1 00:00:00,780 --> 00:00:09,779 *Riyad al-Salihin* (The Meadows of the Righteous) from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 2 00:00:09,779 --> 00:00:16,120 Chapter: The Prohibition of Injustice and the Command to Redress Injustices. 3 00:00:16,120 --> 00:00:25,140 On the authority of Abu Humayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Sa'd al-Sa'idi (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 4 00:00:25,140 --> 00:00:30,199 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) appointed a man from the Azd tribe, 5 00:00:30,199 --> 00:00:35,200 known as Ibn al-Lutbiyyah, to collect zakat. 6 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:41,229 When he returned, he said, "This is for you, and this was gifted to me." 7 00:00:41,229 --> 00:00:46,229 Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) mounted the pulpit, 8 00:00:46,229 --> 00:00:49,229 praised and glorified Allah, 9 00:00:49,229 --> 00:00:52,229 and then said, "To proceed: 10 00:00:52,229 --> 00:00:58,229 I appoint men from among you to oversee duties that Allah has entrusted to my authority, 11 00:00:58,229 --> 00:01:05,230 yet one of you comes and says, 'This is for you, and this is a gift presented to me.' 12 00:01:05,230 --> 00:01:13,459 Why did he not remain in his father's or mother's house to see if his gifts would be brought to him, if he is indeed truthful? 13 00:01:13,459 --> 00:01:17,459 By Allah, none of you takes anything unlawfully 14 00:01:17,459 --> 00:01:22,459 except that he will meet Allah Almighty on the Day of Resurrection carrying it! 15 00:01:22,459 --> 00:01:28,549 Let me not catch any one of you meeting Allah carrying a grunting camel, 16 00:01:28,549 --> 00:01:33,549 a mooing cow, or a bleating sheep!" 17 00:01:33,549 --> 00:01:38,709 Then he raised his hands until the whiteness of his armpits was visible, 18 00:01:38,709 --> 00:01:43,709 and said, "O Allah, have I conveyed the message?" three times. 19 00:01:43,709 --> 00:01:46,709 Agreed upon. 20 00:01:46,709 --> 00:01:51,670 "Appointed" means he was charged with collecting zakat. 21 00:01:52,799 --> 00:01:56,799 "Ibn al-Lutbiyyah" is an attribution to Banu Lutb, 22 00:01:56,799 --> 00:02:00,799 a clan of the Azd tribe, and his given name was 'Abdullah. 23 00:02:00,799 --> 00:02:06,900 "Entrusted to my authority" means Allah granted me disposal and stewardship over it. 24 00:02:06,900 --> 00:02:11,090 "Grunting" is the sound made by a camel. 25 00:02:11,090 --> 00:02:14,120 "Mooing" is the sound made by cattle. 26 00:02:14,120 --> 00:02:18,659 "Bleating" refers to the cry of a sheep or goat. 27 00:02:18,659 --> 00:02:20,909 Key benefits of the hadith: 28 00:02:20,909 --> 00:02:24,909 The ruler dispatches collectors to gather zakat 29 00:02:24,909 --> 00:02:29,199 and then distributes it equitably to those entitled to it. 30 00:02:29,199 --> 00:02:32,199 Gifts given to public officials are a form of misappropriation and bribery; 31 00:02:32,199 --> 00:02:37,199 hence, officials are not entitled to receive exclusive personal gifts from the public. 32 00:02:37,199 --> 00:02:42,199 Consequently, when employees accept money and gifts in their official capacity, 33 00:02:42,199 --> 00:02:44,199 it constitutes the unlawful consumption of wealth. 34 00:02:44,199 --> 00:02:50,550 An official has no right to exploit his post for personal gain. 35 00:02:50,550 --> 00:02:53,550 Whoever takes people's wealth unlawfully, 36 00:02:53,550 --> 00:02:56,550 Allah will disgrace him in front of all witnesses on the Day of Resurrection. 37 00:02:56,550 --> 00:03:03,319 Every wrongdoer will be brought carrying the very thing he wrongfully took on the Day of Resurrection. 38 00:03:03,319 --> 00:03:07,319 The Prophetic methodology in counseling and admonishing 39 00:03:07,319 --> 00:03:10,319 relies on addressing matters generally rather than singling out individuals publicly, 40 00:03:10,319 --> 00:03:13,319 for this serves a legitimate legislative interest; 41 00:03:13,319 --> 00:03:16,699 thus, his address was delivered to the general public. 