WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 *Riyad al-Salihin* (The Meadows of the Righteous) from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:16.120 Chapter: The Prohibition of Injustice and the Command to Redress Injustices. 00:00:16.120 --> 00:00:25.140 On the authority of Abu Humayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Sa'd al-Sa'idi (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:00:25.140 --> 00:00:30.199 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) appointed a man from the Azd tribe, 00:00:30.199 --> 00:00:35.200 known as Ibn al-Lutbiyyah, to collect zakat. 00:00:35.200 --> 00:00:41.229 When he returned, he said, "This is for you, and this was gifted to me." 00:00:41.229 --> 00:00:46.229 Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) mounted the pulpit, 00:00:46.229 --> 00:00:49.229 praised and glorified Allah, 00:00:49.229 --> 00:00:52.229 and then said, "To proceed: 00:00:52.229 --> 00:00:58.229 I appoint men from among you to oversee duties that Allah has entrusted to my authority, 00:00:58.229 --> 00:01:05.230 yet one of you comes and says, 'This is for you, and this is a gift presented to me.' 00:01:05.230 --> 00:01:13.459 Why did he not remain in his father's or mother's house to see if his gifts would be brought to him, if he is indeed truthful? 00:01:13.459 --> 00:01:17.459 By Allah, none of you takes anything unlawfully 00:01:17.459 --> 00:01:22.459 except that he will meet Allah Almighty on the Day of Resurrection carrying it! 00:01:22.459 --> 00:01:28.549 Let me not catch any one of you meeting Allah carrying a grunting camel, 00:01:28.549 --> 00:01:33.549 a mooing cow, or a bleating sheep!" 00:01:33.549 --> 00:01:38.709 Then he raised his hands until the whiteness of his armpits was visible, 00:01:38.709 --> 00:01:43.709 and said, "O Allah, have I conveyed the message?" three times. 00:01:43.709 --> 00:01:46.709 Agreed upon. 00:01:46.709 --> 00:01:51.670 "Appointed" means he was charged with collecting zakat. 00:01:52.799 --> 00:01:56.799 "Ibn al-Lutbiyyah" is an attribution to Banu Lutb, 00:01:56.799 --> 00:02:00.799 a clan of the Azd tribe, and his given name was 'Abdullah. 00:02:00.799 --> 00:02:06.900 "Entrusted to my authority" means Allah granted me disposal and stewardship over it. 00:02:06.900 --> 00:02:11.090 "Grunting" is the sound made by a camel. 00:02:11.090 --> 00:02:14.120 "Mooing" is the sound made by cattle. 00:02:14.120 --> 00:02:18.659 "Bleating" refers to the cry of a sheep or goat. 00:02:18.659 --> 00:02:20.909 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:02:20.909 --> 00:02:24.909 The ruler dispatches collectors to gather zakat 00:02:24.909 --> 00:02:29.199 and then distributes it equitably to those entitled to it. 00:02:29.199 --> 00:02:32.199 Gifts given to public officials are a form of misappropriation and bribery; 00:02:32.199 --> 00:02:37.199 hence, officials are not entitled to receive exclusive personal gifts from the public. 00:02:37.199 --> 00:02:42.199 Consequently, when employees accept money and gifts in their official capacity, 00:02:42.199 --> 00:02:44.199 it constitutes the unlawful consumption of wealth. 00:02:44.199 --> 00:02:50.550 An official has no right to exploit his post for personal gain. 00:02:50.550 --> 00:02:53.550 Whoever takes people's wealth unlawfully, 00:02:53.550 --> 00:02:56.550 Allah will disgrace him in front of all witnesses on the Day of Resurrection. 00:02:56.550 --> 00:03:03.319 Every wrongdoer will be brought carrying the very thing he wrongfully took on the Day of Resurrection. 