WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.700 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:04.429 --> 00:00:06.509 The Ifadah Center 00:00:06.509 --> 00:00:09.710 for Human Studies and Research 00:00:09.710 --> 00:00:12.029 presents: 00:00:12.029 --> 00:00:17.980 Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:17.980 --> 00:00:22.429 Chapter: Tying the Waist-Wrapper around the Back of the Neck in Prayer. 00:00:22.429 --> 00:00:25.390 On the authority of Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir, who said: 00:00:25.390 --> 00:00:31.550 I entered upon Jabir ibn 'Abdillah while he was praying in a single garment, wrapped around him, 00:00:31.789 --> 00:00:34.270 with his cloak set aside. 00:00:34.270 --> 00:00:38.270 When he finished the prayer, we said: "O Abu 'Abdillah, 00:00:38.270 --> 00:00:41.229 do you pray while your cloak is set aside?" 00:00:41.229 --> 00:00:46.350 He replied: "Yes, I wanted the ignorant ones like you to see me; 00:00:46.350 --> 00:00:52.100 for I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) praying like this." 00:00:52.100 --> 00:00:55.460 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:00:55.460 --> 00:00:59.060 "Chapter: Tying the Waist-Wrapper around the Back of the Neck in Prayer" 00:00:59.060 --> 00:01:01.659 *Al-qafa* refers to the back of the neck. 00:01:01.740 --> 00:01:03.420 *Multahifan bihi* (wrapped in it): 00:01:03.420 --> 00:01:04.620 *Al-Iltihaf* 00:01:04.620 --> 00:01:08.540 is wrapping oneself in a garment in any manner, 00:01:08.540 --> 00:01:11.739 which encompasses draping it over one shoulder (*al-tawashshuh*) and wrapping it around the body (*al-ishtimal*). 00:01:11.739 --> 00:01:13.420 Al-Zuhri said: 00:01:13.420 --> 00:01:17.099 "Crossing its two ends over his shoulders." 00:01:17.099 --> 00:01:18.540 *Wa rida'uhu* (and his cloak): 00:01:18.540 --> 00:01:20.620 The *rida'* is an upper garment, 00:01:20.620 --> 00:01:27.980 and it is said to be the cloak that a person places over his shoulders and upper back above his other clothes. 00:01:27.980 --> 00:01:31.549 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:01:31.549 --> 00:01:33.629 It is derived from the hadith: 00:01:33.629 --> 00:01:38.750 The permissibility of praying in a single garment for someone who possesses more than that. 00:01:38.750 --> 00:01:42.750 It shows that practical demonstration leaves a deeper impact on the soul. 00:01:42.750 --> 00:01:48.269 A scholar may opt for the easiest permissible option despite being capable of more, 00:01:48.269 --> 00:01:51.790 to make things easier for the common people so they may follow his example. 00:01:51.790 --> 00:01:58.129 It also shows the permissibility of being stern when rebuking the ignorant. 00:01:58.129 --> 00:02:03.060 Chapter: Praying in a Single Garment Wrapped around Oneself. 00:02:03.060 --> 00:02:06.019 On the authority of 'Umar ibn Abi Salamah, who said: 00:02:06.019 --> 00:02:13.379 I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) praying in a single garment wrapped around him 00:02:13.379 --> 00:02:15.699 in the house of Umm Salamah, 00:02:15.699 --> 00:02:19.550 having crossed its two ends over his shoulders. 00:02:19.550 --> 00:02:25.520 In another narration: "He had crossed its two ends." 00:02:25.520 --> 00:02:27.360 And on the authority of Abu Hurayrah: 00:02:27.360 --> 00:02:34.560 A questioner asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) about praying in a single garment, 00:02:34.560 --> 00:02:38.400 so the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:02:38.400 --> 00:02:41.710 "Does every one of you have two garments?" 00:02:41.710 --> 00:02:45.060 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:02:45.060 --> 00:02:46.740 *Mujtamilan bihi* (wrapped around him): 00:02:46.740 --> 00:02:50.500 *Al-Ishtimal* is wrapping the garment over both shoulders. 00:02:50.500 --> 00:02:52.259 *'Ala 'atiqayhi* (over his shoulders): 00:02:52.259 --> 00:02:53.620 *Al-'Atiqan* (the two shoulders) 00:02:53.620 --> 00:02:56.960 refer to the area from the shoulders to the base of the neck. 00:02:56.960 --> 00:02:59.280 "Does every one of you have two garments?" 00:02:59.280 --> 00:03:00.719 This is a rhetorical question, 00:03:00.800 --> 00:03:06.560 functioning as an observation of what he (peace be upon him) knew of their condition 00:03:06.560 --> 00:03:09.039 regarding poverty and the scarcity of clothing; 00:03:09.039 --> 00:03:13.520 thus, he informed them of the permissibility of praying in a single garment. 00:03:13.520 --> 00:03:17.389 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:03:17.389 --> 00:03:19.550 It is derived from the hadith: 00:03:19.550 --> 00:03:23.310 The permissibility of wrapping oneself in a single garment during prayer. 00:03:23.310 --> 00:03:25.469 Wrapping oneself (*al-ishtimal*) takes various forms; 00:03:25.469 --> 00:03:26.990 the prohibited form 00:03:26.990 --> 00:03:29.379 is *ishtimal al-samma'*. 00:03:29.539 --> 00:03:33.060 It also demonstrates the permissibility of praying in a single garment. 00:03:33.060 --> 00:03:34.419 In the hadith: 00:03:34.419 --> 00:03:37.379 Deriving a ruling through contextual implication (*al-fahwa*); 00:03:37.379 --> 00:03:40.900 it is as if he (peace be upon him) meant: 00:03:40.900 --> 00:03:43.460 "If covering the 'awrah is obligatory, 00:03:43.460 --> 00:03:45.300 and prayer is mandatory, 00:03:45.300 --> 00:03:48.180 yet not everyone possesses two garments, 00:03:48.180 --> 00:03:55.629 how could they not realize that praying in a single garment is permissible?" 