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A Summary of the Concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah

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Divine Will (Shar'iyyah) and Cosmic Decree (Kawniyyah): Agreement and Divergence

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Divine Will, in conjunction with Cosmic Decree, has several states.

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Firstly, the two wills may coincide.

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This is exemplified in the case of a believing obedient person, the faith of the believer.

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Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, wills faith from him by divine law (shar'an).

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And He decrees it for him cosmically (kawnan).

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Secondly, both wills may be absent.

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This is seen in the case of the non-disbelieving believer.

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Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, does not will disbelief from the believer by divine law.

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Nor does He decree it for him cosmically or by fate.

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Thirdly, one may exist while the other is absent.

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This occurs in two situations.

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The first is the non-belief of the disbeliever.

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Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, wills faith from the disbeliever by divine law.

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However, He has not decreed it for him cosmically.

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As Noah, peace be upon him, said to his people.

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“My counsel will not profit you if I were minded to advise you, if Allah's will is to keep you astray. He is your Lord and unto Him ye will be brought back.” (11:34)

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“My counsel will not profit you if I were minded to advise you, if Allah's will is to keep you astray. He is your Lord and unto Him ye will be brought back.” (11:34)

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“My counsel will not profit you if I were minded to advise you, if Allah's will is to keep you astray. He is your Lord and unto Him ye will be brought back.” (11:34)

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The second is the disbelief of the disbeliever.

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Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, does not will disbelief from the disbeliever by divine law.

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But He decrees it for him cosmically.