00:03:03.319 --> 00:03:07.319 The Prophetic methodology in counseling and admonishing 00:03:07.319 --> 00:03:10.319 relies on addressing matters generally rather than singling out individuals publicly, 00:03:10.319 --> 00:03:13.319 for this serves a legitimate legislative interest; 00:03:13.319 --> 00:03:16.699 thus, his address was delivered to the general public. 00:03:17.699 --> 00:03:21.699 A clear indication that provision is obtained through personal endeavor, 00:03:21.699 --> 00:03:25.699 as highlighted in his statement (peace be upon him): 00:03:25.699 --> 00:03:28.699 "Why did he not remain in his father's or mother's house 00:03:28.699 --> 00:03:33.699 to see if his gifts would be brought to him, if he is indeed truthful?" 00:03:33.699 --> 00:03:37.930 The recommendation of raising the hands in supplication. 00:03:37.930 --> 00:03:42.370 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:03:42.370 --> 00:03:46.370 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:03:46.370 --> 00:03:49.460 "Whoever has wronged his brother 00:03:49.460 --> 00:03:52.460 in his honor or anything else, 00:03:52.460 --> 00:03:54.460 let him seek his pardon today, 00:03:54.460 --> 00:03:58.460 before there is neither dinar nor dirham. 00:03:58.460 --> 00:04:01.460 If he possesses righteous deeds, 00:04:01.460 --> 00:04:04.460 they will be taken from him in proportion to his wrongdoing; 00:04:04.460 --> 00:04:07.460 and if he has no good deeds, 00:04:07.460 --> 00:04:10.460 the bad deeds of the aggrieved party will be taken 00:04:10.460 --> 00:04:12.560 and cast upon him." 00:04:12.560 --> 00:04:14.560 Recorded by al-Bukhari. 00:04:14.560 --> 00:04:19.649 "Wronged" refers to any right of another that one has unjustly violated. 00:04:19.649 --> 00:04:24.779 "Honor" refers to the aspects of a person's reputation subject to praise and blame. 00:04:24.779 --> 00:04:27.000 "Let him seek his pardon" 00:04:27.000 --> 00:04:32.000 means he must clear his liability by restoring the right or obtaining the victim's forgiveness. 00:04:32.000 --> 00:04:36.019 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:04:36.019 --> 00:04:38.180 The strict prohibition of injustice, 00:04:38.180 --> 00:04:41.180 and urging the wrongdoer to absolve himself of his injustice 00:04:41.180 --> 00:04:46.180 before a Day comes when the excuses of wrongdoers will be of no avail. 00:04:46.180 --> 00:04:48.470 The rights of people 00:04:48.470 --> 00:04:53.470 are not forgiven by Allah unless they are returned to their rightful owners. 00:04:53.470 --> 00:04:55.819 Dinars and dirhams 00:04:55.819 --> 00:04:59.819 are mere worldly instruments to secure benefits; 00:04:59.819 --> 00:05:01.819 but on the Day of Resurrection, 00:05:01.819 --> 00:05:04.949 settlement is made through good deeds and bad deeds. 00:05:04.949 --> 00:05:06.949 Good and bad deeds 00:05:06.949 --> 00:05:11.430 will be weighed on the Day of Resurrection in exact proportion to the wrongs committed. 00:05:11.430 --> 00:05:13.430 Righteous deeds 00:05:13.430 --> 00:05:18.430 are spoiled and stripped of their reward by wronging and harming others. 00:05:18.430 --> 00:05:24.810 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported 00:05:24.810 --> 00:05:28.810 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:05:28.810 --> 00:05:33.870 "A true Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand the Muslims are safe, 00:05:33.870 --> 00:05:37.899 and the true emigrant is the one who abandons what Allah has forbidden." 00:05:37.899 --> 00:05:39.899 Agreed upon, 00:05:39.899 --> 00:05:41.899 and the wording is that of al-Bukhari. 00:05:41.899 --> 00:05:45.899 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:05:45.899 --> 00:05:48.899 The best of Muslims and the most complete of believers 00:05:48.899 --> 00:05:53.899 are those who fulfill both the rights of Allah Almighty and the rights of Muslims. 