00:03:55.629 --> 00:03:56.669 Chapter: 00:03:56.669 --> 00:03:59.069 When one prays in a single garment, 00:03:59.069 --> 00:04:02.610 he should drape part of it over his shoulders. 00:04:02.610 --> 00:04:05.009 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, who said: 00:04:05.009 --> 00:04:08.449 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:04:08.449 --> 00:04:11.969 "None of you should pray in a single garment 00:04:11.969 --> 00:04:15.280 without having anything over his shoulders." 00:04:15.280 --> 00:04:16.720 In another narration: 00:04:16.720 --> 00:04:19.360 "Whoever prays in a single garment, 00:04:19.360 --> 00:04:22.939 let him cross its two ends over his shoulders." 00:04:22.939 --> 00:04:26.269 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:04:26.269 --> 00:04:27.790 "None of you should pray": 00:04:27.949 --> 00:04:32.079 The prohibition here denotes recommendation against rather than strict unlawfulness (*tanzih*, not *tahrim*). 00:04:32.079 --> 00:04:35.699 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:04:35.699 --> 00:04:37.779 It is derived from the hadith: 00:04:37.779 --> 00:04:42.019 If someone prays without any part of his garment covering his shoulder, 00:04:42.019 --> 00:04:45.089 his prayer is valid according to the majority of scholars. 00:04:45.089 --> 00:04:48.610 It highlights the benefit of crossing the garment's ends 00:04:48.610 --> 00:04:50.529 and the permissible manner of wrapping oneself: 00:04:50.529 --> 00:04:54.769 so that the worshipper does not see his own 'awrah when bowing, 00:04:54.769 --> 00:05:00.370 nor does the cloak fall off during bowing. 00:05:00.449 --> 00:05:01.490 Chapter: 00:05:01.490 --> 00:05:04.980 When the Garment is Tight. 00:05:04.980 --> 00:05:07.779 On the authority of Sa'id ibn al-Harith, who said: 00:05:07.779 --> 00:05:12.899 We asked Jabir ibn 'Abdillah about praying in a single garment, 00:05:12.899 --> 00:05:14.259 and he said: 00:05:14.259 --> 00:05:19.300 "I accompanied the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on one of his journeys, 00:05:19.300 --> 00:05:22.180 and I came to him one night for an errand. 00:05:22.180 --> 00:05:24.420 I found him praying 00:05:24.420 --> 00:05:26.740 while I was wearing only a single garment, 00:05:26.740 --> 00:05:28.180 so I wrapped myself in it 00:05:28.180 --> 00:05:30.740 and prayed beside him. 00:05:30.740 --> 00:05:32.259 When he finished the prayer, 00:05:32.259 --> 00:05:33.300 he said: 00:05:33.300 --> 00:05:35.620 'What brings you at this hour of the night, Jabir?' 00:05:35.620 --> 00:05:38.100 I told him of my errand, 00:05:38.100 --> 00:05:39.779 and when I finished, 00:05:39.779 --> 00:05:40.980 he said: 00:05:40.980 --> 00:05:44.100 'What was this wrapping of the garment that I saw?' 00:05:44.100 --> 00:05:45.060 I said: 00:05:45.060 --> 00:05:46.500 'It was a garment—' 00:05:46.500 --> 00:05:48.339 meaning that it was tight. 00:05:48.339 --> 00:05:49.540 He said: 00:05:49.540 --> 00:05:52.579 'If it is ample, wrap yourself in it; 00:05:52.579 --> 00:05:56.699 but if it is tight, tie it as a waist-wrapper.'" 00:05:56.699 --> 00:05:59.980 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:06:00.060 --> 00:06:01.899 "On one of his journeys": 00:06:01.899 --> 00:06:04.459 That is, during the Expedition of Buwat. 00:06:04.459 --> 00:06:06.060 "For an errand": 00:06:06.060 --> 00:06:08.779 Meaning, for some personal need. 00:06:08.779 --> 00:06:10.220 "When he finished": 00:06:10.220 --> 00:06:13.579 Meaning, when he completed the prayer and turned away from facing the Qiblah. 00:06:13.579 --> 00:06:15.660 "What brings you at this hour of the night, Jabir?": 00:06:15.660 --> 00:06:19.339 An inquiry regarding the reason for his night arrival. 00:06:19.339 --> 00:06:21.180 "What was this wrapping?": 00:06:21.180 --> 00:06:22.939 A rhetorical question of disapproval, 00:06:22.939 --> 00:06:26.129 understood as referring to *ishtimal al-samma'*. 00:06:26.129 --> 00:06:27.649 "Tie it as a waist-wrapper": 00:06:28.610 --> 00:06:31.939 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:06:31.939 --> 00:06:34.819 It is derived from the hadith: 00:06:34.819 --> 00:06:39.620 The wrapping disapproved of by the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:06:39.620 --> 00:06:41.699 is *ishtimal al-samma'*, 00:06:41.699 --> 00:06:45.139 which consists of completely enveloping oneself in the garment 00:06:45.139 --> 00:06:47.939 without leaving an opening on either side, 00:06:47.939 --> 00:06:51.699 such that one cannot free his hands except from underneath, 00:06:51.699 --> 00:06:55.300 causing a risk that his 'awrah might be exposed in doing so. 00:06:56.259 --> 00:07:00.500 It indicates the permissibility of approaching a ruler at night for one's needs, 00:07:00.500 --> 00:07:05.379 and the permissibility of visiting someone at night due to necessity. 00:07:05.379 --> 00:07:06.899 The hadith also indicates: 00:07:06.899 --> 00:07:09.540 If the garment is spacious, 00:07:09.540 --> 00:07:11.699 one crosses its ends over the shoulders; 00:07:11.699 --> 00:07:13.620 but if it is tight, 00:07:13.620 --> 00:07:15.139 one ties it as a waist-wrapper. 00:07:15.139 --> 00:07:18.980 It emphasizes the importance of covering the 'awrah during prayer. 