42 00:03:17,699 --> 00:03:21,699 A clear indication that provision is obtained through personal endeavor, 43 00:03:21,699 --> 00:03:25,699 as highlighted in his statement (peace be upon him): 44 00:03:25,699 --> 00:03:28,699 "Why did he not remain in his father's or mother's house 45 00:03:28,699 --> 00:03:33,699 to see if his gifts would be brought to him, if he is indeed truthful?" 46 00:03:33,699 --> 00:03:37,930 The recommendation of raising the hands in supplication. 47 00:03:37,930 --> 00:03:42,370 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 48 00:03:42,370 --> 00:03:46,370 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 49 00:03:46,370 --> 00:03:49,460 "Whoever has wronged his brother 50 00:03:49,460 --> 00:03:52,460 in his honor or anything else, 51 00:03:52,460 --> 00:03:54,460 let him seek his pardon today, 52 00:03:54,460 --> 00:03:58,460 before there is neither dinar nor dirham. 53 00:03:58,460 --> 00:04:01,460 If he possesses righteous deeds, 54 00:04:01,460 --> 00:04:04,460 they will be taken from him in proportion to his wrongdoing; 55 00:04:04,460 --> 00:04:07,460 and if he has no good deeds, 56 00:04:07,460 --> 00:04:10,460 the bad deeds of the aggrieved party will be taken 57 00:04:10,460 --> 00:04:12,560 and cast upon him." 58 00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:14,560 Recorded by al-Bukhari. 59 00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:19,649 "Wronged" refers to any right of another that one has unjustly violated. 60 00:04:19,649 --> 00:04:24,779 "Honor" refers to the aspects of a person's reputation subject to praise and blame. 61 00:04:24,779 --> 00:04:27,000 "Let him seek his pardon" 62 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:32,000 means he must clear his liability by restoring the right or obtaining the victim's forgiveness. 63 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:36,019 Key benefits of the hadith: 64 00:04:36,019 --> 00:04:38,180 The strict prohibition of injustice, 65 00:04:38,180 --> 00:04:41,180 and urging the wrongdoer to absolve himself of his injustice 66 00:04:41,180 --> 00:04:46,180 before a Day comes when the excuses of wrongdoers will be of no avail. 67 00:04:46,180 --> 00:04:48,470 The rights of people 68 00:04:48,470 --> 00:04:53,470 are not forgiven by Allah unless they are returned to their rightful owners. 69 00:04:53,470 --> 00:04:55,819 Dinars and dirhams 70 00:04:55,819 --> 00:04:59,819 are mere worldly instruments to secure benefits; 71 00:04:59,819 --> 00:05:01,819 but on the Day of Resurrection, 72 00:05:01,819 --> 00:05:04,949 settlement is made through good deeds and bad deeds. 73 00:05:04,949 --> 00:05:06,949 Good and bad deeds 74 00:05:06,949 --> 00:05:11,430 will be weighed on the Day of Resurrection in exact proportion to the wrongs committed. 75 00:05:11,430 --> 00:05:13,430 Righteous deeds 76 00:05:13,430 --> 00:05:18,430 are spoiled and stripped of their reward by wronging and harming others. 77 00:05:18,430 --> 00:05:24,810 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported 78 00:05:24,810 --> 00:05:28,810 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 79 00:05:28,810 --> 00:05:33,870 "A true Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand the Muslims are safe, 80 00:05:33,870 --> 00:05:37,899 and the true emigrant is the one who abandons what Allah has forbidden." 81 00:05:37,899 --> 00:05:39,899 Agreed upon, 82 00:05:39,899 --> 00:05:41,899 and the wording is that of al-Bukhari. 83 00:05:41,899 --> 00:05:45,899 Key benefits of the hadith: 84 00:05:45,899 --> 00:05:48,899 The best of Muslims and the most complete of believers 85 00:05:48,899 --> 00:05:53,899 are those who fulfill both the rights of Allah Almighty and the rights of Muslims. 86 00:05:53,899 --> 00:05:58,279 Transgression may occur through actions or through words. 