45,130 --> 00:23:47,130 "And to Allah belong the best 694 00:23:47,130 --> 00:23:49,130 names, so invoke Him by them. 695 00:23:49,130 --> 00:23:51,130 And leave those who deviate (yulhidun) 696 00:23:51,130 --> 00:23:53,130 concerning His names." 697 00:23:53,130 --> 00:23:55,130 'Ilhad' regarding the verses of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, 698 00:23:55,130 --> 00:23:57,190 is to incline them away from the truth 699 00:23:57,190 --> 00:23:59,190 out of stubbornness, denial, 700 00:23:59,190 --> 00:24:01,190 and arrogance. 701 00:24:01,190 --> 00:24:03,190 Among this is the saying of Allah the Almighty: 702 00:24:03,190 --> 00:24:05,190 "Indeed, those who deviate (yulhidun) 703 00:24:05,190 --> 00:24:07,190 concerning Our verses 704 00:24:07,190 --> 00:24:09,190 are not hidden from Us." 705 00:24:09,190 --> 00:24:11,190 It is customary in our era 706 00:24:11,190 --> 00:24:13,319 to use the word 'mulhid' (atheist) 707 00:24:13,319 --> 00:24:15,319 for one who turns away from the truth 708 00:24:15,319 --> 00:24:17,319 by denying the existence of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic. 709 00:24:19,319 --> 00:24:21,319 Nifaq (Hypocrisy): 710 00:24:21,319 --> 00:24:25,720 Nifaq: 711 00:24:25,720 --> 00:24:27,720 The term 'nifaq' 712 00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:29,720 is derived linguistically from the 'nafiqa' 713 00:24:29,720 --> 00:24:31,720 of the jerboa, 714 00:24:31,720 --> 00:24:33,720 which is a small creature resembling a mouse 715 00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:35,720 that lives in the wilderness 716 00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:37,720 and makes a burrow with two exits: 717 00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:39,720 a visible exit 718 00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:41,720 through which it enters and exits, 719 00:24:41,720 --> 00:24:43,720 and a hidden exit 720 00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:45,720 covered by a thin layer of soil, 721 00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:47,720 from which it escapes when 722 00:24:47,720 --> 00:24:49,720 it is unable to exit through the 723 00:24:49,720 --> 00:24:51,750 original visible door. 724 00:24:51,750 --> 00:24:53,750 The point of resemblance between the hypocrite and the jerboa 725 00:24:53,750 --> 00:24:55,750 is that the hypocrite 726 00:24:55,750 --> 00:24:57,750 has two states: 727 00:24:57,750 --> 00:24:59,750 a state he displays, 728 00:24:59,750 --> 00:25:01,750 which is the declaration of Islam, 729 00:25:01,750 --> 00:25:03,750 and another he conceals, 730 00:25:03,750 --> 00:25:06,259 which is disbelief. 731 00:25:06,259 --> 00:25:08,970 Nifaq is of two types: 732 00:25:08,970 --> 00:25:10,970 Nifaq is of two types: 733 00:25:10,970 --> 00:25:12,970 Major Nifaq, 734 00:25:12,970 --> 00:25:15,000 and Minor Nifaq. 735 00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:17,000 Major Nifaq 736 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,000 is also called 'belief-based hypocrisy', 737 00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:21,000 and it expels its practitioner [from the fold of Islam] 738 00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:23,000 and places him in the Hereafter 739 00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:25,000 “Lo! the hypocrites (will be) in the lowest deep of the Fire, and thou wilt find no helper for them;” (4:145) 740 00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:27,000 if he dies in that state. 741 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:29,000 Its reality 742 00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:31,000 is that a person displays belief in Allah, 743 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:33,000 His angels, His books, 744 00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:35,000 His messengers, the Last Day, 745 00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:37,000 and the Divine Decree, 746 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,000 while concealing what contradicts all of that, 747 00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:41,000 or some of it. 748 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:43,000 This is the hypocrisy that existed during the time of 749 00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:45,000 the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 750 00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:47,000 and the Qur'an was revealed 751 00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:49,000 to warn against it, condemn its people, 752 00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:51,000 and declare them disbelievers. 