00:07:18.980 --> 00:07:23.139 On the authority of Sahl, who said: 00:07:23.779 --> 00:07:28.660 Men used to pray alongside the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:07:28.660 --> 00:07:31.939 with their waist-wrappers tied around their necks 00:07:31.939 --> 00:07:34.339 like young boys. 00:07:34.339 --> 00:07:35.779 In another narration: 00:07:35.779 --> 00:07:40.750 "They tied their waist-wrappers around their necks due to their small size." 00:07:40.750 --> 00:07:42.829 And it was said to the women: 00:07:42.829 --> 00:07:45.149 "Do not raise your heads 00:07:45.149 --> 00:07:49.389 until the men are fully seated upright." 00:07:49.470 --> 00:07:52.769 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:07:52.769 --> 00:07:55.810 "With their waist-wrappers tied around their necks": 00:07:55.810 --> 00:07:58.050 Meaning, wrapped around them; 00:07:58.050 --> 00:08:03.180 this is understood to be distinct from the prohibited *ishtimal al-samma'*. 00:08:03.180 --> 00:08:05.420 "Do not raise your heads": 00:08:05.420 --> 00:08:07.819 Meaning, from prostration. 00:08:07.819 --> 00:08:11.420 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:08:11.420 --> 00:08:13.420 It is derived from the hadith: 00:08:13.420 --> 00:08:16.459 Wrapping oneself is preferable to merely wearing a waist-wrapper, 00:08:16.459 --> 00:08:18.379 as it provides greater coverage. 00:08:18.459 --> 00:08:22.939 It urges guarding the 'awrah by all available means. 00:08:22.939 --> 00:08:28.620 It also highlights the obligation of lowering the gaze from private areas. 00:08:28.620 --> 00:08:33.789 Chapter: The Dislike of Nakedness in Prayer and Otherwise. 00:08:33.789 --> 00:08:38.269 On the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdillah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:08:38.269 --> 00:08:40.590 When the Ka'bah was being rebuilt, 00:08:40.590 --> 00:08:43.389 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:08:43.389 --> 00:08:46.669 and 'Abbas went to carry stones. 00:08:46.669 --> 00:08:51.149 'Abbas said to the Prophet (peace be upon him): 00:08:51.309 --> 00:08:56.110 "Put your waist-wrapper over your neck to protect yourself from the stones." 00:08:56.110 --> 00:08:58.110 So he fell to the ground, 00:08:58.110 --> 00:09:01.070 with his eyes gazing up toward the sky. 00:09:01.070 --> 00:09:02.590 Then he regained consciousness 00:09:02.590 --> 00:09:03.789 and said: 00:09:03.789 --> 00:09:06.029 "My waist-wrapper! My waist-wrapper!" 00:09:06.029 --> 00:09:08.929 So his waist-wrapper was fastened around him. 00:09:08.929 --> 00:09:10.370 In another narration: 00:09:10.370 --> 00:09:16.450 "He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was never seen naked after that." 00:09:16.450 --> 00:09:19.710 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:09:19.710 --> 00:09:21.789 "When the Ka'bah was being rebuilt": 00:09:21.789 --> 00:09:23.789 That is, before the advent of his Prophetic mission. 00:09:23.789 --> 00:09:24.990 *Yaqika* (to protect you): 00:09:24.990 --> 00:09:27.340 That is, to shield and protect you. 00:09:27.340 --> 00:09:28.460 *Fa-kharra* (he fell): 00:09:28.460 --> 00:09:31.220 That is, he collapsed unconscious. 00:09:31.220 --> 00:09:32.980 *Wa-tammahat 'aynahu* (his eyes gazed upward): 00:09:32.980 --> 00:09:34.740 That is, his eyes turned toward the sky. 00:09:34.740 --> 00:09:36.100 "My waist-wrapper!": 00:09:36.100 --> 00:09:39.139 Meaning, "Hand me my waist-wrapper." 00:09:39.139 --> 00:09:42.899 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:09:42.899 --> 00:09:44.899 It is derived from the hadith: 00:09:44.899 --> 00:09:48.820 Modesty and covering oneself are innate human dispositions (*fitrah*). 00:09:48.820 --> 00:09:51.460 And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:09:51.460 --> 00:09:54.659 was protected from the vices of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance (*Jahiliyyah*), 00:09:54.659 --> 00:09:57.620 naturally dispositioned toward the noblest of manners. 00:09:57.620 --> 00:10:02.860 Chapter: What Must Be Covered of the 'Awrah. 00:10:02.860 --> 00:10:07.059 On the authority of Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:10:07.059 --> 00:10:10.179 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade 00:10:10.179 --> 00:10:12.980 fasting on the Day of Fitr and the Day of Nahr, 00:10:12.980 --> 00:10:14.980 and against the *samma'* wrap, 00:10:14.980 --> 00:10:18.500 and against a man sitting with his knees drawn up (*ihtiba'*) wrapped in a single garment, 00:10:18.500 --> 00:10:22.509 and against praying after the morning and 'Asr prayers. 00:10:22.669 --> 00:10:25.860 Commentary on the hadith: 00:10:25.860 --> 00:10:27.460 *Al-Samma'*: 00:10:27.460 --> 00:10:29.460 *Ishtimal al-samma'* 00:10:29.460 --> 00:10:34.500 is for a person to cover and wrap his entire body with a single lower garment or cloak, 00:10:34.500 --> 00:10:40.100 drawing it from his right side over his left arm and left shoulder, 00:10:40.100 --> 00:10:45.940 and then wrapping it again from behind him over his right arm and right shoulder, 00:10:45.940 --> 00:10:48.500 thereby covering them both completely. 00:10:48.500 --> 00:10:50.509 "And against sitting with knees drawn up (*ihtiba'*)"— 00:10:50.509 --> 00:10:51.950 *Al-Ihtiba'* 00:10:51.950 --> 00:10:55.470 is for a person to sit on his buttocks with his shins upright, 00:10:55.470 --> 00:10:59.070 binding the garment around his waist and knees, 00:10:59.070 --> 00:11:01.070 leaving his private parts exposed. 00:11:01.070 --> 00:11:05.620 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:11:05.620 --> 00:11:07.620 It is derived from the hadith 00:11:07.620 --> 00:11:10.500 that fasting on the days of Eid is prohibited, 00:11:10.500 --> 00:11:13.539 and it contains the prohibition of the *samma'* wrap, 00:11:13.539 --> 00:11:17.700 as well as the prohibition of postures in which private parts may be uncovered, 00:11:17.700 --> 00:11:19.220 such as sitting with the knees drawn up (*ihtiba'*). 