87 00:05:58,279 --> 00:06:04,889 One must abandon acts of disobedience and strictly adhere to what Allah Almighty has commanded. 88 00:06:04,889 --> 00:06:06,889 Whoever maintains good conduct with his Lord 89 00:06:06,889 --> 00:06:11,889 must likewise maintain good conduct with his fellow Muslims, 90 00:06:11,889 --> 00:06:16,889 for true faith yields righteous deeds and wholesome speech. 91 00:06:16,889 --> 00:06:21,180 Emigration is of two kinds: outward and inward. 92 00:06:21,180 --> 00:06:26,180 The outward emigration is to flee with one's religion from trials and tribulations, 93 00:06:26,180 --> 00:06:30,180 moving from the abode of disbelief to the abode of Islam, 94 00:06:30,180 --> 00:06:33,180 or from a land of fear to a land of security. 95 00:06:33,180 --> 00:06:38,620 The inward emigration is to abandon the base desires and whims of the self, 96 00:06:38,620 --> 00:06:44,620 curbing its impulses and disciplining it upon obedience to its Creator. 97 00:06:44,620 --> 00:06:50,810 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: 98 00:06:50,810 --> 00:06:54,939 Appointed over the personal baggage of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 99 00:06:54,939 --> 00:06:59,939 was a man named Karkarah, who died. 100 00:06:59,939 --> 00:07:03,939 Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 101 00:07:03,939 --> 00:07:08,029 "He is in the Fire." The people went to inspect his belongings 102 00:07:08,029 --> 00:07:11,029 and found a cloak that he had stolen from the spoils of war. 103 00:07:11,029 --> 00:07:14,160 Recorded by al-Bukhari. 104 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:20,439 "Baggage" refers to heavy luggage and dependent traveling companions. 105 00:07:20,439 --> 00:07:25,600 "Cloak" refers to an outer garment with black stripes. 106 00:07:25,600 --> 00:07:28,730 "Misappropriation" (*ghulul*) signifies breach of trust, 107 00:07:28,730 --> 00:07:32,730 specifically the illicit taking of war booty prior to its legitimate division. 108 00:07:32,730 --> 00:07:36,689 Key benefits of the hadith: 109 00:07:36,689 --> 00:07:40,910 The prohibition of misappropriating public property, whether in small or large amounts. 110 00:07:40,910 --> 00:07:46,910 Embezzling the public wealth of the Muslims is therefore among the major sins, 111 00:07:46,910 --> 00:07:49,910 condemning its perpetrator to the Hellfire, 112 00:07:49,910 --> 00:07:55,319 whether the amount taken is meager or abundant. 113 00:07:55,319 --> 00:08:00,319 On the authority of Abu Bakrah Nufay' ibn al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with him), 114 00:08:00,319 --> 00:08:04,379 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 115 00:08:04,379 --> 00:08:10,379 "Time has completed its cycle, returning to the state it was in on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. 116 00:08:10,379 --> 00:08:13,540 The year is twelve months, 117 00:08:13,540 --> 00:08:15,540 four of which are sacred: 118 00:08:15,540 --> 00:08:17,540 three consecutive months— 119 00:08:17,540 --> 00:08:21,540 Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, and al-Muharram— 120 00:08:21,540 --> 00:08:23,540 and Rajab of Mudar, 121 00:08:23,540 --> 00:08:26,540 which falls between Jumada and Sha'ban. 122 00:08:26,540 --> 00:08:28,829 What month is this?" 123 00:08:28,829 --> 00:08:30,829 We replied, 124 00:08:30,829 --> 00:08:33,830 "Allah and His Messenger know best." 125 00:08:33,830 --> 00:08:34,830 He remained silent 126 00:08:34,830 --> 00:08:39,830 until we thought he would call it by another name. 127 00:08:39,830 --> 00:08:40,830 He said, 128 00:08:40,830 --> 00:08:42,830 "Is it not Dhu al-Hijjah?" 