753 00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:53,000 Allah the Almighty says about them: 754 00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:55,000 "That is because they believed, 755 00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:57,000 then disbelieved, so a seal was set 756 00:25:57,000 --> 00:25:59,000 upon their hearts, so they 757 00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:01,029 do not understand." 758 00:26:01,029 --> 00:26:03,029 They are more severe in disbelief and enmity 759 00:26:03,029 --> 00:26:05,029 than the open disbelievers, 760 00:26:05,029 --> 00:26:07,029 as Allah the Almighty says about them: 761 00:26:07,029 --> 00:26:09,029 "They are the enemy, so beware of them." 762 00:26:09,029 --> 00:26:11,130 Among the most important 763 00:26:11,130 --> 00:26:13,130 manifestations of Major Nifaq and the traits of 764 00:26:13,130 --> 00:26:15,130 its people: First, 765 00:26:15,130 --> 00:26:17,130 enmity toward the believers, 766 00:26:17,130 --> 00:26:19,130 as in the previous verse, 767 00:26:19,130 --> 00:26:21,130 and hating their victory 768 00:26:21,130 --> 00:26:23,130 over the disbelievers. 769 00:26:23,130 --> 00:26:25,130 Second: hatred of 770 00:26:25,130 --> 00:26:27,130 the Messenger, peace be upon him, 771 00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:29,130 and what he brought, 772 00:26:29,130 --> 00:26:31,130 turning away from him, 773 00:26:31,130 --> 00:26:33,220 and harming him, or finding fault with him, or slandering him. 774 00:26:33,220 --> 00:26:35,220 Third: joy 775 00:26:35,220 --> 00:26:37,220 and happiness at the defeat of the Muslims 776 00:26:37,220 --> 00:26:39,220 and the decline of their religion. 777 00:26:39,220 --> 00:26:41,220 Fourth: mocking 778 00:26:41,220 --> 00:26:43,220 the believers 779 00:26:43,220 --> 00:26:45,220 for their faith and obedience. 780 00:26:45,220 --> 00:26:47,220 Fifth: 781 00:26:47,220 --> 00:26:49,220 slandering the Islamic Sharia 782 00:26:49,220 --> 00:26:51,220 and describing it as 783 00:26:51,220 --> 00:26:53,220 harsh and contradictory to humanity, 784 00:26:53,220 --> 00:26:55,220 and not suitable for our time. 785 00:26:55,220 --> 00:26:57,220 Sixth: 786 00:26:57,220 --> 00:26:59,220 taking the disbelievers as allies 787 00:26:59,220 --> 00:27:01,220 and loving their legislations 788 00:27:01,220 --> 00:27:03,220 that contradict the law of Allah. 789 00:27:03,220 --> 00:27:05,259 Seventh: 790 00:27:05,259 --> 00:27:07,259 loving the victory of the disbelievers 791 00:27:07,259 --> 00:27:09,259 over the Muslims. 792 00:27:09,259 --> 00:27:11,349 How clear these traits are 793 00:27:11,349 --> 00:27:13,349 in the hypocrites of our time, 794 00:27:13,349 --> 00:27:15,349 in our era, 795 00:27:15,349 --> 00:27:17,349 among politicians, media figures, 796 00:27:17,349 --> 00:27:19,349 secularists, and liberals; 797 00:27:19,349 --> 00:27:21,349 they claim to love their homeland, 798 00:27:21,349 --> 00:27:23,349 while in reality 799 00:27:23,349 --> 00:27:25,349 they are enemies to the homeland and its interests 800 00:27:25,349 --> 00:27:27,349 by their allegiance to its enemies, 801 00:27:27,349 --> 00:27:29,349 their hostility toward the law of Allah 802 00:27:29,349 --> 00:27:31,349 and those who call to it, 803 00:27:31,349 --> 00:27:33,349 and by spreading corruption and immorality 804 00:27:33,349 --> 00:27:35,349 regarding the children of the Ummah, 805 00:27:35,349 --> 00:27:37,349 and the corruption of their religion, 806 00:27:37,349 --> 00:27:39,349 their souls, their minds, 807 00:27:39,349 --> 00:27:41,349 their wealth, and their honor. 