00:05:53.899 --> 00:05:58.279 Transgression may occur through actions or through words. 00:05:58.279 --> 00:06:04.889 One must abandon acts of disobedience and strictly adhere to what Allah Almighty has commanded. 00:06:04.889 --> 00:06:06.889 Whoever maintains good conduct with his Lord 00:06:06.889 --> 00:06:11.889 must likewise maintain good conduct with his fellow Muslims, 00:06:11.889 --> 00:06:16.889 for true faith yields righteous deeds and wholesome speech. 00:06:16.889 --> 00:06:21.180 Emigration is of two kinds: outward and inward. 00:06:21.180 --> 00:06:26.180 The outward emigration is to flee with one's religion from trials and tribulations, 00:06:26.180 --> 00:06:30.180 moving from the abode of disbelief to the abode of Islam, 00:06:30.180 --> 00:06:33.180 or from a land of fear to a land of security. 00:06:33.180 --> 00:06:38.620 The inward emigration is to abandon the base desires and whims of the self, 00:06:38.620 --> 00:06:44.620 curbing its impulses and disciplining it upon obedience to its Creator. 00:06:44.620 --> 00:06:50.810 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: 00:06:50.810 --> 00:06:54.939 Appointed over the personal baggage of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:06:54.939 --> 00:06:59.939 was a man named Karkarah, who died. 00:06:59.939 --> 00:07:03.939 Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:07:03.939 --> 00:07:08.029 "He is in the Fire." The people went to inspect his belongings 00:07:08.029 --> 00:07:11.029 and found a cloak that he had stolen from the spoils of war. 00:07:11.029 --> 00:07:14.160 Recorded by al-Bukhari. 00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:20.439 "Baggage" refers to heavy luggage and dependent traveling companions. 00:07:20.439 --> 00:07:25.600 "Cloak" refers to an outer garment with black stripes. 00:07:25.600 --> 00:07:28.730 "Misappropriation" (*ghulul*) signifies breach of trust, 00:07:28.730 --> 00:07:32.730 specifically the illicit taking of war booty prior to its legitimate division. 00:07:32.730 --> 00:07:36.689 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:07:36.689 --> 00:07:40.910 The prohibition of misappropriating public property, whether in small or large amounts. 00:07:40.910 --> 00:07:46.910 Embezzling the public wealth of the Muslims is therefore among the major sins, 00:07:46.910 --> 00:07:49.910 condemning its perpetrator to the Hellfire, 00:07:49.910 --> 00:07:55.319 whether the amount taken is meager or abundant. 00:07:55.319 --> 00:08:00.319 On the authority of Abu Bakrah Nufay' ibn al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:08:00.319 --> 00:08:04.379 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:08:04.379 --> 00:08:10.379 "Time has completed its cycle, returning to the state it was in on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. 00:08:10.379 --> 00:08:13.540 The year is twelve months, 00:08:13.540 --> 00:08:15.540 four of which are sacred: 00:08:15.540 --> 00:08:17.540 three consecutive months— 00:08:17.540 --> 00:08:21.540 Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, and al-Muharram— 00:08:21.540 --> 00:08:23.540 and Rajab of Mudar, 00:08:23.540 --> 00:08:26.540 which falls between Jumada and Sha'ban. 00:08:26.540 --> 00:08:28.829 What month is this?" 00:08:28.829 --> 00:08:30.829 We replied, 00:08:30.829 --> 00:08:33.830 "Allah and His Messenger know best." 00:08:33.830 --> 00:08:34.830 He remained silent 00:08:34.830 --> 00:08:39.830 until we thought he would call it by another name. 00:08:39.830 --> 00:08:40.830 He said, 00:08:40.830 --> 00:08:42.830 "Is it not Dhu al-Hijjah?" 