129 00:08:42,830 --> 00:08:44,899 We replied, "Indeed it is." 130 00:08:44,899 --> 00:08:45,899 He asked, 131 00:08:45,899 --> 00:08:48,960 "What land is this?" 132 00:08:48,960 --> 00:08:49,960 We replied, 133 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:52,960 "Allah and His Messenger know best." 134 00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:53,960 He remained silent 135 00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:58,960 until we thought he would call it by another name. 136 00:08:58,960 --> 00:08:59,960 He said, 137 00:08:59,960 --> 00:09:01,960 "Is it not the Sacred City?" 138 00:09:01,960 --> 00:09:04,090 We replied, "Indeed it is." 139 00:09:04,090 --> 00:09:05,090 He asked, 140 00:09:05,090 --> 00:09:08,090 "What day is this?" 141 00:09:08,090 --> 00:09:09,090 We replied, 142 00:09:09,090 --> 00:09:12,090 "Allah and His Messenger know best." 143 00:09:12,090 --> 00:09:13,090 He remained silent 144 00:09:13,090 --> 00:09:18,220 until we thought he would call it by another name. 145 00:09:18,220 --> 00:09:19,220 He said, 146 00:09:19,220 --> 00:09:21,220 "Is it not the Day of Sacrifice?" 147 00:09:21,220 --> 00:09:23,379 We replied, "Indeed it is." 148 00:09:23,379 --> 00:09:24,379 He said, 149 00:09:24,379 --> 00:09:30,379 "Verily, your blood, your property, and your honor are inviolable to one another, 150 00:09:30,379 --> 00:09:32,379 as sacred as this day of yours, 151 00:09:32,379 --> 00:09:34,379 in this city of yours, 152 00:09:34,379 --> 00:09:37,379 in this month of yours. 153 00:09:37,379 --> 00:09:41,379 You shall surely meet your Lord, and He will ask you about your deeds. 154 00:09:41,379 --> 00:09:48,629 Beware! Do not revert after me to disbelievers, striking one another's necks! 155 00:09:48,629 --> 00:09:51,629 Let the one who is present convey this to the one who is absent, 156 00:09:51,629 --> 00:09:57,629 for perhaps the one to whom it is conveyed will understand it better than some who heard it directly." 157 00:09:57,629 --> 00:09:59,860 Then he said, 158 00:09:59,860 --> 00:10:01,860 "Have I not conveyed the message? 159 00:10:01,860 --> 00:10:03,860 Have I not conveyed the message?" 160 00:10:03,860 --> 00:10:05,860 We said, "Yes!" 161 00:10:05,860 --> 00:10:06,860 He said, 162 00:10:06,860 --> 00:10:08,860 "O Allah, bear witness!" 163 00:10:08,860 --> 00:10:13,230 Agreed upon. 164 00:10:13,230 --> 00:10:14,230 "Completed its cycle" 165 00:10:14,230 --> 00:10:18,230 means it returned to its original arrangement of years, 166 00:10:18,230 --> 00:10:21,230 and the year to its natural division into months, 167 00:10:21,230 --> 00:10:24,230 in accordance with the words of the Almighty: 168 00:10:24,230 --> 00:10:33,230 “Lo! the number of the months with Allah is twelve months by Allah's ordinance in the day that He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred: that is the right religion. So wrong not yourselves in them. And wage war on all of the idolaters as they are waging war on all of you. And know that Allah is with those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:36) 169 00:10:33,230 --> 00:10:36,519 "Four of which are sacred." 170 00:10:36,519 --> 00:10:37,519 "Its state" 171 00:10:37,519 --> 00:10:40,519 signifies its original form, order, and condition. 172 00:10:40,519 --> 00:10:42,840 "Four sacred months" 173 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:47,029 means it is forbidden to initiate warfare during them. 174 00:10:47,029 --> 00:10:49,029 "Rajab of Mudar" 175 00:10:49,029 --> 00:10:51,029 was attributed to the tribe of Mudar 176 00:10:51,029 --> 00:10:56,029 because they were the most diligent of tribes in observing its sanctity. 177 00:10:56,029 --> 00:10:59,379 "As sacred as this day of yours" 178 00:10:59,379 --> 00:11:02,379 emphasizes the enormity of committing a transgression on such a day. 179 00:11:02,379 --> 00:11:03,610 "More attentive / better grasp" (*aw'a*) 180 00:11:03,610 --> 00:11:05,610 means possessing greater comprehension. 