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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Saffat.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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"Gather those who committed injustice, along with their spouses and what they used to worship."

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“Instead of Allah, and lead them to the path to hell;” (37:23)

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Assemble those who disbelieved in Allah during their worldly life.

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And their cohorts, who followed them in their disbelief in Allah.

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And those they used to worship besides Allah, from among the deities.

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Then direct them to the path of Hell.

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"And stop them, for they are to be questioned."

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“What aileth you that ye help not one another?” (37:25)

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“Nay, but this day they make full submission.” (37:26)

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Restrain them, O angels—these polytheists and their spouses.

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For they are to be held accountable for what they worshipped besides Allah.

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"What is the matter with you, O polytheists, that you do not help one another?"

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Rather, they are today submissive to the decree and judgment of Allah regarding them.

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Certain of His punishment.

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And they will turn to one another, questioning.

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“They say: Lo! ye used to come unto us, imposing, (swearing that ye spoke the truth).” (37:28)

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“They answer: Nay, but ye (yourselves) were not believers.” (37:29)

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“We had no power over you, but ye were wayward folk.” (37:30)

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“We had no power over you, but ye were wayward folk.” (37:30)

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And the humans will turn to the jinn, questioning.

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The humans will say to the jinn:

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"You, O jinn, used to come to us under the guise of religion and truth."

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"Deceiving us with the most persuasive arguments."

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The jinn will reply:

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"Rather, you yourselves were not believers in the oneness of Allah."

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"We had no authority over you to turn you away from faith."

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"But you, O polytheists, were a people who transgressed against Allah."

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"Exceeding the bounds by committing acts of disobedience to Allah that you had no right to commit."

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“Now the Word of our Lord hath been fulfilled concerning us. Lo! we are about to taste (the doom).” (37:31)

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"We are indeed those who will taste [the punishment]."

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“Thus we misled you. Lo! we were (ourselves) astray.” (37:32)

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"So the punishment of our Lord has become due upon us."

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"We shall indeed taste the punishment, we and you, because of the sins and disobedience we committed in the world."

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"And we led you astray from the path of Allah and faith in Him."

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"We ourselves were astray."

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“Then lo! this day they (both) are sharers in the doom.” (37:33)

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“Lo! thus deal We with the guilty.” (37:34)

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Then We shall make them taste the painful punishment.

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And We shall gather them and their companions in the Fire.

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“For when it was said unto them, There is no Allah save Allah, they were scornful” (37:35)

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And they will say, "Are we to abandon our gods for the sake of a mad poet?"

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“Nay, but he brought the Truth, and he confirmed those sent (before him).” (37:37)

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And these polytheists who disbelieve in Allah,

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In the world, when it was said to them, "Say: There is no god but Allah,"

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They would act arrogantly and refuse to say it.

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And they would say, "Shall we abandon the worship of our gods to follow a mad poet?"

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But they lied; Muhammad (peace be upon him) was not as they described him.

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Rather, he is a Prophet of Allah who brought the Qur'an from Him.

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And he confirmed the messengers who came before him.

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"You are indeed those who will taste the painful punishment."

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“Ye are requited naught save what ye did -” (37:39)

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You, O polytheists, will indeed taste the agonizing punishment in the Hereafter.

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And you will not be recompensed in the Hereafter except for what you used to do in the world of disobedience to Allah.

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Except for the chosen servants of Allah.

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“For them there is a known provision,” (37:41)

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Fruits, and they will be honored.

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In the Gardens of Bliss.

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On thrones, facing one another.

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“A cup from a gushing spring is brought round for them,” (37:45)

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White, delicious to those who drink.

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“Wherein there is no headache nor are they made mad thereby.” (37:47)

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Except for the servants of Allah whom He chose for His mercy the day He created them.

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For they shall not taste the punishment.

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These chosen ones will have a known provision.

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Which is the fruits that Allah has created for them in Paradise.

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And they will be honored with the honor that Allah has bestowed upon them in the Gardens of Bliss.

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On thrones, facing one another.

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Servants will circulate among them with a cup of flowing wine.

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Visible to their eyes, not murky.

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A cup of wine that its drinkers find delicious.

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There is no harm in this wine, nor will it cause them distress in body or mind.

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Nor anything else [of that nature].

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Nor will their minds be clouded by drinking it.

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And with them will be those who restrain their glances.

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As if they were hidden pearls.

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And with these chosen ones in Paradise,

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Are women who restrain their glances for their husbands alone.

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And do not extend their gaze to anyone else.

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With large, beautiful eyes.

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As if they were hidden pearls.

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They are likened in their whiteness to the fact that they have not been touched before their husbands by any human or jinn.

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To the whiteness of the egg that is inside the shell.

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Which is the membrane covering the yolk.

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Before it is touched by a hand or anything else.

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As for the outer shell,

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A bird touches it, and hands handle it.

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“And some of them draw near unto others, mutually questioning.” (37:50)

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“A speaker of them saith: Lo! I had a comrade” (37:51)

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“Who used to say: Art thou in truth of those who put faith (in his words)?” (37:52)

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“Can we, when we are dead and have become mere dust and bones - can we (then) verily be brought to book?” (37:53)

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Then some of the people of Paradise will turn to one another, questioning.