00:08:42.830 --> 00:08:44.899 We replied, "Indeed it is." 00:08:44.899 --> 00:08:45.899 He asked, 00:08:45.899 --> 00:08:48.960 "What land is this?" 00:08:48.960 --> 00:08:49.960 We replied, 00:08:49.960 --> 00:08:52.960 "Allah and His Messenger know best." 00:08:52.960 --> 00:08:53.960 He remained silent 00:08:53.960 --> 00:08:58.960 until we thought he would call it by another name. 00:08:58.960 --> 00:08:59.960 He said, 00:08:59.960 --> 00:09:01.960 "Is it not the Sacred City?" 00:09:01.960 --> 00:09:04.090 We replied, "Indeed it is." 00:09:04.090 --> 00:09:05.090 He asked, 00:09:05.090 --> 00:09:08.090 "What day is this?" 00:09:08.090 --> 00:09:09.090 We replied, 00:09:09.090 --> 00:09:12.090 "Allah and His Messenger know best." 00:09:12.090 --> 00:09:13.090 He remained silent 00:09:13.090 --> 00:09:18.220 until we thought he would call it by another name. 00:09:18.220 --> 00:09:19.220 He said, 00:09:19.220 --> 00:09:21.220 "Is it not the Day of Sacrifice?" 00:09:21.220 --> 00:09:23.379 We replied, "Indeed it is." 00:09:23.379 --> 00:09:24.379 He said, 00:09:24.379 --> 00:09:30.379 "Verily, your blood, your property, and your honor are inviolable to one another, 00:09:30.379 --> 00:09:32.379 as sacred as this day of yours, 00:09:32.379 --> 00:09:34.379 in this city of yours, 00:09:34.379 --> 00:09:37.379 in this month of yours. 00:09:37.379 --> 00:09:41.379 You shall surely meet your Lord, and He will ask you about your deeds. 00:09:41.379 --> 00:09:48.629 Beware! Do not revert after me to disbelievers, striking one another's necks! 00:09:48.629 --> 00:09:51.629 Let the one who is present convey this to the one who is absent, 00:09:51.629 --> 00:09:57.629 for perhaps the one to whom it is conveyed will understand it better than some who heard it directly." 00:09:57.629 --> 00:09:59.860 Then he said, 00:09:59.860 --> 00:10:01.860 "Have I not conveyed the message? 00:10:01.860 --> 00:10:03.860 Have I not conveyed the message?" 00:10:03.860 --> 00:10:05.860 We said, "Yes!" 00:10:05.860 --> 00:10:06.860 He said, 00:10:06.860 --> 00:10:08.860 "O Allah, bear witness!" 00:10:08.860 --> 00:10:13.230 Agreed upon. 00:10:13.230 --> 00:10:14.230 "Completed its cycle" 00:10:14.230 --> 00:10:18.230 means it returned to its original arrangement of years, 00:10:18.230 --> 00:10:21.230 and the year to its natural division into months, 00:10:21.230 --> 00:10:24.230 in accordance with the words of the Almighty: 00:10:24.230 --> 00:10:33.230 “Lo! the number of the months with Allah is twelve months by Allah's ordinance in the day that He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred: that is the right religion. So wrong not yourselves in them. And wage war on all of the idolaters as they are waging war on all of you. And know that Allah is with those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:36) 00:10:33.230 --> 00:10:36.519 "Four of which are sacred." 00:10:36.519 --> 00:10:37.519 "Its state" 00:10:37.519 --> 00:10:40.519 signifies its original form, order, and condition. 00:10:40.519 --> 00:10:42.840 "Four sacred months" 00:10:42.840 --> 00:10:47.029 means it is forbidden to initiate warfare during them. 00:10:47.029 --> 00:10:49.029 "Rajab of Mudar" 00:10:49.029 --> 00:10:51.029 was attributed to the tribe of Mudar 00:10:51.029 --> 00:10:56.029 because they were the most diligent of tribes in observing its sanctity. 00:10:56.029 --> 00:10:59.379 "As sacred as this day of yours" 00:10:59.379 --> 00:11:02.379 emphasizes the enormity of committing a transgression on such a day. 00:11:02.379 --> 00:11:03.610 "More attentive / better grasp" (*aw'a*) 00:11:03.610 --> 00:11:05.610 means possessing greater comprehension. 