181 00:11:05,610 --> 00:11:09,500 Key benefits of the hadith: 182 00:11:09,500 --> 00:11:11,730 The invalidation of intercalary postponement (*al-nasi'*), 183 00:11:11,730 --> 00:11:13,730 which was a practice of pre-Islamic ignorance: 184 00:11:13,730 --> 00:11:17,730 whenever they wished to wage war in the sacred months, 185 00:11:17,730 --> 00:11:22,730 they would treat them as permissible and defer the sacred status to subsequent months, 186 00:11:22,730 --> 00:11:25,730 thereby also delaying the time of the Hajj pilgrimage. 187 00:11:25,730 --> 00:11:31,139 A Muslim's blood, honor, and property are inviolable to his fellow Muslim; 188 00:11:31,139 --> 00:11:36,139 they must be protected, preserved, and defended. 189 00:11:36,139 --> 00:11:39,460 Every Muslim will be made to stand before his Lord, 190 00:11:39,460 --> 00:11:43,460 Who will hold him to account for every minor and major deed. 191 00:11:43,460 --> 00:11:50,620 The obligation to convey knowledge and transmit it with honesty and truthfulness after comprehending and memorizing it. 192 00:11:50,620 --> 00:11:55,009 The permissibility of receiving and bearing knowledge before attaining full scholarly maturity, 193 00:11:55,009 --> 00:11:58,009 and that deep comprehension is not a prerequisite for transmission; 194 00:11:58,009 --> 00:12:00,330 rather, accurate memorization and preservation suffice. 195 00:12:00,330 --> 00:12:03,330 People differ in their levels of understanding; 196 00:12:03,330 --> 00:12:05,330 therefore, 197 00:12:05,330 --> 00:12:11,779 someone from a later generation may understand and grasp legal principles better than someone who came before him. 198 00:12:11,779 --> 00:12:18,779 The Prophetic pedagogical method of teaching, guiding, and drawing parables, 199 00:12:18,779 --> 00:12:20,779 which maximizes rhetorical impact 200 00:12:20,779 --> 00:12:26,539 and clearer to the listener's mind. 201 00:12:26,539 --> 00:12:28,539 On the authority of Abu Umamah, 202 00:12:28,539 --> 00:12:32,539 Iyas Ibn Tha'labah al-Harithi (may Allah be pleased with him), 203 00:12:32,539 --> 00:12:36,570 that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 204 00:12:36,570 --> 00:12:40,570 "Whoever wrongfully usurps the right of a Muslim by his oath, 205 00:12:40,570 --> 00:12:43,570 Allah has decreed the Fire for him 206 00:12:43,570 --> 00:12:46,570 and forbidden him Paradise." 207 00:12:46,570 --> 00:12:48,570 A man asked, 208 00:12:48,570 --> 00:12:51,600 "Even if it were something trivial, O Messenger of Allah?" 209 00:12:51,600 --> 00:12:53,600 He replied, 210 00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:56,860 "Even if it were a twig of an arak tree." 211 00:12:56,860 --> 00:12:59,690 Related by Muslim. 212 00:12:59,690 --> 00:13:01,690 "Usurps" 213 00:13:01,690 --> 00:13:04,820 means taking it unjustly without any right. 214 00:13:04,820 --> 00:13:06,820 "By his oath" 215 00:13:06,820 --> 00:13:08,909 means through a false oath. 216 00:13:08,909 --> 00:13:10,909 "A twig of an arak tree" 217 00:13:10,909 --> 00:13:13,909 refers to a stick from the well-known arak tree, 218 00:13:13,909 --> 00:13:18,059 whose branches are used for tooth-sticks (siwak). 219 00:13:18,059 --> 00:13:20,059 Among the lessons of the hadith are: 220 00:13:20,059 --> 00:13:23,320 the strict prohibition of usurping people's rights, 221 00:13:23,320 --> 00:13:26,320 the obligation to diligently restore them to their rightful owners, 222 00:13:26,320 --> 00:13:29,799 even if they are something insignificant. 223 00:13:29,799 --> 00:13:32,799 People's violated rights will bar the usurpers 224 00:13:32,799 --> 00:13:34,799 from entering Paradise 225 00:13:34,799 --> 00:13:36,799 until they fulfill what is due from them, 226 00:13:36,799 --> 00:13:38,799 or their good deeds are taken 227 00:13:38,799 --> 00:13:40,799 and given to the wronged, 228 00:13:40,799 --> 00:13:43,799 or the sins of the wronged are taken 229 00:13:43,799 --> 00:13:45,799 and cast upon the oppressors. 230 00:13:45,799 --> 00:13:50,090 A false, perjurious oath is among the grave, destructive sins. 231 00:13:50,090 --> 00:13:55,220 Riyad al-Salihin.