00:11:19.220 --> 00:11:23.389 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:11:23.549 --> 00:11:28.590 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prohibited two types of sales, 00:11:28.590 --> 00:11:30.590 two types of garments, 00:11:30.590 --> 00:11:32.659 and two times of prayer. 00:11:32.659 --> 00:11:36.980 He prohibited praying after Fajr until the sun rises, 00:11:36.980 --> 00:11:40.419 and after 'Asr until the sun sets; 00:11:40.419 --> 00:11:42.659 he prohibited wrapping oneself in the *samma'* fashion; 00:11:42.659 --> 00:11:45.700 and he prohibited sitting with the knees drawn up in a single garment 00:11:45.700 --> 00:11:48.740 in such a way that exposes one's private parts to the sky; 00:11:48.740 --> 00:11:52.590 and he prohibited *munabadhah* and *mulamasah* sales. 00:11:52.750 --> 00:11:55.309 Commentary on the hadith: 00:11:55.700 --> 00:11:58.659 "Exposing one's private parts to the sky" 00:11:58.659 --> 00:12:02.659 means showing and uncovering one's nakedness without any covering. 00:12:02.659 --> 00:12:04.659 "And *munabadhah*" 00:12:04.659 --> 00:12:10.500 refers to a transaction where a person throws his garment to finalize the sale before the buyer inspects it or looks at it, 00:12:10.500 --> 00:12:12.529 and it has various forms. 00:12:12.529 --> 00:12:14.049 "*Mulamasah*" 00:12:14.049 --> 00:12:17.090 refers to merely touching a garment to finalize the sale without looking at it, 00:12:17.090 --> 00:12:19.440 and it also has various forms. 00:12:19.440 --> 00:12:22.750 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:12:22.990 --> 00:12:24.990 It is derived from the hadith 00:12:24.990 --> 00:12:28.909 that wearing garments that do not conceal the private parts is prohibited, 00:12:28.909 --> 00:12:36.379 as well as the prohibition of specific forms of acts of worship and commercial transactions. 00:12:36.379 --> 00:12:39.500 On the authority of Humayd ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf, 00:12:39.500 --> 00:12:42.139 Abu Hurayrah said: 00:12:42.139 --> 00:12:48.059 "Abu Bakr sent me during that Hajj among the criers on the Day of Sacrifice 00:12:48.059 --> 00:12:50.059 to announce at Mina: 00:12:50.059 --> 00:12:53.500 'No polytheist shall perform Hajj after this year, 00:12:53.580 --> 00:12:56.860 nor shall anyone circumambulate the House naked.'" 00:12:56.860 --> 00:12:58.379 In another narration: 00:12:58.379 --> 00:13:01.899 "And the Day of the Greatest Hajj is the Day of Sacrifice." 00:13:01.899 --> 00:13:05.019 Humayd ibn 'Abd al-Rahman said: 00:13:05.019 --> 00:13:10.059 "Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent 'Ali to follow him, 00:13:10.059 --> 00:13:13.500 and commanded him to proclaim the declaration of disavowal (*Bara'ah*)." 00:13:13.500 --> 00:13:15.500 Abu Hurayrah said: 00:13:15.500 --> 00:13:20.539 "'Ali joined us in making the proclamation to the people of Mina on the Day of Sacrifice: 00:13:20.539 --> 00:13:23.580 'No polytheist shall perform Hajj after this year, 00:13:23.580 --> 00:13:26.779 nor shall anyone circumambulate the House naked.'" 00:13:26.779 --> 00:13:30.029 Commentary on the hadith: 00:13:30.029 --> 00:13:32.539 "During that Hajj" 00:13:32.539 --> 00:13:39.259 refers to the pilgrimage over which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) appointed al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) as leader, 00:13:39.259 --> 00:13:42.539 which took place one year before the Farewell Pilgrimage. 00:13:42.539 --> 00:13:45.700 "Nor shall anyone circumambulate the House naked" 00:13:45.700 --> 00:13:50.820 was the abolition of the pre-Islamic Jahiliyyah practice of performing Tawaf in the nude. 00:13:51.409 --> 00:13:56.210 "Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent 'Ali to follow him" 00:13:56.210 --> 00:14:03.250 means that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) dispatched 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:14:03.250 --> 00:14:06.750 after Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:14:06.750 --> 00:14:08.990 "to proclaim the declaration of disavowal (*Bara'ah*)," 00:14:08.990 --> 00:14:12.110 meaning the opening verses of Surat al-Tawbah. 00:14:12.110 --> 00:14:15.740 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:14:15.740 --> 00:14:17.820 It is derived from the hadith 00:14:17.820 --> 00:14:21.500 that covering the private parts is obligatory during Tawaf and elsewhere, 00:14:21.659 --> 00:14:24.860 along with the clarification of the virtue of Abu Bakr, 00:14:24.860 --> 00:14:29.019 and the virtue of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib. 00:14:29.019 --> 00:14:33.820 Chapter: What has been mentioned regarding the thigh. 00:14:33.820 --> 00:14:36.049 On the authority of Anas: 00:14:36.049 --> 00:14:40.529 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) raided Khaybar, 00:14:40.529 --> 00:14:44.769 and we prayed the morning prayer near it in the darkness before dawn. 00:14:44.769 --> 00:14:46.289 In another narration: 00:14:46.289 --> 00:14:51.809 Whenever the Prophet (peace be upon him) went on a campaign with us against a people, 00:14:51.889 --> 00:14:55.889 he would not attack them until morning came and he observed them; 00:14:55.889 --> 00:14:58.850 if he heard the call to prayer, he would refrain from attacking them, 00:14:58.850 --> 00:15:03.230 and if he did not hear the call to prayer, he would launch the raid against them. 00:15:03.230 --> 00:15:06.830 The Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) rode, 00:15:06.830 --> 00:15:08.990 Abu Talhah rode, 00:15:08.990 --> 00:15:11.789 and I was riding behind Abu Talhah. 