808 00:27:41,349 --> 00:27:43,509 As for major hypocrisy, 809 00:27:43,509 --> 00:27:45,509 it occurs when the person 810 00:27:45,509 --> 00:27:47,509 does not reveal it except through the tone 811 00:27:47,509 --> 00:27:49,509 of their speech. 812 00:27:49,509 --> 00:27:51,509 However, if they manifest the aforementioned nullifiers 813 00:27:51,509 --> 00:27:53,509 and call others to them, 814 00:27:53,509 --> 00:27:55,509 then they become an apostate at that point, 815 00:27:55,509 --> 00:27:57,509 and the rulings of apostasy are applied to them. 816 00:27:57,509 --> 00:27:59,670 Minor hypocrisy 817 00:27:59,670 --> 00:28:01,670 is also called 818 00:28:01,670 --> 00:28:03,670 practical hypocrisy. 819 00:28:03,670 --> 00:28:05,670 It is when a person displays 820 00:28:05,670 --> 00:28:07,670 some of the characteristics of the hypocrites 821 00:28:07,670 --> 00:28:09,670 and their actions. 822 00:28:09,670 --> 00:28:11,670 The Prophet, 823 00:28:11,670 --> 00:28:13,670 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 824 00:28:13,670 --> 00:28:15,670 warned against the most dangerous of these traits 825 00:28:15,670 --> 00:28:17,670 by saying: 826 00:28:17,670 --> 00:28:19,670 "The signs of a hypocrite are three: 827 00:28:19,670 --> 00:28:21,670 when he speaks, he lies; 828 00:28:21,670 --> 00:28:23,670 when he promises, he breaks it; 829 00:28:23,670 --> 00:28:25,670 and when he is entrusted, he betrays." 830 00:28:25,670 --> 00:28:27,670 Agreed upon. 831 00:28:27,670 --> 00:28:29,670 He, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 832 00:28:29,670 --> 00:28:31,670 also said: 833 00:28:31,670 --> 00:28:33,670 "There are four traits, whoever possesses them is 834 00:28:33,670 --> 00:28:35,670 a pure hypocrite, 835 00:28:35,670 --> 00:28:37,670 and whoever possesses one of them 836 00:28:37,670 --> 00:28:39,670 possesses a trait of hypocrisy 837 00:28:39,670 --> 00:28:41,670 until he abandons it: 838 00:28:41,670 --> 00:28:43,670 when he is entrusted, he betrays; 839 00:28:43,670 --> 00:28:45,670 when he speaks, he lies; 840 00:28:45,670 --> 00:28:47,670 when he makes a covenant, he acts treacherously; 841 00:28:47,670 --> 00:28:49,670 and when he disputes, he behaves immorally." 842 00:28:49,670 --> 00:28:51,670 Agreed upon. 843 00:28:51,670 --> 00:28:53,900 The one who possesses these traits 844 00:28:53,900 --> 00:28:55,900 is similar in these 845 00:28:55,900 --> 00:28:57,900 actions to the hypocrites, 846 00:28:57,900 --> 00:28:59,900 even if he is not an unbeliever inwardly, 847 00:28:59,900 --> 00:29:01,900 because he has combined the hypocrisy 848 00:29:01,900 --> 00:29:03,900 of action with the essence of faith. 849 00:29:03,900 --> 00:29:05,900 But if these traits 850 00:29:05,900 --> 00:29:07,900 become entrenched and complete, 851 00:29:07,900 --> 00:29:09,900 the person may strip himself 852 00:29:09,900 --> 00:29:11,900 of Islam entirely 853 00:29:11,900 --> 00:29:13,900 and become a pure hypocrite. 854 00:29:13,900 --> 00:29:16,089 The conclusion of the matter 855 00:29:16,089 --> 00:29:18,089 is that minor hypocrisy 856 00:29:18,089 --> 00:29:20,089 all stems from the discrepancy 857 00:29:20,089 --> 00:29:23,299 between the inner self and the outward appearance. 858 00:29:23,299 --> 00:29:25,299 Other signs of practical 859 00:29:25,299 --> 00:29:28,200 hypocrisy: 860 00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:30,200 other signs 861 00:29:30,200 --> 00:29:32,200 besides what was mentioned. 862 00:29:32,200 --> 00:29:34,200 Among the most important of them: 863 00:29:34,200 --> 00:29:36,200 First, being 864 00:29:36,200 --> 00:29:38,200 a two-faced person, as the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 865 00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:40,200 "The worst of people 866 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:42,200 is the two-faced person 867 00:29:42,200 --> 00:29:44,200 who comes to these people 868 00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:46,200 with one face and to those 869 00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:48,200 with another." Agreed upon. 870 00:29:48,200 --> 00:29:50,200 Included in this is the one who is inconsistent 871 00:29:50,200 --> 00:29:52,200 in his speech and actions, 872 00:29:52,200 --> 00:29:54,200 showing love and affection 873 00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:56,200 while his heart harbors evil 874 00:29:56,200 --> 00:29:58,200 and hatred, or showing 875 00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:00,200 grief and sadness over the affliction 876 00:30:00,200 --> 00:30:02,200 of the Muslims while his heart 877 00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:04,200 shows joy and gloating. 