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A speaker among the people of Paradise will say:

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“A speaker of them saith: Lo! I had a comrade” (37:51)

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That companion was a devil.

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That companion used to say to him:

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"Are you indeed among those who believe in the resurrection after death?"

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"When we have died and become dust and bones,"

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"Are we indeed to be held accountable and recompensed?"

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He will say, "Will you look down?"

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So he will look down and see him in the midst of Hell.

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He will say, "By Allah, you almost ruined me."

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“And had it not been for the favour of my Lord, I too had been of those haled forth (to doom).” (37:57)

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This believer who was admitted to Paradise will say to his companions:

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"Will you look down into the Fire?"

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"Perhaps I might see my companion."

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They will say, "Yes."

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So he will look down into the Fire and see him in the middle of Hell.

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He will say to him:

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"By Allah, you almost destroyed me in the world by turning me away from belief in the resurrection."

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"And had it not been for the favor of my Lord in guiding me and granting me success to believe in the resurrection,"

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"I would have been among those brought [to punishment] with you."

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"Are we then not to die?"

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“Saving our former death, and are we not to be punished?” (37:59)

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"Indeed, this is the great success."

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“For the like of this, then, let the workers work.” (37:61)

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"Are we not to die, other than our first death in the world?"

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"And are we not to be punished after entering Paradise?"

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"Indeed, this which Allah has given us of honor in Paradise,"

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"That we shall not be punished and we shall not die,"

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"Is truly the great salvation from what we used to fear in the world regarding the punishment of Allah."

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Allah, the Exalted, says:

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For the likes of this which I have given these believers of honor in the Hereafter,

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Let the workers work in the world for their own souls.

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So that they may attain what these have attained through the obedience of their Lord.

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Is that better as a welcome, or the tree of Zaqqum?

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Indeed, We have made it a trial for the wrongdoers.

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Is this which I have given these believers of My honor in Paradise better?

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Or what I have prepared for the people of the Fire of Zaqqum?

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Indeed, We have made it a trial for these polytheists.

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Who said, "How can trees grow in the Fire?"

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"When the Fire burns trees?"

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“Lo! it is a tree that springeth in the heart of hell.” (37:64)

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“Its crop is as it were the heads of devils” (37:65)

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“And lo! they verily must eat thereof, and fill (their) bellies therewith.” (37:66)

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“Lo! it is a tree that springeth in the heart of hell.” (37:64)

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It is nourished by the Fire, and from it, it was created.

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The fruit of the tree of Zaqqum, in its ugliness and repulsiveness, is like the heads of devils.

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For these polytheists, for whom Allah has made this tree a trial,

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Will be eaters from this tree, which is the tree of Zaqqum.

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Filling their bellies with its Zaqqum.

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“And afterward, lo! their return is surely unto hell.” (37:68)

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They found their fathers astray.

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“But they make haste (to follow) in their footsteps.” (37:70)

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These polytheists, along with what they eat from the tree of Zaqqum,

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Will have a mixture of scalding water.

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Which has been heated until its heat has reached its peak.

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Then their destination is to Hell.

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These polytheists found their fathers astray from the right path.

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So they hasten along their path.

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To follow in their footsteps and their tradition.

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“And verily most of the men of old went astray before them,” (37:71)

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“And verily We sent among them warners.” (37:72)

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So observe how the end of those who were warned was.

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Except for the chosen servants of Allah.

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And indeed, O Muhammad, most of the nations before your people went astray from the right path.

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And We sent among the nations that passed before you warners to warn them of Our might.

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So contemplate and observe how We destroyed those who were warned.

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Except for the servants of Allah whom We chose for faith in Allah and His messengers.

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And Noah called upon Us, and how excellent were the responders.

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“And We saved him and his household from the great distress,” (37:76)

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“And made his seed the survivors,” (37:77)

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The Almighty says:

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Noah called upon Us, asking Us for the destruction of his people.

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And how excellent were We as responders when he called upon Us.

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So We answered his prayer and destroyed his people.

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And We saved him and his family who boarded the ship with him.

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From the harm and distress he was in from the disbelievers.

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And from the agony of the flood and drowning.

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And We made the descendants of Noah those who remained on the earth after the destruction of his people.

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The non-Arabs and the Arabs are from the children of Sam ibn Noah.

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The Turks, the Slavs, and the Khazars are the children of Yafith ibn Noah.

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The Sudanese are the children of Ham ibn Noah.

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This is what the reports have stated and what the scholars have said.

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And We left for him [a favorable mention] among the later generations.

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“Peace be unto Noah among the peoples!” (37:79)

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Indeed, thus do We reward the doers of good.

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He is among Our believing servants.

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Then We drowned the others.

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And We preserved for Noah a beautiful mention and good praise.

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Among those who came after him, they remember him for it.

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A security from Allah for Noah among the worlds that anyone should mention him with evil.

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Indeed, just as We did with Noah as a reward for his obedience to Us,

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So do We reward those who do good and obey Us.

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Noah is among Our servants who believed in Us.

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They affirmed Our oneness and devoted their worship to Us.

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Then We drowned those who remained of his people when We saved Noah and his family from the great distress.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.