00:11:05.610 --> 00:11:09.500 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:11:09.500 --> 00:11:11.730 The invalidation of intercalary postponement (*al-nasi'*), 00:11:11.730 --> 00:11:13.730 which was a practice of pre-Islamic ignorance: 00:11:13.730 --> 00:11:17.730 whenever they wished to wage war in the sacred months, 00:11:17.730 --> 00:11:22.730 they would treat them as permissible and defer the sacred status to subsequent months, 00:11:22.730 --> 00:11:25.730 thereby also delaying the time of the Hajj pilgrimage. 00:11:25.730 --> 00:11:31.139 A Muslim's blood, honor, and property are inviolable to his fellow Muslim; 00:11:31.139 --> 00:11:36.139 they must be protected, preserved, and defended. 00:11:36.139 --> 00:11:39.460 Every Muslim will be made to stand before his Lord, 00:11:39.460 --> 00:11:43.460 Who will hold him to account for every minor and major deed. 00:11:43.460 --> 00:11:50.620 The obligation to convey knowledge and transmit it with honesty and truthfulness after comprehending and memorizing it. 00:11:50.620 --> 00:11:55.009 The permissibility of receiving and bearing knowledge before attaining full scholarly maturity, 00:11:55.009 --> 00:11:58.009 and that deep comprehension is not a prerequisite for transmission; 00:11:58.009 --> 00:12:00.330 rather, accurate memorization and preservation suffice. 00:12:00.330 --> 00:12:03.330 People differ in their levels of understanding; 00:12:03.330 --> 00:12:05.330 therefore, 00:12:05.330 --> 00:12:11.779 someone from a later generation may understand and grasp legal principles better than someone who came before him. 00:12:11.779 --> 00:12:18.779 The Prophetic pedagogical method of teaching, guiding, and drawing parables, 00:12:18.779 --> 00:12:20.779 which maximizes rhetorical impact 00:12:20.779 --> 00:12:26.539 and clearer to the listener's mind. 00:12:26.539 --> 00:12:28.539 On the authority of Abu Umamah, 00:12:28.539 --> 00:12:32.539 Iyas Ibn Tha'labah al-Harithi (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:12:32.539 --> 00:12:36.570 that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:12:36.570 --> 00:12:40.570 "Whoever wrongfully usurps the right of a Muslim by his oath, 00:12:40.570 --> 00:12:43.570 Allah has decreed the Fire for him 00:12:43.570 --> 00:12:46.570 and forbidden him Paradise." 00:12:46.570 --> 00:12:48.570 A man asked, 00:12:48.570 --> 00:12:51.600 "Even if it were something trivial, O Messenger of Allah?" 00:12:51.600 --> 00:12:53.600 He replied, 00:12:53.600 --> 00:12:56.860 "Even if it were a twig of an arak tree." 00:12:56.860 --> 00:12:59.690 Related by Muslim. 00:12:59.690 --> 00:13:01.690 "Usurps" 00:13:01.690 --> 00:13:04.820 means taking it unjustly without any right. 00:13:04.820 --> 00:13:06.820 "By his oath" 00:13:06.820 --> 00:13:08.909 means through a false oath. 00:13:08.909 --> 00:13:10.909 "A twig of an arak tree" 00:13:10.909 --> 00:13:13.909 refers to a stick from the well-known arak tree, 00:13:13.909 --> 00:13:18.059 whose branches are used for tooth-sticks (siwak). 00:13:18.059 --> 00:13:20.059 Among the lessons of the hadith are: 00:13:20.059 --> 00:13:23.320 the strict prohibition of usurping people's rights, 00:13:23.320 --> 00:13:26.320 the obligation to diligently restore them to their rightful owners, 00:13:26.320 --> 00:13:29.799 even if they are something insignificant. 00:13:29.799 --> 00:13:32.799 People's violated rights will bar the usurpers 00:13:32.799 --> 00:13:34.799 from entering Paradise 00:13:34.799 --> 00:13:36.799 until they fulfill what is due from them, 00:13:36.799 --> 00:13:38.799 or their good deeds are taken 00:13:38.799 --> 00:13:40.799 and given to the wronged, 00:13:40.799 --> 00:13:43.799 or the sins of the wronged are taken 00:13:43.799 --> 00:13:45.799 and cast upon the oppressors. 00:13:45.799 --> 00:13:50.090 A false, perjurious oath is among the grave, destructive sins. 00:13:50.090 --> 00:13:55.220 Riyad al-Salihin.