00:15:11.789 --> 00:15:17.149 The Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) galloped through the lanes of Khaybar, 00:15:17.230 --> 00:15:23.019 and my knee was touching the thigh of the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:15:23.019 --> 00:15:25.659 Then the lower garment was uncovered from his thigh, 00:15:25.659 --> 00:15:32.179 until I could see the whiteness of the thigh of the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:15:32.179 --> 00:15:35.059 When he entered the town, he said: 00:15:35.059 --> 00:15:36.740 "Allah is the Greatest! 00:15:36.740 --> 00:15:38.580 Khaybar is ruined! 00:15:38.580 --> 00:15:41.779 Indeed, whenever we descend upon the open square of a people, 00:15:41.779 --> 00:15:44.740 evil will be the morning of those who were warned." 00:15:44.740 --> 00:15:46.820 He repeated it three times. 00:15:46.899 --> 00:15:48.019 He said: 00:15:48.019 --> 00:15:50.740 The people had come out to their daily labor, 00:15:50.740 --> 00:15:51.940 and they said: 00:15:51.940 --> 00:15:56.019 "Muhammad and the army (*khamis*)!" 00:15:56.019 --> 00:15:56.980 He said: 00:15:56.980 --> 00:15:59.299 We took it by force, 00:15:59.299 --> 00:16:01.340 and the captives were rounded up. 00:16:01.340 --> 00:16:02.779 In another narration: 00:16:02.779 --> 00:16:07.100 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prevailed over them, 00:16:07.100 --> 00:16:10.960 the combatants were killed, and the dependents were taken captive. 00:16:10.960 --> 00:16:14.320 Dihyah al-Kalbi (may Allah be pleased with him) came 00:16:14.320 --> 00:16:15.519 and said: 00:16:15.600 --> 00:16:17.360 "O Prophet of Allah, 00:16:17.360 --> 00:16:20.320 grant me a slave-girl from the captives." 00:16:20.320 --> 00:16:21.360 He said: 00:16:21.360 --> 00:16:23.919 "Go and take a slave-girl." 00:16:23.919 --> 00:16:26.799 So he took Safiyyah bint Huyayy. 00:16:26.799 --> 00:16:30.879 Then a man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:16:30.879 --> 00:16:32.159 and said: 00:16:32.159 --> 00:16:33.840 "O Prophet of Allah, 00:16:33.840 --> 00:16:37.440 you gave Dihyah Safiyyah bint Huyayy, 00:16:37.440 --> 00:16:40.080 the chief lady of Qurayzah and al-Nadir, 00:16:40.080 --> 00:16:42.820 and she is suitable only for you." 00:16:42.820 --> 00:16:43.860 He said: 00:16:43.860 --> 00:16:45.700 "Call him to bring her." 00:16:45.700 --> 00:16:47.539 So he brought her, 00:16:47.539 --> 00:16:51.779 and when the Prophet (peace be upon him) looked at her, 00:16:51.779 --> 00:16:52.899 he said: 00:16:52.899 --> 00:16:56.419 "Take another slave-girl from the captives." 00:16:56.419 --> 00:16:57.460 He said: 00:16:57.460 --> 00:17:02.639 The Prophet (peace be upon him) then manumitted her and married her. 00:17:02.639 --> 00:17:04.640 Thabit asked him: 00:17:04.640 --> 00:17:06.240 "O Abu Hamzah, 00:17:06.240 --> 00:17:08.160 what was her dowry?" 00:17:08.160 --> 00:17:09.119 He replied: 00:17:09.119 --> 00:17:10.480 "Her own self; 00:17:10.480 --> 00:17:13.460 he manumitted her and made that her marriage." 00:17:13.539 --> 00:17:16.099 On the way back, 00:17:16.099 --> 00:17:18.819 Umm Sulaym prepared her for him 00:17:18.819 --> 00:17:21.539 and brought her to him as a bride during the night, 00:17:21.539 --> 00:17:26.180 so the Prophet (peace be upon him) became a bridegroom by morning. 00:17:26.180 --> 00:17:27.380 He said: 00:17:27.380 --> 00:17:31.059 "Whoever has anything with him, let him bring it." 00:17:31.059 --> 00:17:33.059 And he spread out a leather dining mat. 00:17:33.059 --> 00:17:35.859 One man began bringing dates, 00:17:35.859 --> 00:17:38.900 another began bringing clarified butter, 00:17:38.900 --> 00:17:39.940 and he said: 00:17:39.940 --> 00:17:43.140 "I think he also mentioned parched barley (*sawiq*)." 00:17:43.140 --> 00:17:44.180 He said: 00:17:44.180 --> 00:17:46.420 So they mixed it into a sweet dish (*hays*), 00:17:46.420 --> 00:17:52.099 and that was the wedding feast (*walimah*) of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:17:52.099 --> 00:17:55.390 Commentary on the hadith: 00:17:55.390 --> 00:17:58.269 "Chapter: What has been mentioned regarding the thigh"— 00:17:58.269 --> 00:18:02.910 al-Bukhari did not make a definitive ruling in the chapter heading regarding whether the thigh is considered *'awrah* (private parts) 00:18:02.910 --> 00:18:05.900 due to the strong scholarly difference on that matter. 00:18:05.900 --> 00:18:07.500 "He raided Khaybar" 00:18:07.500 --> 00:18:09.900 took place in the seventh year after the Hijrah. 00:18:09.900 --> 00:18:11.099 *Al-Ghadah* 00:18:11.099 --> 00:18:12.700 refers to the Fajr prayer. 00:18:12.700 --> 00:18:14.059 *Bi-ghalas*: 00:18:14.059 --> 00:18:17.299 *al-ghalas* is the darkness of the end of the night. 00:18:17.299 --> 00:18:18.579 "He galloped" 00:18:18.579 --> 00:18:21.440 means he sped up his riding mount. 00:18:21.440 --> 00:18:22.960 "Through the lanes" (*ziqaq*): 00:18:22.960 --> 00:18:24.160 *al-ziqaq* 00:18:24.160 --> 00:18:27.309 refers to the alleyways and pathways between houses. 00:18:27.309 --> 00:18:28.349 "Uncovered" (*hasara*) 00:18:28.349 --> 00:18:29.710 means it was exposed. 00:18:29.710 --> 00:18:30.910 "The town" (*al-qaryah*) 00:18:30.910 --> 00:18:32.539 refers to Khaybar. 00:18:32.539 --> 00:18:33.740 "Ruined" (*kharibat*) 00:18:33.740 --> 00:18:36.019 means it fell into devastation. 