878 00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:06,390 Second: 879 00:30:06,390 --> 00:30:08,390 lack of remembrance of Allah, or aversion 880 00:30:08,390 --> 00:30:10,390 to it, and laziness 881 00:30:10,390 --> 00:30:12,490 in obeying Allah. 882 00:30:12,490 --> 00:30:14,490 Third: mocking 883 00:30:14,490 --> 00:30:16,490 the charitable projects 884 00:30:16,490 --> 00:30:18,490 that volunteers undertake, 885 00:30:18,490 --> 00:30:20,490 accusing them of showing off, 886 00:30:20,490 --> 00:30:22,490 and claiming that Allah is in no need 887 00:30:22,490 --> 00:30:24,490 of their donations due to their insignificance, 888 00:30:24,490 --> 00:30:26,490 as Allah the Exalted said: 889 00:30:26,490 --> 00:30:28,490 "Those who criticize 890 00:30:28,490 --> 00:30:30,490 the contributors among the believers 891 00:30:30,490 --> 00:30:32,490 concerning their charities and those 892 00:30:32,490 --> 00:30:34,490 “Those who point at such of the believers as give the alms willingly and such as can find naught to give but their endeavours, and deride them - Allah (Himself) derideth them. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (9:79) 893 00:30:34,490 --> 00:30:36,490 so they mock them; 894 00:30:36,490 --> 00:30:38,490 Allah will mock them, 895 00:30:38,490 --> 00:30:40,490 and for them is a painful punishment." 896 00:30:40,490 --> 00:30:42,519 Fourth: 897 00:30:42,519 --> 00:30:44,519 rejoicing at being safe from trials 898 00:30:44,519 --> 00:30:46,519 in the path of Allah, 899 00:30:46,519 --> 00:30:48,519 and claiming that this is wisdom 900 00:30:48,519 --> 00:30:50,519 and intellect, while prioritizing 901 00:30:50,519 --> 00:30:52,519 the safety of one's own self and wealth 902 00:30:52,519 --> 00:30:54,519 over the safety of the religion. 903 00:30:54,519 --> 00:30:56,519 Fifth: striving 904 00:30:56,519 --> 00:30:58,519 to please the masses or the rulers 905 00:30:58,519 --> 00:31:00,519 with whatever religious opinions they desire, 906 00:31:00,519 --> 00:31:02,519 taking positions contrary to the law of Allah, 907 00:31:04,579 --> 00:31:06,579 defending the disbelievers 908 00:31:06,579 --> 00:31:08,579 and the hypocrites, praising 909 00:31:08,579 --> 00:31:10,579 them, and aligning 910 00:31:10,579 --> 00:31:12,579 with them against the callers 911 00:31:12,579 --> 00:31:14,579 to reform. 912 00:31:14,579 --> 00:31:16,579 Indifference 913 00:31:16,579 --> 00:31:18,579 to the calamities that befall 914 00:31:18,579 --> 00:31:20,579 the Muslims. 915 00:31:20,579 --> 00:31:22,579 Striving to cause division 916 00:31:22,579 --> 00:31:24,579 among the Muslims and inciting 917 00:31:24,579 --> 00:31:26,710 conflict between them. 918 00:31:26,710 --> 00:31:28,710 The hypocrisy of those in finance 919 00:31:28,710 --> 00:31:30,710 and banking 920 00:31:30,710 --> 00:31:32,710 who deceive people 921 00:31:32,710 --> 00:31:34,710 by claiming their transactions are Shari'ah-compliant 922 00:31:34,710 --> 00:31:36,710 and have received approval 923 00:31:36,710 --> 00:31:38,710 from Shari'ah boards, 924 00:31:38,710 --> 00:31:40,710 using this deception 925 00:31:40,710 --> 00:31:42,710 to extort people's wealth. 926 00:31:44,809 --> 00:31:46,809 The hypocrisy of some 927 00:31:46,809 --> 00:31:48,809 media outlets 928 00:31:48,809 --> 00:31:50,809 that claim to be Islamic 929 00:31:50,809 --> 00:31:52,809 while they are equivalent to 930 00:31:52,809 --> 00:31:54,809 the "mosques of harm" (Masajid al-Dirar), 931 00:31:54,809 --> 00:31:56,809 destroying Islam through what they publish 932 00:31:56,809 --> 00:31:58,809 and by clothing truth with falsehood. 