00:18:36.019 --> 00:18:37.299 "Upon the open square" (*bi-sahah*): 00:18:37.299 --> 00:18:38.420 *al-sahah* 00:18:38.420 --> 00:18:41.170 is the open space between dwellings. 00:18:41.170 --> 00:18:42.289 "Evil will be" (*fa-sa'a*) 00:18:42.289 --> 00:18:43.970 is derived from misfortune and distress. 00:18:43.970 --> 00:18:46.049 "The morning of those who were warned": 00:18:46.049 --> 00:18:49.089 the warned person is one who has received a warning, 00:18:49.089 --> 00:18:52.589 which is to incite caution by notifying someone of impending harm. 00:18:52.589 --> 00:18:54.029 "*Al-Khamis*" (the army): 00:18:54.029 --> 00:18:56.190 the army is called *khamis* 00:18:56.190 --> 00:18:59.069 because it is divided into five sections: 00:18:59.069 --> 00:19:01.869 the vanguard/center, the right flank, the left flank, 00:19:01.869 --> 00:19:04.019 and the two wings/rearguard. 00:19:04.019 --> 00:19:06.019 "We took it by force (*'anwah*)" 00:19:06.019 --> 00:19:08.849 means we conquered it through victory and compulsion. 00:19:08.849 --> 00:19:10.849 "She is suitable only for you" 00:19:10.849 --> 00:19:15.309 because she descended from a noble lineage and a household of leadership. 00:19:15.309 --> 00:19:17.150 "What was her dowry (*asdaqaha*)": 00:19:17.150 --> 00:19:19.490 *al-sadaq* is the bridal gift (*mahr*). 00:19:19.490 --> 00:19:21.089 "She prepared her" 00:19:21.089 --> 00:19:23.970 means she adorned and readied her. 00:19:23.970 --> 00:19:25.490 "She brought her" 00:19:25.490 --> 00:19:27.490 means she escorted her as a bride to him. 00:19:27.490 --> 00:19:29.009 "A bridegroom" (*'arus*): 00:19:29.009 --> 00:19:32.480 *al-'arus* is a term applied to both the man and the woman upon marriage. 00:19:32.480 --> 00:19:34.400 "And he spread out a leather mat (*nit'a*)": 00:19:34.400 --> 00:19:37.980 *al-nit'a* is a mat made of cured leather. 00:19:37.980 --> 00:19:39.339 *Al-Sawiq* 00:19:39.339 --> 00:19:42.619 is roasted wheat or barley that is subsequently ground, 00:19:42.619 --> 00:19:44.619 to take it as travel provision. 00:19:44.619 --> 00:19:46.619 So they prepared a dish of *hays*. 00:19:46.619 --> 00:19:47.740 *Hays* 00:19:47.740 --> 00:19:51.839 is a dish made of dates, dried curd (*aqit*), and clarified butter. 00:19:51.839 --> 00:19:53.119 A wedding feast (*walimah*), 00:19:53.119 --> 00:19:55.789 meaning the food served for a wedding. 00:19:55.789 --> 00:19:59.839 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:19:59.839 --> 00:20:01.839 It is derived from the hadith: 00:20:01.839 --> 00:20:06.240 It is permissible for two people to ride on a mount if it can bear the weight. 00:20:06.240 --> 00:20:10.799 It highlights the virtue of jihad in the cause of Allah Almighty. 00:20:10.880 --> 00:20:14.880 The hadith indicates that the thigh is not part of the nakedness (*'awrah*). 00:20:14.880 --> 00:20:18.880 It establishes the recommendation of remembering Allah and proclaiming His greatness (*takbir*) during battle. 00:20:18.880 --> 00:20:23.039 It is recommended for a master to manumit his female slave and marry her, 00:20:23.039 --> 00:20:25.920 and it has been authentically established that he receives a double reward. 00:20:25.920 --> 00:20:30.000 It shows the permissibility of holding the wedding consummation by night or by day. 00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:37.759 It is recommended for the groom’s companions and neighbors to assist him with the wedding feast by contributing food of their own. 00:20:37.759 --> 00:20:39.039 The hadith also indicates 00:20:39.039 --> 00:20:42.559 that the wedding feast is fulfilled with whatever food is available, 00:20:42.559 --> 00:20:44.960 and is not contingent upon slaughtering a sheep; 00:20:44.960 --> 00:20:50.420 the Sunnah is fulfilled even without meat. 00:20:50.420 --> 00:20:51.460 Chapter: 00:20:51.460 --> 00:20:55.380 In how many garments should a woman pray? 00:20:55.380 --> 00:20:57.619 On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said: 00:20:57.619 --> 00:21:04.660 "The believing women used to attend the Fajr prayer with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:21:04.660 --> 00:21:07.779 wrapped closely in their woolen sheets (*murut*), 00:21:07.779 --> 00:21:12.339 then they would return to their homes as soon as they finished the prayer, 00:21:12.339 --> 00:21:16.670 unrecognized by anyone because of the darkness before dawn (*ghalas*)." 00:21:16.670 --> 00:21:20.180 Commentary on the hadith: 00:21:20.180 --> 00:21:22.900 "They used to attend" (*yashhadna*), meaning they were present. 00:21:22.900 --> 00:21:26.339 "Wrapped closely" (*mutalaffi'at*), meaning covered all over 00:21:26.339 --> 00:21:28.019 in their woolen sheets (*bi-murutihinna*). 00:21:28.019 --> 00:21:28.980 The *mirt* 00:21:28.980 --> 00:21:32.880 is a patterned garment made of wool or other materials. 00:21:32.880 --> 00:21:35.920 "They would return" (*yanqalibna*), meaning they would go back. 00:21:36.000 --> 00:21:37.200 *Al-Ghalas* 00:21:37.200 --> 00:21:40.420 is the darkness at the end of the night. 00:21:40.420 --> 00:21:44.109 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:21:44.109 --> 00:21:48.190 The hadith indicates the preference of praying Fajr in the darkness before dawn (*taghlis*) and early in its time, 00:21:48.190 --> 00:21:50.609 though there is a scholarly difference of opinion on the matter. 00:21:50.609 --> 00:21:53.970 It shows the permissibility of women going out at night, 00:21:53.970 --> 00:21:57.579 which is permissible provided there is safety from temptation (*fitnah*). 00:21:57.579 --> 00:22:03.809 It demonstrates that the fundamental principle regarding a woman's state is concealment. 00:22:03.809 --> 00:22:07.170 Chapter: If one prays in a garment with markings 00:22:07.170 --> 00:22:10.289 and looks at its markings. 00:22:10.289 --> 00:22:11.730 On the authority of 'A'ishah, 00:22:11.730 --> 00:22:17.809 that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed in a patterned woolen cloak (*khamisah*) that had markings. 00:22:17.809 --> 00:22:20.930 He cast a glance at its markings, 00:22:20.930 --> 00:22:22.609 and when he finished the prayer, 00:22:22.609 --> 00:22:23.809 he said: 00:22:23.809 --> 00:22:27.890 "Take this *khamisah* of mine to Abu Jahm, 00:22:27.890 --> 00:22:31.759 and bring me the plain, coarse cloak (*anbijaniyyah*) of Abu Jahm, 00:22:31.759 --> 00:22:36.130 for it has just distracted me from my prayer." 00:22:36.130 --> 00:22:37.650 In another narration: 00:22:37.650 --> 00:22:41.329 "I was looking at its markings while in prayer, 00:22:41.329 --> 00:22:44.480 and I feared it would distract me." 00:22:44.480 --> 00:22:47.759 Commentary on the hadith: 00:22:47.759 --> 00:22:51.759 A *khamisah* is a garment made of wool or silk-blend (*khazz*), 00:22:51.759 --> 00:22:55.309 thin, square-shaped, and having decorative markings. 00:22:55.309 --> 00:23:00.880 "Markings" (*a'lam*) refers to the embroidery and stripes found on garments. 00:23:00.880 --> 00:23:05.700 Abu Jahm is 'Amir ibn Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:23:05.700 --> 00:23:07.460 "An *anbijaniyyah*" 00:23:07.460 --> 00:23:10.420 is a coarse cloak without any markings, 00:23:10.420 --> 00:23:14.960 said to be named after a place called Anbijan. 00:23:14.960 --> 00:23:18.079 "It distracted me" (*alhatni*), meaning it preoccupied my attention. 00:23:18.079 --> 00:23:21.680 "Just now" (*anifan*), meaning moments ago. 00:23:21.680 --> 00:23:25.500 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:23:25.500 --> 00:23:27.660 It is derived from the hadith: 00:23:27.660 --> 00:23:30.859 It is permissible to pray in a garment that has markings. 00:23:30.859 --> 00:23:35.980 A minor wandering of the mind during prayer does not invalidate it. 00:23:35.980 --> 00:23:40.220 It emphasizes seeking humility and presence of heart (*khushu'*) in prayer, 00:23:40.220 --> 00:23:43.819 and removing anything that preoccupies the heart and distracts it. 00:23:43.819 --> 00:23:50.819 It is permissible for an imam or scholar to call someone of lesser standing by their agnomen (*kunyah*). 00:23:50.819 --> 00:23:54.900 Chapter: If one prays in a garment with crosses or images, 00:23:54.900 --> 00:23:56.819 does it invalidate his prayer, 00:23:56.819 --> 00:23:59.940 and what has been prohibited regarding that? 00:23:59.940 --> 00:24:02.099 On the authority of Anas, who said: 00:24:02.099 --> 00:24:04.420 'A'ishah had a patterned curtain (*qiram*) 00:24:04.420 --> 00:24:07.460 with which she screened a side of her house. 00:24:07.539 --> 00:24:10.980 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:24:10.980 --> 00:24:14.259 "Remove this curtain of yours from our sight, 00:24:14.259 --> 00:24:19.839 for its images have not ceased to present themselves before me during my prayer." 00:24:19.839 --> 00:24:22.960 Commentary on the hadith: 00:24:22.960 --> 00:24:24.079 *Qiram* 00:24:24.079 --> 00:24:26.720 is a screen or curtain featuring decorative patterns. 00:24:26.720 --> 00:24:28.559 "A side of her house", 00:24:28.559 --> 00:24:29.599 what is meant 00:24:29.599 --> 00:24:31.259 is the wall. 00:24:31.259 --> 00:24:32.539 "Remove" (*amiti*), 00:24:32.539 --> 00:24:34.299 meaning take it away. 00:24:34.299 --> 00:24:35.660 "Its images" (*tasawiruhu*), 00:24:35.660 --> 00:24:37.339 meaning its decorative patterns. 00:24:37.339 --> 00:24:38.380 "Present themselves" (*ta'ridu*), 00:24:38.380 --> 00:24:40.779 meaning appear before me. 00:24:40.779 --> 00:24:44.480 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:24:44.480 --> 00:24:46.480 It is derived from the hadith: 00:24:46.480 --> 00:24:49.839 One should avoid whatever impairs humility and presence of heart in prayer, 00:24:49.839 --> 00:24:52.480 and eliminate the causes of distraction. 00:24:52.480 --> 00:24:59.970 The hadith also provides evidence that all forms of prohibited imagery are forbidden. 00:24:59.970 --> 00:25:05.250 Chapter: One who prays in a silk tunic (*farruj*) and then removes it. 00:25:05.250 --> 00:25:08.049 On the authority of 'Uqbah ibn 'Amir, who said: 00:25:08.130 --> 00:25:13.170 A silk tunic was gifted to the Prophet (peace be upon him), 00:25:13.170 --> 00:25:15.730 so he put it on and prayed in it. 00:25:15.730 --> 00:25:17.329 Then he finished the prayer, 00:25:17.329 --> 00:25:21.329 took it off forcefully as though he disliked it, 00:25:21.329 --> 00:25:26.819 and said, "This is not fitting for the God-fearing." 00:25:26.819 --> 00:25:29.920 Commentary on the hadith: 00:25:29.920 --> 00:25:31.279 "Was gifted": 00:25:31.279 --> 00:25:35.779 The person who gifted it was Ukaydir, the ruler of Dumah al-Jandal. 00:25:35.779 --> 00:25:37.619 A "silk tunic" (*farruj harir*) 00:25:37.619 --> 00:25:40.579 is a garment with tight sleeves and waist, 00:25:40.579 --> 00:25:42.500 slit from behind, 00:25:42.500 --> 00:25:45.700 worn tucked up for ease of movement in battle and travel, 00:25:45.700 --> 00:25:48.319 and was typically the attire of non-Arabs. 