933 00:31:58,809 --> 00:32:00,809 They may even make 934 00:32:00,809 --> 00:32:02,809 themselves mouthpieces for the oppressors 935 00:32:02,809 --> 00:32:04,809 and tyrants, 936 00:32:04,809 --> 00:32:06,809 beautifying their actions 937 00:32:06,809 --> 00:32:09,420 and praising them. 938 00:32:09,420 --> 00:32:11,420 The ruling on hypocrites: 939 00:32:11,420 --> 00:32:14,279 the ruling on those of 940 00:32:14,279 --> 00:32:16,279 major hypocrisy 941 00:32:16,279 --> 00:32:18,279 is that in the Hereafter, 942 00:32:18,279 --> 00:32:20,279 “Lo! the hypocrites (will be) in the lowest deep of the Fire, and thou wilt find no helper for them;” (4:145) 943 00:32:20,279 --> 00:32:22,279 remaining there eternally like the disbelievers, 944 00:32:22,279 --> 00:32:24,279 if they die in their hypocrisy, 945 00:32:24,279 --> 00:32:26,279 because they are disbelievers 946 00:32:26,279 --> 00:32:28,339 in their reality. 947 00:32:28,339 --> 00:32:30,339 As for the ruling on them in this world, 948 00:32:30,339 --> 00:32:32,339 it is based 949 00:32:32,339 --> 00:32:34,339 on their outward appearance, 950 00:32:34,339 --> 00:32:36,339 so they are judged as Muslims 951 00:32:36,339 --> 00:32:38,339 as long as they manifest that, 952 00:32:38,339 --> 00:32:40,339 and they are treated according to the laws of Islam, 953 00:32:40,339 --> 00:32:42,339 while remaining cautious of them. 954 00:32:42,339 --> 00:32:44,339 If they manifest their disbelief 955 00:32:44,339 --> 00:32:46,339 through word or deed from the nullifiers of faith, 956 00:32:46,339 --> 00:32:48,339 then they become, 957 00:32:48,339 --> 00:32:50,339 by that, heretics (Zanadiqa) subject to 958 00:32:50,339 --> 00:32:52,339 the rulings of apostates. 959 00:32:52,339 --> 00:32:54,920 The stance toward 960 00:32:54,920 --> 00:32:57,819 the hypocrites 961 00:32:57,819 --> 00:32:59,819 and the duty toward them: 962 00:32:59,819 --> 00:33:01,819 caution and warning others against them, 963 00:33:01,819 --> 00:33:03,819 exposing them and exposing 964 00:33:03,819 --> 00:33:05,819 their plots, conspiracies, 965 00:33:05,819 --> 00:33:07,819 and hidden tools in the war against 966 00:33:07,819 --> 00:33:09,819 the religion and its people. 967 00:33:09,819 --> 00:33:11,819 If signs of major hypocrisy appear in them, 968 00:33:11,819 --> 00:33:13,819 such as their inclination 969 00:33:13,819 --> 00:33:15,819 toward the disbelievers and their mockery 970 00:33:15,819 --> 00:33:17,819 of the religion and its people, 971 00:33:17,819 --> 00:33:19,819 then the duty toward them 972 00:33:19,819 --> 00:33:21,819 is to rebuke them, be harsh with them, 973 00:33:21,819 --> 00:33:23,819 and establish the law of Allah, 974 00:33:23,819 --> 00:33:25,819 unless it is seen that killing them 975 00:33:25,819 --> 00:33:27,819 would cause a greater harm, 976 00:33:27,819 --> 00:33:29,819 in which case one refrains from that 977 00:33:29,819 --> 00:33:31,819 until this harm is removed, 978 00:33:31,819 --> 00:33:33,819 just as the 979 00:33:33,819 --> 00:33:35,819 Messenger, peace be upon him, refrained from 980 00:33:35,819 --> 00:33:37,819 killing 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul, 981 00:33:37,819 --> 00:33:39,819 the head of the hypocrites 982 00:33:39,819 --> 00:33:41,819 in Medina, so that 983 00:33:41,819 --> 00:33:43,819 sedition would not erupt, 984 00:33:43,819 --> 00:33:45,819 and it would not be said that Muhammad 985 00:33:45,819 --> 00:33:47,819 kills his companions, 986 00:33:47,819 --> 00:33:49,819 even though he insulted the Messenger, peace be upon him, 987 00:33:49,819 --> 00:33:51,819 and slandered 988 00:33:51,819 --> 00:33:53,819 the mother of the believers, 'A'ishah, 989 00:33:53,819 --> 00:33:55,819 may Allah be pleased with her. 990 00:33:55,819 --> 00:33:57,819 The conclusion on this issue 991 00:33:57,819 --> 00:33:59,819 is that one must observe 992 00:33:59,819 --> 00:34:01,819 the fiqh of balancing and the principles 993 00:34:01,819 --> 00:34:03,819 of weighing interests 994 00:34:03,819 --> 00:34:06,460 and harms. 995 00:34:06,460 --> 00:34:08,460 A summary of the concepts 996 00:34:08,460 --> 00:34:10,460 of the People of the Sunnah.