00:25:48.319 --> 00:25:49.599 "He took it off": 00:25:49.599 --> 00:25:53.500 because silk is prohibited for men. 00:25:53.500 --> 00:25:54.940 "Not fitting" (*la yanbaghi*), 00:25:54.940 --> 00:25:57.230 meaning it is not permissible. 00:25:57.230 --> 00:26:01.039 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:26:01.039 --> 00:26:03.119 It is derived from the hadith: 00:26:03.119 --> 00:26:06.160 Wearing silk is strictly forbidden for men. 00:26:06.160 --> 00:26:08.799 The prayer performed in a silk garment remains valid, 00:26:08.799 --> 00:26:11.069 though there is a scholarly difference of opinion on the matter. 00:26:11.069 --> 00:26:17.170 It shows the permissibility of accepting a gift from a polytheist. 00:26:17.170 --> 00:26:22.160 Chapter: Praying on roofs, the pulpit, and wooden structures. 00:26:22.160 --> 00:26:24.880 On the authority of Abu Hazim ibn Dinar, 00:26:24.880 --> 00:26:28.799 that some men came to Sahl ibn Sa'd al-Sa'idi 00:26:28.799 --> 00:26:31.359 when they had differed concerning the pulpit, 00:26:31.359 --> 00:26:33.119 as to what type of wood it was made of. 00:26:33.119 --> 00:26:35.279 So they asked him about that, 00:26:35.279 --> 00:26:36.640 and he said: 00:26:36.640 --> 00:26:40.000 "By Allah, I surely know what it is made of, 00:26:40.079 --> 00:26:43.519 and I saw it the very first day it was set up, 00:26:43.519 --> 00:26:49.549 and the first day the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sat upon it. 00:26:49.549 --> 00:26:54.269 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent a message to so-and-so," 00:26:54.269 --> 00:26:57.309 a woman whom Sahl named, 00:26:57.309 --> 00:26:59.710 "saying: 'Instruct your carpenter slave 00:26:59.710 --> 00:27:01.710 to make wooden steps for me 00:27:01.710 --> 00:27:05.549 so that I may sit upon them when I address the people.' 00:27:05.549 --> 00:27:06.910 So she gave the order, 00:27:06.910 --> 00:27:09.950 and he made them from the tamarisk wood of the Forest (*al-Ghabah*). 00:27:09.950 --> 00:27:11.950 Then he brought it, 00:27:11.950 --> 00:27:16.509 and she sent it to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:27:16.509 --> 00:27:18.109 He then gave the instruction for it, 00:27:18.109 --> 00:27:20.500 and it was placed right here. 00:27:20.500 --> 00:27:25.779 Then I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) pray upon it; 00:27:25.779 --> 00:27:28.339 he uttered the *takbir* while standing on it, 00:27:28.339 --> 00:27:31.059 then bowed while on it, 00:27:31.059 --> 00:27:33.380 then stepped backward 00:27:33.380 --> 00:27:35.859 and prostrated at the base of the pulpit. 00:27:35.859 --> 00:27:37.539 Then he returned to it, 00:27:37.539 --> 00:27:39.140 and when he finished, 00:27:39.140 --> 00:27:41.779 he turned to the people and said: 00:27:41.779 --> 00:27:43.539 'O people, 00:27:43.539 --> 00:27:45.779 I have only done this 00:27:45.779 --> 00:27:50.670 so that you may follow me and learn my manner of prayer.'" 00:27:50.670 --> 00:27:54.160 Commentary on the hadith: 00:27:54.160 --> 00:27:55.440 "They differed" (*imtaraw*), 00:27:55.440 --> 00:27:56.880 meaning they were in doubt, 00:27:56.880 --> 00:27:59.180 and it is also said they debated. 00:27:59.180 --> 00:28:00.700 "What type of wood it was made of" (*min mu'awwadih*), 00:28:00.700 --> 00:28:03.779 meaning from which tree it was crafted. 00:28:03.779 --> 00:28:06.660 "And I saw it the very first day it was set up, 00:28:06.740 --> 00:28:12.019 and the first day the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sat upon it." 00:28:12.019 --> 00:28:16.420 This emphatic addition, reinforced by the particle *la-* and the word *qad*, 00:28:16.420 --> 00:28:20.740 serves to demonstrate his firm and precise knowledge of what they asked him. 00:28:20.740 --> 00:28:22.259 "Instruct your slave": 00:28:22.259 --> 00:28:23.779 His name was Maymun, 00:28:23.779 --> 00:28:26.000 and other names have also been reported. 00:28:26.000 --> 00:28:27.519 "From tamarisk" (*min tarfa'*): 00:28:27.519 --> 00:28:31.230 This is a well-known desert tree. 00:28:31.230 --> 00:28:32.509 *Al-Ghabah* 00:28:32.509 --> 00:28:36.109 is an area located nine miles from Medina, 00:28:36.109 --> 00:28:39.309 where the camels of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:28:39.309 --> 00:28:42.140 used to stay for grazing. 00:28:42.140 --> 00:28:44.380 "Then he stepped backward" (*nazala al-qahqara*), 00:28:44.380 --> 00:28:46.819 meaning he moved backward without turning around. 00:28:46.819 --> 00:28:49.299 "And prostrated at the base of the pulpit", 00:28:49.299 --> 00:28:50.579 meaning upon the ground 00:28:50.579 --> 00:28:54.019 beside its lowest step. 00:28:54.019 --> 00:28:57.519 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:28:57.519 --> 00:28:59.599 It is derived from the hadith: 00:28:59.599 --> 00:29:03.789 It is recommended to review knowledge and engage in scholarly discussion about it. 00:29:03.789 --> 00:29:05.789 The one who was present and memorized the details 00:29:05.869 --> 00:29:08.990 is an authority over the one who did not. 00:29:08.990 --> 00:29:13.710 Asking the scholar is the key to knowledge and understanding. 00:29:13.710 --> 00:29:17.630 Walking a few steps during prayer does not invalidate it, 00:29:17.630 --> 00:29:22.779 and likewise, minor movement done for the benefit of the prayer does not invalidate it. 00:29:22.779 --> 00:29:24.059 The hadith also shows 00:29:24.059 --> 00:29:28.299 that the imam may teach the congregation the actions of prayer through practical demonstration, 00:29:28.299 --> 00:29:30.539 which is far more impactful and effective in the mind.